Double stops.
The violin is capable of producing a great variety of double notes or double stops. In conjunction with an open string, all the intervals may be given.
Unisons:
In unisons, the note given by the open string is produced simultaneously on the next lower string. The fingering adjusts itself according to the position in which one is playing, and it may be practised in the first four positions.
Seconds:
At a, the lower note will be played on the lower string, but at b the upper note is produced on the lower string. The fingering at a is conformable to the position employed—either the 3ʳᵈ, 2ⁿᵈ or 1ˢᵗ finger may be on the lower note. At b, the upper note can be played either in the 2ⁿᵈ, 3ʳᵈ, 4ᵗʰ or 5ᵗʰ position and either the 4ᵗʰ, 3ʳᵈ, 2ⁿᵈ or 1ˢᵗ finger may be placed on the upper note.
Thirds:
The thirds at a lie in the first two positions. At b, the upper note is taken on the lower string, and either in the 3ʳᵈ, 4ᵗʰ, 5ᵗʰ or 6ᵗʰ position.
Fourths:
a lies in the first position, at b the higher note is again produced on the lower string (as a harmonic note) in the 4ᵗʰ position.
Fifths:
The perfect fifths in this example have each two open strings; the imperfect fifths are played either in the first or half position.
Sixths:
in the first position.
Sevenths:
in the first and second positions.
Octaves:
in the first three positions.
Ninths:
The upper notes in the 1ˢᵗ, 2ⁿᵈ, 3ʳᵈ or 4ᵗʰ positions.
Tenths:
The upper notes in the 2ⁿᵈ, 3ʳᵈ, 4ᵗʰ or 5ᵗʰ positions.
Double stops without open strings.
Unisons.
Seconds.
Major Thirds.
Minor Thirds.
Thirds are fingered with the 1ˢᵗ and 3ʳᵈ, or the 2ⁿᵈ and 4ᵗʰ, also with the 3ʳᵈ and 4ᵗʰ fingers in a series of thirds.
Fourths.
Perfect 4ᵗʰˢ.
Augmented 4ᵗʰˢ.
| Fingering: | 1 | , | 2 | and | 3 |
| 2 | 3 | 4 |
Fifths.
Perfect 5ᵗʰˢ.
Imperfect 5ᵗʰˢ.
Perfect fifths are fingered
| 1 | , | 2 | , | 3 | or | 4 | . |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
Imperfect fifths are fingered with the same fingers as fourths.
Sixths.
Major 6ᵗʰˢ.
Minor 6ᵗʰˢ.
| Fingered | 1 | , | 2 | and | 3 |
| 2 | 3 | 4 |
Sevenths.
| Fingered | 1 | , | 2 |
| 3 | 4 |
Octaves.
| Fingered | 1 | , in the upper positions frequently | 1 | and | 2 |
| 4 | 3 | 4 |
It is necessary to remark that the foregoing examples do not give the fingering of the scales in double stops, only the fingerings which may be used in double stops as met with singly.
To these double stops without open strings, those in conjunction with an open string ([pp. 53, 54]) can still be added by this means, —that they are played on two lower strings; e. g.
The first stops on the D and G string are obviously excluded from this.