Slaughter in the Saladeros.
Killing Season in the Killing Grounds.
There exist various saladeros or killing grounds in the Department of Montevideo and along the coasts of the Uruguay. Some of them are very important.
There they dry the flesh, prepare the tasajo or dried meat, salt the hides, burn the bones and elaborate extracts of meat.
To prove the importance of the faena or killing season in those establishments in the Republic of Uruguay, we give the following comparative table:
ANIMALS KILLED IN THE SALADEROS.
| Years. | Argentine Repub. | Uruguay Repub. |
| 1876 | 551,443 | 625,457 |
| 1877 | 662,500 | 527,600 |
| 1878 | 572,500 | 677,026 |
| 1879 | 539,000 | 556,500 |
| 1880 | 491,500 | 665,500 |
| 1881 | 399,000 | 576,170 |
| 1882 | 434,500 | 738,500 |
| 1883 | 365,100 | 704,400 |
| 1884 | 316,800 | 853,600 |
| 1885 | 610,700 | 647,029 |
| 1886 | 480,900 | 751,067 |
| 1887 | 327,208 | 499,554 |
| 1888 | 467,450 | 773,449 |
| 1889 | 701,400 | 708,923 |
| 1890 | 764,000 | 642,100 |
| 1891 | 844,600 | 613,500 |
A description of every one of the saladeros that exist in the Republic cannot be given here, being so limited in the space to be disposed of; however, it is necessary to make known the importance of the great establishment for elaborating the extract of meat by the Liebig system.
The establishment is situated on the coast of the River Uruguay, and is known to be the first establishment of its kind, not only in the River Plate, but also in all South America. The following lines will give an idea of it.
Two kilometres southward from Villa Independencia, in Fray-Bentos, Department of Rio Negro, is the great establishment of "Liebig's Extract of Meat Co." which forms by itself an important center of population.
It was founded in the year 1864 by M. Gibert. The first exportation of 230 kilogs of extract of meat got to Antwerp in November of the same year, and Baron Liebig declared that it surpassed all his hopes. Soon over 918 kilogs were exported monthly. In the year 1866 the Company was founded in London, and M. Gibert had all the machinery made in Scotland for the establishment, which began working in May, 1868. All the world knows now the extract, and its use is everywhere adopted, in the hospitals as well as in the barracks. At the Paris Exhibition in 1867 the highest prizes were given to M. Gibert for his Extractum Carnis, this extract being the only product out of 75,000 sent to the Exhibition rewarded with two gold medals. In Vienna also in 1873 it won the great gold medal over all the other systems employed in Australia and other countries. M. Gibert died in 1874. The establishment has gone on as prosperous as ever.
It possesses great and valuable buildings with powerful steam engines to put in motion the great machines destined to all the different preparations. The galpon or shed where the animals are skinned and cut up is a first-class one and permits the killing of 1,000 animals per diem. During the killing season of 1891 208,800 animals were killed, and in 1892 156,200. The extract exported during the year 1890, represents, according to the customhouse statistics, 820,670 kilogs, and during 1891, 711,564, giving a value the first year of $1,677,408, and the second year of $2,134,692.00
The establishment is provided with great platforms for the drying of all the materials necessary to prepare the guano or artificial manure, with spacious sheds and machinery for reducing the materials to powder, and also another shed for the grinding of bones.
Over 7,500 tons of coal and 3,500 of salt are employed yearly.
The different works in the establishment employ more than 600 persons: and the population all around the establishment is of 2,500 souls.
It has good quays where ships of all draughts can come and be quickly loaded by powerful steam-cranes.
It has a school where a good education is given to more than a hundred children, the sons of the workingmen; it has also a social club and a band, composed of the workmen.
It possesses also all the workhouses necessary for the good preparation and packing of its products.
Many suertes of land belong to this important association in the place called "Rincon de las Gallinas," where more than 35,000 heads of cattle feed.
The capital of the society is £500,000, divided into 25,000 shares, out of which only 24,300 were issued, the putting out of the other being quite unnecessary.
The shares, the primitive price of which was £20 in London are now quoted more than double. (£42 or £44.) The dividend received by the shareholders varies between 10 and 12 per cent.
This establishment gives life and activity to the important commercial centre of "Villa Independencia" and is a great stimulus for the cattle industry in the country.