APPENDIX V. ABBREVIATIONS.

The list of abbreviations originally given on p. [57], § [116], was enlarged in the report of the committee on catalogue rules of the American Library Association (Library journal, 3: 16–19). It there included the abbreviations for the most usual forenames formed by the initial followed by a colon for men and by two periods for women (as J:=John, M..=Mary), devised by C: A. Cutter and first published in the Library journal, 1: 405 and 5: 176. It was republished, classified, but with many omissions and additions, by Melvil Dewey in Library notes, 1: 206–211, and also on a convenient card. It is here reprinted in full with his additions.

A list of abbreviations used in describing bindings, prepared by E. H. Woodruff, was published in the Library journal for May, 1887.

Aaron	Aar.
Abraham	Ab.
Adam	Ad.
Adelbert	Adlb.
Adolf	Adf.
Adrian	Adr.
Aegidius	Aeg.
Albert	Alb.
Albrecht	Albr.
Alexander, Alexandre	Alex.
Alfonso	Alf.
Alfred	Alfr.
Alphonse	Alph.
Amadeus	Amad.
Ambrose, Ambrosius	Amb.
Anastasius	Anast.
Andreas, Andrew	And.
Anna	A..
Anselm	Ans.
Anthony, Antoine, Anton	Ant.
Archibald	Arch.
Arnold	Arn.
Arthur	Arth.
August, Augustus	A:
Augusta	A: a
Augustin	A: in
Augustinus	A: inus
Aurelius	Aur.
Austin	Aust.
Baldwin	Bald.
Balthasar	Balt.
Baptiste	Bapt.
Barbara	Barb.
Barnard	Barn.
Bartholomäus, Bartholomew	Bart.
Basilius	Bas.
Beatrice	B..
Beatrix	Bx.
Belinda	Bel.
Benedict	Bened.
Benjamin	B:
Bernard	Bern.
Bernhard	Bernh.
Barthold	Brth.
Bertram	Bert.
Boniface	Boni.
Bruno	Bru.
Burchard	Bch.
Cadwallader	Cadwal.
Caleb	Clb.
Calvin	Calv.
Camillus	Cam.
Camilla	Cma.
Carl, Carlo, Charles	C:
Caroline	Caro.
Casimir	Cas.
Caspar	Cap.
Catharine	Cath.
Charlotte	C..
Christian	Chr.
Christlieb	Chli.
Christoph	Cp.
Clarence	Clar.
Claude	Cl. {120}
Claudius	Cls.
Clemens, Clement	Clem.
Conrad	Conr.
Constantin	Const.
Cordelia	Cord.
Cornelius	Corn.
Crispian, Crispin, Crispus	Crsp.
Daniel	Dan.
David	D:
Deborah	Deb.
Detlev	Dtl.
Delia	D.
Diana	Di.
Dietrich	Dt.
Dominicus	Dom.
Donald	Don.
Dorothy	Dor.
Duncan	Dunc.
Ebenezer	Eb.
Eberhard	Ebh.
Edgar	Edg.
Edmund	Edm.
Edouard, Eduard, Edward	E:
Edwin	Edn.
Egbert	Egb.
Ehrenfried	Ehrfr.
Elias	El.
Elijah	Elij.
Elizabeth	E..
Emanuel	Em.
Ephraim	Eph.
Erdmann	Erdm.
Erhard	Erh.
Eric, Erich	Er.
Ernest, Ernst	Ern.
Eugen, Eugene	Eug.
Eusebius	Eus.
Eustace, Eustachius	Eust.
Evelina	Evel.
Ezechiel	Ezech.
Ezra	Ez.
Fanny	F..
Felix	Fel.
Ferdinand	Fd.
Fitz William	Fitz W.
Flavius	Flav.
Florence	Flo.
Francis	Fs.
Frances	Fcs.
Frank	Fk.
Franz	Fz.
Frederic, Friedrich	F:
Fürchtegott	Fchtg.
Gabriel	Gbr.
Gamaliel	Gam.
Gasparo	Gsp.
Gaston	Gast.
Gebhard	Gbh.
Geoffrey	Geof.
Georg, George, Georges	G:
Gerald	Ger.
Gerhard	Gh.
Gershom	Gersh.
Gertrude	Gert.
Giacomo	Giac.
Giam Battista	Gi. bat.
Gian Giacomo	Gi. Giac.
Gian Pietro	Gi. P:
Gideon	Gid.
Gilbert	Gilb.
Giovanni	Gi.
Giuseppe	Giu.
Godfrey	Godf.
Gottfried	Gf.
Gotthard	Gthd.
Gotthelf	Ghf.
Gotthold	Ghld.
Gottlieb	Gli.
Gottlob	Glo.
Gottschalk	Gk.
Grace	G..
Gregor, Gregory	Greg.
Guillaume	Guil.
Günther	Gth.
Gustav, Gustavus	Gst.
Hannah	Ha.
Hans	Hs.
Harold	Har.
Harriet	Ht.
Hartmann	Htm.
Hartwig	Htw.
Hector	Hect.
Hedwig	Hedw.
Heinrich, Henri, Henry	H:
Helen	H..
Herbert	Herb.
Herrmann	Hm.
Hezekiah	Hzk.
Hieronymus	Hi.
Hippolyte	Hip.
Horace	Hor.
Hubert	Hub.
Hugh	Hu. {121}
Hugo	Hg.
Humphrey	Hum.
Ignatius, Ignaz	Ign.
Immanuel	Im.
Innocenz	Inn.
Isaac	I:
Isabella	I..
Israel	Isr.
Jacob	Jac.
Jakob	Jak.
James	Ja.
Jane	J..
Jasper	Jasp.
Jedediah	Jed.
Jemima	Jem.
Jeremiah, Jeremias, Jeremy	Jer.
Joachim	Joac.
Joel	Jl.
John, Johann, Jean, masc.	J:
Johannes	Js.
Jonathan	Jona.
Joseph	Jos.
Josepha	Josa.
Josephine	Jose.
Joshua	Josh.
Jószef	Jósz.
Jules, Julius	Jul.
Julia	Jla.
Juliet	Jlt.
Justin, Justus	Just.
Karl	K:
Kaspar	Ksp.
Katharine	K..
Konrad	Konr.
Laurence	Laur.
Lawrence	Lawr.
Lazarus	Laz.
Leberecht, Lebrecht	Lbr.
Lemuel	Lem.
Leonard	Leon.
Leonhard	Lh.
Leopold	Lp.
Lewis	Lew.
Louis, Ludwig	L:
Louise	L..
Lobegott	Lbg.
Lorenz	Lor.
Lothar	Lth.
Louisa	L..
Ludolf	Ldf.
Malachi	Mal.
Marcus	Mcs.
Margaret	Marg.
Maria	Mar.
Marc, Mark	M:
Martin	Mt.
Mary	M..
Mathäus, Matthew	Mat.
Matilda	Mta.
Maurice	Maur.
Max, Maximilian	Mx.
Mehitabel	Mehit.
Melchior	Mlch.
Michael	Mich.
Moriz	Mor.
Moses	Mos.
Nancy	N..
Napoleon	Nap.
Nathan	Nat.
Nathaniel	Natl.
Nehemiah	Neh.
Nepomuk	Np.
Nicodemus	Nicod.
Nicolas, Nicolaus, Nicole	N:
Noah	No.
Norman	Norm.
Obadiah	Ob.
Octavius	Oct.
Octavia	Octa.
Oliver	Ol.
Olivia	O..
Orlando	Orl.
Oscar	Osc.
Oswald	Osw.
Ottmar	Ottm.
Otto	O:
Patrick	Pat.
Paul	Pl.
Pauline	P..
Peter, Pierre	P:
Philip	Ph.
Phineas	Phin.
Priscilla	Pris.
Rachel	Ra.
Raimund, Raymond	Rmd.
Raphael	Rapl.
Rebecca	R..
Reginald	Reg.
Reinhard	Rhd.
Reinhold	Rhld.
Reuben	Reub. {122}
Richard	R:
Robert	Rob.
Rodolph	Rod.
Roger	Rog.
Roland	Rol.
Rudolf	Rud.
Rufus	Ruf.
Rupert, Ruprecht	Rup.
Salomon	Sal.
Salvator	Salv.
Samuel	S:
Sarah	S..
Severen	Sev.
Sebastian	Seb.
Siegfried	Siegf.
Sigismund	Sgsm.
Sigmund	Sigm.
Simeon, Simon	Sim.
Solomon	Sol.
Sophia	So.
Stanislas	Stan.
Stephen	Ste.
Susan	Su.
Tabitha	Tab.
Temperance	Temp.
Thaddeus	Thad.
Theobald	Thbd.
Theodor	Thdr.
Theophilus	Thph.
Theresa	T..
Thomas, Tomas, Tomaso	T:
Tiberius	Tib.
Timotheus, Timothy	Tim.
Titus	Tit.
Tobias, Tobiah	Tob.
Traugott	Trg.
Ulrich	U:
Ursula	U..
Valentine	Val.
Veit	Vt.
Victor	Vet.
Victoria	V..
Vincentius	Vinc.
Virginia	Virg.
Volkmar	Volkm.
Waldemar	Wald.
Walther, Walter	Wa.
Washington	Wash.
Wenzel	Wz.
Werner	Wr.
William, Willem, Wilhelm	W:
Wilhelmina	W..
Winfred	Winf.
Winifred	Winif.
Woldemar	Wold.
Wolfgang	Wolfg.
Xaver, Xavier	X:
Xenophon	Xen.
Xerxes	Xerx.
Zacharias, Zachary	Zach.
Zebadiah, Zebedee	Zeb.
Zechariah	Zech.
Zenobia	Z..
Zephaniah	Zeph.

COLON ABBREVIATIONS FOR FORENAMES.
A: Augustus.	A.. Anna.
B: Benjamin.	B.. Beatrice.
C: Charles.	C.. Charlotte.
D: David.	D.. Delia.
E: Edward.	E.. Elizabeth.
F: Frederick.	F.. Fanny.
G: George.	G.. Grace.
H: Henry.	H.. Helen.
I: Isaac.	I.. Isabella.
J: John.	J.. Jane.
K: Karl.	K.. Katharine.
L: Louis.	L.. Louise.
M: Matthew.	M.. Mary.
N: Nicholas.	N.. Nancy.
O: Otto.	O.. Olivia.
P: Peter.	P.. Pauline.
R: Richard.	R.. Rebecca.
S: Samuel.	S.. Sarah. {123}
T: Thomas.	T.. Theresa.
U: Uriah.	U.. Ursula.
V: Victor.	V.. Victoria.
W: William.	W.. Wilhelmina.
X: Xavier.
Z: Zenas.	Z.. Zenobia.

Here C: is used both for Charles and Carlo, H: for Henry, Henri, and Heinrich, and so on. Mr. Dewey for greater distinctness advises the following:

Where : and .. is used in English names, use ; and ., for the German form, and ; and ,. for the French.

abridger	abr.
afterwards	aftw.
annotater	annot.
born	b.
collector	col.
company	co.
commentator	comment.
compiler	comp.
continuer	contin.
died	d.
department	dept.
editor	ed.
Great Britain	Gr. Br.
pseudonym	pseud.
publisher	pub.
superintendent	supt.
translator	tr.
United States	U. S.
veuve	vve.
wittwe	wwe.
include maiden name of married woman.	( )
include words or parts of words supplied.	[ ]
probably, perhaps	? after a word.

Use also the common abbreviations for political, military, professional, and honorary titles.

Auflage, Ausgabe	Aufl., Ausg.
Band	Bd.
Bohn’s scientific library	B. S. L.
calf	cf.
cloth	cl.
copyright e. g., 1882 [c. ’80].	c.
edited, -ion, -or	ed.
fac-similes	fac-sim.
folios	f.
group of portraits	gr. of por.
Harper’s family library	H. F. L.
illustrated, -ions	il.
leaves	l.
morocco	mor.
mutilated	mut.
no date of pub.	n. d.
no place of pub.	n. p.
no title-page	n. t. p.
page, pages	p.
pamphlet, pamphlets	pam.
paper	pap.
photographs	phot.
portrait of group	por. of gr.
portrait, portraits	por.
Roxburgh	rxb.
sheep	sh.
square	sq.
tables	tab.
title-page	t.-p.
title-page mutilated, wanting	t. p. m., t. p. w.
unbound	unbd.
unpaged	unp.
vellum	vel.
volume, volumes	v. (in the imprint), Vol. (in the title). [72]
with (before words)	w.
wanting (after words)	w.

In notes the abbreviations in all these lists may be used.

[72] I. e., Vol. 1 but 2 v.

FOR BOOK TITLES.
abridged	abr.
abbreviations	abbr.
account	acct.
additional, -ons	add.
American	Amer. or Am.
analysis, -tical	anal.
anonymous	anon.
appended, -ix	app.
aus dem Lateinischen	a. d. Lat.
born	b.
biblical, bibliographical, bibliotheca, etc.	bibl.
biographical, -phy	biog.
book	bk.
Christian	Chr.
chronological	chron.
classical	class.
collected, -ions, college, colored	col.
commerce, -ial, committee	com.
compiled, -er	comp.
concerning	conc.
containing, contents, continued	cont.
copy, copyrighted	cop.
corrected	cor.
crown, size of book	cr.
cyclopædia	cyc.
Danish	Dan.
died	d.
department	dept.
domestic	dom.
elementary, -ts	elem.
encyclopædia	encyc.
English	Eng.
engraved, -er, -ings	eng.
enlarged	enl.
fiction	fict.
folios, i. e., leaves	ff.
from	fr.
French	Fr.
geography	geog.
geology	geol.
geometry	geom.
German	Germ.
gesammelte, gesammt	ges.
Geschichte	Ges. or Gesch.
grammar, -tical	gram.
great	gr.
Greek	Gr.
half	hf.
historical, -y	hist.
homœopathic	homœop.
herausgegeben	hrsg.
illustrated, -ions	il.
imperfect	imp.
improved	impr.
including	incl.
increased	incr.
intorno	int.
introduction, -ory	introd.
Italian	Ital.
juvenile	juv.
Latin	Lat.
library	lib.
literary, -ture	lit.
medical, -ine	med.
memoir	mem.
miscellaneous	misc.
manuscript, -ts	ms., mss.
national, natural	nat.
new series	n. s.
nouvelle	nouv.
number, -s	no., nos.
oblong	obl.
preface, -ed, prefixed	pref.
pseudonym, -ous	ps.
part	pt.
published, -er	pub.
recensuit, record	rec.
relating, relative	rel.
report	rept.
review, revised, -ion	rev.
Roman	Rom.
Russian	Rus.
sämmtlich	sämm.
science, scientific	sci.
selected, -ions	sel.
separate	sep.
series	s. or ser.
small	sm.
society	soc.
supplement, -ary, -ing	sup.
Swedish	Swed.
theology	theol.
transactions	trans.
translated, -or, traduit, tradotto, etc.	tr.
übersetzt	übers,
und	u.
vocabulary	vocab.
von	v.
van to be given in full.
in, contained in	( ) {125}
words added to title
to and included in, or continued	—
matter omitted	...
probably, perhaps	?
end of line on title-page	\|
transition to another title-page	\|\|
vo, mo, to, in octavo, duodecimo, quarto	º

Albany	Alb.
Amsterdam	Amst.
Baltimore	Balt.
Berlin	Ber.
Boston	B. or Bost.
Braunschweig	Brns.
Cambridge	Camb. or Cb.
Chicago	Chic. or Ch.
Cincinnati	Cin.
Copenhagen	Copng.
Edinburgh	Edin. or Ed.
England	Eng.
Firenze	Fir.
France	Fr.
Germany	Germ.
Glasgow	Glasg. or Gl.
Gotinga	Got.
Göttingen	Göt.
Kjöbenhavn	Kjöb.
London	L. or Lond.
Leyden	Ley.
Leipzig	Lpz.
Lugduni Batavorum	Lug. Bat.
Milano	Mil.
München	Mün.
New Orleans	N. O.
New York	N. Y.
Oxford	Oxf.
Paris	P. or Par.
Philadelphia	Ph. or Phil.
St. Louis	St. L.
St. Petersburg	St. Pet. or St. P.
San Francisco	San Fran. or S. F.
Stuttgart	Stut.
Torino	Tor.
United States	U. S.
Venice	Ven. or V.
Washington	W. or Wash.

Also the common abbreviations for the States. Use for all languages when the equivalent name contains these letters.

bachelor of arts	A. B.
archbishop	abp.
year of our Lord	A. D.
adjutant	adjt.
admiral	adm.
Alabama	Ala.
Master of Arts	A. M.
American	Am. or Amer.
associate of the Royal Academy	A. R. A.
attorney	atty.
bachelor of arts	B. A.
baronet	bart.
before Christ	B. C.
bishop	bp.
brigadier general	brig. gen.
California	Cal.
captain	capt.
Colorado	Col.
Confederate States of America or C. S. army	C. S. A.
C. S. navy	C. S. N.
Connecticut	Ct.

MONTHS.
- Ja.
- F.
- Mr.
- Ap.
- My.
- Je.
- Jl.
- Ag.
- S.
- O.
- N.
- D.

DAYS.
- Su.
- M.
- Tu.
- W.
- Th.
- F.
- St. {126}

Fold symbol. Never use for size.	Size letter. Never use for fold.	Outside height. In centimeters.
48º	Fe	Up to 10
32º	Tt	10 – 12.5
24º	T	12.5 – 15
16º	S	15 – 17.5
12º	D	17.5 – 20
8º	O	20 – 25
4º	Q	25 – 30
fº	F	30 – 35
	F⁴	35 – 40
	F⁵	40 – 50

Prefix nar. if width is less than

height.

Prefix sq. if width is more than ¾ height.

Prefix ob. if width is more than height.

For all books over 35^cm high the superior figures show in which 10^cm of height the book falls, e. g., F⁸ is between 70 and 80^cm high.

Actual size method.

Give all sizes in cm (for greater accuracy adding decimals), leaving the old symbols and names, 8º and Octavo to indicate fold only. Give height first, followed by h, or by × and width, e. g., 23^h or 23 × 14. 23^h means between 22 and 23, i. e., in 23^d cm. All measures are taken outside the cover. Width is from hinge to edge not including the round. To measure paper or letter-press, prefix p(aper) or t(ype) to figures, including in type neither folio nor signature lines.