ENTRY.

Commentaries accompanying a text and translations are to be entered under the heading of the original work; but commentaries without the text under the name of the commentator. A book entitled “Commentary on . . . ” and containing the text should be put under both. (1g

The Bible, or any part of it (including the Apocrypha), in any language, is to be entered under the word Bible. (1h

The Talmud and Koran (and parts of them) are to be entered under those words; the sacred books of other religions are to be entered under the names by which they are generally known; references to be given from the names of editors, translators, etc. (1i

The respondent or defender of an academical thesis is to be considered as the author, unless the work unequivocally appears to be the work of the praeses. (1j

Books having more than one author to be entered under the one first named in the title with a reference from each of the others. (1k

Reports of civil actions are to be entered under the name of the party to the suit which stands first on the title-page. Reports of crown and criminal proceedings are to be entered under the name of the defendant. Admiralty proceedings relating to vessels are to be put under the name of the vessel. (1l

Noblemen are to be entered under their titles, unless the family name is decidedly better known. (1m

Ecclesiastical dignitaries, unless popes or sovereigns, are to be entered under their surnames. (1n

Sovereigns (other than Greek or Roman), ruling princes, Oriental writers, popes, friars, persons canonized, and all other persons known only by their first name, are to be entered under this first name. (1o

Married women, and other persons who have changed their names, are to be put under the last well-known form. (1p

A pseudonym may be used instead of the surname (and only a reference to the pseudonym made under the surname) when an author is much more known by his false than by his real name. In case of doubt use the real name. (1q

A society is to be entered under the first word, not an article, of its corporate name, with references from any other name by which it is known, especially from the name of the place where its headquarters are established, if it is often called by that name. (1r

References.—When an author has been known by more than one name, references should be inserted from the name or names not to be used as headings to the one used. (1s

[70] C. A. Cutter, S. H. Scudder, C. B. Tillinghast. Reprinted from the Library journal, 8: 251–254. The rules of the Library Association of the United Kingdom were printed in the Library journal, 6: 315–316. The Bodleian cataloging rules are given in the Library journal, 8: 298–301.

HEADINGS.

In the heading of titles, the names of authors are to be given in full, and in their vernacular form, except that the Latin form may be used when it is more generally known, the vernacular form being added in parentheses; except, also, that sovereigns and popes may be given in the English form. (2a

English and French surnames beginning with a prefix (except the French de and d’) are to be recorded under the prefix; in other languages under the word following; (2b

English compound surnames are to be entered under the last part of the name; foreign ones under the first part; (2c

Designations are to be added to distinguish writers of the same name from each other; (2d

Prefixes indicating the rank or profession of writers may be added in the heading, when they are part of the usual designation of the writers. (2e

Names of places to be given in the English form. When both an English and a vernacular form are used in English works, prefer the vernacular. (2f

TITLES.

The title is to be an exact transcript of the title-page, neither amended, translated, nor in any way altered, except that mottoes, titles of authors, repetitious, and matter of any kind not essential, are to be omitted. Where great accuracy is desirable, omissions are to be indicated by three dots (...). The titles of books especially valuable for antiquity or rarity may be given in full, with all practicable precision. The phraseology and spelling, but not necessarily the punctuation, of the title are to be exactly copied. (3a

Any additions needed to make the title clear are to be supplied and inclosed by brackets. (3b

Foreign languages.—Titles in foreign characters may be transliterated. The languages in which a book is written are to be stated when there are several, and the fact is not apparent from the title. (3j

[For the A. L. A. transliteration report, see pp. [108]–114.]

IMPRINTS.

After the place of publication, the place of printing maybe given if different. This is desirable only in rare and old books. (4j

The number of pages is to be indicated by giving the last number of each paging, connecting the numbers by the sign +; the addition of unpaged matter may be shown by a +, or the number of pages ascertained by counting may be given in brackets. When there are more than three pagings, it is better to add them together and give the sum in brackets.

These imprint entries are to give the facts, whether ascertained from the book or from other sources; those which are usually taken from the title (edition, place, publisher’s name, and series) should be in the language of the title, corrections and additions being inclosed in brackets. It is better to give the words, “maps,” “portraits,” etc., and the abbreviations for “volumes” and “pages,” in English. (4k

CONTENTS, NOTES.

Notes (in English) and contents of volumes are to be given when necessary to properly describe the works. Both notes and lists of contents to be in a smaller type. (5a

MISCELLANEOUS.

A single dash or indent indicates the omission of the preceding heading; a subsequent dash or indent indicates the omission of a subordinate heading, or of a title. (6a

A dash connecting numbers signifies to and including; following a number it signifies continuation. (6b

A ? following a word or entry signifies probably. (6c

Brackets inclose words added to titles or imprints or changed in form. (6d

Arabic figures are to be used rather than Roman; but small capitals may be used after the names of sovereigns, princes, and popes. (6e

A list of abbreviations to be used was given in the Library journal, 3: 16–20. (6f

ARRANGEMENT.

The surname when used alone precedes the same name used with forenames; where the initials only of the forenames are given, they are to precede fully written forenames beginning with the same initials (e. g., Brown; Brown, J.; Brown, J. L.; Brown, James). (7a

The prefixes M and Mc, S., St., Ste., Messrs., Mr., and Mrs., are to be arranged as if written in full, Mac, Sanctus, Saint, Sainte, Messieurs, Mister, and Mistress. (7b

The order of alphabeting is to be that of the English alphabet. (7f

The German ae, oe, ue, are always to be written ä, ö, ü, and arranged as a, o, u. (7g

Names of persons are to precede similar names of places, which in turn precede similar first words of titles. (7h

THE RULES OF THE ENGLISH LIBRARY ASSOCIATION.

The cataloguing rules of the Library Association of the United Kingdom, as revised in 1883, and published in the Library Chronicle of February, 1885, differ from the A. L. A. rules in the following points:

1. The order of the imprint is to be: edition, number of volumes, if only one volume, the number of pages, the number of separate illustrations, maps, or portraits, the size, the place of publication, the place of printing when different from that of publication, the publisher’s name, and the year.

2. All anonymous works to have the abbreviation “Anon.” added.

3. Entry under the chief subject-word of the titles of anonymous books, with a cross-reference, where advisable, under any other noticeable word.

4. Service and Prayer books used by any religious community are to be placed under the head of Liturgies, with a subhead of the religious community.

5. Names of translators, commentators, editors, and preface writers, if they do not occur in the title-page, may be added within square brackets, a cross-reference being made in each case. {104}

6. It should be noticed that sometimes the respondent and defender of a thesis are joint authors.

7. All persons generally known by a forename are to be so entered, the English form being used in the case of sovereigns, popes, ruling princes, Oriental writers, friars, and persons canonized.

[This is like the A. L. A., but differently expressed.]

8. [References are required to be always made to the first word under which a society is entered] from the name of the place where its headquarters are established.

9. Individual works to be arranged under an author in alphabetical order of titles, under the first word, not an article or a preposition having the meaning of “concerning.”

10. The German ä, ö, ü, are to be arranged as if written out in full—ae, oe, ue.

THE BODLEIAN LIBRARY RULES.

The Bodleian rules differ from the A. L. A. in the following points [71]:

1. All omissions to be indicated by a group of three dots (...). The name of the author or editor, if it occur on the title-page in the same form as in the heading, may be omitted if no ambiguity be occasioned thereby.

3. Does not capitalize titles of honor when standing instead of a proper name.

6. Puts number of volumes before place of publication. Does not give number of pages, maps, etc. In the case of books of the 15th and 16th centuries or of special value or rarity, the names of the publisher and printer are to be added after the place.

17. Commentaries with the text, editions of the text, and translations are to be entered (1) under the heading of the original work, and (2) under the name of the commentator, editor, or translator; commentaries without the text are to be entered under the same two headings, the second being placed first.

18. Editions of the entire Bible, with or without the Apocrypha, are to be entered under the word Bible: editions of parts of the Bible comprising more than one book under the words Testament (Old), Apocrypha, Testament (New), or lesser divisions such as Pentateuch, Historical books, Hagiographa, Prophets, Gospels, Paul the apostle, Epistles (General).

21. Service and prayer books of the Church of England are to be entered under the names by which they are commonly known, such as Prayer (Book of Common), Baptism (Order of), Communion (Holy), etc.: those of the Church of Rome in like manner under Missal, Breviary, Hours, etc., with a subheading of the use. Service-books of other religious communities are to be entered under the head of Liturgies, with a subheading of the religious community.

22. Separate musical compositions, accompanied by words, are to be entered under the names of the authors and translators of the words (unless these are taken from the Bible or a public service-book) as well as under those of the authors and editors of the music.

24. In the case of an academical thesis the praeses is to be considered as the author, unless the work unequivocally appears to be the work of the respondent or defender.

26. Catalogues are to be entered under the name of the compiler; also, as circumstances require, under the names of one or more of the institutions or persons now or formerly owning the collection, and, where desirable, under the name of the collection itself.

32. English and French surnames beginning with a prefix or prefixes are to be recorded under the first prefix, and surnames in other languages under the word following the last prefix—except that French names beginning with de or d’ are to be entered under the word following de or d’.

33. English compound surnames, not connected by an hyphen, are to be entered under the last part of the names [A. L. A.—under first part]: foreign ones, with or without hyphens, under the entire compound name, cross-references being given in all instances.

35. A society is to be entered under the leading word or words of its corporate name.

37. Dashes or asterisks in names and titles are to precede letters of the alphabet. {106}

N. B. The principles of arrangement in the preceding paragraphs are to be used where applicable, in other articles.

40. Biographies are to be entered under the subjects of them, as well as under the writers.

41. The order of alphabetization is to be that of the English alphabet, except that, in general, I and U before a vowel are to be arranged as J and V, and J and V before a consonant as I and U, with such cross-references as may be necessary.

42. Headings composed of more than one separate word are not to be regarded for purposes of arrangement as a single word. {107}

45. The German ä, ö, ü are to be arranged as if written out in full, ae, oe, ue.

46. Arabic figures are to used rather than Roman; but Roman figures may be used after the names of ruling princes and popes, or to designate the number of a volume or chapter when followed by a page [or division] number in Arabic figures.

50. Word-books, grammars, and alphabets are to be entered under the names of the languages to which they relate, as well as under the names of their compilers and editors—except that, where a word-book relates to two languages, or dialects, of which one is modern literary English, no separate entry needs be made in respect of the latter.

51. Long and important articles are to have an index prefixed, and subheadings may be added to the main heading in the same line, for convenience of reference.

52. Gives a list of 28 abbreviations allowable in ordinary entries.

53. The general rule regulating the use of brackets is that round brackets include notes derived from the work itself, while square brackets include notes of which the matter or form is independent of the work.

54. Single sermons are to have a note of the text added.

[71] It will be seen in several cases that, unlike the A. L. A, rules, they are designed for a library that has no subject catalogue.

MR. DEWEY’S RULES FOR A CARD CATALOGUE.