Battle Honours of the British Army / From Tangier, 1662, to the Commencement of the Reign of King Edward VII

by Charles Boswell Norman

THE PENINSULAR WAR (SECOND PHASE), 1809-1814.

To give even a summary of the campaign would be beyond the limits of this work. It is the campaign which more than any other has formed the theme for countless books, and is more or less known to every schoolboy. My scheme is merely to bring before the regimental officer and those interested in the "price of blood" the losses sustained by each corps in each action, and so to bring home to the army the anomalies that exist in the system under which battle honours have been awarded.

We have seen that the Convention of Cintra, which was the closing act of the successful campaign of Vimiera, had been received with a storm of indignation in England. When it became known that Sir Arthur Wellesley, one of the Signatories of that Convention, had been appointed to succeed the late Sir John Moore in command of the troops in Portugal, the attacks broke out afresh. The result, however, gave the lie to the arm-chair critics, for the "Sepoy General" proved a consummate master of the art of war. Landing at Lisbon on April 22, Sir Arthur struck at once. There was one French army still in Portugal, at Oporto, where Soult lay with a considerable force. Leaving a portion of his army under Beresford to watch the French main army, who were near Talavera, Wellesley moved swiftly to the north. By a masterly stroke, he threw one brigade across the Douro, and, with the loss of but 190 killed and wounded, drove Soult out of Oporto.

Douro.

is inscribed on the colours and appointments of the

14th Hussars.
Buffs.
Northamptons.
Royal Berkshires.

and commemorates this, Wellington's first victory after he had been entrusted with the supreme command in the Peninsula. In addition to the regiments which are entitled to bear this battle honour, there was a battalion of detachments engaged made up of the light companies of the 29th (Worcesters), 38th (South Staffords), 43rd and 52nd (Oxford Light Infantry), and the Rifle Brigade. The 16th Lancers, who were generally to the fore when fighting was expected, also suffered some casualties. Soult was not only surprised; he was, despite the smallness of our losses, badly beaten, and it was only Wellesley's want of cavalry which prevented his being overwhelmed with disaster. As it was, Soult only succeeded in effecting a junction with Ney by burning his baggage, throwing his guns over the mountain-side, and, by following goat-tracks, he at last escaped the English pursuit.

Casualties at the Passage of the Douro, May 10, 11, and 12, 1809.

Regiments.	Officers.		Men.
	K.	W.	K.	W.
14th Hussars	-	4	13	19
16th Lancers	-	3	-	-
20th Hussars	-	-	1	-
Royal Artillery	-	-	-	-
3rd Buffs	-	1	-	-
29th Worcester	-	-	2	7
38th S. Staffs (detachment)	-	1	-	-
48th N'ampton	-	1	-	-
52nd Oxf. L.I. (detachment)	-	1	-	-
66th Berkshire	-	3	9	26

Note.—No detailed list of the casualties in the three days' skirmishing on the Douro is appended to Sir Arthur Wellesley's despatch. On May 11 we lost 19 men killed and 62 wounded, and on the 12th 23 killed and 86 wounded. The despatch alludes to the conduct of the 20th Hussars, and of the light companies of the 29th, 43rd, and 52nd, and the riflemen of the 95th Regiment. None of these regiments have been awarded the honour. A detachment of the 83rd (Royal Irish Rifles) was present, and lost 14 men wounded.

Returning south after the success at the Douro, Wellesley at once took steps to attack the main French army, which, under Marshal Victor, with King Joseph himself as nominal leader, lay at Talavera, to the north-east of Lisbon, across the Spanish frontier.

This battle honour is borne by the

3rd Dragoon Guards.
4th Hussars.
14th Hussars.
16th Lancers.
Coldstream Guards.
Scots Guards.
Buffs.
Royal Fusiliers.
South Wales Borderers.
Gloucesters.
Worcesters.
East Surrey.
South Lancashire.
Sherwood Foresters.
Northamptons.
Royal Berkshires.
Shropshire Light Infantry.
King's Royal Rifles.
Royal Irish Rifles.
Royal Irish Fusiliers.
Connaught Rangers.

Talavera was a very different stamp of fight to anything in which our troops had been previously engaged in the Peninsula. We had but 20,000 men present, and our losses amounted to 4,000 killed and wounded, those of the French to over 7,000. The full fruits of the victory were lost owing to the failure of our Spanish allies to afford us proper support, and the British army was compelled to retire on the following day, leaving its wounded in the hands of the French. It is true that we captured 17 guns, but the fact of our retreat, coupled with the abandonment of the sick and wounded, have induced the French to claim Talavera as a French victory. Marshal Victor was created Duke of Talavera by King Joseph, while Sir Arthur Wellesley was raised to the peerage under the title of Lord Wellington,—of Wellington, in the county of Somerset, and of Talavera. The fighting was exceedingly severe, and on more than one occasion matters looked very doubtful. Sir Arthur, however, had every reason to be proud of the manner in which his men faced the tried veterans of France.

Casualties at the Battle of Talavera, July 27 and 28, 1809.

Regiments.	Officers.		Men.
	K.	W.	K.	W.
3rd Drag. Gds.	1	1	-	-
4th Hussars	-	3	-	9
14th Hussars	-	6	3	7
16th Lancers	-	1	6	5
23rd Lt. Drag.	2	4	47	46
Royal Artillery	1	3	7	23
Roy. Engineers	-	2	-	-
Coldstream Gds.	2	9	33	253
Scots Guards	5	6	49	261
3rd Buffs	-	2	6	107
7th Royal Fus.	1	3	6	53
24th S. Wales Borderers	-	10	45	274
29th Worcesters	-	7	36	140
31st E. Surrey	1	7	34	190
40th S. Lancs	-	1	17	90
45th Sherwood Foresters	-	3	13	147
48th N'ampton	-	12	34	280
53rd Shropshire L.I.	-	2	6	36
60th K.R.R.	-	7	10	29
61st Gloucesters	3	11	46	196
66th R. Berks	-	11	16	88
83rd Royal Irish Rifles	4	11	38	282
87th R. Irish Fus.	1	13	35	170
88th Connaught Rangers	3	3	19	85
97th West Kent	-	-	6	25

Note.—There were two battalions of detachments at Talavera. The one composed of the flank companies of the 52nd, 79th, and 91st lost an officer, and 74 men killed and wounded. The other, made up from the 28th, 35th, 38th, 42nd, and 43rd, had 194 casualties.

The Cameron Highlanders lost 9 killed and 28 wounded at Talavera.

Busaco, September 27, 1810.

At Talavera Wellington realized that he was too weak to cope in the field with the immense forces that France had poured into the Peninsula. His plan of campaign now was to wear the enemy down until he should have organized the Portuguese and Spanish armies. He therefore retired once more into Portugal, and commenced that systematic defence of the kingdom which ultimately led to the destruction of French pretensions in the Iberian Peninsula. By the summer of 1810 Napoleon had 300,000 men in Spain. By that time Wellington had thrown up the famous lines of Torres Vedras, behind the shelter of which the task of reorganizing the Portuguese army proceeded apace. The winter of 1809-10 was passed without any open conflict. It was not until the end of September, 1810, that the next great fight was fought, when Wellington, with 50,000 men, barred Massena's advance at the Ridge of Busaco.

This battle honour has been conferred on the

Royal Scots.
Northumberland Fusiliers.
Royal Fusiliers.
Norfolks.
South Wales Borderers.
Gloucesters.
Royal Highlanders.
South Staffords.
Oxford Light Infantry.
Sherwood Foresters.
King's Royal Rifles.
Highland Light Infantry.
Cameron Highlanders.
Connaught Rangers.
Royal Irish Rifles.
Rifle Brigade.

Our losses are tabulated below. Those of the French amounted to 4,400 killed and wounded, including 5 General Officers.

Casualties at the Battle of Busaco, September 27, 1810.

Regiments.	Officers.		Men.
	K.	W.	K.	W.
Royal Artillery	-	-	1	7
14th Hussars	-	-	-	3
16th Lancers	-	1	-	-
1st Royal Scots	-	-	-	2
5th Northumberland Fus.	-	-	1	7
7th Royal Fus.	-	1	1	22
9th Norfolk	-	1	5	18
24th S. Wales Borderers	-	1	-	-
38th S. Stafford	-	1	5	17
42nd Black Watch	-	-	-	7
43rd Oxf. L.I.	-	-	-	7
45th Sherwood Foresters	3	4	25	109
50th Royal W. Kent	-	1	-	-
52nd Oxf. L.I.	-	2	3	10
60th K.R.R.	-	5	3	16
74th Highl. L.I.	1	1	6	21
79th Cameron Highlanders	1	2	11	41
83rd Royal Irish Rifles	-	1	-	4
88th Connaught Rangers	1	7	29	95
95th Rifle Brig.	-	-	9	22

Wellington had once more shown his men that they were more than a match for the French in the field, but he still clung to his old plan of campaign, and, retiring behind the lines of Torres Vedras, prepared to wear the enemy down. The winter was passed with the English secure within their formidable entrenchments at Torres Vedras, the French starving outside. We held the command of the sea, and, with the Tagus in his rear, Wellington was able to feed his men without difficulty, to replenish supplies, and to continue the reorganization and training of the Portuguese army. In the South of Spain the French were showing renewed activity and Wellington detached a division under General Graham to afford support to the garrison of Cadiz. This the stout old Scotsman did most effectually by attacking Victor at Barrosa.

Barrosa, March 4, 1811.

This distinction is borne on the colours of the

Grenadier Guards.
Coldstream Guards.
Scots Guards.
Gloucesters.
Hampshires.
Royal Irish Fusiliers
Rifle Brigade.

Here a little British division not 4,000 strong overthrew double the number of Frenchmen, capturing six guns and two eagles. The subjoined list of casualties shows that others besides the regiments which are authorized to emblazon this battle honour on their colours did their duty as Englishmen on that March day. There seems no valid reason why the Norfolks, North Lancashires, South Lancashires, and the Rifle Brigade should not be permitted to assume this honour, albeit the headquarters of those regiments were not present in the engagement.

Casualties at the Battle of Barrosa, March 4, 1811.

Regiments.	Officers.		Men.
	K.	W.	K.	W.
Grenadier Gds.	2	8	33	177
Coldstream Guards	1	2	8	46
Scots Guards	1	1	14	85
Royal Artillery	-	8	6	40
Roy. Engineers	-	-	1	2
28th Gloucester	-	8	16	135
67th Hampshire	-	4	10	30
87th R. Irish F.	1	4	44	124
9th Norfolk (flank cos.)	-	4	8	56
47th N. Lancs (flank cos.)	1	1	20	49
82nd S. Lancs (flank cos.)	-	2	8	89
95th Rifle Brig.	1	3	14	48

Note.—A battalion composed of the flank companies of the 9th (Norfolk), 28th (Gloucester), and 82nd (South Lancashire) went into action 475 bayonets; its losses were 225 non-commissioned officers and men killed and wounded. A fellow battalion of the flank companies of the 47th and three companies of the 95th (Rifle Brigade) lost 130 men out of 594.

Fuentes d'Onor, May 5, 1811.

In March, 1811, Massena, with his army much worn with the hard winter blockade outside Torres Vedras, fell back into Spain, closely followed by Wellington. Then ensued a number of rearguard actions which are not inscribed on our colours, but which brought out, on the one hand, the capacity of Ney as a rearguard commander, and, on the other, the admirable handling of our own Light Division of immortal fame. Pressing Massena back, Wellington endeavoured to relieve the beleaguered garrison of Ciudad Rodrigo with his own army, and detached Beresford to perform the same action with regard to Badajoz, and so it came about that within a few days of each other two general actions were fought.

Fuentes d'Onor is borne on the colours or appointments of the

1st Royal Dragoons.
16th Lancers.
14th Hussars.
Scots Guards.
Coldstream Guards.
Royal Highlanders.
Oxford Light Infantry.
South Wales Borderers.
King's Own (Yorkshire Light Infantry).
Sherwood Foresters.
Shropshire Light Infantry.
Highland Light Infantry.
King's Royal Rifles.
Cameron Highlanders.
Gordon Highlanders.
Connaught Rangers.
Royal Irish Rifles.
Rifle Brigade.

Casualties at the Battle of Fuentes d'Onor, May 3-5, 1811.

Regiments.	Officers.		Men.
	K.	W.	K.	W.
1st Roy. Drag.	-	4	1	36
14th Hussars	-	5	4	28
16th Lancers	-	2	7	16
Royal Artillery	-	3	6	22
Roy. Engineers	-	-	-	-
Coldstream Gds.	-	1	4	49
Scots Guards	1	1	5	52
24th S. Wales B.	1	-	6	21
42nd Black Wat.	-	1	3	29
45th Sherwood Foresters	-	-	3	1
51st K.O. Yorks L.I.	-	-	-	5
King's Roy. R.	-	4	3	21
71st Highl. L.I.	3	8	28	105
74th Highl. L.I.	1	3	3	63
79th Cameron Highlanders	3	11	58	166
85th Shropshire L.I.	1	3	12	37
83rd R. Irish R.	1	1	6	36
88th Connaught Rangers	1	2	12	53
92nd Gordon Highlanders	-	3	7	43
95th Rifle Brig.	1	1	3	19

The feature of the action was the marvellous gallantry of a troop of horse artillery under Norman Ramsay, which, though surrounded by the French, cut its way through the hostile hosts, and, amidst the tumultuous applause of the whole army, rejoined Wellington, with guns intact, but with the loss of half its men.

The following regiments appear in the casualty returns published in the London Gazette, but do not yet bear the battle honour:

Regiments.	Officers.		Men.
	K.	W.	K.	W.
Royal Scots	-	-	-	9
5th Northumberland Fus.	-	-	-	7
9th Norfolk	-	-	-	4
30th E. Lancs	-	-	-	4
50th West Kent	-	2	3	24
94th Connaught Rangers	-	-	-	7

Albuera, May 16, 1811.

Ten days after Wellington had defeated Massena at Fuentes d'Onor, Beresford, at the head of 32,000 men, of whom only 8,000 were English, repulsed a determined attack on the part of Soult at Albuera. This battle, which was one of the most severe ever fought by British troops, is recorded on the colours of the

3rd Dragoon Guards.
4th Hussars.
13th Hussars.
Buffs.
Royal Fusiliers.
Royal Welsh Fusiliers.
Gloucester.
Worcesters.
East Surrey.
Border Regiment.
Dorsets.
Northamptons.
Royal Berkshire.
Middlesex.
King's Royal Rifles.

The Allies were undoubtedly superior in numbers, but the brunt of the fighting fell on the British division, which lost 3,500 out of 8,000 engaged. The French losses amounted to upwards of 8,000 killed and wounded.

The following table, published in the London Gazette, shows once more that battle honours are bestowed in a very capricious fashion:

Casualties at the Battle of Albuera.

Regiments.	Officers.		Men.
	K.	W.	K.	W.
3rd Drag. Gds.	1	-	9	9
4th Hussars	-	2	3	17
13th Hussars	-	-	-	1
Royal Artillery	-	1	3	10
Roy. Engineers	2	2	-	3
Buffs	4	14	212	234
2nd Batt. Royal Fusiliers	2	28	112	563
Royal Welsh Fusiliers	2	11	74	245
29th Worcesters	5	12	75	232
31st E. Surrey	-	7	29	119
34th Border Regiment	3	4	30	91
39th Dorsets	1	4	14	77
48th N'ampton (2nd Batt.)	7	23	116	276
57th Middlesex	2	21	87	318
King's Roy. R.	-	1	2	18
66th R. Berks	3	12	52	104

Note.—In the casualties for Albuera I have included the losses on May 15, the previous day.

The following regiments figure in the official casualty returns, but they have not as yet been authorized to assume the battle honour:

Regiments.	Officers.		Men.
	K.	W.	K.	W.
27th Inniskillgs.	-	3	8	66
28th Gloucester	-	6	27	131
40th S. Lancs	-	3	10	18
97th R.W. Kent	-	-	7	21

It will be remarked that, whereas the 13th Hussars, with the loss of one man wounded, has been awarded the distinction, the Gloucesters, which lost a total of 164 killed and wounded, has been denied it.

Almaraz, May 19, 1811.

Royal West Kent.
Highland Light Infantry.
Gordon Highlanders.

This battle honour is borne on the colours and appointments of the above regiments for their conduct in one of the many sharp little engagements under that brilliant tactician General, afterwards Viscount, Hill, who in his despatch calling special attention to the services of the 50th (West Kent) and 71st (Highland Light Infantry), added: "Nor can I avoid mentioning the steadiness of the 6th Portuguese Regiment and two companies of the 60th Rifles." Particular stress also was laid on the conduct of the 13th Hussars in capturing some of the enemy's guns. Neither the 13th Hussars nor the King's Royal Rifles have as yet been permitted to assume this distinction.

Casualties at the Action of Almaraz, May 19, 1811.

Regiments.	Officers.		Men.
	K.	W.	K.	W.
Royal Artillery	-	-	-	3
Roy. Engineers	-	1	-	-
28th Gloucesters	-	-	-	2
50th West Kent	1	7	27	93
71st Highland L.I.	-	4	8	28
92nd Gordon Highlanders	-	-	-	2

Note.—Our trophies at Almaraz included the Standard of the 4th Battalion of the "Corps Etrangères," taken by the 71st, and eighteen guns.

Arroyos dos Molinos, October 28, 1811.

This distinction is only to be found on the colours of the Border Regiment.

Like Almaraz, it was one of the many engagements fought by Hill's division single-handed, and it has always been a matter of keen jealousy—if such a word can be used—on the part of the other regiments present that they have been denied the privilege of inscribing this battle honour on their colours. Lord Hill in his despatch laid no especial stress on the conduct of the 34th; indeed, his highest praise was reserved for the two Highland regiments, the 71st and the 92nd. Hill's division consisted of:

Howard's Brigade: The 50th (West Kent), 71st (Highland Light Infantry), and the 92nd (Gordon Highlanders).

Wilson's Brigade: The 28th (Gloucesters), 34th (Border Regiment), 39th (Dorsets), and a Portuguese battalion.

Erskine's Brigade of Cavalry: The 9th and 16th Lancers, with a couple of batteries of artillery.

The French occupied the town of Arroyos dos Molinos, when, to use Hill's own words, "The 71st and 92nd charged into the town with cheers, and drove the enemy out at the point of the bayonet." Wilson's brigade had been sent round to attack the enemy in the rear, and the 50th (West Kent) supporting the Highlanders, secured the prisoners, whilst the 28th (Gloucesters) and the 34th (Borderers) pursued the flying French until the arrival of the cavalry enabled them to follow up the enemy. One general and 35 other officers, with upwards of 1,000 men, were taken, our total casualties being but 65 of all ranks killed and wounded. On more than one occasion the Gordon Highlanders have applied to be permitted to assume this distinction, but whilst conceding the valuable part they played at Arroyos dos Molinos, the War Office have declined to accede to their request on the plea that the battle honour was conferred on the 34th in lieu of a particoloured pom-pom to their shako. As the present generation of soldiers apply the term "pom-pom" to a man-destroying weapon, and not to the ornament of infantry headgear, and as shakos have been relegated to museums, it might be fitting to reopen the vexed question of this battle honour.

Casualties of the Action of Arroyos dos Molinos, October 28, 1811.

Regiments.	Officers.		Men.
	K.	W.	K.	W.
9th Lancers	-	-	-	-
13th Hussars	-	-	-	-
Royal Artillery	-	-	-	-
28th Gloucesters	-	-	-	-
34th Border	-	-	-	-
50th West Kent	-	-	-	-
60th King's Roy. Rifles	-	-	-	-
71st Highland L.I.	-	-	-	-
92nd Gordon Highlanders	-	4	3	7

Note.—I have been unable to trace any record of the losses of individual regiments, except in the case of the 92nd.

Tarifa, December, 1811.

This distinction is borne on the colours of the North Lancashire Regiment and the Royal Irish Fusiliers, in recognition of their services in the gallant defence of the fortress of Tarifa in the month of December, 1811. General Skerrett in his despatch drew particular attention to the conduct of the companies of the Rifle Brigade which were also present. The casualty list which I append shows that this battle honour was earned without a great effusion of blood.

Casualties at Tarifa, December, 1811.

Regiments.	Officers.		Men.
	K.	W.	K.	W.
Royal Engineers	-	-	-	1
47th Loyal N. Lancashires	1	2	-	5
Royal Artillery	-	-	-	2
87th Roy. Irish Fusiliers	-	2	5	21
95th Rifle Brig.	-	-	3	17

Ciudad Rodrigo, January, 1812.

This hardly-earned battle honour has been awarded to the

Northumberland Fusiliers.
Oxford Light Infantry.
Sherwood Foresters.
Middlesex Regiment.
King's Royal Rifles.
Highland Light Infantry.
Royal Irish Rifles.
Connaught Rangers.
Rifle Brigade.

It will be seen from a glance at the appended casualty returns that a great many other regiments were present during the operations connected with the siege and capture of this fortress from the French, notably the Coldstream and Scots Guards. The losses of the two Battalions of Guards and of the Northamptons were far heavier than those of some of the regiments to whom the distinction of this battle honour has been granted.

Casualties at the Siege and Capture of Ciudad Rodrigo.

Regiments.	Officers.		Men.
	K.	W.	K.	W.
Royal Artillery	-	2	1	19
Roy. Engineers	1	5	-	2
Coldstream Gds.	-	-	1	10
Scots Guards	-	-	4	17
Northumberland Fusiliers	1	8	35	58
Roy. Fusiliers	-	-	2	8
Royal Welsh Fusiliers	-	-	2	18
South Wales Borderers	-	-	3	19
40th S. Lancs	-	-	3	19
42nd Royal Highlanders	-	-	1	14
43rd Oxford L.I.	-	3	9	45
45th Sherwood Foresters	3	4	15	29
48th N'amptons	-	4	15	43
52nd Oxford L.I.	1	5	7	52
King's Roy. R.	-	1	1	5
74th Highland L.I.	-	4	5	17
77th Middlesex	-	5	14	31
83rd Roy. Irish Rifles	-	2	10	31
88th Connaught Rangers	-	6	10	47
94th Connaught Rangers	2	7	11	51
95th Rifle Brig.	-	6	9	47

Note.—The Coldstream and Scots Guards figure in the casualty returns for Ciudad Rodrigo, but do not bear the honour.

Badajoz, March and April, 1812.

The losses incurred by the army under Wellington during the siege and at the assault of this fortress were most severe. The battle honour is borne by the

King's Own (Lancaster).
Northumberland Fusiliers.
Royal Fusiliers.
Royal Welsh Fusiliers.
Inniskilling Fusiliers.
East Lancashire.
South Staffords.
South Lancashire.
Oxford Light Infantry.
Essex.
Sherwood Foresters.
Northamptons.
Middlesex.
King's Royal Rifles.
Highland Light Infantry.
Royal Irish Rifles.
Connaught Rangers.
Rifle Brigade.

In the year 1811 Wellington had made an unsuccessful attempt to seize Badajos, in which we suffered heavy loss. Now, with this fortress and Ciudad Rodrigo in his hands, the French were deprived of any rallying-point on the road to Madrid, and the English Commander-in-Chief at once opened a determined offensive campaign. The gallantry displayed by our men at the assault are graphically described by Napier and by many contemporary historians, French and English; it only remains for me to record the part played by each unit in the memorable siege.

Casualties at the Siege and Assault of Badajoz.

Regiments.	Officers.		Men.
	K.	W.	K.	W.
Royal Artillery	2	4	27	48
Roy. Engineers	3	7	5	21
Royal Scots	-	-	-	2
K. O. Lancs	2	15	40	173
Northumberland Fusiliers	1	4	20	55
Roy. Fusiliers	5	12	50	147
Royal Welsh Fusiliers	3	15	31	123
27th Roy. Inniskilling Fus.[16]	5	20	51	303
30th E. Lancs	-	6	38	88
38th S. Staffs	1	4	12	25
40th S. Lancs[16]	2	24	83	387
43rd Oxford L.I.	3	15	74	255
44th Essex	2	7	37	88
45th Sherwood Foresters	4	11	46	132
51st K.O. Yorks L.I.[16]	1	3	26	75
52nd Oxford L.I.	5	16	66	295
King's Royal Rifles	1	4	6	37
74th Highland L.I.	2	11	20	104
77th Middlesex	-	4	3	26
83rd Royal Irish Rifles	3	7	31	76
88th Connaught Rangers	5	10	55	180
92nd Gordon Highlanders	-	1	-	-
94th Connaught Rangers	1	3	14	77
97th W. Kent[16]	-	5	16	80
95th Rifle Brig.	8	16	61	297

Salamanca, July 22, 1812.

This was the first battle on a large scale ever fought by Wellington, and its name is borne on the colours and appointments of the

5th Dragoon Guards.
3rd Hussars.
4th Hussars.
11th Hussars.
14th Hussars.
16th Lancers.
Royal Scots.
Queen's.
King's Own.
Northumberland Fusiliers.
Royal Fusiliers.
Norfolks.
Devons.
Royal Welsh Fusiliers.
South Wales Borderers.
Inniskilling Fusiliers.
Gloucesters.
Worcester.
East Lancashires.
Cornwall Light Infantry.
South Staffords.
South Lancashire.
Oxford Light Infantry.
Essex.
Sherwood Foresters.
Northamptons.
King's Own (Yorkshire Light Infantry).
Shropshire Light Infantry.
King's Royal Rifles.
Durham Light Infantry.
Highland Light Infantry.
Cameron Highlanders.
Royal Irish Rifles.
Connaught Rangers.
Rifle Brigade.

Casualties at the Battle of Salamanca, July 22, 1812.

Regiments.	Officers.		Men.
	K.	W.	K.	W.
General Staff	2	5	-	-
5th Drag. Gds.	-	2	9	42
3rd Hussars	1	-	6	11
4th Hussars	-	1	7	21
12th Lancers	1	-	2	2
14th Hussars	-	-	1	7
16th Lancers	-	-	-	-
Royal Artillery	-	-	2	6
Coldstream Gds.	-	1	7	22
Scots Guards	-	1	1	20
Royal Scots	-	8	23	131
Queen's	1	6	13	77
K.O. Lancs.	-	1	2	40
N'umberland F.	-	8	11	131
Royal Fusiliers	1	10	19	168
Norfolk	-	1	3	42
Devon	1	15	44	281
Royal Welsh Fusiliers	1	6	9	90
27th Inniskilling Fusiliers	-	1	1	7
30th E. Lancs	-	1	3	22
32nd Cornwall L.I.	2	9	15	111
36th Worcester	4	4	16	74
38th S. Staffs	2	14	23	155
40th S. Lancs	-	5	12	115
42nd Bk. Watch	-	-	-	3
43rd Oxford L.I.	-	1	1	15
44th Essex	2	-	4	23
45th Sherwood Foresters	-	5	5	45
48th N'ampton	-	10	9	60
51st K.O. Yorks L.I.	-	-	-	2
52nd Oxford L.I.	-	-	-	2
53rd Shropshire L.I.	-	11	26	105
58th N'ampton	-	-	-	3
60th K.R.R.	-	3	6	24
61st Gloucester	5	19	38	303
68th Durham L.I.	1	2	3	14
74th Highland L.I.	-	2	3	41
79th Cameron Highlanders	-	-	-	1
83rd Roy. Irish Rifles	-	2	13	30
88th Connaught Rangers	2	4	11	110
94th Connaught Rangers	1	3	3	21
95th Rifle Brig.	-	-	3	24

Note.—It will be remarked that both the Coldstream and the Scots Guards figure in the casualty returns, but they have not been authorized to bear the honour.

In actual numbers the two armies were evenly matched, Wellington having some 42,000 men against an equal number of the French. There were, however, nearly 15,000 Portuguese in the allied army, and no one could assert that they were the equal of 15,000 British. The victory was complete. Our casualties, though severe, were little more than half of those sustained by the French, who lost upwards of 8,000 killed and wounded, whilst twelve cannon and two eagles remained in our hands. The road was now open to Madrid, and on August 12 Wellington entered that capital in triumph.

In the month of October came a damper in the shape of a decided reverse at Burgos, and the winter was spent by Wellington in reorganizing his forces for the final struggle in the coming summer. The French were heavily engaged in Eastern Europe, and Napoleon was unable to spare large bodies of men for the war in Spain. The stars in their courses were fighting for Wellington.

Vittoria, June 21, 1813.

This victory, which gave Wellington his baton of Field-Marshal, is borne on the colours of the

3rd Dragoon Guards.
5th Dragoon Guards.
3rd Hussars.
4th Hussars.
13th Hussars.
14th Hussars.
15th Hussars.
16th Lancers.
Royal Scots.
Queen's.
Buffs.
King's Own.
Northumberland Fusiliers.
Royal Warwicks.
Norfolk.
Lancashire Fusiliers.
South Wales Borderers.
Royal Fusiliers.
Royal Welsh Fusiliers.
Inniskilling Fusiliers.
Gloucesters.
East Lancashire.
East Surrey.
Border.
South Staffords.
Dorsets.
South Lancashire.
Oxford Light Infantry.
Sherwood Foresters.
Northamptons.
North Lancashire.
Royal Berkshires.
Royal West Kent.
King's Own (Yorkshire Light Infantry).
Shropshire Light Infantry.
Middlesex.
King's Royal Rifles.
Durham Light Infantry.
Highland Light Infantry.
Gordon Highlanders.
Royal Irish Rifles.
Royal Irish Fusiliers.
Connaught Rangers.
Rifle Brigade.

Casualties at Vittoria, June 21, 1813.

Regiments.	Officers.		Men.
	K.	W.	K.	W.
General Staff	-	8	-	-
3rd Dragoon Guards	-	1	3	3
5th Dragoon Guards	-	-	-	1
3rd Hussars	-	-	-	1
10th Hussars	-	-	6	10
11th Hussars	-	1	-	-
12th Lancers	1	-	3	8
13th Hussars	-	-	1	1
15th Hussars	-	2	10	47
16th Hussars	-	2	7	12
18th Hussars	1	2	10	21
Royal Artillery	-	1	9	53
Roy. Engineers	-	1	-	-
Royal Scots	-	7	8	96
King's Own Lancaster	2	6	11	72
Northumberland Fusiliers	2	6	22	132
Royal Fusiliers	-	-	2	2
Lancs Fusiliers	-	-	3	1
Royal Welsh Fusiliers	-	-	1	3
27th Inniskilling Fusiliers	-	3	7	32
28th Gloucester	-	17	12	171
31st E. Surrey	-	1	1	13
34th Border	-	3	10	63
38th S. Staffs	-	2	-	6
39th Dorset	-	8	28	181
40th S. Lancs	-	3	5	34
43rd Oxford L.I.	-	2	2	25
45th Sherwood Foresters	-	4	4	66
47th N. Lancs	2	4	18	88
48th N'ampton	-	-	1	18
50th Roy. West Kent	-	7	27	70
51st K.O. Yorks. L.I.	1	1	10	20
52nd Oxford L.I.	1	1	3	18
53rd Shropshire L.I.	-	-	4	6
57th Middlesex	-	2	5	21
59th E. Lancs	-	8	11	125
60th K.R.R.	-	2	2	47
66th Berkshire	-	1	2	22
68th Durham L.I.	2	10	23	91
71st Highland L.I.	3	12	41	260
74th Highland L.I.	-	5	13	64
82nd S. Lancs	1	3	5	22
83rd Royal Irish Rifles	3	4	32	74
87th Royal Irish Fusiliers	1	7	84	177
88th Connaught Rangers	-	5	23	187
92nd Gordon Highlanders	-	-	4	16
94th Connaught Rangers	-	7	5	59
95th Rifle Brig.	1	6	11	61

In this battle Wellington, for the first time, had a decided superiority in numbers, having close on 80,000 men opposed to but 62,000 of the French; but it must be conceded that the 20,000 Portuguese were by no means of the same value as 20,000 British infantry. The victory was undisputed. Practically the whole of the French artillery—no less than 143 guns, with 1,000 prisoners—fell into our hands, and upwards of a million in treasure was the booty. The personal effects of King Joseph and an immense quantity of material was also taken. Our casualties amounted to more than 4,000 killed and wounded; those of the French to upwards of 6,000.

Amongst the cavalry regiments which suffered losses at Vittoria, but which have not yet been authorized to assume the battle honour, are the 12th Lancers and 15th and 18th Hussars.[17]

Pyrenees, July 28 to August 2, 1813.

This battle honour was granted as a distinction commemorative of the three days' hard fighting in the Pyrenees between July 28 and August 1, 1813. It is borne by the following regiments:

14th Hussars.
Queen's.
Buffs.
Royal Fusiliers.
Royal Warwicks.
Lancashire Fusiliers.
Devons.
South Wales Borderers.
Royal Welsh Fusiliers.
Gloucesters.
Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers.
East Surrey.
Worcesters.
Border.
Cornwall Light Infantry.
South Lancashire.
Dorsets.
Oxford Light Infantry.
Royal Highlanders.
Sherwood Foresters.
Northamptons.
Royal Berkshire.
Royal West Kent.
King's Own (Yorkshire Light Infantry).
Middlesex.
Shropshire Light Infantry.
King's Royal Rifles.
Durham Light Infantry.
Highland Light Infantry.
Gordon Highlanders.
Cameron Highlanders.
Argyll Highlanders.
Rifle Brigade.

Battlefields in SPAIN & PORTUGAL

There were many reasons which compelled Wellington to refrain from prosecuting a vigorous pursuit after the decisive victory of Vittoria. The French were in possession of the two fortresses of Pampeluna and San Sebastian in the north, and they were far superior in numbers to the Allies in the south of the Peninsula. He pushed the enemy back slowly to the frontier, and at the same time he detached two of his own divisions, under Sir Thomas Graham, to reduce San Sebastian, whilst he entrusted the task of besieging Pampeluna to the Spaniards, resolving that, as soon as these two fortresses were in his possession, he would continue the work of expelling the French from the Peninsula. Emboldened by Lord Wellington's tactics, Soult turned and attacked the English at Roncesvalles and in the Maya Pass. At the latter engagement we were compelled to fall back, leaving some prisoners in the hands of the French; but reinforcements coming up, Wellington resumed the offensive, and by August 1 had once more driven the French to the north of the Pyrenees. The fighting during these few days was excessively severe, our casualties amounting to upwards of 4,000 of all ranks killed and wounded.

Casualties in the Actions in the Pyrenees, July 25 to August 2, 1813.

Regiments.	Officers.		Men.
	K.	W.	K.	W.
Royal Artillery	-	1	1	19
2nd Queen's	-	1	1	9
3rd Buffs	1	1	3	27
6th Royal Warwicks	1	7	14	140
7th Royal Fus.	1	10	52	187
11th Devons	-	4	7	62
20th Lancs Fusiliers	3	17	38	189
23rd Royal Welsh Fus.	3	8	23	85
24th S. Wales Borderers	-	-	-	1
27th Royal Inniskillings	3	11	58	228
28th Gloucester	1	6	9	121
31st E. Surrey	-	3	2	37
32nd Cornwall L.I.	-	4	4	51
34th Border R.	1	5	48	122
36th Worcesters	-	3	8	35
39th Dorsets	2	7	11	118
40th S. Lancs	2	10	22	197
42nd Royal Highlanders	-	-	4	26
45th Derbysh.	-	1	-	7
48th N'amptons	2	10	12	109
50th West Kent	3	12	30	198
51st K.O.Y.L.I.	-	-	7	62
53rd Shrops. L.I.	-	1	1	20
57th Middlesex	-	3	4	68
58th N'ampton	-	6	10	61
60th Royal R.	2	6	8	72
61st Gloucesters	-	4	3	38
68th Durham L.I.	1	3	8	41
71st Highland L.I.	2	7	28	181
74th Highland L.I.	1	4	6	38
79th Cameron H.	-	1	5	47
82nd S. Lancs	4	6	17	146
91st H'landers	-	7	13	100
92nd Gordon Highlanders	-	26	55	363
95th Rifle Brig.	-	2	7	28

San Sebastian, August, 1813.

On July 18, 1817, the following regiments were permitted to assume the battle honour for their services at the siege and capture of this fortress:

Royal Scots.
King's Own (Lancaster).
Norfolks.
East Lancashire.
South Staffords.
North Lancashire.

Immediately after the Battle of Vittoria, Lord Wellington detached two divisions to besiege this fortress, the possession of which was a necessary prelude to his further pursuit of the French. Unfortunately, our army was ill-provided with material for a siege, and two months were spent before the place was taken. Our losses during the siege and in the two assaults were very severe, as the accompanying casualty returns prove:

Casualties at the Siege and Assault of San Sebastian, July and August, 1813.

Regiments.	Officers.		Men.
	K.	W.	K.	W.
Royal Artillery	4	7	4	20
Roy. Engineers	3	3	14	111
Coldstream Gds.	-	1	3	20
Scots Guards	-	-	1	24
Royal Scots	8	15	118	310
2nd Queen's	-	-	1	1
4th K.O. Lancs.	5	6	117	170
7th Royal Fus.	-	-	-	6
9th Norfolks	6	12	62	177
20th Lancashire Fusiliers	1	1	2	9
23rd Roy. Welsh Fusiliers	-	1	4	4
27th Roy. Inniskilling Fusiliers	1	-	5	2
38th South Staffords	5	12	33	174
40th South Lancashires	-	1	3	8
43rd Oxford L.I.	1	-	2	10
47th Loy. North Lancs	7	6	106	130
48th N. Staffs	-	1	4	1
52nd Oxford L.I.	1	2	1	7
53rd Shropshire L.I.	-	-	2	1
59th E. Lancs	8	12	109	208
95th Rifle Brig.	-	2	7	1

Nivelle, November 10, 1813.

The battle honour for this hard-fought action is borne by the

Queen's.
Buffs.
Northumberland Fusiliers.
Royal Warwicks.
Devons.
Royal Welsh Fusiliers.
South Wales Borderers.
Inniskilling Fusiliers.
Gloucesters.
Worcesters.
East Surrey.
Cornwall Light Infantry.
Border.
Dorsets.
South Lancashire.
Royal Highlanders.
Oxford Light Infantry.
Sherwood Foresters.
Northamptons.
Royal Berkshires.
King's Own (Yorkshire Light Infantry).
Shropshire Light Infantry.
Middlesex.
King's Royal Rifles.
Durham Light Infantry.
Highland L.I.
Royal Irish Rifles.
Royal Irish Fusiliers.
Cameron Highlanders.
Argyll Highlanders.
Connaught Rangers.
Rifle Brigade.

Casualties at the Battle of the Nivelle, November 13, 1813.

Regiments.	Officers.		Men.
	K.	W.	K.	W.
General Staff	5	-	-	-
Royal Artillery	1	-	-	-
12th Lancers	-	-	-	1
Coldstream Guards	-	1	-	9
2nd Queen's	-	-	2	26
Buffs	-	1	3	8
K.O. Lancs.	-	1	1	4
5th Northumberland Fus.	-	2	15	109
Roy. Warwicks	-	-	1	6
Devons	-	5	3	38
S. Wales Bord.	-	2	-	5
27th Inniskilling Fusiliers	1	3	9	51
28th Gloucester	-	-	-	2
31st E. Surrey	-	1	1	13
34th Border R.	-	-	1	2
38th S. Staffs	-	2	-	2
39th Dorsets	-	-	1	5
40th S. Lancs	1	6	15	80
42nd B. Watch	-	2	-	25
43rd Oxford L.I.	2	9	6	60
45th Sherwood Foresters	-	-	-	1
48th N'amptons	-	4	7	57
51st K.O. Yorks L.I.	2	2	22	73
52nd Oxford L.I.	-	6	34	202
53rd Shropshire L.I.	-	1	3	20
57th Middlesex	2	7	5	50
58th N'ampton	-	-	-	3
59th E. Lancs	-	-	1	2
King's Roy. R.	1	3	7	58
61st Gloucester	2	5	5	37
66th Berkshire	-	2	5	32
68th Durham L.I.	2	6	7	32
76th W. Riding	-	-	-	1
79th Cameron Highlanders	-	1	6	44
82nd S. Lancs.	-	6	9	58
83rd Royal Irish Rifles	-	4	7	36
84th York and Lancaster	-	-	2	5
85th Shropshire L.I.	1	-	-	13
87th Roy. Irish Fusiliers	1	5	74	133
91st Argyll Highlanders	1	6	13	105
94th Connaught Rangers	1	2	10	60
95th Rifle Brig.	-	8	11	76

Wellington had made all his preparations for a general advance so soon as he should be in possession of the two fortresses of San Sebastian and Pampeluna. The former fell into our hands on August 31, but Pampeluna held out until the last days of October. Directly he was apprised of its fall, Wellington commenced his advance. Soult had profited by the delay, and had constructed three strongly entrenched positions, each of which was held with determination. The first has not been inscribed on our colours; the second was on the banks of the River Nivelle, and before the French were driven from it Wellington had lost upwards of 1,200 men. It is worthy of note that, though the Coldstream Guards figure in the casualty return, they have not been awarded the battle honour of Nivelle.

Nive, December 9 to 13, 1813.

This distinction is borne on the colours of the

16th Lancers.
Grenadier Guards.
Coldstream Guards.
Scots Guards.
Buffs.
Royal Scots.
Norfolk.
King's Own (Lancaster).
Gloucesters.
Devons.
East Lancashire.
Worcesters.
Cornwall Light Infantry.
East Surrey.
Border.
West Riding.
Dorset.
Royal Highlanders.
South Staffords.
Loyal North Lancashires.
Oxford Light Infantry.
Royal Berkshire.
West Kent.
Shropshire Light Infantry.
Middlesex.
King's Royal Rifles.
Wiltshires.
York and Lancaster.
Highland Light Infantry.
Gordon Highlanders.
Cameron Highlanders.
Argyll Highlanders.
Rifle Brigade.

This was Soult's last stand before he was driven across the frontier, and, as the casualty lists show, a very gallant stand did he make on those four December days. The heavy losses incurred by the Grenadier and Scots Guards failed to obtain for the Household Brigade this well-merited battle honour until the month of August, 1910, but full justice has not yet been done to the Brigade of Guards for its gallant services at Ciudad Rodrigo, Salamanca, and Sebastian.

Casualties during the Crossing of the Nive, December 9 to 13, 1813.

Regiments.	Officers.		Men.
	K.	W.	K.	W.
General Staff	7	6	-	-
Royal Artillery	-	-	2	15
13th Hussars	-	-	-	3
14th Hussars	-	-	2	3
16th Lancers	-	-	2	5
Grenadier Gds.	2	2	21	126
Coldstream Gds.	-	1	-	13
Scots Guards	1	3	7	54
Royal Scots	-	13	7	111
K.O. Lancs	-	15	13	154
Norfolk	2	6	26	160
Devons	-	1	1	16
28th Gloucester	-	5	13	129
31st E. Surrey	-	2	2	32
32nd Cornwall L.I.	-	-	2	5
34th Border R.	-	-	1	12
36th Worcesters	-	-	-	3
38th S. Staffs	-	4	12	90
39th Dorsets	-	1	3	26
42nd B. Watch	2	1	-	11
43rd Oxford L.I.	-	-	12	22
47th N. Lancs	-	2	12	53
50th West Kent	-	11	20	92
52nd Oxford L.I.	-	3	2	15
57th Middlesex	3	4	7	113
59th E. Lancs	-	11	18	136
60th K.R.R.	-	2	9	76
61st Gloucesters	-	2	-	4
66th Berkshire	-	1	9	68
71st Highland L.I.	3	9	27	100
76th W. Riding	-	-	1	15
79th Cameron Highlanders	-	1	5	26
84th York and Lancaster	2	6	24	100
85th K.O. Shrop. L.I.	-	1	1	11
91st Argyll Highlanders	-	-	7	47
92nd Gordon Highlanders	4	10	27	140
95th Rifle Brig.	1	1	9	71

Orthes, February 27, 1814.

This, the first battle fought by Wellington on French soil, is borne on the colours of the

7th Hussars.
13th Hussars.
14th Hussars.
Buffs.
Northumberland Fusiliers.
Royal Warwicks.
Royal Fusiliers.
Devons.
Lancashire Fusiliers.
Royal Welsh Fusiliers.
South Wales Borderers.
Inniskilling Fusiliers.
Gloucesters.
Worcesters.
East Surrey.
Border.
Cornwall Light Infantry.
Dorsets.
South Lancashire.
Royal Highlanders.
Oxford Light Infantry.
Sherwood Foresters.
Royal Highlanders.
Northamptons.
Royal Berkshires.
West Kent.
King's Own (Yorkshire Light Infantry).
King's Royal Rifles.
Durham Light Infantry.
Royal Irish Fusiliers.
Highland Light Infantry.
Gordon Highlanders.
Royal Irish Rifles.
Royal Irish Fusiliers.
Connaught Rangers.
Argyll Highlanders.
Rifle Brigade.

The casualties fell heavily on the Sherwood Foresters and on the two Irish regiments which then bore the numbers 87th and 88th.

Casualties at the Battle of Orthes, February 27, 1814.

Regiments.	Officers.		Men.
	K.	W.	K.	W.
General Staff	-	6	-	-
7th Hussars	-	3	4	6
10th Hussars	-	-	-	1
13th Hussars	-	1	2	15
14th Hussars	-	-	-	2
15th Hussars	-	-	-	9
Royal Artillery	1	1	3	23
Roy. Engineers	1	-	-	-
N'umberland F.	1	-	5	31
Roy. Warwick	2	8	24	111
Royal Fusiliers	-	4	6	56
Lancs Fusiliers	2	6	16	97
Roy. Welsh F.	-	3	16	75
27th Royal Inniskilling F.	-	1	1	4
40th S. Lancs	-	-	1	4
42nd B. Watch	1	4	4	90
45th Sherwood Foresters	1	9	14	106
48th N'ampton	-	-	1	13
52nd Oxford L.I.	-	6	7	76
58th N'ampton	-	3	3	25
King's Roy. R.	-	2	3	31
61st Gloucesters	-	-	1	6
68th Durham L.I.	-	1	3	27
74th Highland L.I.	-	5	8	21
82nd S. Lancs	-	2	2	24
83rd Roy. Irish Rifles	-	6	11	47
87th Roy. Irish Fusiliers	1	5	92	116
88th Connaught Rangers	2	11	41	214
91st Argyll Highlanders	-	7	3	27
94th Connaught Rangers	-	1	1	12

Note.—In following up the retreating French the army had been sharply engaged on February 14, 17, 23, and 26, and subsequently to Orthes. A general action was fought at Tarbes on March 20, 1814, the brunt of the work falling on the Rifle Brigade.

Toulouse, April 10, 1814.

This, the closing action of the Peninsular War, was fought after the abdication of Napoleon, and was the final act of the campaign which Sir Arthur Wellesley opened at the combat of Roleia on August 17, 1808. There are ten regiments which bear on their colours the names of the earliest and the last engagements, Roleia and Toulouse. Of these, only five suffered any loss in both engagements. The King's Royal Rifles, Highland Light Infantry, and Rifle Brigade take pride of place, each having fifteen Peninsular battle honours on their appointments. Those to whom the battle honour "Toulouse" has been awarded are the

5th Dragoon Guards.
3rd Hussars.
4th Hussars.
13th Hussars.
Queen's.
Buffs.
Northumberland Fusiliers.
Royal Fusiliers.
Devons.
Lancashire Fusiliers.
Royal Welsh Fusiliers.
Inniskilling Fusiliers.
Gloucesters.
Worcesters.
South Lancashire.
Royal Highlanders.
Oxford Light Infantry.
Sherwood Foresters.
Northamptons.
Shropshire Light Infantry.
King's Royal Rifles.
Highland Light Infantry.
Cameron Highlanders.
Royal Irish Rifles.
Connaught Rangers.
Argyll Highlanders.
Rifle Brigade.

Casualties at the Battle of Toulouse, April 10, 1814.

Regiments.	Officers.		Men.
	K.	W.	K.	W.
General Staff	-	3	-	-
5th Drag. Gds.	-	1	1	2
3rd Hussars	-	1	-	5
4th Hussars	-	1	2	5
10th Hussars	1	1	4	6
15th Hussars	-	-	-	4
Royal Artillery	-	-	7	31
Queen's (four companies)	-	-	-	12
N'umberland F.	-	-	-	3
Royal Fusiliers	-	-	1	3
Devon	1	4	14	121
Lancs Fusiliers	-	-	2	9
Roy. Welsh F.	-	-	1	7
27th Inniskilling Fusiliers	2	5	23	76
28th Gloucesters	-	3	3	25
34th Border R.	-	1	2	11
36th Worcester	1	9	38	104
39th Dorsets	-	1	-	4
40th S. Lancs	-	8	7	71
42nd B. Watch	4	22	50	337
45th Sherwood Foresters	1	8	7	72
48th N'ampton	-	4	5	39
50th W. Kent	-	2	2	8
52nd Oxford L.I.	-	-	-	5
53rd Shropshire L.I. (two cos.)	-	5	2	14
60th K.R.R.	-	3	11	48
61st Gloucesters	1	18	16	140
71st Highland L.I.	-	-	3	13
74th Highland L.I.	-	7	32	72
79th Cameron H.	3	15	26	179
83rd Roy. Irish Rifles	-	-	-	1
87th Roy. Irish Fusiliers	1	2	7	17
88th Connaught Rangers	1	2	7	76
91st Argyll Highlanders	-	6	18	98
94th Connaught Rangers	-	-	1	5
95th Rifle Brig.	-	1	10	75

In this fight the 42nd (Royal Highlanders) was wellnigh annihilated.

Peninsula, 1808-1814.

The following regiments bear this battle honour:

1st Life Guards.
2nd Life Guards.
Royal Horse Guards.
3rd Dragoon Guards.
4th Dragoon Guards.
5th Dragoon Guards.
1st Royal Dragoons.
3rd Hussars.
4th Hussars.
7th Hussars.
9th Lancers.
10th Hussars.
11th Hussars.
12th Lancers.
13th Hussars.
14th Hussars.
15th Hussars.
16th Lancers.
18th Hussars.
20th Hussars.
Grenadier Guards.
Coldstream Guards.
Scots Guards.
Royal Scots.
Queen's (Royal West Surrey).
Buffs.
K.O. (Royal Lancaster).
Northumberland Fusiliers.
Royal Warwicks.
Royal Fusiliers.
Norfolk.
Lincoln.
Devons.
Lancashire Fusiliers.
Royal Welsh Fusiliers.
South Wales Borderers.
Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers.
Gloucester.
Worcester.
East Lancashire.
East Surrey.
Cornwall Light Infantry.
West Riding.
Border.
South Staffordshire.
Hampshire.
Dorset.
South Lancashire.
Black Watch.
Oxford Light Infantry.
Essex.
Sherwood Foresters.
Loyal North Lancashire.
Northampton.
Royal Berkshire.
Royal West Kent.
K.O. (Yorkshire L.I.).
King's (Shropshire L.I.).
Middlesex.
King's Royal Rifles.
Wiltshire.
Manchester.
York and Lancaster.
Durham L.I.
Highland L.I.
Gordon Highlanders.
Cameron Highlanders.
Royal Irish Rifles.
Royal Irish Fusiliers.
Connaught Rangers.
Argyll Highlanders.
Rifle Brigade.

Roll of the Principal Actions during the Peninsular War.

Action.	Date.		Casualties.				Honours.
			Officers.		Men.
			K.	W.	K.	W.
Roleia	1808	August 17	4	20	65	315	Medal,	clasp,	and battle honour.
Vimiera	"	August 21	4	37	185	497	"	"	"
Sahagun	"	December 21	-	-	2	18	"	"	"
Benevente	"	December 29	-	3	5	23	"	"	No battle honour.
Corunna	1809.	January 16	?	?	?	?	Medal, clasp, and battle honour.
Douro	"	May 24	-	10	23	86	No medal or clasp. Battle honour.
Talavera	"	July 27	27	171	643	3,295	Medal, clasp, and battle honour.
Busaco	1810.	Sept. 27	5	35	102	408	"	"	"
Barrosa	1811.	March 4	7	45	182	881	"	"	"
Fuentes d'Onor	"	May 5	11	62	157	576	"	"	"
Albuera	"	May 16	39	165	850	2,567	"	"	"
Arroyos dos Molinos	"	October 28	-	7	7	51	No medal or clasp. Battle honour.
Tarifa	"	December	2	3	7	24	"	"	"
Ciudad Rodrigo	1812.	January	8	60	122	436	Medal, clasp, and battle honour.
Badajos	"	March, April	60	269	751	2,539	"	"	"
Almaraz	"	May 19	2	12	32	131	No medal or clasp. Battle honour.
Salamanca	"	July 22	28	178	360	2,536	Medal, clasp, and battle honour.
Vittoria	1813.	June 21	22	173	490	2,704	"	"	"
Pyrenees	"	July, August	28	221	510	3,295	"	"	"
San Sebastian	"	September	35	70	535	1,038	"	"	"
Nivelle	"	November 10	21	121	237	1,031	"	"	"
Nive	"	December 9-13	19	140	200	2,055	"	"	"
Orthes	1814.	February 27	15	105	192	1,291	"	"	"
Toulouse	"	April 10	16	134	298	1,661	"	"	"

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[CHAPTER XII]

WATERLOO, AND THE ORDER OF THE BATH FOR THE NAPOLEONIC WARS