20. CAMPYLOPUS. Brid.
[The diagnoses of species are taken from Dr. Braithwaite’s Paper in Jour. of Bot. VIII., pp. 386–393.]
a. Leaves hoary at point.
103. C. atrovirens. De Not. (C. longipilus. Brid. pro parte: Wils. Bry. Brit.; et Schimp. Musc. Eur. Nov.) Dense tufts 1–3in. high, above yellowish green, below brownish, at base black. Stem erect, dichotomous, with few radicles at base; l. lower, lax, shorter, the rest densely crowded, erecto-patent, lanceolate, very longly subulato-setaceous, channelled below, auricled; nerve excurrent into a hoary hispid arista, channelled at back, one-third width of leaf base; cells of auricles dilated, castaneous, central colorless, above these sub-rectangular, uppermost oblongo-elliptic. Fem. fl. 2. 3 at apex of innovations.
Wet rocks, and moorlands in mountainous districts.
E. S. & I.
104. C. brevipilus. B. & S. In dense broad tufts, when dry glossy yellow green above, fuscescent below, ¾–1¼ in. high, almost free from radicles, fastigiate; l. erect densely crowded, narrowly lanceolate-subulate, very concave, the point denticulate at margin and back, not auricled; nerve one-third width of leaf base excurrent into a short hair point; per. l. wider sheathing, narrowed into a hispid hair, margin recurved above base. Areolæ lax; basal cells quadrate, above rhomboidal flexuose, marginal very narrow; fem. fl. solitary.
Heathy places. Sussex, Hants, Cheshire, York, Arran.
105. C. introflexus. Brid. (C. longipilus. Bry. Eur. pro parte. C. polytrichoides. De Not. D. ericetorum. Mitt.) Densely tufted, olivaceous brown below, innov. yellow green with hoary tips; ¾–1½in. high, sparingly radiculose, dichotomous; l. imbricated, erecto-patent, lanceolate-subulate, channelled; not auricled; wings but little incurved, comal leaves broader lanceolate acuminate, lowest muticous, rest prolonged into a diaphanous spinuloso-denticulate arista shorter than the leaf. Nerve three-fourths width of limb, lammelluligerous at back. Basal cells hyaline large and empty, gradually becoming obliquely oval and minute, chlorophyllose, a few fuscous alar cells in comal leaves; per. l. oblong convolute, subulate at apex. Thecæ aggregated on short peduncles, oval, unequal, rough at base, lid obliquely rostrate. Calyp. reaching middle of capsule, sparingly fimbriate.
Dry heaths and stony places. Cornwall, Jersey, Scotland, Ireland.
b. Leaves unicolorous.
* auricled at base.
106. C. Shawii. Wils. MS. Tufts lax, yellow green above, blackish brown below, 1–2in. high. Stems robust, with numerous radicles. L. erecto-patent, straight, rigid, from a somewhat contracted linear base, lanceolate, longly subulate, suddenly narrowed at one-third their length; margin involute above, apex acute, with a few minute denticulations. Nerve two-thirds width of base. Cells at basal wings enlarged lax reddish brown, exterior rows hyaline, above rectangular, and then rhomboido-elliptic. Leaves falcate when growing in dry places.
Outer Hebrides, 1866 (Mr. Shaw).
107. C. alpinus. Schpr. Densely cæspitose, 2–3in. high, stem erect, dichotomous, with rufous radicles from back of leaf base at base of innovations. L. rigid, fragile, and deciduous, erect or slightly secund, lowest lanceolate, becoming larger upwards and longly subulate, subtubular, subula sharply or obsoletely serrate. Nerve half width of base. Auricles very large decurrent, cells orange brown, central hyaline, above laxer narrowly hexagono-rectangular, and at last quadrate without chlorophyll, solid and yellowish.
Moist heaths and rocks. Wales and Scotland.
108. C. flexuosus. Brid. Tufts dense yellowish green. Stems ½–1½in. high, erect dichotomous, with rufous purple radicles to apex, bearing gemmæ intermixed. L. patent straight or secund, sub-falcate, lower lanceolate upper subulate, uppermost very long and toothed at apex all concave, glossy, red when old. Nerve one-third width of base; angles not decurrent, with short wide fuscous cells, others hexagono-rectangular, upper quadrate and chlorophyllose; per. l. nine; inner sheathing longly subulate, with a narrower nerve, calyptra fuscous at apex. Caps. oval, regular, or gibbous, short-necked olivaceous, with eight striæ, sulcate when dry; lid conico-rostrate; annulus broad double.
Sub-alpine moist rocks and peaty soil. XI.
109. C. paradoxus. Wils. MS. Tufts ½–1in. high, fastigiate, dull yellowish green above, pale brown below; st. with short lateral ramuli, and few rufous radicles. L. erecto-patent (erecto-appressed when dry) uppermost longest slightly secund lanceolate-subulate, concave; apex usually of two teeth, with a few irregular ones below on each side. Nerve one-third width of base. Lamina extended to apex; basal cells thin enlarged hyaline when young, afterwards fuscous, above rectangular, in 14–16 longitudinal rows, thickened and quadrate towards apex.
Peaty soil, Cheviots (barren), Boyd and Hardy, 1868.
110. C. setifolius. Wils. Tufts lax soft, bright or yellowish green above, blackish below, without radicles. St. 5–10in. slender, erect, geniculate. L. distant erecto-patent or sub-secund, glossy, from a lanceolate base gradually running into a very long subula, sometimes half twisted; uppermost with wings serrate. Nerve half width of base; auricles very large and inflated, the cells partly fuscous, partly hyaline, hexagonal, above hexagono-rectangular, upper rhombic chlorophyllose; fl. of each sex collected in capitula; males 3–4, fem. numerous.
Wet places, and clefts of rocks. I. S.
111. C. Swartzii. Schpr. Tufts dense soft yellowish green, brownish below, without radicles. St. 2–3in. slender; l. erecto-patent, straight or slightly secund, lowest lanceolate, upper lanceolate-subulate, entire at apex, base somewhat sheathing, auricles hyaline inflated decurrent. Nerve two-thirds of base, finely sulcate at back towards apex. Basal areolæ narrow, auricular very lax hexagono-rectangular hyaline, above sub-quadrate.
Granite alpine rocks. Wales, Scotland.
* * L. not auricled.
§ St. radiculose.
112. C. fragilis. B. & S. Tufts pale green glossy, st. ½–2in. fragile. L. densely crowded erecto-patent rigid incumbent when dry, lower lanceolate, upper extended into a subula, toothed at apex, wings recurved above. Nerve very broad. Basal areolæ lax pellucid narrow rectangular, above minute quadrate, no distinct alar cells. Caps. solitary, bent down, oval, symmetric, fuscous, when dry plicate, contracted below the mouth, lid conico-subulate oblique, red; calyp. whitish, rufous at apex.
Sandstone rocks and moist heaths.
var. β. densus. (B. & S.) st. taller, l. shorter, with more acute entire points and laxer cells.
113. C. Schimperi. Milde. Tufts dense compact. St. 1–2in. slender light silky green above, fuscous below. L. erecto-patent, appressed when dry, straight rigid, lanceolate-subulate, channelled, denticulate only at apex. Nerve very broad. Basal cells lax rectangular hyaline, very narrow at margin, above elliptic.
Alpine hills. Scotland.
114. C. pyriformis. Brid. (C. turfaceus. B. & S.) Tufts flat olivaceous or bright green, finally tawny. St. ½–1in. slender erect, radiculose only at base. L. less crowded, gradually larger upwards, erecto-patent, lower lanceolate, middle lanceolate-subulate, upper from a lanceolate base setaceous. Nerve one-third base, thin channelled at back. Areolæ resembling C. flexuosus, but thinner, hyaline at base Fr. several from same apex; caps. ovate olivaceous, fulvous when ripe, sulcate, lid obliquely rostrate; calyp. whitish, tip brown.
Moist heaths and sides of ditches.
var. β. Mulleri. Juratzka. L. caducous, calyptra without fringe.
§ § St. very short, not radiculose.
115. C. brevifolius. Schpr. St. ½in. yellowish green, with caducous ramuli. L. short rigid erect lanceolate, longly acuminate, concave, obsoletely toothed at apex. Nerve half base; basal areolæ hyaline lax rectangular, gradually shorter and more quadrate, lower ones with their transverse walls much thickened.
Dry and stony places. Scotland.