83. HYPNUM. Dill.
Sub-genus I. Thuyidium. St. erect, pinnate or bipinnate, with numerous branched villi; l. densely papillose on the back; nerve single.
a. St. simply pinnate.
428. H. (Thuyidium.) abietinum. Dill. St. 2–4in. rigid, reddish, not always erect; br. slightly drooping crowded; l. imbricate, erecto-patent, more or less secund; st. l. ovate or cordate acuminate, serrulate near apex, plicate; br. l. narrower, less plicate; all papillose on back and keel, nerved nearly to apex; areolæ dot-like; caps. oblong-cylindrical, arcuate, cernuous; lid conical: dioicous.
Alpine rocks, chalk hills, &c. Spring.
429. H. (Thuyidium) Blandovii. W. & M. St. 3in. erect, flexible; br. slender, spreading; l. loosely imbricate, erect from a spreading base, broadly ovate or sub-cordate, acute, narrowed at base almost to a pedicel, keeled, serrulate, not papillose on keel, thinly nerved nearly to apex, margin recurved: areolæ larger, sub-hexagonal; caps. oblong, curved, cernuous; lid conical, with a blunt point: monoicous.
Bogs, rare. V.
430. H. (Thuyidium) decipiens. De Not. (H. rigidulum. Ferg.) St. 2–4in. rigid, villous, with short attenuate branches; st. l. distant, sub-squarrose, deltoid-ovate, suddenly acuminate auricled, concave serrate, papillose on both sides, sometimes secund above; br. l. smaller, crowded, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, spreading or secund, nerved half way or more; areolæ large hexagonal and pellucid at base, above oval-elongate confused (Fergusson).
Springs and streams. Ben Lawers (Dr. Stirton), 1866; Clova, 2800 ft. (Fergusson), 1868; Auchinblae, 800 ft. (Sim and Fergusson); Glas Mheal, Perthshire, 2500 ft. (G. E. Hunt). All barren.
b. St. bi- or tri-pinnate: dioicous.
431. H. (Thuyidium) delicatulum. L. St. elongate, erect or procumbent, bipinnate; br. drooping, often rooting at apex; l. broadly cordate or ovate-acuminate, sub-striate, papillose or muricate on back and keel, nerved nearly to apex, which is finely serrulate; caps. sub-cylindrical curved, cernuous, pale brown, lid large conical, not rostrate.
Limestone and chalk rocks, &c. VII. VIII.
432. H. (Thuyidium) tamariscinum. Hedw. St. elongate, arched, procumbent, interruptedly tri-pinnate; br. not rooting; st. l. cordate acuminate, plicate; br. l. ovate, obtuse; all papillose at back, but not so much so as last; serrulate near and nerved almost to apex; caps. oblong-cylindrical, curved, cernuous, purplish red; lid large conical, with a long beak.
Woods and banks, frequent. XI.
Sub-genus II. Ptychodium. Branches sub-pinnate; l. patent and secund, often deeply sulcate, thinly nerved to apex; areolæ shortly linear, quadrate at the angles; caps. cernuous, horizontal, ovate; per. teeth dense and narrow, lamellose, cilia rudimentary.
433. H. (Ptychodium) plicatum. Schl. St. creeping, tomentous; branches ascending incurved; l. ovate, imbricate, pointed, margin recurved; per. l. twice as large; caps. ovate-oblong, small, on a half-inch reddish seta: dioicous.
Alpine rocks. S. IV. (?)
Sub-genus III. Camptothecium. Stems trailing in part, sub-erect, branched; l. silky, striate, thinly nerved, areolæ narrowly linear; caps. cernuous, on a smooth or rough incurved seta; lid shortly rostrate or conical; internal perist. with long cilia.
434. H. (Camptothecium) lutescens. Dill. St. about 3in. irregularly branched, sometimes pinnate; l. narrowly lanceolate, tapering to a long point, entire, nerved nearly to apex; caps. oblong arcuate, on a rough seta; lid conical, beaked: monoicous.
Rocks and woods (limestone and sandstone). IV.
435. H. (Camptothecium) nitens. Dill. St. 2–4in. erect, almost pinnate, radiculose; branches short spreading; l. erecto-patent, lanceolate, long tapering, acute, not nerved to apex, entire, margin recurved; caps, arcuate oblong, on a long smooth seta; lid conical: dioicous.
Bogs. E. S. IV. V.
Sub-genus IV. Brachythecium. Plants upright or prone, irregularly branched; l. silky, patent or sub-secund, more or less decurrent, thinly nerved, striate; areolæ narrowly hexagono-rhomboid, generally quadrate at basal angles; caps. ovate, sub-globose, or oblong, often turgid, lid conical.
a. Seta smooth.
436. H. (Brachythecium) Mildeanum. Schp. St. ½ to 1in. erect branched; l. sub-erect, long lanceolate, gradually tapering from a broadish base into a long slender point, almost piliferous, plicate when dry, margins plane, thinly nerved more than half way; areolæ long and narrow, broader at base and quadrate at basal angles; caps. obovate-oblong or unsymmetrical, much curved cernuous, constricted at mouth when dry, on a red twisted seta; lid conical, tapering to a blunt apex, tipped with an apiculus.
Sands. Southport, Fifeshire, Dublin, Cornwall. X. XI.
437. H. (Brachythecium) salebrosum. Hoffm. St. 1–2in. procumbent sub-pinnate; l. shortly ovate-acuminate, serrulate, only slightly striate, nerved more than half way; caps. ovate cernuous curved, lid conical, scarcely beaked: monoicous.
Trees. XI.
Near Kirkham Abbey, Yorks. (R. Spruce); Sussex (Mitten).
438. H. (Brachythecium) glareosum. Bruch. St. about 2in. sub-procumbent, branches sometimes sub-pinnate; l. erecto-patent from an ovate base, gradually tapering into a long slender, sometimes twisted, sub-serrulate apex, margin reflexed below; caps. ovate-oblong, cernuous arcuate; lid conical, with a distinct beak: dioicous.
Woods and shady banks. XI.
439. H. (Brachythecium) albicans. Dill. St. about 2in. upright; l. spreading, appressed when dry, ovate-acuminate, concave, entire, nerved more than half way; caps. ovate small, scarcely curved, cernuous, on a slender seta; young foliage pale green, greyish brown below: dioicous.
Sandy grassy places. XI. XII.
b. Seta rough.
440. H. (Brachythecium) velutinum. Dill. St. short creeping, with erect branches; l. sub-secund, ovate-lanceolate, prolonged into a short serrulate taper point; nerved half way or more, margin reflexed below; per. l. almost piliferous; caps. roundish ovate cernuous; lid conical pointed; monoicous.
Walls, sandy hedge banks, roots of trees, &c. XI. XII.
441. H. (Brachythecium) reflexum. Seliger. St. more or less arched, procumbent, and rooting at extremities; branches sub-pinnate, slender, incurved; l. shortly ovate-cordate, acuminate, serrate, nerved almost or quite to apex, margin reflexed, areolæ large; caps. small, roundish ovate, horizontal; lid conical pointed: monoicous.
Scottish mountains. Spring.
442. H. (Brachythecium) rutabulum. Dill. St. long, loosely tufted, procumbent, and rooting at extremities, with erect branches; l. ovate, concave, acuminate, serrulate, striate when dry; thinly nerved, above half way; caps. ovate-oblong, arcuate, cernuous on a very rough seta; lid bluntly pointed: monoicous.
Banks, walls, and trees. Common. IX.—III.
var. δ. plumulosum. Sch. l. narrower, tapering, not acuminate. Sands, Southport.
443. H. (Brachythecium) campestre. B. & S. St. loosely cæspitose, prostrate or ascending, much branched; l. erecto-patent, longly ovate-lanceolate, more or less subulato-acuminate, serrulate, thinly nerved more than half way, plicate, shining; per. l. recurved squarrose from the middle, piliferous; caps. oblong-cylindrical sub-arcuate, on a slightly roughened seta. (Sch. Synopsis, 543.)
Grassy places, fields, &c. Winter and Spring.
Maresfield, Sussex (Mr. Mitten); Spec, in Herb. Kew. “Newchurch, Over, Cheshire, W. W. Dec. 13, 1837.”
444. H. (Brachythecium) rivulare. Bruch. St. arched, slender; branches slender, incurved, sub-pinnate; l. deltoid-ovate, gradually tapering, not suddenly acuminate, serrate, nerved above half way, decurrent: caps. short roundish ovate arcuate, cernuous; lid large conical acute rostellate: dioicous.
Stones, &c., by rivulets in shady woods; sometimes in water, when the st. are often very elongate. IX.
445. H. (Brachythecium) populeum. Hedw. St. creeping, sub-pinnate; l. narrowly ovate-lanceolate, tapering to a long serrulate point, margin reflexed, nerved to apex; caps. small roundish ovate, slightly cernuous or nearly erect; lid conical, very acute, sub-persistent on the ripe fruit: monoicous.
Walls, rocks, trees, &c., frequent. IX.—II.
var. β. nutans. Brid. branches longer, caps. distinctly cernuous.
446. H. (Brachythecium) plumosum. Swartz. St. creeping; branches long, frequently erect, sub-pinnate; l. ovate, concave, acuminate, sub-secund, serrulate near apex, nerved above half way; caps. small roundish ovate, cernuous, seta roughish at summit only; lid conical acute: monoicous.
Sub-alpine shady rocks, stones in rivulets, walls, &c. X.—III
Sub-genus V. Scleropodium. Areolation vermicular, slightly dilated and excavate at angles; caps. on a rough seta, sub-erect or cernuous, turgid, ovate or oblong and sub-incurved.
447. H. (Scleropodium) cæspitosum. Wils. St. densely tufted, creeping; branches slender, short, incurved; l. sub-secund, ovate, small, concave, serrulate, nerved above half way; caps. sub-cylindrical, slightly arcuate, sub-erect; lid long rostellate; dioicous.
Damp walls and roots of trees. XI.
Lancashire, Yorkshire, Cheshire, Sussex.
448. H. (Scleropodium) illecebrum. L. St. procumbent, sometimes sub-pinnate, branches incurved obtuse; l. roundish ovate, pointed, very concave, imbricate, serrulate, tip slightly recurved; nerve reaching above half way, its tip slightly projecting from back of leaf; caps. ovate-oblong cernuous, somewhat ventricose; lid bluntly conical apiculate: dioicous.
Banks and rocks near the sea. XI. XII.
Hampshire, Anglesea.
Sub-genus VI. Eurynchium. More or less pinnately branched; areolæ narrowly rhomboid or sub-vermicular, dilated at the angles; caps. cernuous and horizontal, on a smooth or rough seta; lid with a long beak.
a. Striatæ. l. sub-scariose, shining, more or less distinctly sulcate; areolæ long and narrow.
1. Seta smooth.
449. H. (Eurynchium) myosuroides. L. (Isothecium myosuroides. Bry. Brit. 323.) St. slender; branches fasciculate incurved; l. somewhat spreading, from an ovate base lanceolate acuminate, serrulate, nerved more than half way; caps. elliptic-oblong, more or less inclined, on a twisted or curved seta; lid conical, with a short beak: dioicous.
Trunks of trees and rocks. XI.
450. H. (Eurynchium) strigosum. Hoffm. St. 1in. sub-erect or creeping, scarcely pinnate; l. roundish ovate or cordate, concave, rather obtuse, serrate, nerved above half way, margin recurved below; caps. sub-cylindrical, curved, small; lid conical, with a longish curved beak: parasitico-monoicous.
Roots of trees, rocks, &c. XI.
Cornwall (Tozer in Herb. Hook.) Spring.
451. H. (Eurynchium) dimorphum. Brid. St. 1–2in. procumbent, branches very slender, more or less pinnate; st. l. ovate-acuminate, spreading recurved; br. l. ovate, concave obtuse, sub-erect, all serrulate and shortly two-nerved; areolæ quadrate on margin, the rest larger, longer and less opaque; caps. oblong, almost horizontal; lid conical, without beak: dioicous.
Ben Lawers. Barren. Summer (?)
452. H. (Eurynchium) catenulatum. Schwg. St. about ½in. creeping, with erect very slender branches; l. very small, ovate acute, entire concave, margin recurved below, broadly nerved half way or more; caps. oval-oblong slightly curved, sub-erect or cernuous; lid large, with a distinct beak: dioicous.
Alpine and sub-alpine rocks.
Summer.
Scotland; Yorkshire. Fr. not known in Britain.
453. H. (Eurynchium) heteropterum. Bruch. St. procumbent, more or less pinnate, often rooting at apex; l. ovate-acuminate, small, more or less secund, denticulate, somewhat papillose at back; nerved singly half way, or short and forked; caps. oblong, scarcely curved, almost erect; lid with a long beak: dioicous.
Moist rocks near waterfalls. XI.
Ireland, Wales, Todmorden.
454. H. (Eurynchium) circinnatum. Brid. St. short, sub-erect arched: branches curved and drooping; l. very small ovate, pointed, sub-secund, serrulate at apex, thickly nerved nearly to apex; areolæ oval, smaller and quadrate at base; caps. oblong cernuous, curved; lid large, with a long oblique or curved beak: dioicous.
Shady limestone rocks and walls. III.
455. H. (Eurynchium) striatulum. Spruce. St. short creeping, tufted; branches short crowded, erect; l. erecto-patent, ovate, long taper pointed, serrate, sub-striate, strongly nerved more than half way; basal areolæ opaque minute; caps. oblong cernuous; lid roundish, with a long pointed beak: dioicous.
Shady limestone rocks and roots of trees. XII.
456. H. (Eurynchium) striatum. Hedw. Much larger than the last in all its parts; stems loosely tufted, arched, sub-pinnate; branches drooping; l. gradually tapering from a broad cordate base, almost squarrose, serrate, striate, nerved more than half way; caps. almost cylindrical, curved, cernuous; lid large, with a long slender curved beak: dioicous.
Woods and shady banks. XII.
2. Seta rough.
457. H. (Eurynchium) crassinervium. Tayl. St. creeping, branches erect; l. spreading ovate, sharply pointed serrate concave, margin reflexed, nerve thick, reaching more than half way, sometimes forked: caps. elliptic-oblong small curved, cernuous; lid large, with a very long slender oblique beak; dioicous.
Shady limestone rocks. XI.
458. H. (Eurynchium) piliferum. Vaill. St. 2–3in. slender, procumbent, branched; l. imbricate erecto-patent, elliptical serrulate, suddenly contracted into a long serrulate, almost piliferous point, concave, nerved half way; caps. oblong cernuous, slightly arcuate, lid with a long beak.
Shady banks and woods. Fr. rare. XI.
459. H. (Eurynchium) cirrhosum. Schwg. Stems erect or procumbent, with a few erect branches; l. imbricate elliptic, more oblong than the last (of which it may be only a variety, though very different in many points), entire except the long narrow points, which are serrulate and suddenly geniculate or reflexed where the point joins the blade; concave, nerved half way. Never been found in fruit.
Summit of Ben Lawers, 1823 (Dr. Arnott).
b. Prælongæ. l. opaque, scarcely sulcate, areolæ almost as broad as long; seta rough.
* Synoicous.
460. H. (Eurynchium) speciosum. Brid. St. creeping, with short erect, almost complanate branches; l. ovate serrulate, nerved almost to acute apex, bright green; caps. ovate or obovate, cernuous; lid with a long pointed beak.
Stones near springs, sometimes in water. XII.
* * Dioicous.
461. H. (Eurynchium) prœlongum. Dill. St. long, arched or procumbent, often bipinnate, branches slender; l. squarrose recurved, broadly cordate, and suddenly tapering to a long point, amplexicaul, nerve carried nearly to base of point; br. l. lanceolate acuminate, all serrate: per. l. nerveless; caps. small oval-oblong, obliquely cernuous; lid with a long tapering slender beak.
Moist shady banks. XI.
462. H. (Eurynchium) hians. Hedw. Sp. Musc. 272. t. 70. L. roundish ovate, spreading, areolæ large. [Mueller Syn. II., 447.]
Sussex (Mr. Mitten).
463. H. (Eurynchium) pumilum. Wils. St. creeping, filiform; br. slender, sub-pinnate sub-complanate; l. minute ovate, shortly pointed, spreading sub-serrulate, faintly nerved half way; per. l. smaller, recurved; caps. short roundish ovate, cernuous; lid rather large, with an oblique beak.
Shady rocks and hedge banks. E. S. I. XI.
464. H. (Eurynchium) Stokesii. Turn. St. densely cæspitose, branches ascending, simple below, above densely pinnate and bipinnate; st. l. distant, acutely cordate, shortly acuminate, and triquetrous, recurved; br. l. ovate-lanceolate, erecto-patent, all thinly nerved, and serrate; caps. oblong ventricose horizontal, olive-coloured; lid with a long straight subulate beak from a conical base. (Syn. 562. Bry. Eur. V. 526.)
Stones and rocks in woods, &c.
Autumn.
465. H. (Eurynchium) Swartzii. Turn. St. creeping, with short erect branches; l. uniform, ovate not acuminate, serrate, nerved more than half way; caps. roundish ovate, cernuous, reddish brown; lid with a long oblique beak.
Moist banks and rocks; frequent. XI.
Sub-genus VII. Hyocomium. St. prostrate; l. broadly obcordate, with a long apiculus, decurrent, shortly two-nerved; areolæ, above flexuoso-linear, middle narrowly rectangular, angles broadly hexagonal or rectangular; caps. on a thick seta, oval, turgid, cernuous; lid mammillate.
466. H. (Hyocomium) flagellare. Dicks. St. 1in. or more, arched pinnate; br. sub-fasciculate, recurved; st. l. squarrose, broadly cordate acuminate, slightly striate; br. l. less spreading, sub-secund, roundish ovate, less acuminate; all sharply serrate and mostly two-nerved at base, or nerveless; per. l. almost erect, much narrower; caps. ovate-oblong, curved, cernuous, on a rough seta: dioicous.
Moist shady rocks by cascades, &c. X. XI.
Sub-genus VIII. Rhynchostegium. Plants low cæspitose, with scattered branches; l. soft, shining, nerveless or simply nerved; areolæ elongate, narrowly hexagono-rhomboid; caps. horizontal cernuous; lid with a subulate beak.
a. Demissæ. St. prostrate, l. complanate, oblong-lanceolate, nerveless, entire; caps. thin walled; seta smooth: monoicous.
467. H. (Rhynchostegium) demissum. Wils. St. filiform; br. short slender: l. elliptic-lanceolate, acute, sub-secund above, margin reflexed; caps. small, narrowly elliptical, horizontal cernuous; lid obliquely rostrate.
Shady mountainous rocks. VII. VIII.
b. Tenellæ. st. creeping; l. narrowly lanceolate, caps. solid walled, seta rough or smooth: monoicous.
468. H. (Rhynchostegium) tenellum. Dicks. St. and br. very short creeping; l. erecto-patent, narrowly lanceolate acuminate, almost setaceous, light green, entire, nerved more than half way; caps. ovate cernuous, on a smooth seta; lid beaked.
Walls and rocks, principally limestone. X.
469. H. (Rhynchostegium) Teesdalii. Sm. St. slender, creeping; br. erect; l. sub-complanate, narrowly lanceolate, rigid, slightly serrulate near apex, broadly nerved nearly to apex; caps. ovate cernuous, on a rough seta; lid almost as large as caps., beaked.
Moist shady rocks near waterfalls. III.—VI.
c. Depressæ. Pl. low cæspitose soft; l. broadly oblong, thinly nerved; seta smooth.
* Dioicous.
470. H. (Rhynchostegium) depressum. Bruch. St. prostrate pinnate; br. thickest in middle—both very short; l. complanate crowded ovate-oblong, slightly concave and finely serrulate, shortly two-nerved; caps. ovate, curved, cernuous; lid as long as caps. and long beaked.
Rocks and stones, especially limestone. Spring.
Caergwrle, N. Wales, Oct., 1871, in fruit (C. L. Higgins.)
* * Monoicous.
471. H. (Rhynchostegium) confertum. Dicks. St. creeping sub-pinnate; br. erect; l. slightly secund or complanate, ovate-acuminate concave serrulate, thinly nerved quite or more than half way; caps. ovate-oblong cernuous; lid short, with a very long curved beak.
Rocks, walls, trees, &c., frequent. X.
472. H. (Rhynchostegium) megapolitanum. Bland. Much larger than the last, and remotely branched; st. l. remote, br. l. crowded; lower oblong-lanceolate, the others more or less sharply acuminate from a broad ovate base, slightly serrulate, nerved more than half way; caps. oblong cylindrical incurved, arcuate when dry; lid with a short thick beak. [Schp. Syn. 469, Bry. Eur. v. t. 511.]
Sandy shores. Southport, Dublin, Sussex. Spring.
473. H. (Rhynchostegium) murale. Dill. St. short, creeping, with erect crowded branches; l. closely imbricate, roundish ovate, concave, faintly serrulate, cucullate at apex, which is slightly mucronate, not acuminate, nerved half way; caps. ovate, somewhat cernuous; lid flattish, with a long beak.
Walls, &c., chiefly limestone. X.
474. H. (Rhynchostegium) ruscifolium. Dill. St. creeping, with long irregular procumbent branches; l. complanate and sub-secund, ovate, with a cordate base, serrate, stoutly nerved nearly to apex; caps. shortly ovate cernuous; lid convex, with a very long beak.
Rocks and stones in rivulets, frequent. XI.
Sub-genus IX. Thamnium. Dendroid from a creeping rhizome; l. sub-complanate, nerved, areolæ minute, quadrate or rhomboid at apex, narrowly oblong at base; caps. short and sub-arcuate with the seta, turgidly ovate, lid with a long beak; inner perist. with long appendiculate cilia.
475. H. (Thamnium) alopecurum. Dill. St. 2–3in. naked below, pinnately branched above; l. spreading ovate-lanceolate, somewhat concave, serrate, strongly nerved nearly to apex; caps. shortly ovate, cernuous or erect, lid with a long oblique beak: dioicous.
Moist woods, rocks, &c. XI.
Sub-genus X. Plagiothecium. St. generally prostrate, or partially erect, branched; l. complanate or secund, thin, silky, nerveless or shortly two-nerved; areolæ long hexagono-rhomboid; caps. sub-erect or cernuous, more or less incurved; lid convexo-conical or rostrate; per. teeth pale thin, internal a membrane with narrowish processes; cilia none or obscure.
A. Per. teeth distantly articulate, without cilia: dioicous.
476. H. (Plagiothecium) latebricola. Bry. Eur. (Leskea, Bry. Brit.) St. short, slender, sparsely branched, sub-erect; l. sub-secund ovate-lanceolate, tapering acute, entire, slightly concave, decurrent, faintly two-nerved; margin recurved; caps. elliptic-oblong, turbinate when dry; lid short, acutely conical.
Moist shady woods, decaying trunks, and ferns. Winter.
B. Per. teeth densely articulate, internal with entire ciliary processes.
a. Monoicous.
477. H. (Plagiothecium) pulchellum. Dicks. St. short densely tufted, sub-erect, br. fastigiate; l. crowded, secund, lanceolate, gradually tapering from base to apex, entire, generally nerveless; caps. oblong, sub-erect, curved; lid conical, scarcely beaked.
Mountainous shady rocks, &c. VI.—X.
478. H. (Plagiothecium) Muhlenbeckii. B. &. S. St. short, tufted, sub-erect, with recurved fasciculate branches; l. complanate, spreading, deltoid-ovate or sub-cordate, tapering, dark green, finely serrulate, nerveless, or shortly two-nerved; caps. oblong, slightly inclined, tapering below, striate when dry; lid short conical.
Alpine rocks. S. I. VII.
479. H. (Plagiothecium) Silesiacum. Seliger. St. and branches procumbent, the latter arcuate; l. secund, mostly pointing upwards, ovate-lanceolate, longer tapering than the last, concave, distinctly serrulate, slightly and shortly two-nerved; caps. long sub-cylindrical, not striate when dry, curved, cernuous; lid conical pointed.
Stems of decaying trees, rocks, &c. IV. V.
Kent; Yorkshire.
480. H. (Plagiothecium) denticulatum. Dill. St. prostrate, with sub-fasciculate branches; l. complanate, obliquely ovate pointed, sometimes sub-serrulate at apex, margin recurved below, shortly two-nerved; caps. oblong, sub-erect; lid acutely conical.
Sub-alpine woods, banks, wet rocks, &c. Summer.
var. β. obtusifolium. l. elliptical, more or less obtuse, slightly concave. Alpine rocks.
γ. succulentum. l. with almost plane margins: synoicous. Todmorden, Warrington.
b. Dioicous.
481. H. (Plagiothecium) elegans. Hook. St. prostrate, br. distichous, fasciculate or pinnate; l. complanate, ovate-lanceolate, tapering to a slender serrulate point, sometimes oblique, nerveless, or faintly two-nerved; caps. small ovate elliptical, curved, more or less pendulous; lid conical, shortly beaked.
Shady banks and rocks, usually barren. III. IV.
var. β. collinum. “st. erect tufted; l. sub-secund.”
482. H. (Plagiothecium) sylvaticum. Dill. St. longer, about 1 inch, decumbent branched; l. sub-complanate, sometimes sub-secund, ovate-lanceolate, not acuminate, entire, distinctly two-nerved nearly half way; caps. cylindrical, curved, inclined, or horizontal; lid long, shortly beaked.
Roots of trees in woods, &c. IX.
483. H. (Plagiothecium) undulatum. Dill. St. and br. procumbent, 2in. or more; l. complanate, ovate, acute, not acuminate, entire, undulate, faintly two-nerved, whitish green; caps. cylindrical, tapering at base, cernuous or horizontal, striate when dry, lid with a short beak.
Woods and moist places. IV.—VII.
Sub-genus XI. Amblystegium. Plants small prostrate, sparingly branched; l. soft, generally opaque, simply nerved, rarely nerveless; areolæ hexagono-rhomboidal parenchymatous, or tubular prosenchymatous; caps. sub-erect or incurvo-cernuous, oval and sub-arcuate cylindrical, opaque, on a smooth seta; lid large, tumidly conical, obtuse; internal perist. generally integrate, cilia more or less perfect, rarely none.
1. L. opaque, areolæ all parenchymatous.
a. Dioicous.
484. H. (Amblystegium) Sprucei. Bruch. St. short, slender, with few branches; l. distant narrowly ovate-lanceolate, long pointed, margin almost entire, concave, nerveless; per. l. larger, with longer points, distinctly serrulate at apex; caps. erect elliptical, turbinate when dry, mouth wide; lid long conical pointed. [Leskea. Bry. Brit.]
Shady sub-alpine rocks, rare. Spring (?)
Teesdale, Todmorden.
485. H. (Amblystegium) atrovirens. Dicks. St. prostrate, irregularly branched, the latter slightly incurved, rigid, sub-erect; l. imbricate, somewhat secund, ovate-lanceolate, with long tapering points, margin recurved below, sub-serrulate above; thickly nerved almost to apex; “caps. sub-cylindrical short curved and sub-cernuous, lid conical.”
Alpine rocks, &c., rare in fruit. Scotland. Spring.
b. Monoicous.
486. H. (Amblystegium) confervoides. B. & S. St. creeping, very slender, sub-pinnate, sparingly branched; br. capilliform; l. scattered sub-secund, more or less spreading, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, entire, nerveless; per. l. longer, erect; caps. cernuous, oval-oblong, slightly incurved, pale brown, semi-pellucid; lid convex, obliquely apiculate; annulus small deciduous.
Stones in shady places, limestone. Summer.
Dovedale (Dr. Fraser, 1866); Westmoreland.
487. H. (Amblystegium) serpens. Dill. St. creeping, sub-pinnate, with slender sub-erect branches; l. spreading, ovate-lanceolate, tapering into long points, entire, faintly nerved half way, or sometimes nearly to apex: caps. oblong, cylindrical or obovate, curved, cernuous, reddish at mouth; lid conical acute.
Walls, moist banks, trees, &c., common. IV. V.
488. H. (Amblystegium) radicale. P. Beauv. St. creeping, with sub-erect rigid branches; l. spreading, ovate-lanceolate from a cordate or deltoid base, twice as large as last, and strongly nerved almost to the long tapering apex; per. l. larger serrate; seta long (sometimes 2in.); caps. oblong, much curved, cernuous, not red at mouth; lid conical, with a short sharp beak.
Moist ground amongst grass. Wales. IV. V.
489. H. (Amblystegium) irriguum. Hook. St. procumbent rigid, sometimes pinnate; l. spreading, secund, gradually tapering to a point from a deltoid-ovate somewhat decurrent base, sub-serrulate, strongly nerved nearly to apex; caps. oblong, cernuous, curved, when dry more so, and contracted at mouth; annulus persistent; lid conical, blunt-pointed.
Stones in rivulets and streams. IV.
490. H. (Amblystegium) fluviatile. Swartz. St. procumbent, with simple, prostrate, not rigid branches; l. ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, entire, concave, strongly nerved almost to apex; caps. slender, elliptical, elongate, sub-erect, only slightly curved; lid conical.
Rocks and stones in mountain streams. V. VI.
2. L. areolæ narrow, rhomboido-hexagonal, prosenchymatous at base only, rectangulo–6–gonal.
491. H. (Amblystegium) riparium. Dill. St. longer, creeping, with sub-pinnate sub-erect branches; l. spreading, sub-complanate, ovate-lanceolate entire, nerved two-thirds or more; caps. oblong-cylindrical curved, cernuous, contracted at mouth when dry; lid conical pointed.
Stones, &c., near pools, sometimes in water. V. VI.
Sub-genus XII. eu-Hypnum. St. erect or procumbent, sometimes radiculose and pinnate; l. patent, squarrose, or falcato-secund, nerve various or none; areolæ narrowly linear,, often dilated, and transparent at base; caps. incurved cernuous on a smooth seta; lid convexo-conical, mammillate, rarely rostrate; perist. perfect.
Sect. I. Branches straggling or sub-pinnate; l. squarrose-divaricate or stellate and patent.
a. Monoicous.
492. H. Halleki. L. Jun. St. creeping, with pinnate erect branches; l. crowded lanceolate, recurved from a roundish ovate base, acuminate, serrulate, almost squarrose, faintly two-nerved at base or nerveless; caps. oblong curved cernuous; lid conical, blunt.
Alpine rocks, rare. VIII.
493. H. polymorphum. Hedw. “St. procumbent, branches simple, erect, slender; l. spreading, almost squarrose, sub-secund, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, entire, nerveless; caps. oblong, curved, cernuous, lid conical.” [Bry. Brit.]
Limestone walls, banks and rocks. V.
b. Dioicous.
494. H. elodes. Spruce. St. elongate, slender, with sub-pinnate slender sub-erect branches: l. distant, spreading; br. l. lanceolate-subulate, apex almost setaceous, secund; st. l. wider, less secund; all entire, nerved nearly or quite to apex: caps. cylindrical curved cernuous; lid conical.
Wet places and bogs. IV. V.
[Wilson states the leaves to be sub-denticulate at base only, whilst his figure is evidently serrulate above and entire at base. I can find no indications of denticulation, even under a ¼inch, except perhaps an occasional slight protrusion of an odd cell here and there, but this cannot be called even denticulate.]
495. H. chrysophyllum. Brid. St. creeping pinnate; l. almost squarrose sub-second, from a cordate-ovate base, tapering into long setaceous points, entire, nerved more than half way, rarely absent; areolæ not enlarged or diaphanous at base; caps. large cylindrical, curved, cernuous; lid conical.
Fallow ground, chalk hills, &c. V.—IX.
496. H. stellatum. Dill. St. 1–2in. erect, densely tufted: branches irregular or sub-pinnate, cuspidate; l. squarrose, recurved, rather suddenly tapering into a long point from a deltoid-ovate base, with a few large diaphanous cells at basal angles, nerveless, entire; caps. oblong curved cernuous; lid convex pointed.
Marshes and bogs. V. VI.
c. Polygamous.
497. H. Polygamum. Bry. Eur. St. 1in. or more, procumbent, sub-pinnate; l. spreading, almost squarrose, ovate-lanceolate, tapering into shorter points than last two, entire, nerved about half way, areolæ larger at base; caps. oblong, sub-cernuous, or almost erect; lid conical pointed.
Wet swampy places. V.
var. β. stagnation. “st. longer, sub-erect, more pinnate; l. with a longer nerve; seta longer, often 3in. or more.”
Sect. II. St. pinnately branched; l. falcato-secund, nerve single, areolæ linear.
a. Dioicous.
† Stems and branches strongly hooked at apex.
498. H. aduncum. Dill. L.[[1]] (H. exannulatum, Gümb.) St. 2–4in. erect, sub-pinnate; br. short, simple, few; l. crowded, narrow, falcato-secund, lanceolate acuminate, striate, faintly sub-serrulate near the base; nerved nearly to apex; basal cells larger and inflated, gradually passing into the long narrower ones above; capsule sub-cylindrical, curved, cernuous, on a seta 1in. long or more.
[1]. This name has been wrongly given to some half-dozen different species; but I am informed by Dr. Braithwaite (in lit. 29, Mch. 1872), that he has recently consulted the original specimen of Dillenius on which Linnæus founded the species, and from his examination the synonymy of this group must be altered as above. The diagnoses of this and the next four species are from his pen; the name aduncum should be retained as being older than exannulatum.
Marshes and marshy heaths. IV. V.
499. H. Kneiffii. B. & S. (H. aduncum, Hedw. Stirpes, IV., t. 24, and Schp.) St. 2–6in. long, erect, sub-pinnate; l. falcato-secund, somewhat distant, lanceolate acuminate, occasionally faintly sub-serrulate near the base, thinly nerved two-thirds the length, not striate, basal angles decurrent excavate, of lax sub-quadrate cells, those above elongate rectangular; caps. cylindrical oblong arcuate, broadly annulate.
Swamps and marshes. VI.
500. H. Sendtneri. Schpr. (H. aduncum, ε hamatum and ζ giganteum, Bry. Eur.) St. 3–6in. simple, pinnate; l. falcato-secund, broadly oblong-lanceolate, hooked above, distinctly auricled at sub-decurrent angles, glossy, lightly sulcate only when dry, nerve vanishing below apex; basal cells rectangular, hyaline, yellowish, at angles brownish-yellow lax; caps. ovate-oblong, erect at base, arcuate.
Bogs. Scotland, and near Birmingham.
var. β. Wilsoni. St. very tall, sometimes 1ft., yellow green, with slender, nearly simple branches; l. larger, with a filiform acumen, auricles very small.
501. H. vernicosum. Lindb. 1861. (H. pellucidum, Wils. MS.; H. aduncum, var. tenue, Bry. Brit.) St. erect, rather rigid, pinnate; l. shorter falcato-secund, the apical ones involute, ovate, oblong-lanceolate, distinctly sulcate, neither auricled nor decurrent, very glossy, yellow green, nerve vanishing far below apex; cells very narrow, vermicular, purplish at base; caps. oblong cernuous, arcuate.
Wybunbury Bog, Cheshire.
502. H. intermedium. Lindb. (H. Cossoni, Schpr.) In habit like H. Sendtneri, var. β. St. elongate, flexuoso-erect, interruptedly pinnate; branches very unequal; l. falcato-secund, ovate-oblong, becoming lanceolate, not furrowed, with minute decurrent auricles, nerve vanishing far below apex; cells very narrow vermicular opaque; outer per. l. squarrose; fr. as in Sendtneri.
Bogs, frequent.
† † Brandies and stems scarcely hooked.
503. H. lycopodioides. Neck. St. about 2in. erect, sub-pinnate, rather rigid; l. falcato-secund, ovate-acuminute, tapering to an acute point, but not apiculate, concave, entire, nerved nearly to apex, not striate; caps. oblong cernuous, lid conical.
Bogs and marshes: fr. rare. V.
var. β. falcatum. l. more crowded, more falcate, nerve stronger. Near Copgrove, Yorkshire.
b. Monoicous.
504. H. fluitans. Dill. St. 6–12in. erect or floating, pinnate, slender; branches short deflexed; l. falcato-secund, lanceolate, tapering from an ovate base, acuminate, slightly serrulate near apex, thinly nerved more than half way, areolæ enlarged at base; caps. small oblong curved sub-cernuous, on a very long seta; lid conical, acute.
Marshes, bogs, &c. IV. V.
505. H. revolvens. Swartz. St. 2–4in. erect or procumbent, sub-pinnate; l. crowded circinnate falcate, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, concave, serrulate near apex, deep red or purplish; nerve stronger, more than half way; areolæ not enlarged at base; caps. oblong cernuous, on a shorter seta; lid conical acute.
Bogs and marshes. IV. V.
506. H. uncinatum. Hall. St. about 2in. slender, erect or procumbent, sub-pinnate; l. circinnate secund, very narrow, lanceolate, setaceous from a broader base, plicate, serrulate, nerved nearly to apex; caps. cylindrical, curved, cernuous, lid conical.
Sub-alpine walls and rocks. V. VI.
Sect. III. St. regularly pinnate, radiculose, tomentose; l. thickly nerved, opaque; caps. sub-arcuate.
507. H. commutatum. Dill. St. 4in. or more, procumbent; br. about ½in.—both more or less uncinate; radicles brownish; l. circinnate, secund, tapering to a slender long point from an ovate base, plicate, twisted when dry, finely serrulate, nerved more than half way, areolæ narrow; caps. large oblong, lid conical: dioicous.
Wet shady places. IV.
508. H. sulcatum. Schpr. Loosely cæspitose; st. rigid, without radicles, sub-pinnate; l. partly broadly elongate-lanceolate, partly sharply lanceolate from broadly ovate base, all reflexed hamulose; nerve strong. [Schp. Syn. 699.]
Mountainous places. Ben Lawers, July, 1865 (G. E. Hunt.)
509. H. falcatum. Brid. (H. commutatum var. condensatum, Bry. Brit.) St. 2–3in. cæspitose, erect, sparingly branched; l. as in commutatum, but less circinnate and more rigid, undulate, nerved nearly to apex; capsule small, curved cernuous. [Bry. Eur. VI., 607. Schp. Syn., 613.]
Sub-alpine places and bogs. V. VI.
510. H. filicinum. Dill. St. 2–4in. sub-erect, slender, pinnate, with purplish radicles; l. spreading, falcato-secund, st. l. deltoid-ovate, tapering; br. l. ovate-lanceolate—all serrulate, scarcely twisted when dry, nerved to or beyond apex; areolæ oval, rather large, larger rhomboid and pellucid at base; caps. oblong curved, cernuous, lid conical acute: dioicous.
Marshes, wet rocks. IV.
var. β. vallisclausæ. Brid. l. sub-secund, nerve very strong and excurrent. Ormeshead; Derbyshire.
Sect. IV. St. robust, without radicles, irregularly pinnate; l. scariose, shining, strongly rugose; areolæ vermicular above, the rest small quadrate; caps. sub-arcuate, lid rostrate, annulus broad.
511. H. rugosum. Dill. St. 2–3in. rigid, erect, densely tufted; br. recurved; l. crowded, falcato-secund, serrulate and recurved at margin, lanceolate acuminate from a broad base, rugose at back, nerved more than half way; caps. sub-cylindrical curved, pale reddish brown; lid large yellowish, with an oblique beak: dioicous.
Limestone and other rocks; barren in England. Spring (?)
Sect. V. St. creeping, cæspitose, pinnate, l. curved secund, areolæ loosely rhomboid; caps. incurved cernuous, compressed below mouth when dry.
512. H. incurvatum. Brid. St. short slender, branches curved upwards; l. ovate-lanceolate, tapering, all pointing upwards, entire, shortly two-nerved; caps. small, ovate, horizontal; lid short, conical, acute: monoicous.
Shady walls and stones. VI. VII.
Sect. VI. St. more or less regularly pinnate; l. falcato-secund, two or singly nerved, or nerveless, areolæ narrowly linear, quadrate at basal angles; caps. sub-cylindrical incurved; lid large, shortly rostellate.
a. Monoicous.
513. H. Breadalbanense. Buchanan White. “St. procumbent or sub-erect, covered with villi; vaguely pinnate; l. secund ovate-lanceolate concave, nerve strong single, reaching about half way, margin of base slightly recurved; sub-denticulate.”
Breadalbane Mts. and Ben Lawers 1865 (Dr. F. B. White). Fruit not known.
514. H. hamulosum. Frölich (?) St. 1in. or more, procumbent pinnate; br. hooked at apex; l. circinnate-secund, much curved, tapering into a long slender sub-serrulate point from an ovate-lanceolate base, nerveless; caps. sub-cylindrical curved, tapering at base, lid conical pointed:
Alpine grassy declivities. Summer.
var. β. micranthum. smaller, l. shorter pointed, and faintly two-nerved; caps. more oval, with an obtuse lid. Ben Lawers, &c.
b. Dioicous.
515. H. rupestre. Buchanan White. St. procumbent, covered with very short villi, irregularly pinnate; l. strongly falcato-secund, lanceolate acuminate from a wide base, much curved; obscurely two-nerved, margin plane, scarcely denticulate.
Ben Lawers, August, 1865.
Fr. unknown.
516. H. Bambergeri. B. & S. Rather small dense tufts, yellowish green above, passing to yellow-fuscous at base; st. without radicles or villi, sub-pinnate, br. few fastigiate; l. densely crowded secund, strongly circinnate, ovate-lanceolate elongate, entire, with a long point, faintly two-nerved, one usually larger than the other; alar cells few, rather obscure, yellow, upper linear elongate; fr. not known.
Near summit of Ben Lawers, July, 1867 (Dr. Fraser).
517. H. imponens. Hedw. Cæspitose, sub-pinnate, l. imbricate, circinnate secund, filiform from a broad ovate-oblong base, margin reflexed below, and minutely serrate, obsoletely two-nerved; br. l. much narrower, and at apex of br. convolute, and hamato-incurved; per. l. nerveless filiform flexuose apiculate; caps. sub-erect cylindrical incurved; lid convexo-conical, acutely pointed yellowish, annulus broad. [Bry. Eur. VI., 597. Schp. Syn. 625.]
Woods and stony ground. Autumn.
Reigate Heath (Mr. Mitten), 1864.
518. H. cupressiforme. Dill. St. about 1in. procumbent; l. falcato-secund, pointing downwards, sharply acuminate from an ovate-lanceolate base, slightly serrulate, nerveless or faintly two-nerved; per. l. erect, almost piliferous; caps. sub-cylindrical cernuous, curved, lid conical, cuspidate.
Walls, rocks, trunks of trees, &c. XI. XII.
var. β. compressum. st. slender pinnate, reddish, with compressed foliage; l. pale green, serrulate at apex; seta long slender; caps. short, elliptic oblong. γ. minus. pinnate; br. slender: l. narrow, falcate serrulate, margin recurved, caps. small erect. Trunks of trees.
519. H. resupinatum. Wils. St. creeping, sub-pinnate; l. erecto-patent, secund, pointing upwards, ovate-lanceolate, tapering to a point, entire, nerveless; caps. oblong erect, almost symmetrical; lid with an oblique beak.
Walls, rocks, trees, &c. X. XII.
520. H. Lindbergh. Mitt. Jour, of Bot. I., p. 123. (H. pratense, Bry. Brit. 399.) “St. sparingly branched in an irregular manner, without any appearance of becoming pinnate; l. loosely compressed ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, but with a broad point,[[2]] margins entire, nerveless; cells at angles enlarged and pale; caps., according to Lindberg, is on a rather thick seta 1in. long, turgid ovate, when dry plicate.”
[2]. Some of the leaves, even on authenticated specimens, have longer and narrower points (acuminate), but in no case that I have seen are they denticulate.
“Damp sandy ground among thin grass, not in bogs. The fr. has been gathered once by Dr. Klingraff in June, in W. Prussia.”
“H. pratense differs from above in its irregularly pinnate stems, more compressed foliage, l. lanceolate with a narrow point denticulate at apex, and the enlarged basal cells of same colour; not found in Britain.”
521. H. arcuatum. Lindb. (H. pratense, var. β. Bry. Brit.) “L. more falcato-secund, scarcely complanate.”
Clay soils, common.
Sect. VII. Prostrate or ascending, rooting, regularly pinnate; l. hamate, circinnato-secund; caps. cernuous, solid, lid convexo-conical.
522. H. molluscum. Dill. St. soft, 1–2in. sub-erect; l. circinnate secund; st. l. cordate; br. l. ovate-lanceolate—all tapering acuminate, striate, serrulate, and faintly two-nerved, crisped when dry; caps. ovate, horizontal; lid conical, large, sharply pointed.
Moist banks and limestone rocks, common. XI.
Sect. VIII. St. erect, rigid, villose, regularly pinnate; l. hamate; caps. oblong, incurved, solid.
523. H. Crista-castrensis. L. St. sub-erect, 3–4in. pectinate; st. l. ovate-acuminate, br. l. narrowly lanceolate acuminate, strongly striate, serrulate near apex—all circinnato-secund, faintly two-nerved, margin reflexed; caps. oblong curved, cernuous, lid conical, pointed; dioicous.
Woods and alpine rocks. VII. VIII.
Sect. IX. St. soft cæspitose, prostrate, branched; l. falcato-secund, rarely spreading, faintly nerved; areolæ linear; per. l. long, deeply sulcate; caps. incurved cernuous, lid convexo-conical or mammillate.
a. Monoicous.
524. H. palustre. Dill. St. creeping; br. ascending, crowded, curved, cuspidate and convolute at apex; l. generally secund, sometimes almost falcate, elliptic-entire, strongly concave, pointed; either nerveless, shortly two-nerved or singly nerved half way; per. l. erect, distinctly striate; caps. ovate, slightly curved; cernuous; lid conical, pointed.
Stones and rocks in streams. V.
var. β. l. imbricate, not secund. γ. subsphœricarpon. l. strongly nerved nearly to apex; caps. roundish ovate, tumid.
525. H. dilatatum. Wils. (H. molle, Bry. Eur.) Plant of somewhat firm growth; l. rotundo-ovate, rather concave, suddenly apiculate, texture very close, areolæ long and very narrow; nerve double, short slender, but well defined (fide G. E. Hunt). Caps. ovate cernuous curved, lid conical.
At a low elevation. N. Wales, Yorkshire, Berkshire, Clova, Braemar.
526. H. molle, Dicks. (H. alpestre (?) Bry. Eur., non Swartz.) Very weak and flaccid, the tufts falling to pieces on removal from the water; l. varying from ovate to rotundo-ovate, flat, or sometimes very slightly reflexed towards apex, gradually tapering upwards, or very rarely suddenly apiculate; texture somewhat loose, areolæ larger and wider than in last; nerve rather long and thick, ill-defined, single or double (fide G. E. Hunt). Caps. as above.
Great elevations. Ben-mac-Dhui, Ben Nevis.
[The above two diagnoses are from a paper by Mr. G. E. Hunt, on Perthshire and Braemar Mosses in Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc. and Manchester, 1868–9, p. 320.]
527. H. arcticum. Sommerfelt. St. 1–2in. creeping; br. elongate, simple, obtuse; l. spreading, green above, purplish below, small, broadly ovate or roundish, somewhat obtuse, entire, strongly two-nerved about half way, sometimes nerves blended into one; caps. ovate, cernuous, tapering into the seta; lid conical.
Alpine rivulets. VI.
528. H. eugyrium. Schpr. St. short, much branched; l. crowded, st. l. drooping on two sides, broadly oblong-lanceolate, shortly acuminate; br. l. flexuoso-falcate, plano-concave, elongate-lanceolate narrower, serrulate at apex; nerve thin, unequally bifid; areolæ vermicular excavate, fulvous, and rectangular at the decurrent angles; per. l., external spreading, internal erect, longly lanceolate, with erose apices; caps. ovate-oblong cernuous, turgid, lid mammillate; annulus broadly bi-triseriate. [Bry. Eur. VI., t. 579. Schp. Syn., 639.]
Stones in waterfalls. Summer.
N. Wales, Devonshire, Killarney.
b. Dioicous.
529. H. ochraceum. Turn. St. 2–4in., tufted filiform, sub-erect, sparingly branched; l. yellowish green sub-secund, sometimes falcate, distant, ovate-lanceolate, pointed, concave, nerve forked, extending half way; per. l. squarrose recurved; caps. oblong, tapering at base, cernuous; lid conical.
Stones in alpine and sub-alpine streams, &c. V. VI.
Sect. X. Erect or procumbent, stem simple or more or less pinnate; l. patent, rarely sub-complanate, or sub-secund, thinly single-nerved, or shortly two-nerved, shining; areolæ linear; caps. incurved cernuous; lid mammillate or convexo-conical.
1. St. more or less regularly pinnate; l. patent or loosely imbricate.
a. Monoicous.
530. H. cordifolium. Swartz. Bright green above, reddish brown below; st. 3–6in. erect, sub-pinnate; br. short slender; l. spreading, almost squarrose, convolute and cuspidate at tip of branches, distant, cordate-ovate, obtuse, or slightly apiculate, concave entire, strongly nerved almost to apex; cells scarcely enlarged at base; caps. oblong, suddenly horizontal, not tapering at base; lid conical.
Marshes and ditches. IV. V.
b. Dioicous.
531. H. giganteum. Schp. St. erect, thick, often 1ft. long, densely pinnate; st. l. patent, broadly cordate-ovate, strongly nerved to apex; cells linear, excavate and quadrate at basal angles; br. l. lingulate narrow, terminal ones twisted and subulate; per. l. oblong-lanceolate; caps. oblong-cylindrical, sub-incurved, horizontal, on a long seta; annulus none; lid mammillate. [Schp. Syn. 642.]
Marshes. Hale Moss and Wybunbury Bog. Summer.
532. H. sarmentosum. Wahl. St. 1in. or more, procumbent, sub-pinnate; br. short cuspidate; foliage red or purplish; l. much crowded, sub-erect, elliptic-oblong, scarcely pointed, concave, entire, nerved almost to apex; areolæ large, quadrate and pellucid at basal angles; caps. ovate-oblong, cernuous.
Wet alpine rocks. Spring (?)
533. H. cuspidatum. Dill. St. 2–6in. erect, pinnate; terminal foliage cuspidate; l. spreading, almost squarrose, when young erect appressed and convolute; ovate, obtuse, entire, nerveless or shortly two-nerved; cells enlarged and pellucid at basal angles; caps. oblong, much curved, tapering below; lid conical acute.
Marshes. V. VI.
534. H. Schreberi. Dill. St. 4–6in. erect, pinnate, deep red, with slender curved branches, somewhat cuspidate at summit; l. convolute, afterwards erecto-patent, elliptical, concave, obtuse, shortly two-nerved; cells enlarged at basal angles; caps. ovate-oblong curved cernuous; lid conical, pointed.
Woods and shady banks. X. XI.
535. H. purum. Dill. St. 4–6in., not coloured, erect, pinnate; br. slightly curved, not cuspidate at apex; l. closely imbricate, broadly elliptical, concave, with recurved points, almost boat-shaped, entire, nerved half way; caps. ovate, suddenly horizontal; lid conical.
Shady banks. X. XI.
2. St. almost simple, or sparingly branched; l. closely imbricate when dry: dioicous.
536. H. stramineum. Dicks. St. 2–4in. erect, filiform, with few erect branches; l. erecto-patent, elliptic-oblong, obtuse, entire, concave, thinly nerved nearly to apex; cells enlarged quadrate and pellucid at basal angles; caps. small, ovate, curved, cernuous; lid short, conical.
Marshes amongst Sphagnum; rare in fr. IV. V.
537. H. trifarium. W. & M. St. 2–3in. erect or trailing, sparingly branched; l. very closely imbricate, fragile when dry; generally but not always trifarious, roundish obtuse, inflated, entire, nerved almost to apex; caps. oval-oblong, curved, cernuous; lid conical.
Alpine bogs and turfy rills. VI. (?)
Sect. XI. Fastigiate, sparingly branched; l. imbricate secund, ventricose, faintly nerved.
538. H. scorpioides. Dill. St. 3–4in. erect or procumbent, irregularly pinnate; branches short; l. crowded, imbricate, falcato-secund, large, roundish ovate, ventricose, apiculate, entire, nerveless or faintly and shortly two-nerved, purplish brown or lurid; caps. short oblong curved, tumid, cernuous, on a long seta; lid conical, pointed.
Bogs. V.
Sub-genus XIII. Hylocomium. St. woody, pinnate or bipinnate, or sparingly branched; l. scariose, shining, sulcate, thinly two-nerved, without radicles; cells narrow, linear, broader at base; caps. ovate or ovate-globose, coriaceous, lid mammillate, perist. large, perfect.
a. irregularly bi-tripinnate, l. loosely imbricate; lid rostrate.
539. H. (Hylocomium) splendens. Dill. St. 2–6in., erect or procumbent, interruptedly bi-tripinnate, villous, reddish; fol. reddish or fulvous green; st. l. roundish elliptical, with long wavy points; br. l. with a short point or muticous—all imbricate concave serrate, shortly two-nerved, margin recurved below; caps. ovate, curved, cernuous; lid convex, tapering into a long beak: dioicous.
Grassy banks, woods, &c. IV.
b. irregularly pinnate, l. patent, lid mammillate or shortly beaked.
540. H. (Hylocomium) umbratum. Ehrh. St. arched, sub-erect, with branched villi, irregularly bipinnate; l. yellowish green, glossy, cordate acuminate, serrate, plicato-striate, nerve unequally bifurcate; caps. short, roundish, obovate, curved, cernuous; lid conical, acute: dioicous.
Alpine woods on stones. XI.
541. H. (Hylocomium) Oakesii. Sulliv. St. arched, irregularly and distantly pinnate, with branched villi; l. larger, elliptical, concave, not cordate, plicato-striate, serrate, and sharply acuminate, singly nerved half way or shortly two-nerved, margin recurved; per. l. squarrose; caps. roundish ovate, gibbous above, cernuous; lid conical, shortly beaked: dioicous.
Alpine rocks. Autumn (?)
542. H. (Hylocomium) brevirostre. Ehrh. St. 2–6in. arched, erect, with branched villi, irregularly bipinnate; st. l. distant, almost squarrose, plicato-striate, cordate, and suddenly acuminate; br. l. ovate-acuminate, not so suddenly acuminate, striate—all serrulate and two-nerved half way; caps. roundish ovate, cernuous; lid conical, tapering into a rather long inclined beak: dioicous.
Mountainous woods. X. XI.
c. L. squarrose.
543. H. (Hylocomium) squarrosum. Dill. St. 2–3in. reddish, slender, more or less erect, irregularly pinnate; br. drooping; st. l. squarrose, recurved, ovate, gradually tapering and very acute, faintly striate below; br. l. narrower, less recurved, and squarrose—all serrulate and shortly two-nerved: caps. roundish ovate, drooping; lid conical, with a short sharp point: dioicous.
Banks and woods. XI.
544. H. (Hylocomium) triquetrum. Dill. St. 6in. or more, rigid, reddish, erect, sub-pinnate; br. long straggling; st. l. squarrose or sub-secund, striate; br. l. spreading, scarcely striate—all triangular acuminate from a cordate, amplexicaul base, serrulate and two-nerved half way; caps. roundish ovate, cernuous; lid conical, acute: dioicous.
Woods, &c. XI.
d. L. secund, or falcato-secund.
545. H. (Hylocomium) loreum. Dill. St. 6–12in. slender, erect, or procumbent, more or less pinnate; br. drooping straggling; l. squarrose, recurved, more or less secund at summit of stem and branches, ovate-lanceolate, with a long acumen, not cordate or amplexicaul; plicato-striate below; shortly and faintly two-nerved, sometimes nerveless; caps. small roundish ovate; lid conical, sharply pointed: dioicous.
Mountainous woods. XI.