INDEX.
A.
Aberrant groups, [429].
Abyssinia, plants of, [375].
Acclimatisation, [139].
Affinities of extinct species, [329].
—— of organic beings, [411].
Agassiz on Amblyopsis, [139].
—— on groups of species suddenly appearing, [302], [305].
—— on embryological succession, [338].
—— on the glacial period, [366].
—— on embryological characters, [418].
—— on the embryos of vertebrata, [439].
—— on parallelism of embryological development and geological succession, [449].
Algæ of New Zealand, [376].
Alligators, males, fighting, [88].
Amblyopsis, blind fish, [139].
America, North, productions allied to those of Europe, [371].
————, boulders and glaciers of, [373].
——, South, no modern formations on west coast, [290].
Ammonites, sudden extinction of, [321].
Anagallis, sterility of, [247].
Analogy of variations, [159].
Ancylus, [386].
Animals, not domesticated from being variable, [17].
——, domestic, descended from several stocks, [19].
————, acclimatisation of, [141].
—— of Australia, [116].
—— with thicker fur in cold climates, [133].
——, blind, in caves, [137].
——, extinct, of Australia, [339].
Anomma, [240].
Antarctic islands, ancient flora of, [399].
Antirrhinum, [161].
Ants attending aphides, [210].
——, slave-making instinct, [219].
——, neuter, structure of, [236].
Aphides, attended by ants, [210].
Aphis, development of, [442].
Apteryx, [182].
Arab horses, [35].
Aralo-Caspian Sea, [339].
Archaic, M. de, on the succession of species, [325].
Artichoke, Jerusalem, [142].
Ascension, plants of, [389].
Asclepias, pollen of, [193].
Asparagus, [359].
Aspicarpa, [417].
Asses, striped, [163].
Ateuchus, [135].
Audubon on habits of frigate-bird, [185].
—— on variation in birds'-nests, [212].
—— on heron eating seeds, [387].
Australia, animals of, [116].
——. dogs of, [215].
——, extinct animals of, [339].
——, European plants in, [375].
Azara on flies destroying cattle, [72].
Azores, flora of, [363].
B.
Babington, Mr., on British plants, [48].
Balancement of growth, [147].
Bamboo with hooks, [197].
Barberry, flowers of, [98].
Barrande, M., on Silurian colonies, [313].
—— on the succession of species, [325].
—— on parallelism of palæozoic formations, [328].
—— on affinities of ancient species, [330].
Barriers, importance of, [347].
Batrachians on islands, [393].
Bats, how structure acquired, [180].
——, distribution of, [394].
Bear, catching water-insects, [184].
Bee, sting of, [202].
——, queen, killing rivals, [202].
Bees fertilising flowers, [73].
——, hive, not sucking the red clover, [95].
————, cell-making instinct, [224].
——, humble, cells of, [225].
——, parasitic, [218].
Beetles, wingless, in Madeira, [135].
—— with deficient tarsi, [135].
Bentham, Mr., on British plants, [48].
——, on classification, [419].
Berkeley, Mr., on seeds in salt-water, [358].
Bermuda, birds of, [391].
Birds acquiring fear, [212].
—— annually cross the Atlantic, [364].
——, colour of, on continents, [132].
——, footsteps and remains of, in secondary rocks, [304].
——, fossil, in caves of Brazil, [339].
—— of Madeira, Bermuda, and Galapagos, [391].
——, song of males, [89].
—— transporting seeds, [361].
——, waders, [385].
——, with traces of embryonic teeth, [450].
Bizcacha, [349].
——, affinities of, [429].
Bladder for swimming in fish, [190].
Blindness of cave animals, [137].
Blyth, Mr., on distinctness of Indian cattle, [18].
——, on striped Hemionus, [163].
——, on crossed geese, [254].
Boar, shoulder-pad of, [88].
Borrow, Mr., on the Spanish pointer, [35].
Bory St. Vincent on Batrachians, [393].
Bosquet, M., on fossil Chthamalus, [305].
Boulders, erratic, on the Azores, [363].
Branchiæ, [190].
Brent, Mr., on house-tumblers, [214].
——, on hawks killing pigeons, [362].
Brewer, Dr., on American cuckoo, [217].
Britain, mammals of, [396].
Bronn on duration of specific forms, [294].
Brown, Robert, on classification, [415].
Buckman on variation in plants, [10].
Buzareingues on sterility of varieties, [270].
C.
Cabbage, varieties of, crossed, [99].
Calceolaria, [251].
Canary-birds, sterility of hybrids, [252].
Cape de Verde islands, [398].
Cape of Good Hope, plants of, [110], [375].
Carrier-pigeons killed by hawks, [362].
Cassini on flowers of compositæ, [145].
Catasetum, [424].
Cats, with blue eyes, deaf, [12].
——, variation in habits of, [91].
—— curling tail when going to spring, [201].
Cattle destroying fir-trees, [72].
—— destroyed by flies in La Plata, [72].
——, breeds of, locally extinct, [111].
——, fertility of Indian and European breeds, [254].
Cave, inhabitants of, blind, [137].
Centres of creation, [352].
Cephalopodæ, development of, [442].
Cervulus, [253].
Cetacea, teeth and hair, [144].
Ceylon, plants of, [375].
Chalk formation, [322].
Characters, divergence of, [111].
——, sexual, variable, [156].
——, adaptive or analogical, [426].
Charlock, [76].
Checks to increase, [67].
—— ——, mutual, [71].
Chickens, instinctive tameness of, [216].
Chthamalinæ, [289].
Chthamalus, cretacean species of, [305].
Circumstances favourable to selection of domestic products, [40].
—— —— to natural selection, [102].
Cirripedes capable of crossing, [101].
——, carapace aborted, [148].
——, their ovigerous frena, [192].
——, fossil, [304].
——, larvæ of, [440].
Classification, [413].
Clift, Mr., on the succession of types, [339].
Climate, effects of, in checking increase of beings, [68].
——, adaptation of, to organisms, [139].
Cobites, intestine of, [190].
Cockroach, [76].
Collections, palæontological, poor, [288].
Colour, influenced by climate, [132].
——, in relation to attacks by flies, [198].
Columba livia, parent of domestic pigeons, [23].
Colymbetes, [386].
Compensation of growth, [147].
Compositæ, outer and inner florets of, [144].
——, male flowers of, [451].
Conclusion, general, [480].
Conditions, slight changes in, favourable to fertility, [267].
Coot, [185].
Coral-islands, seeds drifted to, [361].
—— reefs, indicating movements of earth, [310].
Corn-crake, [186].
Correlation of growth in domestic productions, [11].
Cowslip, [49].
Creation, single centres of, [352].
Crinum, [250].
Crosses, reciprocal, [258].
Crossing of domestic animals, importance in altering breeds, [20].
——, advantages of, [96].
—— unfavourable to selection, [102].
Crustacea of New Zealand, [376].
Crustacean, blind, [137].
Cryptocerus, [239].
Ctenomys, blind, [137].
Cuckoo, instinct of, [216].
Currants, grafts of, [262].
Currents of sea, rate of, [360].
Cuvier on conditions of existence, [206].
—— on fossil monkeys, [304].
——, Fred., on instinct, [208].
D.
Dana, Prof., on blind cave-animals, [139].
——, on relations of crustaceans of Japan, [372].
——, on crustaceans of New Zealand, [376].
De Candolle on struggle for existence, [62].
—— on umbelliferæ, [146].
—— on general affinities, [430].
——, Alph., on low plants, widely dispersed, [406].
——, ——, on widely-ranging plants being variable, [53].
——, ——, on naturalisation, [115].
——, ——, on winged seeds, [146].
——, ——, on Alpine species suddenly becoming rare, [175].
——, ——, on distribution of plants with large seeds, [360].
——, ——, on vegetation of Australia, [379].
——, ——, on fresh-water plants, [386].
——, ——, on insular plants, [389].
Degradation of coast-rocks, [282].
Denudation, rate of, [285].
—— of oldest rocks, [308].
Development of ancient forms, [336].
Devonian system, [334].
Dianthus, fertility of crosses, [256].
Dirt on feet of birds, [362].
Dispersal, means of, [356].
—— during glacial period, [365].
Distribution, geographical, [346].
——, means of, [356].
Disuse, effects of, under nature, [134].
Divergence of character, [111].
Division, physiological, of labour, [115].
Dogs, hairless, with imperfect teeth, [12].
—— descended from several wild stocks, [18].
——, domestic instincts of, [213].
——, inherited civilisation of, [215].
——, fertility of breeds together, [254].
——, —— of crosses, [268].
——, proportions of, when young, [444].
Domestication, variation under, [7].
Downing, Mr., on fruit-trees in America, [85].
Downs, North and South, [286].
Dragon-flies, intestines of, [190].
Drift-timber, [360].
Driver-ant, [240].
Drones killed by other bees, [202].
Duck, domestic, wings of, reduced, [11].
——, logger-headed, [182].
Duckweed, [385].
Dugong, affinities of, [414].
Dung-beetles with deficient tarsi, [135].
Dyticus, [386].
E.
Earl, Mr. W., on the Malay Archipelago, [395].
Ears, drooping, in domestic animals, [11].
——, rudimentary, [454].
Earth, seeds in roots of trees, [361].
Eciton, [238].
Economy of organisation, [147].
Edentata, teeth and hair, [144].
——, fossil species of, [339].
Edwards, Milne, on physiological divisions of labour, [115].
——, on gradations of structure, [194].
——, on embryonical characters, [418].
Eggs, young birds escaping from, [87].
Electric organs, [192].
Elephant, rate of increase, [64].
—— of glacial period, [141].
Embryology, [438].
Existence, struggle for, [60].
——, conditions of, [206].
Extinction, as bearing on natural selection, [109].
—— of domestic varieties, [111],
——, [317].
Eye, structure of, [187].
——, correction for aberration, [202].
Eyes reduced in moles, [137].
F.
Fabre, M. on parasitic sphex, [218].
Falconer, Dr., on naturalisation of plants in India, [65].
—— on fossil crocodile, [313].
—— on elephants and mastodons, [334].
—— and Cautley on mammals of sub-Himalayan beds, [340].
Falkland Island, wolf of, [394].
Faults, [285].
Faunas, marine, [348].
Fear, instinctive, in birds, [212].
Feet of bird, young molluscs adhering to, [385].
Fertility of hybrids, [249].
—— from slight changes in conditions, [267].
—— of crossed varieties, [268].
Fir-trees destroyed by cattle, [72].
—— ——, pollen of, [203].
Fish, flying, [182].
——, teleostean, sudden appearance of, [305].
—— eating seeds, [362], [387].
——, fresh-water, distribution of, [384].
Fishes, ganoid, now confined to fresh water, [107].
——, electric organs of, [192].
——, ganoid, living in fresh water, [321].
—— of southern hemisphere, [376].
Flight, powers of, how acquired, [182].
Flowers, structure of, in relation to crossing, [97].
—— of compositæ and umbelliferæ, [144].
Forbes, E., on colours of shells, [132].
—— on abrupt range of shells in depth, [175].
—— on poorness of palæontological collections, [288].
—— on continuous succession of genera, [316].
—— on continental extensions, [357].
—— on distribution during glacial period, [366].
—— on parallelism in time and space, [409].
Forests, changes in, in America, [74].
Formation, Devonian, [334].
Formations, thickness of, in Britain, [284].
——, intermittent, [290].
Formica rufescens, [219].
—— sanguinea, [219].
—— flava, neuter of, [240].
Frena, ovigerous, of cirripedes, [192].
Fresh-water productions, dispersal of, [383].
Fries on species in large genera being closely allied to other species, [57].
Frigate-bird, [185].
Frogs on islands, [393].
Fruit-trees, gradual improvement of, [37].
—— —— in United States, [85].
—— ——, varieties of, acclimatised in United States, [142].
Fuci, crossed, [258].
Fur, thicker in cold climates, [133].
Furze, [439].
G.
Galapagos Archipelago, birds of, [390].
——, productions of, [398], [400].
Galeopithecus, [181].
Game, increase of, checked by vermin, [68].
Gärtner on sterility of hybrids, [247], [255].
——, on reciprocal crosses, [258].
——, on crossed maize and verbascum, [270].
——, on comparison of hybrids and mongrels, [272].
Geese, fertility when crossed, [253].
——, upland, [185].
Genealogy important in classification, [425].
Geoffroy St. Hilaire on balancement, [147].
—— —— on homologous organs, [434].
—— ——, Isidore, on variability of repeated parts, [149].
—— ——, on correlation in monstrosities, [11].
—— ——, on correlation, [144].
—— ——, on variable parts being often monstrous, [155].
Geographical distribution, [346].
Geography, ancient, [487].
Geology, future progress of, [487].
——, imperfection of the record, [279].
Giraffe, tail of, [195].
Glacial period, [365].
Gmelin on distribution, [365].
Gnathodon, fossil, [368].
Godwin-Austen, Mr., on the Malay Archipelago, [300].
Goethe on compensation of growth, [147].
Gooseberry, grafts of, [262].
Gould, Dr. A., on land-shells, [397].
——, Mr., on colours of birds, [132].
——, on birds of the Galapagos, [398].
——, on distribution of genera of birds, [404].
Gourds, crossed, [270].
Grafts, capacity of, [261].
Grasses, varieties of, [113].
Gray, Dr. Asa, on trees of United States, [100].
——, on naturalised plants in the United States, [115].
——, on rarity of intermediate varieties, [176].
——, on Alpine plants, [365].
——, Dr. J. E., on striped mule, [165].
Grebe, [185].
Groups, aberrant, [429].
Grouse, colours of, [84].
——, red, a doubtful species, [49].
Growth, compensation of, [147].
——, correlation of, in domestic products, [11].
——, correlation of, [143].
H.
Habit, effect of, under domestication, [11].
——, effect of, under nature, [134].
——, diversified, of same species, [183].
Hair and teeth, correlated, [144].
Harcourt, Mr. E. V., on the birds of Madeira, [391].
Hartung, M. on boulders in the Azores, [363].
Hazel-nuts, [359].
Hearne on habits of bears, [184].
Heath, changes in vegetation, [72].
Heer, O., on plants of Madeira, [107].
Helix pomatia, [397].
Helosciadium, [359].
Hemionus, striped, [163].
Herbert, W., on struggle for existence, [62].
——, on sterility of hybrids, [249].
Hermaphrodites crossing, [96].
Heron eating seed, [387].
Heron, Sir R., on peacocks, [89].
Heusinger on white animals not poisoned by certain plants, [12].
Hewitt, Mr., on sterility of first crosses, [264].
Himalaya, glaciers of, [373].
——, plants of, [375].
Hippeastrum, [250].
Holly-trees, sexes of, [93].
Hollyhock, varieties of, crossed, [271].
Hooker, Dr., on trees of New Zealand, [100].
——, on acclimatisation of Himalayan trees, [140].
——, on flowers of umbelliferæ, [145].
——, on glaciers of Himalaya, [373].
——, on algæ of New Zealand, [376].
——, on vegetation at the base of the Himalaya, [378].
——, on plants of Tierra del Fuego, [374], [378].
——, on Australian plants, [375], [399].
——, on relations of flora of South America, [379].
——, on flora of the Antarctic lands, [381], [399].
——, on the plants of the Galapagos, [392], [398].
Hooks on bamboos, [197].
—— to seeds on islands, [392].
Horner, Mr., on the antiquity of Egyptians, [18].
Horns, rudimentary, [454].
Horse, fossil, in La Plata, [318].
Horses destroyed by flies in La Plata, [72].
——, striped, [163].
——, proportions of, when young, [444].
Horticulturists, selection applied by, [32].
Huber on cells of bees, [230].
——, P., on reason blended with instinct, [208].
——, on habitual nature of instincts, [208].
——, on slave-making ants, [219].
——, on Melipona domestica, [225].
Humble-bees, cells of, [225].
Hunter, J., on secondary sexual characters, [150].
Hutton, Captain, on crossed geese, [254].
Huxley, Prof., on structure of hermaphrodites, [101].
——, on embryological succession, [338].
——, on homologous organs, [438].
——, on the development of aphis, [442].
Hybrids and mongrels compared, [272].
Hybridism, [245].
Hydra, structure of, [190].
I.
Ibla, [148].
Icebergs transporting seeds, [363].
Increase, rate of, [63].
Individuals, numbers favourable to selection, [102].
——, many, whether simultaneously created, [355].
Inheritance, laws of, [12].
—— at corresponding ages, [14], [86].
Insects, colour of, fitted for habitations, [84].
——, sea-side, colours of, [132].
——, blind, in caves, [138].
——, luminous, [193].
——, neuter, [236].
Instinct, [207].
Instincts, domestic, [213].
Intercrossing, advantages of, [96].
Islands, oceanic, [388].
Isolation favourable to selection, [104].
J.
Japan, productions of, [372].
Java, plants of, [375].
Jones, Mr. J. M., on the birds of Bermuda, [391].
Jussieu on classification, [417].
K.
Kentucky, caves of, [137].
Kerguelen-land, flora of, [381], [399].
Kidney-bean, acclimatisation of, [142].
Kidneys of birds, [144].
Kirby on tarsi deficient in beetles, [135].
Knight, Andrew, on cause of variation, [7].
Kölreuter on the barberry, [98].
—— on sterility of hybrids, [246].
—— on reciprocal crosses, [258].
—— on crossed varieties of nicotiana, [271].
—— on crossing male and hermaphrodite flowers, [451].
L.
Lamarck on adaptive characters, [426].
Land-shells, distribution of, [397].
—— of Madeira, naturalised, [403].
Languages, classification of, [422].
Lapse, great, of time, [282].
Larvæ, [440].
Laurel, nectar secreted by the leaves,
Laws of variation, [131].
Leech, varieties of, [76].
Leguminosæ, nectar secreted by glands, [92].
Life, struggle for, [60].
Lingula, Silurian, [307].
Linnæus, aphorism of, [413].
Lion, mane of, [88].
——, young of, striped, [439].
Lobelia, sterility of crosses, [250].
Loess of the Rhine, [384].
Lowness of structure connected with variability, [149].
Lowness, related to wide distribution, [406].
Lubbock, Mr., on the nerves of coccus, [46].
Lucas, Dr. P., on inheritance, [12].
——, on resemblance of child to parent, [275].
Lund and Clausen on fossils of Brazil, [339].
Lyell, Sir C, on the struggle for existence, [62].
——, on modern changes of the earth, [95].
——, on measure of denudation, [284].
——, on a carboniferous land-shell, [289].
——, on strata beneath Silurian system, [308].
——, on the imperfection of the geological record, [311].
——, on the appearance of species, [312].
——, on Barrande's colonies, [313].
——, on tertiary formations of Europe and North America, [323].
——, on parallelism of tertiary formations, [328].
——, on transport of seeds by icebergs, [363].
——, on great alternations of climate, [382].
——, on the distribution of fresh-water shells, [385].
——, on land-shells of Madeira, [402].
Lyell and Dawson on fossilized trees in Nova Scotia, [297].
M.
Macleay on analogical characters, [426].
Madeira, plants of, [107].
——, beetles of, wingless, [135].
——, fossil land-shells of, [339].
——, birds of, [390].
Magpie tame in Norway, [212].
Maize, crossed, [270].
Malay Archipelago compared with Europe, [300].
——, mammals of, [395].
Malpighiaceæ, [417].
Mammæ, rudimentary, [451].
Mammals, fossil, in secondary formation, [304].
——, insular, [394].
Man, origin of races of, [199].
Manatee, rudimentary nails of, [454].
Marsupials of Australia, [116].
——, fossil species of, [339].
Martens, M., experiment on seeds, [360].
Martin, Mr. W. C., on striped mules, [165].
Matteucci on the electric organs of rays, [193].
Matthiola, reciprocal crosses of, [258].
Means of dispersal, [356].
Melipona domestica, [225].
Metamorphism of oldest rocks, [308].
Mice destroying bees, [74].
——, acclimatisation of, [141].
Migration, bears on first appearance of fossils, [297].
Miller, Prof., on the cells of bees, [226].
Mirabilis, crosses of, [258].
Missel-thrush, [76].
Misseltoe, complex relations of, [3].
Mississippi, rate of deposition at mouth, [284].
Mocking-thrush of the Galapagos, [402].
Modification of species, how far applicable, [483].
Moles, blind, [137].
Mongrels, fertility and sterility of, [268].
—— and hybrids compared, [272].
Monkeys, fossil, [304].
Monocanthus, [424].
Mons, Van, on the origin of fruit-trees, [29].
Moquin-Tandon on sea-side plants, [132].
Morphology, [433].
Mozart, musical powers of, [209].
Mud, seeds in, [386].
Mules, striped, [165].
Müller, Dr. F., on Alpine Australian plants, [375].
Murchison, Sir R., on the formations of Russia, [290].
——, on azoic formations, [308].
——, on extinction, [317].
Mustela vison, [179].
Myanthus, [424].
Myrmecocystus, [239].
Myrmica, eyes of, [240].
N.
Nails, rudimentary, [454].
Natural history, future progress of, [485].
—— selection, [80].
—— system, [413].
Naturalisation of forms distinct from the indigenous species, [115].
—— in New Zealand, [201].
Nautilus, Silurian, [307].
Nectar of plants, [92].
Nectaries, how formed, [92].
Nelumbium luteum, [387].
Nests, variation in, [211].
Neuter insects, [236].
Newman, Mr., on humble-bees, [74].
New Zealand, productions of, not perfect, [201].
——, naturalised products of, [337].
——, fossil birds of, [339].
——, glacial action in, [373].
——, crustaceans of, [376].
——, algæ of, [376].
——, number of plants of, [389].
——, flora of, [399].
Nicotiana, crossed varieties of, [271].
——, certain species very sterile, [257].
Noble, Mr., on fertility of Rhododendron, [252].
Nodules, phosphatic, in azoic rocks, [308].
O.
Oak, varieties of, [50].
Onites apelles, [135].
Orchis, pollen of, [193].
Organs of extreme perfection, [186].
——, electric, of fishes, [192].
—— of little importance, [194].
——, homologous, [434].
——, rudiments of, and nascent, [450].
Ornithorhynchus, [107], [416].
Ostrich not capable of flight, [134].
——, habit of laying eggs together, [218].
——, American, two species of, [349].
Otter, habits of, how acquired, [179].
Ouzel, water, [185].
Owen, Prof., on birds not flying, [134].
——, on vegetative repetition, [149].
——, on variable length of arms in ourang-outang, [150].
——, on the swim-bladder of fishes, [191].
——, on electric organs, [192].
——, on fossil horse of La Plata, [319].
——, on relations of ruminants and pachyderms, [329].
——, on fossil birds of New Zealand, [339].
——, on succession of types, [339].
——, on affinities of the dugong, [414].
——, on homologous organs, [434].
——, on the metamorphosis of cephalopods and spiders, [442].
P.
Pacific Ocean, faunas of, [348].
Paley on no organ formed to give pain, [201].
Pallas on the fertility of the wild stocks of domestic animals, [254].
Paraguay, cattle destroyed by flies, [72].
Parasites, [217].
Partridge, dirt on feet, [363].
Parts greatly developed, variable, [150].
——, degrees of utility of, [201].
Parus major, [184].
Passiflora, [251].
Peaches in United States, [85].
Pear, grafts of, [262].
Pelargonium, flowers of, [145].
——, sterility of, [251].
Pelvis of women, [144].
Peloria, [145].
Period, glacial, [365].
Petrels, habits of, [184].
Phasianus, fertility of hybrids, [253].
Pheasant, young, wild, [216].
Philippi on tertiary species in Sicily, [312].
Pictet, Prof., on groups of species suddenly appearing, [302], [305].
——, on rate of organic change, [313].
——, on continuous succession of genera, [316].
——, on close alliance of fossils in consecutive formations, [335].
——, on embryological succession, [338].
Pierce, Mr., on varieties of wolves, [91].
Pigeons with feathered feet and skin between toes, [12].
——, breeds described, and origin of, [20].
——, breeds of, how produced, [39], [42].
——, tumbler, not being able to get out of egg, [87].
——, reverting to blue colour, [160].
——, instinct of tumbling, [214].
——, carriers, killed by hawks, [362].
——, young of, [445].
Pistil, rudimentary, [451].
Plants, poisonous, not affecting certain coloured animals, [12].
——, selection applied to, [32].
——, gradual improvement of, [37].
—— not improved in barbarous countries, [38].
—— destroyed by insects, [67].
——, in midst of range, have to struggle with other plants, [77].
——, nectar of, [92].
——, fleshy, on sea-shores, [132].
——, fresh-water, distribution of, [386].
——, low in scale, widely distributed, [406].
Plumage, laws of change in sexes of birds, [89].
Plums in the United States, [85].
Pointer dog, origin of, [35].
——, habits of, [213].
Poison not affecting certain coloured animals, [12].
——, similar effect of, on animals and plants, [484].
Pollen of fir-trees, [203].
Poole, Col., on striped hemionus, [163].
Potamogeton, [387].
Prestwich, Mr., on English and French eocene formations, [328].
Primrose, [49].
——, sterility of, [247].
Primula, varieties of, [49].
Proteolepas, [148].
Proteus, [139].
Psychology, future progress of, [489].
Q.
Quagga, striped, [165].
Quince, grafts of, [262].
R.
Rabbit, disposition of young, [215].
Races, domestic, characters of, [16].
Race-horses, Arab, [35].
——, English, [356].
Ramond on plants of Pyrenees, [368].
Ramsay, Prof., on thickness of the British formations, [284].
——, on faults, [285].
Ratio of increase, [63].
Rats, supplanting each other, [76].
——, acclimatisation of, [141].
——, blind in cave, [137].
Rattle-snake, [201].
Reason and instinct, [208].
Recapitulation, general, [459].
Reciprocity of crosses, [258].
Record, geological, imperfect, [279].
Rengger on flies destroying cattle, [72].
Reproduction, rate of, [63].
Resemblance to parents in mongrels and hybrids, [273].
Reversion, law of inheritance, [14].
—— in pigeons to blue colour, [160].
Rhododendron, sterility of, [251].
Richard, Prof., on Aspicarpa, [417].
Richardson, Sir J., on structure of squirrels, [180].
——, on fishes of the southern hemisphere, [376].
Robinia, grafts of, [262].
Rodents, blind, [137].
Rudimentary organs, [450].
Rudiments important for classification, [416].
S.
Sagaret on grafts, [262].
Salmons, males fighting, and hooked jaws of, [88].
Salt-water, how far injurious to seeds, [358].
Saurophagus sulphuratus, [183].
Schiödte on blind insects, [138].
Schlegel on snakes, [144].
Sea-water, how far injurious to seeds, [358].
Sebright, Sir J., on crossed animals, [20].
——, on selection of pigeons, [31].
Sedgwick, Prof., on groups of species suddenly appearing, [302].
Seedlings destroyed by insects, [67].
Seeds, nutriment in, [77].
——, winged, [146].
——, power of resisting salt-water, [358].
—— in crops and intestines of birds, [361].
—— eaten by fish, [362], [387].
—— in mud, [386].
——, hooked, on islands, [392].
Selection of domestic products, [29].
——, principle not of recent origin, [33].
——, unconscious, [34].
——, natural, [80].
——, sexual, [87].
——, natural, circumstances favourable to, [102].
Sexes, relations of, [87].
Sexual characters variable, [156].
—— selection, [87].
Sheep, Merino, their selection, [31].
——, two sub-breeds unintentionally produced, [36].
——, mountain, varieties of, [76].
Shells, colours of, [132].
——, littoral, seldom embedded, [288].
——, fresh-water, dispersal of, [385]
—— of Madeira, [391].
——, land, distribution of, [397].
Silene, fertility of crosses, [257].
Silliman, Prof., on blind rat, [137].
Skulls of young mammals, [197], [436].
Slave-making instinct, [219].
Smith, Col. Hamilton, on striped horses, [164].
——, Mr. Fred., on slave-making ants, [219].
——, on neuter ants, [239].
——, Mr., of Jordan Hill, on the degradation of coast-rocks, [283].
Snap-dragon, [161].
Somerville, Lord, on selection of sheep, [31].
Sorbus, grafts of, [262].
Spaniel, King Charles's breed, [35].
Species, polymorphic, [46].
——, common, variable, [53].
—— in large genera variable, [54].
——, groups of, suddenly appearing, [302], [307].
—— beneath Silurian formations, [307].
—— successively appearing, [312].
—— changing simultaneously throughout the world, [322].
Spencer, Lord, on increase in size of cattle, [35].
Sphex, parasitic, [218].
Spiders, development of, [442].
Spitz-dog crossed with fox, [268].
Sports in plants, [9].
Sprengel, C. C, on crossing, [98].
——, on ray-florets, [145].
Squirrels, gradations in structure, [180].
Staffordshire, heath, changes in, [71].
Stag-beetles, fighting, [88].
Sterility from changed conditions of life, [9].
—— of hybrids, [246].
—— ——, laws of, [255].
—— ——, causes of, [263].
—— from unfavourable conditions, [265].
—— of certain varieties, [269].
St. Helena, productions of, [390].
St. Hilaire, Aug., on classification, [418].
St. John, Mr., on habits of cats, [91].
Sting of bee, [202].
Stocks, aboriginal, of domestic animals, [18].
Strata, thickness of, in Britain, [284].
Stripes on horses, [163].
Structure, degrees of utility of, [201].
Struggle for existence, [60].
Succession, geological, [312].
Succession of types in same areas, [338].
Swallow, one species supplanting another, [76].
Swim-bladder, [190].
System, natural, [413].
T.
Tail of giraffe, [195].
—— of aquatic animals, [196].
——, rudimentary, [454].
Tarsi deficient, [135].
Tausch on umbelliferous flowers, [146].
Teeth and hair correlated, [144].
——, embryonic, traces of, in birds, [450].
——, rudimentary, in embryonic calf, [450], [480].
Tegetmeier, Mr., on cells of bees, [228], [233].
Temminck on distribution aiding classification, [419].
Thouin on grafts, [262].
Thrush, aquatic species of, [185].
——, mocking, of the Galapagos, [402].
——, young of, spotted, [439].
——, nest of, [243].
Thuret, M., on crossed fuci, [258].
Thwaites, Mr., on acclimatisation, [140].
Tierra del Fuego, dogs of, [215].
Timber-drift, [360].
Time, lapse of, [282].
Titmouse, [184].
Toads on islands, [393].
Tobacco, crossed varieties of, [271].
Tomes, Mr., on the distribution of bats, [395].
Transitions in varieties rare, [172].
Trees on islands belong to peculiar orders, [392].
—— with separated sexes, [99].
Trifolium pratense, [73], [94].
—— incarnatum, [94].
Trigonia, [321].
Trilobites, [307].
——, sudden extinction of, [321].
Troglodytes, [243].
Tucutucu, blind, [137].
Tumbler pigeons, habits of, hereditary, [214].
——, young of, [446].
Turkey-cock, brush of hair on breast, [90].
Turkey, naked skin on head, [197].
——, young, wild, [216].
Turnip and cabbage, analogous variations of, [159].
Type, unity of, [206].
Types, succession of, in same areas, [339].
U.
Udders enlarged by use, [11].
——, rudimentary, [451].
Ulex, young leaves of, [439].
Umbelliferæ, outer and inner florets of, [144].
Unity of type, [206].
Use, effects of, under domestication, [11].
——, effects of, in a state of nature, [134].
Utility, how far important in the construction of each part, [199].
V.
Valenciennes on fresh-water fish, [384].
Variability of mongrels and hybrids, [274].
Variation under domestication, [7].
—— caused by reproductive system being affected by conditions of life, [8].
—— under nature, [44].
——, laws of, [131].
Variations appear at corresponding ages, [14], [86].
——, analogous in distinct species, [159].
Varieties, natural, [44].
——, struggle between, [75].
——, domestic, extinction of, [111].
——, transitional, rarity of, [172].
——, when crossed, fertile, [268].
——, when crossed, sterile, [269].
——, classification of, [423].
Verbascum, sterility of, [251].
——, varieties of, crossed, [271].
Verneuil, M. de, on the succession of species, [325].
Viola tricolor, [73].
Volcanic islands, denudation of, [285].
Vulture, naked skin on head, [197].
W.
Wading-birds, [386].
Wallace, Mr., on origin of species, [2].
——, on law of geographical distribution, [355].
——, on the Malay Archipelago, [395].
Wasp, sting of, [202].
Water, fresh, productions of, [383].
Water-hen, [185].
Waterhouse, Mr., on Australian marsupials, [116].
——, on greatly developed parts being variable, [150].
——, on the cells of bees, [225].
——, on general affinities, [429].
Water-ouzel, [185].
Watson, Mr. H. C, on range of varieties of British plants, [58].
——, on acclimatisation, [140].
——, on flora of Azores, [363].
——, on Alpine plants, [368], [376].
——, on rarity of intermediate varieties, [176].
Weald, denudation of, [285].
Web of feet in water-birds, [185].
West Indian islands, mammals of, [396].
Westwood on species in large genera being closely allied to others, [57].
—— on the tarsi of Engidæ, [157].
—— on the antennæ of hymenopterous insects, [415].
Wheat, varieties of, [113].
White Mountains, flora of, [365].
Wings, reduction of size, [134].
—— of insects homologous with branchiæ, [191].
——, rudimentary, in insects, [450].
Wolf crossed with dog, [214].
—— of Falkland Isles, [394].
Wollaston, Mr., on varieties of insects, [48].
——, on fossil varieties of land-shells in Madeira, [52].
——, on colours of insects on sea-shore, [132].
——, on wingless beetles, [135].
——, on rarity of intermediate varieties, [176].
——, on insular insects, [389].
——, on land-shells of Madeira, naturalised, [402].
Wolves, varieties of, [90].
Woodpecker, habits of, [184].
——, green colour of, [197].
Woodward, Mr., on the duration of specific forms, [294].
——, on the continuous succession of genera, [316].
——, on the succession of types, [339].
World, species changing simultaneously throughout, [322].
Wrens, nest of, [243].
Y.
Youatt, Mr., on selection, [31].
——, on sub-breeds of sheep, [36].
——, on rudimentary horns in young cattle, [454].
Z.
Zebra, stripes on, [163].
THE END.
LONDON: PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, STAMFORD STREET, AND CHARING CROSS.