CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY

1610.Patent granted for an Edinburgh and Leith waggon-coach.
1648.Southampton weekly stage casually mentioned.
1657.Stage-coaches introduced: the London and Chester Stage.
1658.First Exeter Stage.
First York and Edinburgh Stage.
1661.First Oxford Stage.
Glass windows first used in carriages: the Duke of York’s carriage.
1662.Only six stage-coaches said to have been existing.
1665.Norwich Stage first mentioned.
1667.Bath Flying Machine established.
London and Oxford Coach, in 2 days, established.
1669.London and Oxford Flying Coach, in 1 day, established.
1673.Stages to York, Chester, and Exeter advertised.
1679.London and Birmingham Stage, by Banbury, mentioned.
1680.“Glass-coaches” mentioned.
1681.Stage-coaches become general: 119 in existence.
1706.London to York in 4 days.
1710 (about).Stage-coaches provided with glazed windows.
1730.“Baskets” or “rumble-tumbles” introduced about this period.
1734.Teams of horses changed every day, instead of coaches going to end of journey with same animals.
Quick service advertised: Edinburgh to London in 9 days.
1739.According to Pennant, gentlemen who were active horsemen still rode, instead of going by coach.
1742.London to Oxford in 2 days.
London to Birmingham, by Oxford, in 3 days.
1751.London to Dover in 1½ days.
1753.Outsides carried on Shrewsbury Stage.
1754.London and Manchester Flying Coach in 4½ days.
Springs to coaches first mentioned: the Edinburgh Stage.
London and Edinburgh in 10 days.
1758.London and Liverpool Flying Machine in 3 days.
1760.London and Liverpool Leeds Flying Coach advertised in 3 days: took 4.
1763.London and Edinburgh only once a month, and in 14 days.
1776.First duty on stage-coaches imposed.
1780.Stage-coaches become faster than postboys.
1782.Pennant describes contemporary travelling by light post-coaches as “rapid journeys in easy chaises, fit for the conveyance of the soft inhabitants of Sybaris.”
1784.Mail-coach system established.
1800 (about).Fore and hind boots, framed to body of coach, become general.
Coaches in general carry outside passengers.
1805.Springs under driving-box introduced.
1819.“Patent Safety” coaches come into frequent use, to reassure travelling public, alarmed by frequent accidents.
1824.Rise of the fast day-coaches: the Golden Age of coaching.
Stockton and Darlington Railway opened: first beginnings of the railway era.
1830.Liverpool and Manchester Railway opened: coaching first seriously threatened.
1838.London and Birmingham Railway opened: first great blow to coaching; coaches taken off Holyhead Road as far as Birmingham.
1839.Eastern Counties Railway opened to Chelmsford.
1840.Great Western Railway opened to Reading.
London and Southampton Railway opened to Portsmouth: coaches taken off Portsmouth Road.
1841.Great Western Railway opened to Bath and Bristol: coaches taken off Bath Road.
Brighton Railway opened: coaching ends on Brighton Road.
1842.Last London and York Mail-coach.
1844.Great Western Railway opened to Exeter: last coaches taken off Exeter Road.
1845.Railways reach Norwich.
Eastern Counties Railway opened to Cambridge.
1846.Edinburgh and Berwick Railway opened.
1847.East Anglian Railway opened to King’s Lynn.
1848.“Bedford Times,” one of the last long-distancecoaches withdrawn.
Eastern Counties Railway opened to Colchester.
Great Western Railway opened to Plymouth.
1849.Shrewsbury and Birmingham Railway opened.
1850.Chester and Holyhead Railway opened.
1874.Last of the mail-coaches: the Thurso and Wick Mail gives place to the Highland Railway.