INDEX
Acapulco, [67] note [42], [76]–[77], [77] note [57], [174].
Acuerdo, [23], [91], [91] note [37], [126], [129] note [27], [147], [162], [164], [189], [190], [195]–[196], [199], [200], [208], [210], [211], [213]–[220], [225], [240]ff., [252]–[254], [269], [287], [293], [299], [301], [302], [315], [367], [375], [376], [387], [390], [400], [403], [427], [435];
development of,
in judicial matters, [214]–[215],
in governmental and administrative matters, [215],
in ecclesiastical matters, [367];
autos acordados, [215]–[216];
influence of, in reform measures (Constitution of 1812, government of the intendancy, etc.), [217];
administrative action independent of governor, [217]–[218],
evil effects of, [218];
loss of power, [219]–[220].
Acuerdo de hacienda, [24], [52], [60].
Acuña, see Bravo de Acuña.
Ad interim, administration, [304]–[361];
laws authorizing, [305], [310]–[314];
history of,
in South America, [305]–[308],
in New Spain, [308]–[312],
in Philippines, [312]–[314], [316]–[338];
laws regarding in the Recopilación, [314]–[316];
failure of the audiencia, [337]–[338], [358]–[359], [361];
failure of the church, [359]–[360];
plan of succession, [356]–[358].
See also Audiencia of Manila; Lima; Mexico; Peru.
Adelantado, [11] note [6], [162] note [3].
Administración, Consejo de, [220], [220] note [80].
Agriculture in the Philippines, committee of audiencia charged with encouragement of, [186].
Aguilar y Ponce de León, Rafael, governor, [142]ff., [142] note [60], [300], [396] note [85].
Albay, [382].
Alcabala, [44], [44] note [19], [162].
Alcalde, [9], [10] note [3], [11] note [6];
judges with criminal jurisdiction in Lima and Mexico, [18].
Alcalde del crimen, [16] note [20], [86], [86] note [11], [88], [203];
authorized to try cases of strangers, [114].
Alcalde del Parián, [248], [248] note [45], [250].
Alcalde mayor, [53]ff., [100], [116], [135], [157], [196], [218], [282], [287], [300], [309] note [12], [346]–[347], [381], [396] note [85], [417];
qualifications, powers, duties, [11], [26]–[30], [218];
in the Philippines, [33];
supervision over encomenderos, [53];
conduct toward Indians, [53], [212];
jurisdiction, [86], [116];
residencia, [129], [148]–[149], [152]–[155];
administration of estates, [174];
method of appointment, [200], [201], [202];
charged with trial of Indian cases, [212];
regulations of acuerdo concerning, [215];
supervision of collection of ecclesiastical tithes, [392] note [72].
Alcalde ordinario, jurisdiction, [26], [30], [71], [86], [116], [207], [237], [248];
in the Philippines, [33]–[34];
residencia, [129].
Alcaraz, Andrés de, oidor, [245], [246] note [40], [321]–[322].
Almansa, Pedro de, oidor, [318], [318] note [32].
Almojarifazgo, [44], [45] note [19], [61], [162], [182], [335] note [64].
Alzadas, tribunal de, [112] note [73].
Amparán, Augustín de, regent, [141]ff.
Anda y Salazar, Simón de, oidor and governor, [15] note [18], [138] notes [53], [54], [175] note [40], [228] note [2], [246]–[247], [289], [289] note [46], [343]ff., [343] note [76], [345] note [87], [347] note [89], [356] note [104], [360], [363], [369] note [7], [428], [443];
assumption of government, [347]–[356];
residencia, [354], [356].
Antioch, Patriarch of, [278].
Appointment, power of, [302], [303], [315], [316], [323].
Appointments, ecclesiastical, [374], [374] note [25], [375], [377].
Arandía, Santisteban, Pedro Manuel de, [139] note [54], [228] note [2], [341], [342], [343].
Arce, Pedro de, Bishop of Cebú, [376].
Arrechedera, Juan de, bishop and governor, [340], [341].
Arribadas, Juez de, [174], [175] note [40], [181].
Asesor, [72], [97] note [46], [132], [154], [166], [167]ff., [209], [209] note [50], [218] note [78], [229] note [18], [283], [285], [317], [342];
de Santa Cruzada, [162].
Asylum, right of, [411], [411] note [5], [426], [427].
Audiencia, integral part of administrative system, [1], [31];
three classes of, powers and duties, [21]–[22];
magistrates of, [21] note [32],
qualifications, [120];
basis of, [83]–[94], [276];
relation to council of the Indies, [92], [104];
purpose, [260], [292];
abuses of, [285], [287] notes [43], [44], [322]–[330];
historical development of powers, [296]–[297];
succession of, [310]–[314];
of South America, [307]–[308].
Audiencia, colonial (Royal), creation, jurisdiction, organization, [10]–[12], [13],
list of, [16]–[17];
early history, [18]–[22];
modeled on audiencias of Granada and Valladolid, [19];
compared to those in Spain, [22]–[31];
magistrates, functions of, [24];
duties of governor as president of, [208]–[211];
office of regent of, [211].
Audiencia of Manila, [17];
territorial jurisdiction, [20];
conditions of establishment, [32]–[47];
opposition to, [47]–[48];
established, [48];
provisions of law of establishment, [49]–[55];
president of, [55];
difficulties, [56]–[70];
arguments for abolishment, [68]–[70];
breakdown of first audiencia, [71];
ad interim government, [71]–[78];
restoration, [78]–[79], [96]–[98];
inauguration of new audiencia, [80]–[82];
appointive power, [199]–[202], [204];
method of appointment to, [202];
oversight of qualifications of appointees, [203].
Ad interim rule, laws on, [312]–[314];
duties and conduct prescribed, [314]–[315];
types of powers, [315]–[316];
history of, [316]–[338];
failure of, [337]–[338], [358]–[359], [361].
Administrative and semi-judicial functions, [160]–[192];
the senior magistrate, [161]–[162];
the asesor of the Santa Cruzada, [162];
the junta ordinaria, [162];
supervision over matters of church finance, [164]–[165];
magistrates deprived of commissions, [169];
administration of estates, [170];
general supervision over financial affairs, [181]–[182];
miscellaneous duties as representative of the King, [183];
responsible for execution of cédulas and decrees, [183]–[184];
census statistics, [185];
sanitary matters, [186];
agriculture and commerce, [186];
expense of inauguration ceremonies of the governor, [187];
inspection, publication and censorship of books, [187]–[191];
keeping of the archives, [191].
Judicial functions, civil and criminal, [84]–[120];
appellate jurisdiction, [84], [101]–[102], [119],
over Indians, [100]–[103],
over religious, [104], [185],
over judges of first instance, [157];
suits involving encomiendas, [108]–[110];
final jurisdiction, [91], [112], [113], [118], [119];
power to pronounce sentence of exile, [212];
advisory power, [213];
development of, in the acuerdo, [214]–[215];
residencia, [121]–[159],
jurisdiction over, [127], [148]–[149], [156]–[159];
court of appeal in, [126], [132]–[134], [147];
judges of, [131], [135], [145], [146];
method of procedure, [129]–[131], [150]–[152].
See also Oidores.
Military functions, judicial, and administrative, [230]–[231];
members of military tribunal designated by governor, [233], [237]–[239];
advisory capacity
(to governor), [239]–[241], [243]–[244],
(to king), [242]–[244];
assumption of government, [244]–[247];
secondary position in government of Chinese, [249]–[251], [253], [254];
jurisdiction in military affairs, [255]–[258], [317]–[319], [320], [328], [331]–[332].
Audiencia of Manila in relation to the Church, [362], [409], [410].
Functions in ecclesiastical affairs: ultimate local authority in enforcing laws of royal patronage, [363]–[364], [370];
right of opposed by church, [368]–[371];
authority shared with vicepatron, [365]–[366], [368]–[370];
two kinds of ecclesiastical powers, executive and judicial, [366];
historical development of, [367].
Executive powers: examination of resolutions of councils, synods, [371],
of papal bulls, briefs, etc., [372];
enforcement of law forbidding laymen to trade with priests, supervision over prelates and provincials, assistance of missionaries, supervision of ecclesiastical visitors, removal of members of religious orders, etc., [372]–[373];
brief summary of laws, [373];
jurisdiction over all classes of churchmen, [373]–[375];
settlement of disputes between rival claimants to positions of authority particularly to position of archbishop, [375]–[377];
intervention in removal of curates, [377]–[378];
removal of regulars for cause, [378]–[379];
disciplinary jurisdiction in crimes of priests or ecclesiastics, [379]–[380];
assistance in internal disorder, [379];
inspection over prelates, [380]–[381];
of ecclesiastical work of parish priests, [381]–[384];
reception and supervision of ecclesiastical visitors from Spain or Mexico, [384];
reports to the court, [385]–[386];
supervision of colleges and universities, [387];
advisory powers in educational affairs, [388]–[390];
jurisdiction over matters of church finance, 391–[401] (see The Church, finances);
supervision over espolios and vacant benefices, [401]–[405];
construction of churches and conservation of ecclesiastical property, [405]–[408];
summary, [408]–[409].
Judicial powers (ecclesiastical jurisdiction);
distinction between, and its acts relative to royal patronage, [410]–[412];
division of authority between civil and ecclesiastical courts, [412]–[413];
power of intervention in ecclesiastical matters, [414]–[415];
duty to guard prerogatives of civil magistrates, [415];
limitations of ecclesiastical courts, [415];
gradual growth of authority in ecclesiastical affairs, [416]–[417];
high court of appeal in suits to which religious orders were parties, [418]–[420];
jurisdiction over secular church courts (metropolitan tribunal of archbishop), [420];
recurso de fuerza, [420]–[423], [424], [426], [429];
interdict (excommunication), [422]–[428] (see also the Inquisition);
court of final resort in testing land titles, [440]–[441];
jurisdiction over ecclesiastical visitations, [441]–[442];
conduct influenced by local conditions, [442]–[443];
summary, [443]–[444].
Audiencia of Manila in relation to the governor, [84]–[85], [95]–[96], [102], [108]–[109], [122], [147], [214];
conflicts with, [131]–[132], [140]–[145], [263]–[273], [285]–[298];
summary of relations, [299]–[303].
See also Acuerdo Conflicts;
Governor;
Residencia, etc., etc.
Auditor de guerra, [16] note [20], [24], [118], [233], [233] note [14], [238]ff.
Auditor de marina, [16] note [20], [233].
Auditor de Rota, [16] note [20].
Augustinians, [68], [103]ff., [272], [354], [378] note [35], [379] and note [36], [384], [406]–[408], [416] note [15].
Autos, [111].
Autos acordados, [27] note [40], [215] note [71], [216].
Ayala, Gaspar de, fiscal, [71].
Ayuntamientos, [30], [157], [252].
Basco y Vargas, José, governor, [129], [139]–[140], [140] note [55], [179], [217], [234], [234] note [18], [280]ff.
Beringuer de Marquina, Felix, [129], [140] note [56], [167]ff., [217]–[218], [229] note [7], [234], [255]–[256];
residencia of, [140]–[145], [282]–[284].
Bernáldez Pizarro, Manuel, [157] note [87].
Bienes de difuntos, [53], [66], [171]ff., [174], [177] note [43], [181].
Bolívar y Meña, Pedro Sebastian de, oidor, [255].
Bónifaz, see Peña Bónifaz.
Bravo de Acuña, Pedro de, governor, [108], [217], [220]ff., [227], [227] note [1], [245], [286]ff. and [43] and [44], [304].
Bravo de Saravia, Melchoir, [307].
Bribery, [261], [274] note [16], [329], [341], [383] note [47], [398]–[399].
British, The, hostility of, [158], [186], [240], [244], [246];
alliance with Chinese, [289] note [46], [354];
capture of Manila, [343], [397] note [87].
Buenos Ayres, audiencia of, [17], [19], [20], [161].
Bustamente y Rueda, Fernando Manuel de, governor, [241], [241] note [31], [338], [380];
conflict with audiencia, [273]–[280], [427];
murder of, [279]–[280].
Cabecilla, [254], [255]–[256].
Cádiz, [13], [174], [319] note [33].
Calderón Enríquez, Pedro, oidor, [103], [342], [342] note [75], [398], [399], [419]–[420].
Camacho y Avila, Diego, archbishop, [375].
Camarines, bishop of, [354], [369] note [7].
Captain-general, see Governor and captain-general.
See also Mexico.
Captaincies-general, rank of audiencias, [21]–[22].
Caracas, audiencia of, [17], [17] note [32].
Carvajal, see Gonzales Carvajal.
Casa de Contratación, [232]–[233];
organization, functions, jurisdiction, [12]–[14].
Castillo y Negrete, Manuel de, oidor, [168], [217].
Cavite, [114], [245], [274], [347], [406]–[407].
Cebú, audiencia of, [17], [35] note [4], [382];
bishop of, [376];
encomiendas in, [110].
Cédulas, significance of form of address used, [368], [368] note [5].
Cerezo de Salamanca, Juan, [327]–[328].
Charcas, audiencia of, [20], [21] note [32], [305], [307].
Charles V, founds audiencia of Manila, [18].
Chile, Santiago de, audiencia, [17], [20]–[21], [307].
China, [32], [48], [69]–[70], [80], [196] note [5], [213], [229], [241], [241] note [30], [285], [325], [374], [375] note [27], [386];
Dominicans in, [374] note [25];
taxation, [44] note [18].
Chinese, problems in connection with commerce with, [58], [61], [62]–[63], [69], [79], [80], [85], [240], [241], [330], [354];
jurisdiction over, [119], [431];
licenses (taxes), [182], [216], [249], [255], [326], [393];
data concerning collected by audiencia, [185];
regulations of acuerdo concerning, [216];
government of, [247]–[258];
administration of justice among, [255]–[258];
revolt of, [289], [289] note [46];
marriage with, [378];
education of (mestizos), [390] note [71].
Church, [185], [190], [195], [197], [214], [268]ff.;
construction of, [23], [405];
and the audiencia, [29], [51]–[52], [63], [362]–[444];
influence of, [41]ff., [73], [80], [103]ff., [241] note [31], [242], [274]ff., [295], [334], [334] note [63], [338]ff., [338] note [70], [342]ff., [354], [359]–[360], [387]ff., [416]ff., [432] note [58];
property of, [173], [173] note [33];
councils, [371].
Ad interim rule, [338]–[355], [356], [359]–[360];
legalization of, [339]–[390];
relations between audiencia and ecclesiastical governor illustrated, [342]–[343];
rule of Archbishop Rajo, [343]–[351].
See also The Audiencia of Manila in relation to the Church.
Finances, under supervision of audiencia, [164], [391]–[401];
tithes, [182], [391]–[394];
funds of temporalities, [391], [395]–[396];
obras pías (Santa Misericordia and San Juan de Diós), [395]–[401];
taking of espolios, [401]–[405].
Churchmen, not subject to residencia, [122];
reports and informaciónes required of, [386]–[387].
Cisneros, Felipe, oidor, [205], [205] note [41].
Code of 1680, see Recopilación de leyes de los Reinos de las Indias.
College of San Juan de Letrán, [390].
Coloma y Maceda, Francisco de, oidor, [131]–[132], [332]ff., [434].
Columbus, colonial system under, [8]–[10].
Comisos, [118].
Commerce, see Trade.
Commissions, [160]–[191], [203] note [28], [238]ff., [238] note [25], [327] note [51], [348] note [91], [394], [440]–[442].
Compensation of officials, [72], [161], [195], [199], [199] note [13], [201], [201] note [20], [209] note [50], [247], [289], [289] note [45], [305] note [2], [319]–[320], [391] note [72].
Confiscation of property, [270] note [10], [272].
Conflicts, between officials and authorities, [63]–[64], [169]–[170], [291]–[292], [292] note [50], [334]–[335];
of jurisdiction, [14], [56], [67], [73], [161], [172], [177]–[181], [210], [223] note [83], [224], [234]–[235], [236], [292] note [50], [326], [358], [361], [382].
Conquest, expeditions of, [243], [317];
of Orient, projected by Spain, [66].
Consejo de Guerra, [234] and notes [17] and [18], [243]–[244] and note [36].
Constitution of 1812, [101]–[102], [215], [219];
reforms effected by, [119];
drafted by audiencia in acuerdo, [217].
Consulado de Manila, [115], [210], [283], [296] note [85];
establishment, [112], [182];
relation to audiencia, [112];
function, [113];
jurisdiction, [115], [400]–[401].
Consulado de Sevilla, [13].
Contador, [24], [385] note [53];
de cuentas, [398].
Contaduría, [186];
de cuentas de Mexico, [75];
general, [173] note [33], [181];
mayor (Mexico y Lima), [198].
Contreras, see Moya de Contreras.
Corcuera, Sebastián Hurtado de, [138], [142] note [60], [217], [228], [246], [304], [327] note [51], [377], [397] note [87].
Corregidor, [26]–[30], [30] note [47], [33]ff., [33] note [3], [40], [47], [53]ff., [71], [76], [86], [100]ff., [121], [126], [174], [179], [196], [200]ff., [206], [212], [215], [300], [309] note [12], [396] note [85], [439];
residencias of, [135], [147]–[149], [157] note [86].
Corregimientos, [18], [51], [309] note [12].
Corte del Rey, tribunal of, [14].
Cortés, Hernan, captain-general of Mexico, [308]–[309].
Council of Castile, [14], [14] note [17].
Council of the Indies, [11], [13], [14]–[16], [18], [24], [48], [52], [67], [68], [72], [84], [107], [111]ff., [125], [132]ff., [140], [143]ff., [155] note [83], [159], [162]–[163], [174], [177]–[178], [190], [195], [196] note [5], [200], [203]–[204], [205], [210] note [54], [224], [234], [235], [265], [268], [277], [279]–[281], [303], [305], [305] note [2], [313], [333], [371] note [11], [372], [372]–[374], [382], [388], [389], [392], [401], [421], [429].
Cruzat y Góngora, Fausto, governor, [111], [217].
Cuba, audiencias in, [17], [20]–[21], [161];
under Santo Domingo, [19].
Cuesta, Fray Francisco de la, archbishop and governor, [279]ff., [338], [340] note [71], [380].
Curuzaelegui y Arriola, Gabriel de, governor, [213], [272]–[273], [275], [268]–[269], [334].
Cuzco, audiencia of, [17], [20], [21] note [32].
Dasmariñas, see Perez Dasmariñas.
Dávalos, Melchoir, oidor, [57]ff., [260].
Decano, [85], [131], [161]–[162], [280], [316], [357].
Defense, [59], [141], [197], [220], [222], [225]ff.;
the audiencia and, [59], [230]ff., [239]ff., [242]ff., [244]ff., [244] note [36];
of Manila, [246], [248];
of Philippine Islands, [313]–[314], [317]ff., [324], [336], [340]–[341], [344]ff., [363].
Delgado, Juan José, historian and Jesuit, [195];
cited on office of governor of the Philippines, [195], [228]–[229].
Díaz de Rivera, Francisco, fiscal, [206].
Díaz Quejada y Obrero, Félix, [165]–[166].
Diezmos, collection of, [23];
jurisdiction of audiencia over, [391]ff., [391] note [72], [393] note [79].
Dominicans, [103]ff., [242], [264], [268], [271]–[272], [276]–[277], [324] note [45], [338]–[339], [354], [374] note [25], [389]–[390], [396] note [85], [418]ff., [427].
Durango, Governor, letters of, [29] note [45].
Dutch, [240], [244], [317], [321], [325], [397] note [87], [434], [434] note [63];
attacks of, [245].
Education, [23];
under supervision of audiencia, [185], [387], [388] note [66].
See also College of San Juan de Letrán;
San José, royal college of;
University of Santo Tomás.
Encomenderos, relation to Spanish colonial land system, [33];
responsibilities and powers, [35]–[36];
subject to residencia, [129];
method of appointment, [201];
forbidden to leave Philippines, [213].
Encomiendas, [28], [33] note [1], [34]ff., [35] note [4], [37], [46], [47], [51], [96], [110], [110] note [67], [213], [221], [221] note [82], [315], [323], [323] note [43], [336]–[337], [381], [393], [410] note [15];
inspection of, [164];
origin of, [93] note [40];
suits of, [92]ff., [106]ff.
See also Audiencia;
Law of Malines.
English, see British.
Enrile y Alcedo, Pascual, governor, [219], [300].
Española, early government, [10], [11];
under audiencia of Santo Domingo, [19].
Espeleta, see Lino de Espeleta.
Espolios, [23], [391], [401], [401] note [89], [402], [403], [404] note [104].
Excommunication, of officials, [75], [80], [279], [411], [411] note [4], [415], [422]–[428];
abuse of, [380], [382];
limitations, [424], [425], [427], [435];
setting aside of, [425]–[428].
Exile, sentence of, [212]–[213], [212] note [60], [268]–[269], [339], [379] note [36], [422];
of Archbishop Pardo, [270];
of churchmen, [270], [378]–[379];
of governor, [142];
of oidores, [270] note [10].
Expedientes, [209] note [50], [218] note [78].
Fajardo y Chacón, Diego, [138], [304], [330].
Fajardo y Tenza, Alonso, governor, [108], [117]–[118], [127], [202], [217], [228] note [2], [246], [247], [262], [265]ff., [291], [321], [322]ff., [397] note [87].
Falcés, Marqués de, [310].
Fernández Zéndera, Francisco, alcalde mayor, [152]–[155].
Finance, see Real hacienda.
Finances, church, see The Church, finances.
Fiscal, [53]–[54], [65], [72], [97], [100]ff., [114], [137], [141], [149], [201], [221], [250], [259], [263], [275], [318] note [32], [349], [354], [384], [387], [403], [407];
royal, [85], [114], [143], [277], [390] note [71];
de la contaduría general de Indias, [175] note [40];
de real hacienda, [142] note [59].
Fiscales, number of, [21] note [32], [38], [430];
marriage of, [206]–[207].
Flores y Cassila, Matias, oidor, [326].
Florida, under Audiencia of Santo Domingo, [19];
Cape of, [20].
Fonseca y Azevedo, Alfonso, Archbishop of Seville, [9].
Foreigners, in Philippines, [170], [375], [375] note [26];
forbidden to trade, [143] note [61];
inheritance of property, [172], [172] note [31];
prosecution of, [114], [114] note [82].
Formosa, capture and loss, [246].
Franciscans, [272], [354], [381]–[382], [383], [384], [434] note [63], [437], [441] note [74].
Free-masonry forbidden, [183].
Friars, see Religious.
Friar lands, [408]–[409], [440]–[442], note [75].
Fuero mixto, [105], [60]; fuero militar, [237], [430] note [55].
Fuerza, Recurso de, [23], [25], [420]–[423], [424], [426], [429], [444].
Galbán y Ventura, Manuel de, oidor, [354].
Galleons, [67], [67] note [42], [113], [127], [134], [158]–[159], [177], [177] note [44], [188], [194] note [2], [216]–[221], [222], [263], [274];
galleon space, [77], [95], [115], [261], [302], [318]–[320], [319] note [33], [319] note [34], [327], [349], [353], [353] note [98], [385]–[386], [397]ff.;
galleon officials, [127]–[128], [158]–[159];
galleon trade, limitations on, [76]–[77], [77] note [57], [95]–[96],
on valuation of suits, [88]ff., [91]–[92].
Galvéz, Jose de, [15].
Gasca, Pedro de, [305] note [2].
Gobernadorcillos, [154] note [81].
Gobernadores, of provinces, [27], [30] note [45], [48];
residencias of, [147]–[149].
Gonzales Carvajal, Ciriaco, [140] note [55], [156] note [85], [205] note [41], [217].
Gorospe é Irala, Diego, bishop, [403].
Governor, powers and duties, [39],
abuse of, [41]–[43], [66], [75]–[76], [141], [221]ff., [272]–[273], [278], [278] note [28];
authorized to try cases of strangers, [114];
legal right to remove officials, [122]–[123];
judges of residencia designated by, [126];
residencia of, [135]–[145], [157] note [86];
commercial excesses, [261];
relation to home government, [296];
appointment of, [321], [327]ff., [330]ff.;
ad interim, [328]–[329], [329]–[333].
Captain-general, [79];
military jurisdiction claimed by, [177]–[179], [237];
independent in exercise of military authority, [225], [230];
need of military qualifications, [228];
head of special judicial system for trial of soldiers under military law, [118], [231]–[247];
pardoning power, [232];
designation of auditor de guerra, [233];
sharing of authority, [241]–[242], [243]–[244];
jurisdiction over Chinese, [119], [247]–[258];
military powers, [321].
President of royal audiencia, [208]–[211], [216], [225];
oversight of judicial work of audiencia, [210];
pardoning power, [210]–[211];
governorship separated from presidency, [211].
Royal vice patron, [195], [216], [268], [269];
relation to provincial governments, [195], [196].
Viceroy, general relations to the audiencia, [193]–[204];
official title, [193];
threefold functions, [193]–[194];
administrative functions, [196], [224];
supervision of administration of colonial exchequer, [197]–[198];
appointing power, [198]–[204],
abuse of, [261], [292],
limitation of, [263];
conflicts over, with audiencia, [199]–[200],
temporary appointments (ad interim, etc.), [200]–[202], [203];
reports on services and recommendations for promotion or dismissal of officials, [204]–[208];
independent judicial powers: jurisdiction over Indian cases, [211],
over property condemnation suits, [212];
power to exile, [212], over travelers, [213]–[214];
relative authority of governor and audiencia, laws of the Indies on, [214], [218];
relations between detailed, [220]–[225];
influence on, and power over, illustrated, [273]–[280].
Granada, chancery of, [19], [23].
Grao y Monfalcón, Juan, [79] note [61].
Great Britain, see British.
Guadalajara, audiencia of, created, [17], [20];
size and rank, [21] note [32];
mentioned, [309] note [12], [312].
Guatemala, audiencia of, see Santiago de Guatemala.
Guerela, Francisco, oidor, [381]–[382], [424].
Guerra, auditor de, appointment, jurisdiction, duties, [233];
complaint regarding, [238].
Consejo ordinario de, [234].
Junta de, [22] note [32], [113]–[114], [114] note [79], [232], [233], [234].
Junta de, de las Indias, organization and jurisdiction, [232]–[233];
instances of method of procedure, [233]–[234].
See also Marina, auditor de.
Guerrero, Hernando, archbishop, [376]–[377], [380].
Hacienda, see Real hacienda.
Hacienda, acuerdo general de, [24];
junta de, see Acuerdo de hacienda.
Havana, audiencia of, [17], [21] note [32].
Honduras, Cape of, boundary of, New Spain, [20].
Humboldt, Alexander von, [60] note [31], [131].
Hurtado de Corcuera, Sebastián, see Corcuera, Sebastián Hurtado de.
Igorrotes, [154].
Ilocanos, [154].
Ilocos, [179], [217], [341];
encomiendas in, [35] note [4].
Indians, provisions for just treatment and protection of, [23], [53]ff., [87], [99]–[102], [104], [107], [152]–[156], [164], [336]–[337], [380]–[381], [411];
taxation of, [28], [93], exemption from, [353];
employment, in road-building, and ship-building, [28];
jurisdiction of governor over, [211].
Indies, Council of the, see Council of the Indies.
Informaciones de servicio, [121], [385] and note [53].
Inquisition, in Manila, relations with audiencia, [188]–[189];
supreme power of, [429]–[430], [434];
gradual delimitation and circumscription of authority, [430]–[431], [439]–[440];
utilized by prelates for usurpation of powers belonging to civil government and audiencia, [431]–[432];
utilized, influenced and possessed by individuals and private interests for selfish ends, [432]–[434];
excesses of commissary Paterniva, [435]–[436];
struggle and ultimate defeat of weak audiencia and governor with, [437]–[438];
authority over given to civil courts, [439]–[440].
Intendants, [255];
Ordinance of, [198], [404]–[405].
Interdicts, see Excommunication.
Intestates, administration of estates of, [170]–[181].
Japan, relations with Philippines, [32], [48], [213], [220], [229], [324]–[325], [372].
Japanese, [59], [240], [241]–[242];
insurrection of, [320].
Jesuits, in Philippines, [68], [266], [268], [271] note [13], [272], [276], [278] note [28], [241], [280], [354], [386], [388]–[389], note [66], [395], [418]ff., [426].
Juan, Jorge, authority on Spanish colonization, [130] note [28].
Judges, see alcalde, corregidor, juez de, oidor, residencia, etc.
Juez conservador, [166] and note [16], [380] note [41].
Juez letrado, [13].
Juez de difuntos, [170]ff., [172]–[173], [264].
Junta de guerra, [22] note [32], [113]–[114], [114] note [79], [232], [233], [234].
Junta ordinaria de la real hacienda, [162], [162] note [6].
Junta superior de la real hacienda, [162] note [7].
Justice, administration of, before establishment of audiencia, [40];
in provinces, [26]–[31], [32];
under audiencia, [49], [56]ff., [71]–[74], [79], [80], [83]–[120], [137]–[138], [153]–[154], [196]–[197], [210] and note [54], [218] note [78], [227], [234]ff., [255]ff., [259]–[303], [307]–[309], [310], [315], [317], [362], [382], [401], [410]ff., [442], [444].
See also Audiencia, judicial functions, military jurisdiction;
Audiencia, president of;
Chinese;
Governor (captain-general);
Guerra, auditor de, junta de, etc.
King, officials appointed by, [200];
final pardoning power, [210].
King’s Fifth, see Quinto.
Ladrones (Marianas Islands), [127], [144];
galleons instructed to stop at, [222].
La Plata, audiencia of, [17], [20], [21] note [32].
Laudin, Fray Alonso, [414].
Lavezares, Guido de, [37].
Laws of the Indies, see Recopilación de leyes de las Indias.
Leandro de Viana, Francisco, fiscal, [15] note [18], [182], [217], [300], [345] note [85], [354], [407].
Legaspi, Gerónimo de, governor, [37], [326], [326] note [48].
Le Gentil de la Galaisière, Joseph Hyacinthe, [195], [381].
Legislation, see Acuerdo.
León, Manuel de, governor, [333], [434]ff., [434] note [64].
Leyte, encomiendas in, [110].
Lieutenant-governor, [316], [317].
Lima, audiencia of, [18]–[21], [86], [117] note [88];
assumption of government by (ad interim rule), [305]–[306].
Lino de Espeleta, Miguel de, bishop and governor, [139] note [54], [341]–[342], [341] note [73];
espolio, [404] note [104].
Lizárraga, Conde de, governor, [128], [335].
Loarca, Miguél de, encomendero, [35] note [4].
Louisiana, under audiencia of Santo Domingo, [19].
López de Legaspi, Miguel de, governor, [37], [260] note [1].
Luzón, [35] note [4], [243], [248], [310].
Macao, rival to Manila, [62].
Madras, [172] note [31], [206].
Maestre de campo, [231], [336], [338], [369] note [7].
Maldonado, see Rivera Maldonado.
Malines, Law of, [92]–[93], [94], [95], [106], [107], [108].
Manila, captured by British, [343], [344], [349].
Marianas Islands, [127], [144], [222].
Marique de Lara, Sabiniano, [330].
Marina, auditor de, appointment, jurisdiction, duties, [233].
Marquina, see Beringuer de Marquina.
Marriage, of officials, laws forbidding, [205]–[207];
of natives, ordinance enforcing, [216].
Más, Sinibaldo de, [130];
cited on interference of audiencias, [218], [218] note [78];
cited on relative functions of audiencia and governor, [223], [223] note [83].
Medias anatas, [165]–[166], [165] notes [11], [13], [335] note [64].
Mestizos, Chinese, [390] note [71], [393], [419].
Messa y Lugo, Álvaro, oidor, [263]ff.
Mexico, [115], [177];
audiencia, created, [16]–[22], appeals to, from Philippines, [43], [66]–[69], [71], [74], [78], [96], [137], [277], [290];
assumption of government by audiencia, [305], [308]–[309], provision of succession, [310]–[311];
captaincy-general of Cortés, [309].
Mindanao, [220], [243], [418].
Mindoro, Recollects in, [418].
Misa, Francisco de la, factor, in re encomiendas, criticizes the government, [37] note [9];
memorial of, [75]ff., [96]ff.
Misericordia, see Santa Misericordia.
Missionaries, see Religious.
Moluccas, expeditions to, [243], [245], [246], [318], [321], [323].
Monopolies, royal, [166]ff., [166] note [15], [281], [335] note [64].
Montemayor y Mansilla, Francisco de, oidor, [297]ff., [332]ff., [332] note [58], [434].
Montero y Vidal, cited on military aspect of governor’s position, [230].
Morga, Antonio de, teniente y asesor, [74] note [54], [77], [98]–[99], [245], [248] note [45], [300], [317]ff.
Moros, defense against, [141], [243], [341].
Moses, B., cited on assumption of government by audiencia, [306];
cited on division of authority between civil and ecclesiastical courts, [412]–[413].
Moya de Contreras, Pedro, archbishop and viceroy, [67].
Natives, see Indians.
New Granada, audiencia of, [19]–[20].
New Mexico, references to, [29] note [45].
New Spain, audiencias of, comparison of powers with audiencia of Manila, [8] note [1];
government of, [29], [40], [45] note [19], [203], [226], [304], [383];
relations with Manila, [72], [194]–[195], [194] note [2];
viceroy of, [47]–[48], [185]–[196], [200], [220], [277], [285]–[286], [303], [306], [308]ff., [312]–[313], [327], [356];
assumption of government by, [304]–[312], [314].
Niño de Tavora, Juan, governor, [109], [246], [251] note [49], [304], [327], [328].
Notaries, [55].
Novenos, [381] note [72], [392].
Nueva Galicia, references to correspondence regarding, [29] note [45];
audiencia of, [309] note [12].
Nueva Segovia, Bishop of, [340], [351], [371] note [11], [376], [377] note [32], [403].
Nueva Vizcaya, references to correspondence relating to, [29] note [45].
Nuevo León, references to correspondence relating to, [29] note [45].
Nuñez Vela, Blasco, [305].
Obando y Solís, José Francisco de, governor, [244].
Obras Pias, [391], [396]–[401].
Observants, Order of, [418].
Offices, sale of, [221], [261], [263], [302]–[303].
Officials, minor, appointment of, [146]ff., [202];
residencias of, [156], [159].
Oficiales reales, [24], [23] note [37], [28], [34] note [3], [46], [75], [118], [174], [210], [237], [262], [385] note [53], [391] note [72];
removal of, [122]–[123];
dispute with juez de difuntos over administrative matters, [179]–[181];
accounts of audited by oidor, [182], [196];
inspectors of ships, [188];
method of appointment, [200], [201],
of filling vacancies, [311];
taking of espolios of prelates, [402]–[405].
Oidores, duty of, [24];
special duties, [85], [88], [100], [126], [129], [160]ff.;
members of juntas reales, [28];
inspections by, [30], [121]ff., [163]–[164], [188];
interference in matters of government illustrated, [57]–[58];
extent of authority claimed, [58]–[64];
removal of, [122]–[123];
special commissions (judgeships), [160]–[163],
limitations of, [166]–[170];
periodical inspection of provinces (visiting oidor), [163]–[164], [293];
judge-commissioner of medias anatas, [165]–[166];
asesores (jueces conservadores), [166];
jueces de difuntos, [170]–[181];
disputes with Captain-general, [177]–[179],
with oficial real, [179]–[181];
charged with investigations of conduct of officials, [184], [187], [208];
instances of, [184];
reports on educational documents by “royal designation,” [200], [201];
minute supervision of governor over personal conduct of, [204], [208];
marriage restrictions, [205]–[207];
judicial power over of governor, [207], [208];
salable offices not to be conferred on relatives, [221], [287];
liable to service on military tribunals, [231]–[232], [237]–[239];
in Chinese cases, [255];
advice and interference in military matters, [240]–[241], [243]–[244];
commercial excesses, [285]–[286], [291];
importance of in ad interim rule of audiencia, [316];
deprived of control in military affairs, [328];
prohibited from interference with internal government of religious orders, [372];
visitors of the provinces, [381]–[384];
required to render special and regular reports to court in re ecclesiastical concerns, [385]–[386];
forbidden to act as rectors of colleges or universities, [387];
forbidden to interfere save at five-year intervals with property of Santa Misericordia, [399];
intervention in the taking of espolios, [402];
inspection of royal hospital at Manila, [408];
laws governing conduct toward Inquisition, [429]–[430].
Olazo, Lorenzo de, soldier, [327].
Ordenanzas reales para la Casa de Contratación, [26] note [40].
Orders, religious, see Religious.
Ordinance of Intendants, see Intendants, Ordinance of.
Ordinance of Good Government, [217].
Oredaín, Santiago, asesor, [342]ff.
Orient, Spain in, [66].
Ortega, Fray Francisco de, Bishop of Nueva Segovia, [68].
Otazo, Diego de, Jesuit, [278] note [28].
Palóu, Francisco de, [374].
Panamá, [18], [20];
audiencia of, created, [16];
rank and size, [21] note [32].
Pancada, [80], [80] note [62].
Pangasinán, [155] note [82], [206], [403].
Pardo de Tavera, T. H., historian, [33], [99] note [1].
Pardo (Fernández de), Felipe, archbishop, [268]ff., [334], [369], [369] note [7], [419], [422], [427], [432] note [60], [442]–[443].
Pareceres de servicio, [121], [121] note [2].
Parián, [85], [85] note [6], [216], [248]ff., [248] note [45], [252]ff.
Paternina, Joseph de, commissary of the Inquisition, [435]ff.
Pavón, José, oidor, [336], [336] note [65].
Peña Bónifaz, Manuel de la, oidor and temporary governor, [297]ff., [332], [434].
Pérez Dasmariñas, Gómez, governor, [35] note [5], [72], [75], [197], [241], [285], [316]–[317].
Perú, comparison of audiencia with audiencia of Manila, [8] note [1];
alcabala, [45] note [19];
jurisdiction of audiencia, [85];
government and viceroy, [161], [226], [303], [304]–[305];
assumption of government by audiencia, [305], [306].
See also Lima, audiencia of.
Pesquisa, [119], [123] note [10], [125], [307].
Pesquisidores, oidores as, [23], [91], [91] note [34], [125], [215];
residencias of, [50].
Philip II, founds audiencia of Manila, [19], [48];
reforms, [46] note [21];
withdraws audiencia, [71].
Philip III, extends institution of audiencia, [19];
reforms, [93].
Philip IV, founds audiencias, [19];
reforms, [37] note [9], [123], [171].
Philippines, geographical position, [32];
government of: under audiencia of Mexico, [18], [39];
administration of prior to audiencia, [32]–[44],
after breakdown of audiencia, [71]–[72], [73]–[78];
problems, of encomienda, [34]–[38],
of the governorship, [38]–[43];
relation to New Spain, [39]ff., [57]ff.;
military administration, [40], [76], [296]–[297];
influences for creation of audiencia, [43]–[46],
reasons for, [47],
opposition to, [47]–[48];
administration:
by audiencia, [81], [204], [304]–[361];
by church, [279], [340]ff., [356], [356] note [105], [359]–[360], [362]–[364].
See also Manila, audiencia of;
Chinese;
Española;
Governor;
Oidores, Residencia, etc., etc.
Pimentel, Antonio, governor of Marianas, [127]ff., [271]–[272], [271] note [13].
Pinelo, León, contribution to Recopilación, [25] note [40], [26]–[27].
Pizarro, Francisco, relations with audiencia of Lima, [305], [305] note [2].
Pizarro, Gonzálo, relations with audiencia of Lima, [306].
Playa Honda, Battle of, [245], [322].
Pliegos de Providencia, [340]ff.
Poblete (Milán de Poblete) José, archbishop, [212] note [60], [369], [380].
Polo, [28], [28] note [44], [353].
Portuguese, incursions of, [62]–[63];
resentment at establishment of audiencia, [69]–[70], [70] note [44];
relations with, [240].
Potosí, [307].
Prelate, see Church.
Prescott, William, [130] note [28].
Presidency, audiencia of, [21]–[22];
rank of, [21] note [32].
President, see Governor and Captain-general.
Presidents, of audiencias, powers and duties, [22].
Procurador general, duties of, [44], [44] note [18].
Procurator, [68], [228], [414].
Property, administration of, [170]ff.
Provincial administration, [26]–[31].
Provisor, [378] note [35], [380] note [40], [412] note [6], [426].
Puerto Principe, audiencia of, [17];
size and rank, [21] note [32].
Puerto Rico, government of, [11],
under audiencia of Santo Domingo, [19], [161];
audiencia created, [17];
size and rank of audiencia, [21] note [32].
Quiapo, [386].
Quinto, [118], [162], [162] note [3], [182].
Quito, audiencia of, created, [17];
size and rank, [21] note [32];
mentioned, [20], [305], [341].
Raón, José, governor, [139], [139] note [54], [217].
Real hacienda, audiencia and, [52], [67], [75], [76], [87], [97], [118], [143], [151], [156] note [85], [162]–[163], [162] notes [6], [7], [166] note [15], [169], [174]–[175], [175] note [40], [174]–[182], [197]–[198], [222], [262], [265]–[266], [272]–[273], [274]–[275], [281], [283], [318]–[319], [320], [325], [353]–[355], note [98], [394]–[395], [400].
Receptor, [126], [126] note [15].
Recopilación de leyes de los Reinos de las Indias, [25], [25] note [40], [83], [130], [130] note [28], [250], [276], [301], [305], [314]–[315], [373], [387], [415], [417], [429].
Recurso de fuerza, [105], [411], [411] note [3], [420]ff., [421] note [27].
Reforms, [37], [46] note [21], [81]–[82], [132]–[134], [144], [154]–[157], [184], [217], [274]–[275], [329]–[330], [331], [392]–[393].
See also Intendancy.
Regents, salaries of, [21] note [32];
powers and duties, [85], [131], [141], [186], [211];
recommended for audiencia of Manila, [223] note [83];
royal instruction of, [208], [357], [357] note [107].
Religious, [103]ff., [185], [372], [378] note [35], [380]ff., [386]–[387], [387] note [61], [405]ff., [410]–[444], [417] note [18];
regulations of acuerdo concerning, [215];
suits between, [418]ff., [442].
Removals, of civil officials, [123], [218],
of ecclesiastics, [377]–[378].
Repartimientos, of Indians, [28], [28] note [44], [93], [93] note [40].
Residencia, [23], [25], [50], [74], [97]–[98], [118], [119], [121]–[151], [123] note [10], [159], [203], [209], [209] note [50], [247], [261], [264], [270] note [10], [269], [273], [274] note [16], [280], [283]–[284];
officials subject to, [129], [134], [135]ff., [142] note [59], [146], [152]–[156], [208];
origin, [124];
reforms in, [131], [133], [145], [149]–[150], [155]–[158];
bonds of, [134], [135], [142], [143], [145], [153], [274];
fines, [143], remission of, [91];
method of conducting, [145]–[150],
length of, [150]–[151];
sentence of, [151]–[152];
book of, [192];
of provincial officials, [216].
See also Manila, audiencia of.
Revenues, ecclesiastical, [366], [389]ff., [396]ff.
Revista, [49].
Ríos Coronel, Fernando de los, [228].
Rivera, Gabriel de, procurador de las islas del poniente, [44]ff.
Rivera de Maldonado, Antonio de, oidor, [71].
Robertson, James Alexander, historian, [130] note [28], [310] note [15].
Rojas, Pedro de, teniente y asesor, [71];
transferred to Mexico, [74];
peculations, [285]–[286].
Rojas y Ornate (Oñate), Francisco de, visitor-general, [251], [313], [326]–[327].
Rojo del Río y Vieyra, Manuel Antonio, archbishop and governor, [139] note [54], [246], [341];
ad interim rule, [343]–[355];
espolio, [404] note [104], [428].
Ronquillo de Peñalosa, Diego, governor, [42].
Ronquillo de Peñalosa, Gonzalo, governor, [39]ff., [41] note [14], [107], [137], [260], [425].
Royal patronage, shared by audiencia and governor, [23], [82], [268]ff., [302], [362]–[409];
origin, [363] note [2];
resistance to, [369], [369] note [7], [370]ff.
Ruego y Encargo, [365] note [3], [378] note [35], [382].
Salaries, see Compensation.
Salas, number in respective audiencias, [21] note [32].
Salazar, Domingo de, bishop and first archbishop, [38]ff., [64]ff., [73], [73] note [51], [107], [260], [362], [368]–[369], [418] notes [15] and [16], [431].
Salcedo, Diego de, governor, residencia of, [131]ff.;
lack of support by audiencia, [297]ff., [362]ff.;
enmity of the Inquisition, [380], [432]–[434], [438] note [69].
San Francisco de Quito, see Quito.
San José, royal college of, [388]–[389], [390].
San Juan de Diós, [396] note [86], [397].
San Juan de Letrán, college of, [390].
Sánchez, Fray Alonzo, [68], [362].
Sande, Francisco de, governor, [36], [37], [38]ff., [137], [162] note [3], [196] note [5].
Santa Cruzada, asesor de, [24], bull of, [24].
Santa Fé (de Bogotá), audiencia of, [17];
size and rank, [21] note [32];
presidency, [306]–[307];
defects of, [307];
law of succession, [311].
Santa Misericordia, [396], [397]–[401].
Santiago de Chile, audiencia of, created, [17], [20];
size and rank, [21] note [32];
mentioned, [347].
Santiago de Cuba, audiencia, created, [17].
Santiago de Guatemala, audiencia created, [17], [20];
size and rank, [21] note [32].
Santo Domingo, audiencia, [12], [16], [19], [20], [31];
predecessor of, [11];
size and rank, [21] note [32].
Santo Tomás, University of, [387], [388], [389], [390].
Saravia, see Bravo de Saravia.
Sarrio, Pedro, teniente del rey and acting governor, [178], [214], [281], [390].
Segundo Cabo, [230], [281], [357]–[358].
Serrano (García y Serrano) Miguel de, archbishop, [376].
Seville, Consulado of, [13], [319] note [33].
Silva, Fernando de, governor, [324], [325]–[326].
Silva, Gerónimo de, governor, [138], [142] note [60], [321], [324], [326], [328].
Silva, Juan de, governor, [251], [295], [304], [321].
Slavery, [184].
Sociedad de los amigos del país, [186], [281] note [33].
Soldiers, trial of, [231], [247].
See also Audiencia of Manila, military functions.
Solórzano y Pereyra, Juan de, author of Politica Indiana, [15] note [18], [22], [22] note [23], [24], [26] note [40].
South America, audiencias and governments of, [304]ff.
Spain, colonial administration: definition of, [1];
adaptation of home institutions to, [8];
sketch of development of, [1]–[29];
under Columbus, [8]–[10];
audiencias in, [25], [214];
high purpose of, [99]–[100];
ineffectiveness of illustrated, [100]–[101];
pomp and ceremony of, [187];
cause of failure, [236]–[237];
defects in, [299]–[300];
plan of succession adopted for, [358];
government by audiencia typical of, [360]–[361].
Spanish, instruction in, [154].
Spielberg, George, Dutch free-booter, [321].
Subsidy, deductions at Acapulco, [25] note [37], [175] note [40], [176] and note [41], [319] note [33], [175] note [27].
Succession, of audiencia to government, [266], [273], [304]–[361];
in Peru, [310];
in Mexico, [310];
laws regarding, [310]–[314].
See also Manila, audiencia of.
Suits, [112]ff., [400];
criminal, [116]ff., [116] note [88];
in docket, [128];
involving Chinese, [119]ff.;
property, [111]ff.;
records of, [111];
valuation of, [111], [112], [115], [132]–[133], [146].
See also Manila, audiencia of.
Sulus, Mohammedan, expeditions against, [57].
Superintendente general de la real hacienda, [177].
Superintendente subdelegado de la real hacienda, [167], [198], [254]–[255], [394], [400].
Supreme Council of War, [232].
See Guerra de Indias, Junta de.
Supreme Tribunal of Justice, [157], [157] note [86], [159], [162] note [7], [181], [190].
Tabasco, relation to New Spain, [20].
Tavora, see Nino de Tavora.
Taxation, on imported money, [61];
on metals (mined), [182];
Chinese, [182], [254].
See also Adelandados, Alcabala, Almojarifazgo, Diezmos, Medias anatas, Polo, Quinto, Real hacienda.
Tayabas, inspection in, [179].
Tello de Guzmán, Francisco, governor, [75], [78], [108], [245], [317]–[318].
Temporalities, [389], [391], [395] note [83].
Teniente del governador, [11], [71], [74], [154], [285], [344]ff.;
del rey, [142] note [59], [355], [356]–[357].
Tidore, request for assistance from king of, [245].
Tierra Firme, [305].
Tithes, ecclesiastical, see Diezmos.
Tondo, a ward of Manila, [100], [100] note [53], [179].
Tormento, Josef, alcalde mayor, residencia of, [149].
Torralba, José, oidor and acting governor, [127], [142] note [60], [158], [273], [274] note [16], [278]–[279], [335]–[336], [335] note [64].
Torre, Gaspar de la, governor, [243], [340].
Torre, Francisco Xavier de la, teniente del rey and acting governor, [139] note [54], [219], [243]–[244], [355]–[356], [355] note [102], [347] note [89], [348] note [91].
Tourón (Tournón-Millard Touron), Carlós Tomás, papal delegate [278] note [27], [336] note [65], [374]–[375], [375] note [27].
Towns, administration of justice in, [30], [33]–[34].
Trade, [287], [287] note [44], [302], [318]–[319], [327], [401];
Chinese, [73], [185], [248], [252]–[253], [262], [289] note [47], [327], [330];
illicit, [144];
report on, [186];
ruination by taxation, [44]–[45];
of ecclesiastics, [399];
of officials, [148], [154], [157] note [87], [204]–[205], note [35], [222], [259], [273]–[274], [285], [291], [291] note [49], [299], [319] notes [33] and [34], [372].
See also Chinese, commerce with;
Galleons.
Tribunals, ecclesiastical, [412]ff., [412] note [6], [420], [436]ff., [440] note [72].
Tribute, [34] note [4], [37] note [9], [59] note [61], [215], [220];
from Chinese, [185].
Trinidad, Archbishop, [341], [341] note [73].
Ulloa, Antonio, authority on Spanish colonization, [130] note [28].
Unamanú, Pedro, voyage to China, [62].
Universities in the Philippines, see San José, San Juan de Letrán, Santo Tomas.
University of Santo Tomás, founding of, [387], [388], [389], [390].
Urdaneta, Andrés de, [310] note [15].
Ustáriz, Bishop of Nueva Segovia, [351]–[352], [354].
Vacancies, [312], [315], [351], [375]ff.
See also Succession, Manila, audiencia of, ad interim rule.
Valderrama, Domingo de, visitor-general to New Spain, [310].
Valdivia (Campos Valdivia) Francisco, visitor-general, [273], [423], [443].
Valladolid, chancery of, [19], [23], [170].
Van Noordt, Oliver, Dutch free-booter, [74] note [54], [245].
Vargas, see Basco y Vargas, José.
Vargas Hurtado, Juan de, governor, [140], [213], [228] note [2], [268]–[269], [333], [368], [423], [432] note [60].
Venezuela under audiencia of Santo Domingo, [19].
Vera, Santiago de, governor, [55]ff., [62], [66], [67], [71], [241] note [30], [260].
Viana, Francisco Leandro de, fiscal, [15] note [18], [182], [217], [300], [345] note [85], [354], [407].
Vicepatron, assisted by oidores, [28], [216], [269], [364]ff., [369] note [7], [370]ff., [426].
See also Governor, Royal vicepatron.
Viceroyalty, audiencia of, [21]–[22].
Viceroy, [85], [133], [157] note [86], [170], [210] note [54].
See also Governor and Captain-General, for duties and relations with audiencia;
New Spain.
Vigán, audiencia of, created, [17];
town of, [155].
Villacorta, Francisco Enriquez de, oidor, [139], [139] note [54], [354]ff.
Villa, Gregorio Manuel, oidor, [128]ff.
Visayas, [28].
Visitador, see Visitor.
Visitation, ecclesiastical, [375], [399].
Visitor, [24], [91] note [34], [267]–[268], [306], [344], [384].
Visitor-General, [266], [272]ff., [299]–[300], [310], [313], [326].
Vista, [49].
Vivero de Laredo, Rodrigo, temporary governor, [320]–[321].
Wittert, François, Dutch admiral, attacks Philippines, [321].
Yucatán, relation to New Spain, [18], [20].
Zéndera (Fernández Zéndera), Francisco, residencia of, [152]–[155].