INDEX

Aabenraa, [42].
Adrianople, [266].
Adriatic question, the, [225], [244]-[262].
Adriatic Sea, the, [206], [225], [268].
Adriatic territories, [213], [244]-[262], [280]f.
Adriatic-Transbalkan railway, proposed, [280].
Aegean Sea, the, [266], [268], [278], [283], [284], [287].
Africa, [9].
Agram, [248], [257].
Albania, [265], [278]-[281], [290].
Albanians, [268], [278]-[281].
Albert of Hohenzollern, first duke of Prussia (1525-68), [162].
Alexander Karageorgevich, prince regent of Serbia, [269]f.
Alexandria, [182].
Alföld, plain of the, [231], [232].
Alpine racial type, the, [16], [86], [87], [119].
Alps, the, [20], [211], [222], [225], [244], [268].
Alsace, [12], [16], [76], [77], [78]f., [87], [91], [93], [94], [95], [96], [97], [101], [117],[119], [120], [123], [133].
See [Alsace-Lorraine].
Alsace-Lorraine, [17], [29], [75]-[116], [132], [134], [136], [139], [150], [187], [267], [279].
American Geographical Society, the, [23].
Amsterdam, [63].
Anarchy, [5]f., [204].
Antwerp, [54], [62], [63], [65].
Arc de Triomphe, the, [4].
Argyrocastro, [278], [280].
Armenia, [226].
Armenians, [166].
Arndt, E. M., [118].
Arva, [188], [213].
Asia, [9], [210], [285].
Asia Minor, [15], [17], [278].
Athens, [282].
Augustus Caesar, [201].
Aulard, F. A., [138].
‘Ausonian Republic,’ [247].
Austria, [3], [11], [33], [38], [39], [67], [91], [93], [94], [159], [171], [201]-[229], [244], [246], [250], [256], [270], [277], [287].
Austria-Hungary, [6], [14], [17], [188]-[191], [203]-[210], [248], [265].
Austrian Netherlands, the, [52].
Austrian Silesia, [158], [212], [216], [219].
Autonomy, [106], [207], [238], [280], [285].
Avlona, [281].

Baden, [12], [76], [121], [122], [123].
Bagdad, [242].
Baker, R. S., [34].
Balkans, the, [15], [17], [20], [238], [245], [263]-[290].
Balkan wars, the, of 1912-13, [263]f., [265]f., [267], [282], [285].
Ballad literature, of the Macedonian Slavs, [270].
Baltic provinces, the, [17].
Baltic Sea, the, [157], [159], [161], [162], [164], [167], [178], [179], [180], [181], [287].
Banat of Temesvár, the, [240].
Barker, J. E., quoted, [202].
Baruch, B. M., [24].
Basel, [122].
Basque region, the, [90].
Bas-Rhin, department of the, [114].
Bavaria, [79], [121], [124], [132], [144].
Belfort, [104], [105].
Belgian Congo, the, [71].
Belgium, [11], [48]-[73], [90], [93], [121], [122], [131].
Belgrade, [240], [248], [277].
Belleau Wood, [5].
Bellum omnium contra omnes, [205].
Benson, W. S., [25].
Berlin, [140], [145], [191], [192], [207];
congress of (1878), [9], [267].
Bernhoft, H. A., [42].
Bessarabia, [276].
Birkenfeld, principality of, [124].
Bismarck, Prince Otto, [38]f., [101], [153], [154];
quoted, [100], [212].
Black Sea, the, [167], [238], [268], [276], [282], [283].
Blockade, problems of, [5].
Böcking, family, [137].
Böcking, H., [136], [151].
Bohemia, [18]f., [93], [211], [212], [213]-[222], [223].
Bolsheviki, the, [169], [195]f.
Bolshevism, [6], [237].
Bosnia, [242], [260].
Bosporus, the, [263], [285].
Botzen, [225].
Bowman, I., [23], [34].
Brandenburg, [79], [162].
Bremen, [182].
Brenner Pass, the, [225].
Brest, [7].
Brest-Litovsk, treaty of (1918), [191].
Breusch, the, [88].
Bridges and bridgeheads, Rhine, [128], [129], [130].
Briey, [13], [103], [104], [112].
Brindisi, [255].
British Isles, the, [11], [17].
Brittany, [90].
Britten, [147].
Brixen, [225].
Brockdorff-Rantzau, Count von, [120].
Bryce, Viscount, [6].
Bucharest, peace of (1913), [264], [266], [267], [275].
Budapest, [237], [242], [246], [258].
Bülow, Prince von, [187].
Buffer state, proposed, on the Rhine, [128]f.
Bulgaria, [3], [11], [14], [208], [263]-[277], [281]-[285], [288]ff.
Bulgarian church, the, [271]f.
Bulgarians, [264]-[277], [280]-[285].
Bundesrat, the German, [81].
‘Burgundian gate,’ the, [105].
Burgundy, [51].
Butler, R., quoted, [197].

Caesar, Julius, [8].
Carbonari, the, [247].
Carinthia, [229], [244].
Carniola, [13], [244].
Carnot, L. N. M., [118].
Carpathians, the, [157], [163], [164], [188], [191], [211].
‘Carpatho-Ruthenian nation,’ the, [238].
Casimir IV, king of Poland (1447-92), [161].
Castlereagh, Viscount, [5].
Catholics, in Alsace-Lorraine, [77], [113];
Croats and Slovenes, [242];
French, [129];
Poles, [185];
in the Rhineland, [129];
among the White Russians, [196];
in Zealand Flanders, [65].
Cattaro, [247], [254].
Cavour, Count di, [247].
Celtic speech and blood, [17];
Celtic character of the Left Bank, [118].
Census-takers, perversions of fact by, [17], [44], [159], [170], [173]f., [213], [232]f., [249]f., [282], [283].
Central Africa, [283].
Central Commission for the Navigation of the Rhine, the, [121]ff., [150].
Central Territorial Commission, the, [30].
Ceramic wares, [54], [137].
Cereals, [53].
Champs-Elysées, the, [4].
Charlemagne, [201].
Charles, emperor of Austria, [106], [207], [209].
Charles V, Holy Roman emperor, [51], [78], [201].
Charlotte, grand duchess of Luxemburg, [58], [60].
Chatalja, lines of, [285].
Château-Thierry, [5].
Chemical products, [54].
Chéradame, A., [205], n. [1], [228].
Chiches, the, [250].
Cisleithania, [203]-[229].
Civil War, the, [15].
Clémenceau, G., [26], [27], [107], [128].
Cleves, [66], [125].
Coal, [13], [53], [58], [61], [77], [80], [101], [112], [113], [117], [131], [134]-[148], [152], [186], [197], [221].
Code, German civil, of 1900, [113].
Code Napoléon, the, [126].
Colmar, [89].
Cologne, archbishopric of, [124].
Colonial rivalries, [20].
Comité d’Etudes, the, [23], [35], [115], [116], [151], [152].
Comité de la Rive Gauche du Rhin, [118].
Commissions, [28]-[31].
Committees, special, [29], [30].
Communication, related to boundary problems, [12].
Concordat of 1801, the, [113].
Condominium, in Moresnet, [57];
on the Scheldt, [63]ff.;
suggested, in Lorraine, [112].
‘Congress Kingdom’ of Poland, the, [158], [159], [171], [195], [197].
Connecticut, [76].
Consciousness of kind, [13], [16], [90].
Consistency, Bismarck on, [212].
Constance, Lake of, [122].
Constantinople, [242], [271], [278], [282], [284], [285]f., [290].
Constanza, [276].
Constitution of the United States, the, [32].
Convention of 1787, the, [32].
Copper, [113].
Cotton manufacture, [54], [76].
Council of Five, the, [27], [30], [33].
Council of Four, the, [27]-[30], [33], [50].
Council of Ten, the, [25]ff., [29], [30], [33], [42], [50], [68].
Cracow, [164].
Croatia, [233], [241]f., [257].
Croats, [233], [241]f., [246], [250], [253], [257], [258].
Crown of St. Stephen, lands of the, [214], n. [1].
Crown of St. Wenceslaus, lands of the, [219].
‘Culture,’ propagation of, in Hungary, [233];
in Macedonia, [272];
in Schleswig, [39].
Currency, depreciation of, [48].
Curzola, [248].
Cyprus, [278].
Cyrillic characters, [241].
Czecho-Slovakia, [12], [156], [188], [210], [213]-[222], [237]f., [287].
Czecho-Slovaks, [207], [208], [209], [212], [228].
Czechs, [166], [202], [213]-[222].

Dacia, [239].
Dalmatia, [29], [244], [245]f., [247], [248], [251]-[256], [260], [261], [262].
Danish-Americans, letter of President Wilson to, [42].
Danish language, the, [17], [37], [39]f.
Dannevirke, the, [42].
Danton, G. J., [118].
Danube, the, [12], [20], [225], [237], [240], [268].
Danzig, [21], [157], [161], [173], n. 1, [180]-[185], [223].
Darmstadt, [97].
Davis, N. H., [24].
Dedeagach, [266].
Delaware, [37].
Delbrück, H., quoted, [187]f.
Demilitarization of the Left Bank, [130].
Denis, E., quoted, [127].
Denmark, [37]-[47], [48], [72].
Dillon, E. J., [25], n. 1, [34].
Dinaric Alps, the, [244].
Disraeli, B., [154].
District of Columbia, the, [145].
Divide et impera, [191], [205].
Dixon, W. M., [23].
Dnieper, the, [157], [161], [164], [182], [196].
Dniester, the, [182].
Dobrudja, the, [266], [276], [290].
Dodecanesus, the, [278].
Doge of Venice, the, [252].
Donon, Mount, [88].
Doubs, the, [105].
Drafting Commission, the, [36].
Drang nach Osten, the Germanic, [160].
Drave, the, [223].
Drin, the, [260], [280].
Dualism, in Austria-Hungary, [203]f., [234].
Dunkirk, [90].
Dux Dalmatiae, [252].
Dvina, the, [157], [164].

Eastern Galicia, [189]-[195].
‘Eastern Marches,’ the, of Prussia, [173], [187].
Eastern Thrace, [266], [281], [282], [284], [285]f.
East Friesland, [66].
East India Company, Austria likened to, [203].
East Prussia, [12], [158], [161], [162], [179], [180], [185].
Echo de Paris, the, [128].
Economic problems, commissions on, [28].
Egypt, [14], [212].
Eider, the, [37], [42], [43], [44].
Eiffel, mountain range of the, [55].
Elector Palatine, the, [133].
Elsenborn, camp of, [55], [130].
Enclaves, [78], [134], [159], [176], [282].
England, [25], [27], [47], [67], [71], [87], [120], [129], [153], [172], [241], [248], [281], [285], [286].
See [Great Britain].
Enos-Midia line, the, [265].
Epinal, [105].
Epirotes, [279].
Epirus, [278]ff.
Eteimbes, [88].
‘Ethnographic Poland,’ [158]f., [164].
‘Ethnographic rights,’ [212].
Eugene, Prince, [201].
Eugénie, Empress, [100].
Eupen, [55], [56].
Exarchist church, see [Bulgarian church].

Farnese, Alexander, [51].
Federal republic, the Polish, [166].
Felix of Bourbon-Parma, Prince, [60].
Ferdinand I, II, III, Holy Roman emperors, [201].
Ferdinand, king, later tsar of Bulgaria, [269], [285].
Finance, commission on, [28].
Finno-Ugrian stock, [232].
Fiume, [9], [28], [223], [248], [251], [256]-[262], [280].
Flanders, [60], [65]f.
Flemish language, in Belgium, [48];
spoken about Dunkirk, [90].
Flensburg, [37], [42], [46].
Flensburg fiord, the, [37], [42].
Florida, [14].
Foch, Marshal, [25].
Fortresses of the French frontier, demanded by Germany, [104]f.
Fortwusteln, [203].
Fourteen Points, the, [21]f., [42], [170], [171], [177], [207], [209].
France, [11], [16], [25], [27], [50], [51], [52], [67], [71], [131], [153], [154], [170], [248], [259], [280], [285], [286];
problems of her eastern frontier, [75]-[152].
Francis I, emperor of Austria, [93];
quoted, [204]f.
Francis II, Holy Roman emperor, see [Francis I, emperor of Austria].
Frankenholz, [142].
Frankfort, treaty of (1871), [75], [80], [103], [108], [109], [110], [120].
Frankish empire, the, [51], [119].
Frederick the Great, king of Prussia, [178].
Freeman, E. A., [120], [254].
French Foreign Office, the, [24].
French Revolution, the, [5], [52], [57], [63], [85], [92], [95]f., [99], [120], [124], [125], [133], [134], [138].
Frisian islands, the, [37].
Frisians, [38].
Frontiers, geographical elements of, [11]ff.;
human elements in frontier-making, [13]-[20];
as affected by hopes of the future, [20]f.;
bibliography, [35].
Fustel de Coulanges, N. D., [115];
quoted, [96].

Galicia, [158], [159], [160], [188]-[195], [199], [210], [238].
Gaul, Roman, [118].
Gauls, [86], [88].
Geislautern, [136].
‘Geographic Poland,’ [158].
German Austria, [209]f., [213], [217], [218], [222]-[229].
German Bohemia, proposed republic of, [216].
German colonies, the, [14], [21].
German East Africa, [71].
German Gate, the, at Metz, [83].
Germanic invasions, the, [119].
Germanization, [39], [173], [174]f.
German minorities, in Austria, [203]-[206];
in the Baltic provinces, [17];
in the Banat, [240];
in Belgium, [18];
in Bohemia, [15], [18], [215], [216]-[222];
in Hungary, [233];
in Moravia, [216];
in North Schleswig, [46];
in Poland, [15], [166], [172], [173]-[188];
in Transylvania, [239];
in Upper Silesia, [212], [216].
Germany, [3], [6], [7], [8], [11], [14], [16], [21], [33], [48]f., [50], [51], [61], [70]f., [154], [157], [160], [191], [197], [198], [206], [207], [218], [226]-[228], [243], [264];
adjustment of Danish frontier, [37]-[47];
of Belgian frontier, [49], [54]-[57];
of French frontier, [75]-[152];
of Polish frontier, [172]-[188].
Ghent, [64].
Gibraltar, [281].
Gladstone, W. E., [154].
Gorizia, [244], [247], [248], [249], [251].
Governing Commission, the, in the Saar district, [144]-[150].
Governing Commission, for the Rhenish territories, see [Inter-Allied Rhineland High Commission].
Gradisca, [244].
Grand Trianon, treaty of the (1920), [3], [237], n. 1.
Great Britain, [122], [131], [132], [170], [280].
See [England].
Greater Greece, [156].
Greater Roumania, [156].
Greece, [28], [156], [264], [265], [266], [267], [277]-[287], [289]f.
Greek church, the, [271].
Greeks, the, [16], [266], [268], [269], [272], [278]-[287].
Gribble, F., quoted, [209].
Grodno, province of, [196].
Guelders, Prussian, [125].
Guizot, F. P. G., [154]f.
Gypsies, [268].

Halicz, principality of, [160].
Hamburg, [54], [182].
Hapsburg, house of, [51], [78], [79], [94], [98], [201]ff., [209], [219], [222], [249], [256].
Haskins, C. H., [29].
Haut-Rhin, department of the, [114].
Hawaii, [14].
Headlam-Morley, J. W., [29].
Heligoland, [47].
Hellenic nation, the, [278]f.
Henderson, A., [207].
Hesse, [121], [124].
High German, the official language in Germany, [90].
Historical Section of the British Foreign office, the, [23].
‘Historic rights,’ [211]f.
Hoboken, [7].
Hofer, Andreas, [225].
Hohenzollern, house of, [94], [98], [162].
Hohe Tauern, the, [225].
Holland, [11], [49], [51], [52], [54], [57], [60]-[70], [93], [118], [121], [122].
Holstein, [38].
Holy Roman Empire, the, [78], [84], [92]ff., [120].
Homburg, in the Palatinate, [146].
Hoover, H., [5], [25].
Hostenbach, [142].
House, E. M., [23].
Hugo, Victor, [154].
Hundred Days, the, [135].
Hundred Years’ War, the, between Poland and the Teutonic Knights, [161].
Hungary, [3], [6], [210], [212], [213], [226], [231]-[243], [244], [246], [256], [257], [258], [259], [277].

Ill, the, [76].
Immanent justice, idea of an, [153].
Imperial Colonization Commission, the, [174].
Indemnities, [6], [111].
India, [212], [286].
Industrialism, modern, [12].
‘Inquiry,’ the, [23].
Intendant, the, [95].
Inter-Allied Rhineland High Commission, the, [131], [150].
International administration, [21], [285].
International Commission, on the Schleswig plebiscites, [44].
International servitudes, [68].
Ireland, [14], [15], [212], [241].
Iron, [13], [54], [58], [59], [77], [84], [85], [101]-[104], [106], [112], [113], [116], [137], [197].
Istria, [244], [247], [248], [249], [250], [251].
Italia Irredenta, [156].
Italianità, [245].
Italy, [11], [25], [27], [50], [90], [93], [122], [153], [158], [170], [210], [213], [224]f., [244]-[262], [278], [280], [281], [287].

Japan, [25], [50].
Japanese, at the Peace Conference, [25], [28].
Jefferson, Thomas, quoted, [154].
Jena, battle of, [187].
Jews, [15], [19], [113], [159], [166], [189], [194], [268].
Joseph II, Holy Roman emperor (1765-90), [201].
Julian Alps, the, [244], [249].
Jutland, [37].

Kamieniec, [164].
Kansas, [158].
Karl, see [Charles].
Károlyi, Count, [236], [237].
Karst Mountains, the, [244], [249].
Kehl, [122].
Key deposits of minerals, disposal of, [18], [140]f.
Keynes, J. M., [27], n. 1, [34], [148]f.
Kiel Canal, the, [37], [46]f.
Kiev, [163].
Klagenfurt, [213], [223]f.
Kléber, J. B., [96].
Königsberg, [180], [182].
Komitadjis, [272], [277].
Koritza, [278], [279], [280].
Kosciuszko, T., [165].
Kossuth, Louis, [243].
Kun, Béla, [237].

Labor organizations, in the Saar district, [140].
Lamont, T. W., [24].
Lancashire, [197].
Land, passion for, [10].
Landau, [80], [120], [133], [134], [135], [136], [138].
Landtag, the, in Alsace-Lorraine, [80]f.
Language, as an element in frontier-making, [16]ff.;
in Schleswig, [40];
in Alsace-Lorraine, [87]-[92], [116], [119];
in Macedonia, [273];
in Northern Epirus, [278]f.
Language Union, the, in Schleswig, [40].
Latin colonies and language, in Dalmatia, [245].
Latin-Dalmatian communes, the, [252].
Lauenburg, [38].
Lauter, the, [80], [133], [135].
Lavisse, E., [23].
Lead, [186], [197].
League of Nations, the, [3], [4], [20]f., [33], [35], [56], [66], [71], [132], [144]-[150], [183], [202], [227], [281].
Left Bank, the, [54], [55], [76], [111], [117], [118]-[132], [150], [151].
Leipzig, battle of, [187].
Lemberg, [189], [192].
Lens, [142].
Leopold I (of Saxe-Coburg), king of the Belgians (1831-65), [52].
Liberia, [50].
Liberty, a privilege, [14].
Libre Parole, the, [128].
Liège, [55], [62], [120].
Liepvrette, the, [88].
Ligne, Prince de, [201];
quoted, [4].
Limburg, [13], [55], [60]ff., [66].
Limestone, [102].
Lissa, [248], [256].
“Litany of the Polish Pilgrim,” by Mickiewicz, [155].
Lithuania, [161], [162]ff., [165], [168], [172], [196], [200].
Lithuanians, [15], [159], [168], [169].
Little Russian race, the, [189].
Livonia, [163].
Lloyd George, D., [27], [188].
Lötzen, [174].
London, [54], [206];
treaty of (1831), [52];
(1913), [265];
(1915), [248]f.
Longwy, [103], [104], [112].
Lorraine, [13], [76]ff., [79], [87], [88], [89], [91], [93], [94], [95], [96], [101]-[104], [117], [132], [133], [135], [141], [142].
See [Alsace-Lorraine].
Lorraine, duchy of, [78], [133].
Losheim, [147].
Louis XIV, king of France, [78], [79], [92], [96], [98], [99], [118], [120], [133].
Louis XV, king of France, [78].
Low Countries, the, [157].
Lower Alsace, [81], [89].
Lower Austria, [223].
Low German dialects, [90].
Lunatics, proselytizing of, [217].
Luxemburg, [49], [54], [55], [57]-[60], [61], [69], [72], [76], [102], [129].
Lvov, Prince, [171].
Lyck, circle of, [174].

McCormick, V., [24].
Macedonia, [178], [266]-[275], [284], [289]f.
Maestricht, [61], [62], [120].
‘Magnificent community’ of Fiume, the, [256].
Magyarization, [234]ff., [258].
Magyars, [166], [203], [209], [211], [212], [214], n. 1, [215], [216], [231]-[243], [246], [256], [257], [258], [259], [260], [261]f.
Mainz, archbishopric of, [124].
Majority Socialists, the, in Prussia, [129].
Malmedy, [56].
Malta, [247], [256].
Mandates, [281], [285].
Manin, D., [247].
Mannesmann, family, [137].
Mannheim, [121], [122].
Mantoux, P., [27].
Maria Theresia, empress-queen, [201], [256].
Marie Adelheid, grand duchess of Luxemburg, [58].
Marienwerder district, the, [180], n. 1, [184]f.
Marne, the, [4].
Máros, the, [240].
Marseillaise, the, [96].
Marseilles, [182], [259].
Mary, heiress of Burgundy, [51].
Maximilian of Austria, [51].
Mazuria, [180], n. 1, [185].
Mazzini, G., [154], [247], [256], [261], [287].
Mediterranean racial type, the, [16].
Meersen, partition of (870), [120].
Meran, [225].
Mercury mines, [13].
Metković, [260].
Metz, [78], [81], [83]f., [85], [89], [101], [120].
Meuse, the, [55], [60], [62], [63], [69], [70], [105], [119].
Meyer’s Handlexicon, quoted, [95].
Mickiewicz, A., [155], [165], [203].
Middle kingdom, the, of the Frankish empire, [50]f.
Miller, D. H., [24], [34].
Mineral resources, [13], [53], [77], [112]f., [186], [197], [221], [231].
Minette iron field, [77], [102]ff., [112].
Minnesota, [158].
Minorities, problems of, [15].
Minority Socialists, in Germany, [106].
Minsk, [164];
province of, [196].
Mitteleuropa, [20], [207].
Model dwellings, [137].
Mörs, county of, [125].
Mohammedans, [19], [242], [278], [282].
Mommsen, T., [8].
Mongols, the, [160].
Montalembert, Comte de, [154].
Montenegro, [265], [269].
Montreux, [88].
Moravia, [212], [213], [216], [218], [219], [223].
Moresnet, district of, [57].
Morier, Sir Robert, quoted, [97]f.
Morlaks, the, [250].
Morocco, [28].
Moselle, the, [76], [101], [105], [122], [141].
Moselle, department of the, [114].
Moslems, see [Mohammedans].
Mountains, as frontiers, [11]f.
Münster, [3].
Mulhouse, [76], [78], [79], [89].
Munich, [140], [145].
Muscovites, [165], [285].

Nahe, the, [124].
Namier, L. B., [182], n. 1.
Nancy, [112].
Napoleon I, [3], [79], [84], [135], [202].
Napoleon III, [38], [84].
Nassau, house of, [52];
Luxemburg branch, [57], [58], [60].
National Councils, in the former Austrian territories, [209].
Nationalities, Hungarian law of, [234].
Nationality, principle of, [19]f., [243], [265], [288].
Natural resources, importance of, [12]f.
Naval Intelligence Division, the British, [23].
Negroes, in America, [15].
Netherlands, the, [51], [122].
Neuilly, treaty of (1919), [3], [264], [285], [289].
Neutrality, Belgian, [66]-[69].
‘Neutral schools,’ [114].
New York, [7].
Ney, M., [96], [138].
Niemen, the, [182].
Nord, department of the, [139].
North Albanians, [280].
Northern Epirus, [278]ff., [290].
North Schleswig, [19], [37]-[48], [72].
North Schleswig Voters’ Union, the, [40], [42].
North Sea, the, [42], [62].
Norway, [44].

Oder, the, [159].
Oetzthaler Alps, the, [225].
Oil wells, [77], [113].
Oldenburg, duke of, [124].
Orlando, V. E., [27].
Orthodox, in Albania, [278];
Serbs, [242];
among the White Russians, [196].
Osnabrück, [3].
Ottweiler, [139].

Pacific Ocean, the, [9], [191].
Paderewski, I. J., [165].
Palatinate, the Bavarian, [76], [124], [129], [136], [137], [139], [140], [141], [146].
Palestine, [19].
Panama, [50], [281].
Panama Canal, the, [47].
Pan-Germanism, [105], [208], [287].
Pannonian basin, the, [231].
Paris, treaty of (1814), [134]f.;
conference of (1815), [3];
peace conference at (1919), [3]-[35], et passim.
Partitions of Poland, the, [163], [164], [165], [168], [169], [177], [178], [180], [181], [189], [197].
Pas-de-Calais, department of, [139].
Patois, local, [90].
Patriarch, the Greek, [282].
Patriarchist church, see [Greek church].
Pechelbronn, [77].
Pennsylvania, [53].
Petlura, S., [194].
Petroleum, [197].
See [Oil].
Philip II, king of Spain, [51].
Philippines, the, [14].
Piasts, house of the, [159], [163].
Pichon, G., [26].
Pilsudski, J., [165].
Pirot-Tsaribrod basin, the, [277].
Pius IX, pope (1846-78), [154].
Plebiscites, [18], [35], [42]-[46], [60], [106]-[109], [173], [184]-[187], [188].
Pliny the Elder, [5].
Poincaré, R., [107].
Pola, [255].
Poland, [12], [19], [28], [39], [91], [153]-[200], [210], [287].
Poles, [209], [212].
Polonization, [163]ff.
Pomaks, [282], [283].
Pomerania, [159], [160].
Pont-à-Mousson, [141].
Porto Lago, [266].
Posen (Posnania), [158], [177]f., [184], [188].
Potash, [13], [77], [101], [112].
Prague, [218];
treaty of (1866), [38].
Presburg, [237].
Prescription, notion of, [19].
Protestants, in Alsace, [77], [96], [113];
in Mazuria, [185].
Prothero, G. W., [23], [35].
Provence, [90].
Prussia, [17], [19], [38], [39], [40], [54]f., [57], [58], [66], [67], [80], [82], [93], [117], [121], [125], [126], [132], [135], [136], [144], [146], [150], [159], [160], [167], [171], [172], [173]-[188], [205], [287].

Quadruple Alliance, the, [236].
Quai d’Orsay, the, [24], [27].
Quarnero, gulf of, [247], [249].
Queich, the, [80].

Race, [15]f., [86]f., [119], [159], n. 1.
Radical party, the, in Denmark, [42], [45].
Ragusa, [245], [254], [260].
Railroad lines, as related to frontier problems, [12], [55], [176], [180], [184]f., [223], [260], [276], [277].
Ranke, L. von, quoted, [98].
Rationing, problems of, [5].
Ratzel, F., [254].
Reformation, the, [79].
Reichsrat, Austrian, [250], [252].
Reichstag, the German, [40], [46], [80], [81], [83], [108], [145].
Religious toleration, in Poland, [166].
Renan, E., [7]f.
Reparation, commission on, [28], [142]f.
‘Republic of the Great Ukraine,’ the, [194].
‘Republic of the Western Ukraine,’ the, [192].
Revolutionary covenant of 1790, in France, [138].
Rheinprovinz, the, [124]-[132], [136], [140], [141].
Rhenish Prussia, see [Rheinprovinz].
Rhenus finis Germaniae, [118].
Rhine, the, [12], [16], [20], [50], [55], [66], [76], [82], [92], [96], [101], [114], [117]-[132], [150], [151].
Rhine frontier, the, [29], [119], [128].
Rhine-Scheldt canal, proposed, [62].
Rhode Island, [76], [146].
Rhone, the, [93], [182].
Right Bank, the, [111], [123], [127], [131].
Rio Grande, the, [10].
Risorgimento, the, [247].
Rivers, unite rather than divide, [12].
Röchling, family, [137].
Romans, the, [166], [239].
Rome, rule of, in Dalmatia, [245], [246], [252].
Roosevelt, T., quoted, [286].
Rotterdam, [63].
Roumania, [3], [28], [156], [210], [238]ff., [262], [264], [265], [266], [276], [277], [287].
Roumanians, [209], [233], [238]ff., [276].
Rubens, [26].
Ruhr, region of the, [131].
Rumenes, the, [250].
Russia, [11], [67], [156], [157], [158], [159], [169], [171]f., [191], [195]-[198], [206], [207], [248], [265], [267], [270], [285], [287].
Russians, [15], [17], [166], [194].
Russification, [163].
Ruthenians, [189]-[195], [233], [238].
Ryksvlaanderen, [65].

Saar, the, [120], [133].
Saar basin (valley, district), the, [13], [21], [29], [76], [77], [80], [101], [117], [120], [125], [132]-[152], [186], [223].
Saarbrücken, [133], [134], [135], [136], [137], [139]; county of, [133].
Saar Commission, see [Governing Commission, the, in the Saar district].
Saarhölzbach, [146].
Saarlouis, [78], [80], [120], [133], [134], [135], [138], [139].
Saint-Germain-en-Laye, treaty of (1919), [3], [213].
St. Sophia, [285].
St. Thomas, [14].
St. Vith, territory of, [54].
Salisbury, Lord, [154].
Salonica, [277].
Salt mines, [77].
San Marco, lion of, [246].
San Stefano, treaty of (1878), [267].
Saône, the, [105].
Sarrebourg, [88].
Sarreguemines, [146].
Saxony, [54], [125], [135].
Scandinavia, [11], [87].
Scheldt, the, [60], [62]-[66], [68], [69].
Schlei, the, [43], [44].
Schleswig, [17], [37]-[48], [72].
Schleswig-Holstein question, the, [38].
School Union, the, in Schleswig, [40].
Schrader, F., [120].
Schumacher, H., quoted, [103], n. 1.
Schwob, [16].
Scotch mill-worker, anecdote of a, [7].
Scott, J. B., [24].
Scotus Viator, see [Seton-Watson].
Sea, access to the, importance of, [12].
Seigniorial rights, [95].
Self-determination, [13]ff., [34], [46], [140]f., [238].
Sensburg, [174].
Separation Laws, the, in France, [113]f.
Separatist tendencies, in Rhenish Prussia, [129].
Serbia, [11], [240]ff., [261], [264], [265], [266], [267], [269]-[275], [277], [280].
Serbs, [233], [240]ff., [266], [268]-[275], [280].
Seton-Watson, R. W., [262].
Shkypetars, [279].
Siam, [50].
Siberia, [207].
Sick Man on the Bosporus, the, [263].
Sierck, [78].
Silesia, [158], [159], [160], [213], [219].
See [Austrian Silesia], [Upper Silesia].
Silistria, [276].
Slovakia, [222].
Slovaks, [213]-[222], [233], [237].
Slovenes, [223]f., [241] f., [246], [249], [250], [251].
Social insurance, [137], [145].
Sönderjylland, [37], [72].
Sofia, [263], [271], [272], [277], [282].
Somme, the, [104].
Southern Albania, [278]ff., [290].
Southern Dobrudja, the, [266], [276].
Southern Slavs, the, [268]-[278].
See Yugo-Slavs.
Sovereign Council, the, [95].
Spain, [51], [63].
Spalato, [253]f.
Spanish Netherlands, the, [52], [63].
Spanish peninsula, the, [11].
Speier, [140];
bishopric of, [124], [133].
Stanislas Leszcynski, king of Poland, duke of Lorraine, [78].
State, Polish conception of the, [167].
Statistical Commission, the, of the Congress of Vienna, [22].
Statthalter, the, in Alsace-Lorraine, [80], [81].
Stavelot-Malmedy, abbey of, [54].
Steed, H. W., [228];
quoted, [202], [243].
Stephen Dushan, Serbian emperor, [270].
Stettin, [182].
Straits, the, [265], [283], [290].
Strasburg, [79], [80], [81], [83], [89], [96], [107], [120].
Strumica, valley of the, [266], [276]f.
Stumm, family, [136], [137].
Submarine bases, [65], [255].
Suez Canal, the, [47].
Sugar refineries, [125].
Sultan, the, [265], [286].
Super-state, the, [150].
Supreme Council, the, [225].
Sušak, [259].
Sweden, [44], [45].
Swedes, [165].
Switzerland, [76], [79], [91], [93], [118], [121], [122], [222], [236].
Sylt, island of, [42].
Szepes, see [Zips].

Talleyrand, [4].
Tardieu, A., [29], [34], [151].
Tartars, [165], [166], [167].
Taussig, F. W., [24].
Teaching religious orders, [114].
Temesvár, [240].
Terneuzen canal, the, [64].
Teschen, [13], [158], [188], [213].
Teutonic Knights, the, [160], [161], [162], [178], [185].
Teutonic racial type, the, [16], [86], [87], [119].
Texas, [14].
Theiss, the, [240].
Thionville, [88].
This, C., [88], [116].
Thirty Years’ War, the, [79].
Thomas process, the, [102], [103].
Thorn, peace of (1466), [161].
Thrace, [266], [277], [278], [281]-[285], [290].
Three Bishoprics, province of the, [78], [120].
Tobacco, [76].
Tönder, [46].
Toul, [78], [105].
Trajan, Roman emperor (98-117), [239].
Transleithania, [231]-[243].
Transportation, problems of, [5].
Transylvania, [239], [240].
Traù, [248].
Trentino, the, [224], [247].
Tribal duchies, [92]f., [120].
Trier, [140];
archbishopric of, [124].
Trieste, [244], [245], [247], [248], [249], [251].
Trois Evêchés, [78].
Tsars, Bulgarian, [269].
Turanians, [268], [269].
Turkey, [6], [14], [33], [242], [263], [265], [266], [267], [269], [270], [281]-[287], [290].
Turko-Tartar stock, [232].
Turks, [165], [167], [201], [268], [270], [271], [272], [281], [282], [283], [285], [286].
Tyrol, the, [224]f., [248].

Üsküb, [270].
Ukraine, the, [163], [165], [168], [172], [191], [193], [194], [199]f.
‘Ukrainian idea,’ the, [191].
Ukrainians, [159], [160], [168], [169], [189], [191]-[194], [196], [209], [210].
Ukrainophiles, [193].
Ulster, [15].
United Netherlands, the, [51].
United States, the, at the Peace Conference, [4]f., [7], [14], [19], [21], [23]f., [25]ff., [29], [30]ff., [261], [280];
indisposed to accept a mandate for Albania, [281];
or for Constantinople, [285]f.
Upper Alsace, [13], [76], [81], [88], [89], [91], [101], [105], [109], [112].
Upper Austria, [223].
Upper Silesia, [13], [45], [91], [185]f., [197], [212].
Urals, the, [157].
Utrecht, treaty of (1713), [52].

Valenciennes, [142].
Valona, see [Avlona].
Varna, [276].
Vauban, [135], [138].
Velebite Mountains, the, [244].
Venetia, [247], [249].
Venetia Julia, [249].
Venice, [245], [246], [252], [255], [256].
Venizelos, E., [277] f., [281], [283].
Verdun, [78], [105], [120].
Versailles, preliminaries of (1871), [75], [103];
treaty of (1919), [3], [31], [75], [145], [146], [148], [172], [177]f., [186], [213], [227].
Vieille Montagne, [57].
Vienna, [192], [209], [222], [226], [233], [246];
congress of (1814-15), [3], [4], [8], [22], [32], [52], [66], [124], [158];
treaty of (1738), [78];
treaty of (1815), [32], [57], [63], [79]f., [120], [121], [125];
treaty of (1864), [38].
Viribus unitis, [205].
Vistula, the, [160], [161], [178], [182], [184].
Vlachs, [268].
Volhynia, province of, [196].
Vosges, the, [76], [84], [85], [101], [119].

Wacke, [16].
Wadern, [147].
Wallenstein, A. E. von, [201].
Walloon language, [56];
Walloon portion of Luxemburg, [57].
Walther von der Vogelweide, [225].
Warsaw, [154], [164], [171], [185].
War-weariness, [4]ff., [206].
Washington, [206].
Waterloo, battle of, [79], [154], [187].
Waterways, commission on, [28].
Webster, C. K., [35];
cited, [4].
Wedding of the sea, the, by Venice, [252].
Weiss, the, [88].
Weisskirchen, [147].
‘Welsh,’ [16].
Wesel, [66].
Western Galicia, [189].
Western Thrace, [266], [277], [281]-[285].
Westphalia, [125]f., [141], [148].
Westphalia, treaty of (1698), [3], [63], [78], [79], [93].
West Prussia, [12], [158], [161], [178]f., [181], [184].
Wharton, Henry, quoted, [154].
White Russia, [163], [168], [200].
White Russians, [159], [196].
William I, German emperor, quoted, [100].
William II, German emperor, [84], [207].
Wilno, [163], [164];
province of, [196].
Wilson, Woodrow, [3], [7], [14], [19], [21], [23], [26], [27], [31], [42], [49], [68], [75], [106], [109], [150], [170], [207], [208], [261], [275].
Wissembourg, [134].
Wittelsheim, [77].
Worms, bishopric of, [124].

Young, A. A., [24].
Yugo-Slavia, [156], [210], [241]f., [244]-[262], [280], [287].
Yugo-Slavs, [208], [209], [213], [223], [224], [244]-[262].

Zabern affair, the, [82].
Zanzibar, [47].
Zara, [252], [253], [254], [256].
Zbrucz, the, [192].
Zealand Flanders, [65]f.
Zillerthaler Alps, the, [225].
Zimmermann note, the, [14].
Zinc, [186], [197].
Zinc mine of Vieille Montagne, [57].
Zinc works, [54].
Zips, [188], [213].
Zollverein, German, [58], [59], [129].
Zweibrücken, [137];
house of, [124], [133].