Matthew Fontaine Maury, the Pathfinder of the Seas

by Charles Lee Lewis

INDEX

• Abbé, Cleveland, [236].
• Abel, Frederic Augustus, [207].
• Adams, John Quincy, [128], [234].
• Adams, Samuel, [245].
• Agamemnon, [79].
• Agassiz, Alexander, [128].
• Alabama, [171], [173], [226].
• Albany, [67].
• Allen, John J., [145].
• Amundson, Roald, [82].
• Antarctic, [62].
• Appomattox, [183].
• Arabia, Cunard Steamer, [170].
• Arctic, [79].
• Arctic and Antarctic Exploration, [81–83].
• Arman, L., [174].
• Ashburton, Lord (Alexander Baring), [128].
• Atlantic Cable, [76], [77], [104], [212].
• Atrato, Royal Mail Steamer, [183].
• Bache, Professor Alexander D., [80].
• Bacon, Francis, [131].
• Badger, Secretary of Navy, George E., [41].
• Bailey, Professor J. W., [76].
• Barron, Commodore James, [133].
• Barron, Captain Samuel, [171].
• Bazaine, General F. A., [214].
• Beauregard, General Pierre G. T., [126], [209].
• Bell, Senator John, [113].
• “Ben Bow” Articles in Richmond Enquirer, [155–158], [162].
• Benjamin, Senator Judah P., [114].
• Berryman, Lieutenant O. H., [67], [76], [79].
• Biddle, E. C. and J., Publishers, [27], [67], [68].
• Biddle, Commodore James, [52].
• Biddle, Lieutenant James S., [108], [111].
• Bigelow, Abraham, [108].
• Blackburn, the Reverend Doctor, [4], [5].
• Blossom, Schooner, [248].
• Bolivar, Simon, [14].
• Booth, Edwin, [245].
• Bowditch, Nathaniel, [22], [27], [37].
• Brandywine, U. S. Frigate, [9], [10], [12], [13].
• Brooke, John Mercer, [76], [229], [246].
• Brown, John, [121].
• Brussels Conference, [57], [58], [85], [229], [230], [232].
• Buchan, Alexander, [232].
• Buchanan, Admiral Franklin, [108], [146].
• Buckingham, Duke of, [185].
• Bulloch, James T., [170], [174], [177], [186], [187], [188].
• Bureau of Coast, Harbor, and River Defense, [148].
• Busey, N. H., [247].
• Byrd, Commander Richard Evelyn, [82].
• Byron, Lord George Gordan, [131].
• Calhoun, John C., [128].
• Cambridge LL.D., [215–217].
• Carlotta, Empress of Mexico, [190], [195], [197], [199], [200], [203], [213–216].
• Carpenter, W. B., [75].
• Carter, W. F., [153].
• Champlain, Battle of Lake, [7].
• Charles II, [2].
• Children, Maury’s (Pet Names), [139], [141].
• Clayton, Senator J. M., [114].
• Coffin, Professor John H. C., [47].
• Collingwood, Admiral Cuthbert, [133].
• Colt, Colonel Samuel, [154].
• Columbia University, [64].
• Columbus, [52].
• Congress, [18].
• Consort, [29], [32].
• Constantine, Grand Duke of Russia, [128], [162], [164], [166], [180], [209].
• Corbin, Mrs. Diana Fontaine (Maury), [136], [141], [147], [185], [203], [242–244].
• Cox, Virginia Lee, [251].
• Coxetter, Captain Louis M., [168].
• Craven, Captain T. T., [172].
• Cuba, [162], [183], [186], [187], [189], [193], [199].
• Cumberland, [148].
• Cyclops, [78].
• Dahlgren, John A., [128].
• Dante, Alighieri, [131].
• Davidson, Lieutenant Hunter, [153–155].
• Davis, Jefferson, [114], [124], [126], [128], [146], [154], [160], [162], [165], [175], [179], [189], [215], [219].
• Davy, Marie, [232].
• Dayman, Lieutenant (Royal Navy), [78].
• Decatur, Stephen, [133].
• Decorations, Degrees, etc., [63–65], [112], [162], [163], [215–217].
• De Haven, Edward J., [81], [82].
• De la Mare, Walter, [249].
• De Le Marche, Captain, [165].
• Delta, Royal Mail Steamer, [169].
• Dickerson, Secretary of Navy, Mahlon, [27], [29], [30], [33].
• Dobbin, Secretary of Navy, J. C., [114].
• Dolphin, [24], [67], [76].
• Dorr, E. P., [236].
• Downes, John, [24].
• Du Pont, Samuel F., [108].
• Edgeworth, Maria, [141].
• Elder, John A., [247].
• Electric Torpedoes (Mines), [148–155], [178–183], [204–208].
• Elizabeth, [190].
• Engineer, [31].
• Essex, [7], [16].
• Experiment, [31].
• Falmouth, [23], [24], [51].
• Faraday, Professor Michael, [80], [128].
• Farleyvale, [142], [147].
• Farragut, Admiral David Glasgow, [11], [18], [178].
• Field, Cyrus W., [78], [79], [128], [212].
• Finch (Bolton), William Compton, [14], [15], [17], [18].
• Fitzroy, Robert, [229].
• Flying Cloud, [60].
• Flying Fish, [61].
• Fontaine, Sally, [141].
• Foote, Andrew H., [108].
• Forbes, R. B., [83].
• Fowler, G. Herbert, [249].
• Francia, Dr. José G. R., [120].
• Franklin, Tennessee, [3], [4], [9], [31], [246], [249].
• Franklin, Sir John, [81].
• Fraser, Trenholm and Company, [170].
• Fredericksburg, [2], [9], [26], [28], [31], [32], [41], [126], [146], [150], [164], [167], [196], [227], [246].
• Fullam, W. F., [247].
• Fulton, Robert, [154].
• Gentry, Susie, [248].
• Geography Series, [210–211], [222–225], [237].
• Georgetown College, [94].
• Georgia, [171], [172].
• Gibraltar, [12].
• Gilliss, John P., [44], [45], [81].
• Gladstone, William Ewart, [175].
• Glynn, James, [29], [31].
• Godon, Sylvanus W., [108].
• Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, [131].
• Goldsborough, Lewis M., [44].
• Goshen Pass, [240], [241], [246], [249].
• Graham, Secretary of Navy, William A., [56], [64], [114], [116].
• Gregory, Captain Francis H., [30].
• Gunboats, Construction of, [158–160].
• Hall of Fame, [245].
• Hamburg, Germany, [246], [247].
• Harlan, Senator James, [87].
• Harper and Brothers, [68], [102].
• Harpeth Academy, [4], [7].
• Harris, Isham G., [198].
• Harrison, Thomas, [127].
• Hasbrouck, William C., [5], [7], [68], [123], [147].
• Hassler, F. R., [31].
• Hawaii, [17].
• Hawthorne, Nathaniel, [128].
• Haymond, Thomas S., [145].
• Hemans, Felicia D., [132].
• Henry, Professor Joseph, [89].
• Herald, [168], [169].
• Herdman, Sir William A., [75], [249].
• Hergesheimer, E. Sophonisba, [247].
• Herndon, Ann Hull (See Maury, Mrs. M. F.).
• Herndon, Dr. Brodie, [188], [237].
• Herndon, Edward, [8].
• Herndon, Ellen, [59].
• Herndon, William Lewis, [82], [119].
• Herschel, Sir John, [74], [75].
• Hindman, General Thomas C., [197].
• Hjort, Johan, [249].
• Hollywood Cemetery, [241].
• Holmes, Nathaniel J., [183], [204], [205].
• Honolulu, [17].
• Houston, Samuel, [7], [128].
• Hubbard, Professor J. S., [47], [48].
• Humboldt, Baron F. H. Alexander von, [59], [65], [68], [78], [128].
• Ibanez, Vicente Blasco, [248].
• Immortality, H. M. S., [170].
• “Inca Papers” on the Amazon, [119–120].
• Investigator, H. M. S., [82].
• Irving, Washington, [18].
• Irving, Midshipman William, [18].
• Jackson, Andrew, [27], [29].
• Jackson, “Stonewall”, [240], [245].
• Jansen, Marin H., [128], [138], [181], [189], [190], [203], [208], [209], [232], [237], [244].
• Japan, [171].
• Jay, John, [245].
• John Gilpin, [61].
• Johnston, Senator John Warfield, [231].
• Jomard, E. F., [74], [128].
• Jones, John Paul, [245].
• Jones, Thomas Ap Catesby, [29], [30], [41].
• Juarez, Benito P., [214].
• Kamehameha III, [17].
• Kane, Dr. Elisha K., [82], [128].
• Kearny, Captain Lawrence, [30].
• Keith, Professor Ruel, [47].
• Kennedy, Secretary of Navy, John P., [114].
• Kennon, Beverly, [155].
• Kilby, [62].
• Lafayette, Marquis de, [10–12], [27].
• Laird, John, [171], [209].
• Lalande, Joseph de, [48], [49].
• Land Meteorology, [85–89], [229–237].
• Lee, General Robert Edward, [144], [146], [183], [187], [188], [191–193], [220], [239], [244].
• Lee, S. P., [67].
• Letcher, Governor John, [145], [150], [158], [159], [161], [220], [227].
• Leverrier, W. J. J., [48], [128].
• Lexington, Virginia, [220], [221], [227], [228], [239–241], [246].
• Lieber, Hamilton, [132].
• Liebig, Justus von, [128].
• Lincoln, Abraham, [123], [125], [126], [157], [183].
• Locke, John, [46].
• Lomax, Judge John T., [41].
• Longfellow, H. W., [216].
• Lopez, Colonel Miguel, [214].
• Lowell Institute, [103].
• Lynch, William Francis, [81], [82].
• Macdonough, Thomas, [7].
• Macedonian, [13], [29].
• Magruder, General John B., [197].
• Mallory, Stephen R., [113–115], [146], [150], [160–162], [166], [174], [179], [215].
• Manassas, Battle of, [161].
• Manila, [18].
• Manning, George, [68].
• “Mare Nostrum”, [248].
• Margolle, M., [232].
• Markham, Clements, [200].
• Marquesas Islands, [14].
• Maupin (Mauphin?), Dr. Socrates, [153].
• Maury, U. S. S. Destroyer, [247].
• “Maury Testimonial”, [208], [209].
• Maury, Abram, [2], [7].
• Maury, Betty (Mrs. W. A. Maury), [139], [141], [146].
• Maury, General Dabney H., [67], [90], [183].
• Maury, Diana Fontaine (See “Corbin, Mrs. Diana Fontaine”).
• Maury, Eliza, [141], [203].
• Maury, Ellen, [59].
• Maury, John Herndon, [132], [141], [183], [184].
• Maury, John Minor, [7], [16], [26].
• Maury, Lucy, [141], [185], [203], [215].
• Maury, Mary (Mrs. James R. Werth), [126], [141], [203], [215], [247], [251].
• Maury, Mrs. Matthew Fontaine, [9], [22], [26], [123], [126], [140], [142], [146], [163], [185], [191], [195], [196], [198], [200], [202], [203], [215], [237], [239], [243].
• Maury, Matthew Fontaine, his birth, [2];
• elementary education, [4–6];
• entrance to the Navy, [7–9];
• his first three cruises, [10–24];
• his “A New Theoretical and Practical Treatise on Navigation”, [27–28];
• promoted Lieutenant, [29];
• South Sea Exploring Expedition, [29–30];
• surveying Southern harbors, [31];
• injury to his leg, [32];
• “Scraps from the Lucky Bag”, [33–40], [43], [155];
• journalistic work, [41–43];
• astronomical work, [44–50];
• “Wind and Current Charts”, [51–63], [83], [144], [249];
• honors, [63–65], [112], [162], [163];
• “Physical Geography of the Sea”, [66–75], [84], [102], [124], [243], [249], [250];
• Atlantic Telegraph Cable, [75–80], [211–213];
• interest in Arctic and Antarctic exploration, [81–83];
• ocean lanes for steamers, [83];
• land meteorology, [85–89], [229–237];
• transportation routes, [90–93];
• lectures and addresses, [93–106];
• “Retiring Board”, [107–117], [146];
• promoted Commander, [117];
• “Inca Papers” on the Amazon, [119–120];
• mediation between North and South, [120–125];
• his resignation from the U. S. Navy, [126], [127], [143];
• his character, [129], [130], [250], [251];
• ideas about education, [131–134], [140], [141];
• Maury and his family, [134–142];
• his appearance, [135];
• assistance in the defense of Virginia, [145–147];
• a Commander in the Virginia State Navy and also a Commander in the Navy of the Confederacy, [145];
• as Chief of Bureau of Coast, Harbor, and River Defense invents torpedoes (or mines), [148–155];
• “Ben Bow” articles in the Richmond Enquirer, [155–158], [162];
• construction of gunboats, [158–160];
• invited to Russia, [162–165];
• invited to France, [166], [204], [205];
• ordered to England, [166–170];
• fitting out Georgia and Rappahannock, [171–174];
• as a propagandist for the Confederacy, [174–176];
• international political intrigues, [176–177];
• experiments with electric mines, [178–183];
• leaves England, [183–188];
• goes to Mexico, [189–192];
• Mexican colonization scheme, [189], [193–201], [202], [203], [213];
• in England again, [202];
• his “Torpedo School”, [204–208];
• “Maury Testimonial”, [208–209];
• his Geography Series, [210–211], [222–225], [237];
• enters the Church, [215];
• Cambridge University confers on him the LL.D., [215–217];
• his return to the United States, [218–220];
• “Physical Survey of Virginia”, [219], [221], [222], [227], [233];
• Maury at Virginia Military Institute, [220–239];
• last illness and death, [237–239];
• his burial in Hollywood Cemetery, [240–241];
• estimates of his work, [242–244], [248–251];
• monuments and other memorials, [149], [244–248].
• Maury, Matthew Fontaine, Junior (“Brave”), [141], [167–169], [171], [185], [186], [203], [215], [222], [236], [241].
• Maury, Mytton, [222].
• Maury, Reuben, [8].
• Maury, Richard (father of Matthew Fontaine Maury), [2].
• Maury, Richard (brother to Matthew Fontaine Maury), [8].
• Maury, Richard Launcelot, [132], [141], [147], [167], [187], [196], [198], [201], [210], [239].
• Maury, Robert H., [149].
• Maury, Rutson, [147], [215], [224], [231].
• Maury, Thompson B., [236].
• Maury, William L., [108], [153], [171], [172].
• Maximilian, Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria, and Emperor of Mexico, [128], [177], [189–191], [193], [195–204], [212], [213], [215].
• McCauley, Charles S., [108].
• McClure, Commander (Royal Navy), [82].
• McGuire, Parson E. C., [26].
• McKay, Donald, [128].
• McRay, Archibald, [81].
• Mejía, General Tomás, [214].
• Merrimac (C. S. S. Virginia), [159].
• Minnesota, [148], [151], [158].
• Minor, Diana, [2].
• Minor, Dudas, [2].
• Minor, John, [146].
• Minor, Robert D., [151].
• Miramón, General Miguel, [214].
• Missroon, John S., [108], [115].
• Mobile Bay, Battle of, [178].
• Moffitt, Mrs. E. E., [245].
• Mohican, [169], [170].
• Monroe, President James, [241].
• Montague, R. L., [145].
• Monuments and memorials, [149], [244–248], [250].
• Mordecai, Major Alfred, [197].
• Moretti, Giuseppe, [246].
• Morgan, James Morris, [168], [170].
• Morris, Captain Charles, [10], [18].
• Morris, Dr., [151], [153].
• Morse, Professor S. F. B., [80], [128].
• Müller, Max, [216].
• Murray, John, [249].
• Myer, General Albert James, [229], [235–237].
• Nabuco, Joaquim, [120].
• Napoleon I, [18].
• Napoleon III, [65], [166], [174], [175], [177], [204], [214], [215].
• Nashville, Tennessee, [3], [105], [123], [246].
• Navigation, Maury’s “A New Theoretical and Practical Treatise on Navigation”, [27], [28].
• Newton, Isaac, [131].
• Niagara, [79], [172].
• Norfolk, Virginia, [7], [13], [29], [31], [41], [91], [93], [148], [151], [159], [161], [221], [234], [235], [246].
• Nukahiva, [14–16].
• Ocean Lanes for steamers, [83].
• Orr, Colonel James L., [165].
• Otey, Bishop James, [4], [96], [128].
• Packer, Governor William F., [121].
• Page, Richard L., [81], [108].
• Page, Thomas Nelson, [243], [244].
• Pakington, Sir John, [209].
• Pasteur, Louis, [165].
• Paulding, Secretary of Navy, James K., [33].
• Peacock, [30].
• Pendergrast, G. J., [108].
• Pendleton, William (D.D.), [239].
• Perkins, Judge John, [198].
• Perry, Matthew Calbraith, [30], [81], [108], [109], [111], [128].
• “Physical Geography of the Sea”, [66–75], [84], [102], [124], [243], [249], [250].
• “Physical Survey of Virginia”, [219], [221], [222], [227], [233].
• Pioneer, [229].
• Plato, [131].
• Platt, Captain Charles T., [67].
• Plutarch, [131].
• Poe, Edgar Allan, [28].
• Poinsett, Secretary of War, Joel R., [30].
• Polk, Bishop Leonidas, [128], [151].
• Pollard, Edward Albert, [160].
• Poma, Manuela, [24], [25].
• Pope Pius IX, [59], [65], [214].
• Porter, David, [7], [16].
• Potomac, [25], [26].
• Preston, Margaret J., [240].
• Price, Governor Stirling, [198].
• Priestly, Joseph, [205].
• Pynes, the Reverend Doctor, [140].
• Quetelet, Jacques Adolphe Lambert, [57], [58], [232].
• Quintard, Bishop Charles Todd, [215].
• Rains, General Gabriel J., [155].
• Rappahannock, [172], [173].
• Raven, [60].
• “Retiring Board”, [107–117].
• Reynolds, Governor Thomas C., [197].
• Richardson and Company, [210], [224], [225].
• Richmond, Virginia, [40], [93], [143], [145], [147–151], [155], [159], [161], [162], [166], [178], [183], [187], [220], [221], [227], [240], [241], [245], [246], [250].
• Richmond Medical College, [149].
• Ringgold, Cadwalader, [81].
• Roanoke, [148].
• “Robinson Crusoe”, [249].
• Rodgers, John, [12].
• Rodgers, John, Junior, [81].
• Rollins, R., [153].
• Sampson Low, Son and Company, [68].
• Sandwich Islands, [17].
• San Francisco, [62].
• San Jacinto, [170].
• Savannah, [151].
• Scharf’s “History of the Confederate States Navy”, [155].
• Scott, Sir Walter, [132].
• Scott, General Winfield, [110].
• “Scraps from the Lucky Bag”, [33–40], [43], [155].
• Sea Witch, [60].
• Secchi, Father Angelo, [232].
• Semmes, Raphael, [226].
• Seneca, [131].
• Shakespeare, William, [132].
• Shelby, General Joseph O., [197], [198].
• Sheridan, General Philip H., [199].
• Shubrick, Captain William B., [30], [108].
• Sievers, F. William, [245], [251], [252].
• Silliman, Professor Benjamin, [128].
• Simmons, George Finlay, [248].
• Simonds, Frederic William, [224].
• Sims, William Gilmore, [128].
• Slaughter, General James H., [197].
• Slidell, John, [177].
• Smith, Superintendent Francis H., [145], [220], [241].
• Smith, Professor Francis H., [250].
• Smith, General Kirby, [197].
• Socrates, [126].
• South Sea Exploring Expedition, [29–30].
• Soulé, Pierre, [197].
• Star of the West, [125].
• Stephens, Alexander H., [124].
• Stevenson, Sara Y., [197].
• Stewart, Chaplain C. S., [15], [17], [18].
• St. John’s College, [225].
• Stockton, Commodore Robert F., [124].
• Stoeckle, Baron, [164].
• Strain, Isaac G., [81].
• Street, Julian, [248].
• Stribling, C. K., [108].
• Tahiti, [17].
• Talbot and Son’s Iron Works, [149].
• Taney, [67].
• Teaser, [153], [154].
• Terrell, General James B., [197], [199].
• Thomson, C. Wyville, [74], [75].
• Thomson, William (Lord Kelvin), [80].
• Three Bells, [62].
• Toucey, Secretary of Navy, J., [117].
• Toynbee, Captain Henry, [229].
• Trade Wind, [61].
• Tredegar Iron Works, [149].
• Tremlett, the Reverend Doctor F. W., [176], [185], [189], [208], [209], [216], [231], [233], [237].
• “Trent Affair”, [170].
• Tyler, President John, [40], [128], [241].
• Tyndall, Professor John, [209].
• Typhoon, [60].
• U. S. Naval Academy, [38], [132], [247].
• University of Alabama, [225–227].
• University of North Carolina, [64].
• University of the South, [95], [123], [215], [218].
• University of Virginia, [94], [132], [153], [218], [246], [250].
• University Publishing Company, [222].
• Upshur, Secretary of Navy, A. P., [44], [52].
• Valentine, Edward V., [135], [247].
• Valparaiso, [7], [14], [19], [23], [25], [104].
• Victor, [172].
• Vincennes, [14], [15], [17], [18], [30].
• Virginia, C. S. S., [159].
• Virginia Military Institute, [132], [159], [218], [220–222], [227], [228], [239], [241], [246].
• Walker, General John G., [197].
• Walker, Sears Cook, [48].
• Walsh, Lieutenant J. C., [67].
• Washington, George, [12], [44].
• Washington and Lee University, [222], [239].
• Welles, Secretary of Navy, Gideon, [143].
• West Point, [37], [38], [131].
• W. H. D. C. Wright, [54].
• Wheatstone, Sir Charles, [206].
• White, Editor Thomas W., [41].
• Whiting, William B., [23], [25], [143].
• Whitthorne, W. C., [105].
• Wilcox, General C. M., [197].
• Wild Pigeon, [61].
• Wilkes, Charles, [30], [31], [33], [44], [81], [169].
• Willis, Nathaniel Parker, [128], [129].
• “Wind and Current Charts”, [51–63], [83], [144], [249].
• Wordsworth, William, [132].
• Wright, William, [216].
• Wrottesley, Lord John, [59], [68], [128].
• Wurttemberg, King of, [205], [208].
• Yancey, Robert L., [123].
• Yorktown, Battle of, [11].
• Zurcher, M., [232].

FOOTNOTES:

[1] “Scraps from a Lucky Bag” in Southern Literary Messenger, May, 1840.

[2] Ibid., December, 1840.

[3] From “The National Observatory” read by Maury before the Virginia Historical Society. It was copied from The Historical Register in the Southern Literary Messenger of May, 1849.

[4] From “Introduction”, p. xiii, to Maury’s Physical Geography of the Sea, 1855.

[5] “Physical Geography of the Sea”, 1855, p. 263.

[6] “Sailing Directions”, sixth edition (1854), pp. 725–730.

[7] “Founders of Oceanography”, p. 175.

[8] From “Chapter 1, The Air” by Hugh Robert Mill and D. Wilson Barker in Science of the Sea, edited by G. Herbert Fowler for the Challenger Society, 1912, p. 3.

[9] There is a tradition that Field said in this speech: “I am a man of few words: Maury furnished the brains, England gave the money, and I did the work.” But diligent search has failed to discover any authority for the statement.

[10] Um Estadista do Imperio (Paris, 1897), III, 12.

[11] In the Home Journal of New York, September, 1859.

[12] The Life of Maury by Diana Fontaine Maury Corbin, pp. 147, 148.

[13] Ibid., pp. 149–154. Maury’s children were Betty, Diana Fontaine, Richard Launcelot, John Herndon, Mary, Eliza, Matthew Fontaine, Jr., and Lucy.

[14] Maury had some connection with the reconstruction of this vessel. In a lecture on “Man’s Power-giving Knowledge”, delivered by him to Virginia Military Institute students on January 23, 1871, he said, “After the burning of the Norfolk Navy Yard in 1861, the Governor’s Council advised that the Merrimac should be raised and converted into an ironclad. Quick to perceive and prompt to act, as in the emergencies of the war he ever was, his Excellency caused it to be done”. This is corroborated by the following entry in the minutes of the Council for May 11, 1861, for a meeting at which Maury was present: “Governor submitted for approval a proposal of B. and I. Baker of Norfolk to raise the wreck of the steamer Merrimac and deliver her in the Dry Dock at Gosport Navy Yard for $5000.... Advised unanimously that the proposed be accepted”.

[15] “The Lost Cause” by Edward A. Pollard, p. 192.

[16] “Recollections of a Rebel Reefer”, p. 100.

[17] “History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850” by James Ford Rhodes, IV, 339.

[18] “The Secret Service of the Confederate States in Europe”, James D. Bulloch, II, 62–63.

[19] Of this son Maury wrote in the family Bible: “Our noble son, John Herndon, went out from Vicksburg, Miss., alive, on the 27th day of January, 1863, to reconnoiter the enemy. A few hours afterwards his horse was seen without a rider, but nothing was ever heard of him. From the footprints and other signs and marks on the levee, it is supposed that he was surprised by a scouting-party of the enemy in ambush within our lines and done to death. Comely in person, lovely in disposition, generous and brave, he loved right and hated wrong. Precious in the eyes of his parents, he was very dear to our hearts”.

[20] “The Secret Service of the Confederate States in Europe” by James D. Bulloch, II, 415.

[21] “Maximilian in Mexico” by Sara Y. Stevenson, p. 174.

[22] In 1888 Norway, through Rear Admiral Neils Ihlen, Royal Norwegian Navy, sent to Maury’s children the sum of $2180.74 which had been intended to be applied to the Testimonial Fund.

[23] The last letter that Maury received from the unfortunate Empress enclosed photographs of herself and Maximilian. After becoming insane, she was taken to the Château de Bouchout in Brabant, Belgium, where she continued to write pathetic love letters to her “dearest Maximilian”, whom she did not realize to have been dead. Death came to her at the age of eighty-six, on January 19, 1927. During the World War, a heavy guard was placed around her villa by order of the Kaiser and this placard set up: “This villa is the property of Her Majesty the Empress of Mexico, sister of His Majesty Francis Joseph, Kaiser of Austria. Disturbances in the neighborhood will be punished with the utmost severity”.

[24] It has often been stated that the poet Tennyson received the LL.D. from Cambridge at this same time. This is incorrect. A letter of May 12, 1926, from the Registrary of Cambridge University states that on May 28, 1868, the “Degree of LL.D. honoris causa was conferred upon: Frederick Max Müller, Professor of Comparative Philology, Oxford; William Wright, Assistant in the Department of MSS., British Museum; and Matthew Fontaine Maury of Virginia”.

[25] In 1912 it was revised as “Maury’s New Complete Geography” and copyrighted by the American Book Company, and is still on the market.

[26] This was the name given to Washington College in 1871 after the death of General Lee on October 12, 1870.

[27] The opening stanzas of “Through the Pass” by Margaret J. Preston.

[28] Mrs. Maury survived her husband until the year 1901.

[29] Great praise is due Mrs. E. E. Moffitt for founding this Maury Association, and successfully raising the money necessary to build the monument to Maury in Richmond.

[30] Of the numerous portraits of Maury, those deserving special mention are in Richmond. There is one by N. H. Busey in the Westmoreland Club of that city, another by John A. Elder in the Virginia State Library, and a third of some merit in Battle Abbey, Richmond. In the State Library is also a cast of the fine bust of Maury made by Edward V. Valentine of Richmond in 1869, which is considered by Mrs. Werth to be a very excellent likeness of her father. There is a statue of Maury over the main entrance to the Meteorological Station of the German Admiralty in Hamburg, Germany. Recently, the M. F. Maury Chapter of the Children of the American Revolution has been organized at Franklin, Tennessee by Miss Susie Gentry.

[31] In “American Adventures” (1917), pp. 140–145.

[32] From “Library of Southern Literature”, VIII, 3440.

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