Index.
Abdalmelik, the Caliph, wars of, with Justinian II., [174-6]
Abubekr, the Caliph, wars of, with Heraclius, [160]
Achaia, Frank principality of, [296]
Acroinon, battle of, [188]
Adana, taken by Nicephorus Phocas, [230]
Adrianople, battle of, [40];
besieged by the Goths, [41];
captured by the Turks, [329]
Africa, conquered by Belisarius, [84-5];
overrun by the Saracens, [176]
Aijnadin, battle of, [162]
Alaric the Goth, [47];
wars with Stilicho, [48];
departs to Italy, [49]
Alaeddin, Sultan of the Seljouks, [322]
Alboin the Lombard invades and conquers Italy, [116]
Aleppo, Emirate of, [227];
attacked by Nicephorus Phocas, [231];
tributary to the empire, [270]
Alexander, emperor-regent, [217]
Alexandria, stormed by the Arabs, [166]
Alexius I. (Comnenus), usurpation of, [257];
wars with the Normans, [259];
conquests of in Asia Minor, [205];
commercial policy of, [268]
Alexius II. (Comnenus), short reign and murder of, [272]
Alexius III. (Angelus), usurpation of, [278];
attacked by the Crusaders, [282];
flies, [284]
Alexius IV. (Angelus), takes refuge in Germany, [279];
persuades the Crusaders, [280];
made emperor, [284];
murdered, [285]
Alexius V. (Ducas), murders Alexius IV., [285];
defends Constantinople, [287];
slain, [293]
Alexius Comnenus, emperor of Trebizond, [298]
Alp Arslan, Sultan of the Seljouk Turks, attacks the empire, [252];
defeats Romanus IV., [254]
Amalasuntha, Gothic queen, murdered, [82]
Amalphi, commerce of, [225]
Amorium, stormed by the Saracens, [210]
Amour, Turkish Emir, [327]
Amrou conquers Egypt, [166]
Anastasius I., reign of, [61]
Anastasius II., usurpation of, [181]
Anatolic theme, [167]
Andreas murders Constans II., [169]
Andronicus I. (Comnenus), crimes and fall of, [272-3]
Andronicus II. (Paleologus), reign of, [315-20]
Andronicus III. (Paleologus), reign of, [321-2]
Angelus, house of, see [Isaac II.] [Alexius III.] and Theodore of Epirus
Angora, battle of, [334]
Ani, taken by the Turks, [251]
Anthemius, prime minister of Theodosius II., [54-5]
Anthemius, architect of St. Sophia, [107]
Anne of Savoy, empress-regent, [326]
Antioch, taken by the Persians, [99];
taken a second time, [129];
stormed by the Saracens, [163];
retaken by Nicephorus Phocas, [231];
lost to the Turks, [256];
besieged by the Crusaders, [265];
tributary to the Comneni, [270]
Antioch-on-Maeander, battle of, [299].
Antonia, wife of Belisarius, [74]
Apsimarus, Tiberius, emperor, [177];
executed, [179]
Arabs, see [Saracens]
Arcadius, reign of, [47-54];
his dealings with the Goths, [48];
quarrels with Chrysostom, [52]
Armenia, conquered by the Byzantines, [243];
overrun by the Turks, [251]
Army, reformed by Leo and Zeno, [61];
description of, in tenth century, [218]
Artemius Anastasius, reign of, [61]
Art, decay and revival of, [222-4]
Aspar, executed by Leo I., [60]
Athalaric, Gothic king, [81]
Athanarich, Gothic king, [42];
visits Constantinople, [44]
Athens, early Byzantines at war with, [6];
schools of, closed by Justinian, [150];
Frank duchy of, [297];
conquered by the “Grand Company,” [319]
Attila, king of the Huns, wars of with the empire, [57]
Augustaeum, description of the, [19]
Avars, invasions of, the [122];
war of, with Heraclius, [134];
besiege Constantinople, [137]
Baanes, rebel in Syria, [163]
Baduila, Gothic king, victories of, [92];
takes Rome, [94];
slain in battle, [95]
Baldwin I., emperor, his character,[281];
crowned, [292];
slain by the Bulgarians, [295]
Baldwin II., reign of, [301];
his travels, [305];
expelled from Constantinople, [306]
Bardas Caesar, [212];
murdered by Michael III., [213]
Bari, taken by the Normans, [259]
Basil I., made Caesar, [213];
assassinates Michael III., [213];
laws of, [214]
Basil II., ascends the throne, [229];
assumes the full power, [240];
his Bulgarian victories, [241-3];
campaigns in Asia, [243];
dies, [244]
Bayezid, Turkish Sultan, [334]
Belisarius, Persian victories of, [73];
quells the Nika riots, [79];
conquers Africa, [84];
takes Palermo, [88];
takes Rome, [89];
takes Ravenna, [91];
recalled, [92];
acts against Persia, [100];
defeats the Huns, [104];
disgraced, [105]
Beneventum, Lombard duchy of, [117];
wars of with Constans II., [169]
Black Sea, Greek trade with, [2]
“Blues and Greens,” Circus factions, [22], [75];
great riot of, against Justinian, [76-7];
armed by Maurice, [127]
Bohemund the Norman, wars of with Alexius I., [267]
Boniface of Montserrat, [281-2];
made king of Thessalonica, [292];
slain in battle, [296]
Bosphorus, the, [1-2]
Bostra, stormed by the Saracens, [162]
Branas, Alexius, rebellion of, [277]
Brienne, house of, at Athens, [308];
expelled by the “Grand Company,” [319]
Broussa, see [Prusa]
Bucellarian Theme, [167-8]
Buhawides, Persian dynasty, [226-7]
Bulgarians, invade and settle in [pg 355] Moesia, [171];
defeated by Justinian II., [173];
aid Justinian, [179];
defeat the Saracens, [187];
at war with Constantine V., [196];
defeat Constantine VI., [198];
slay Nicephorus I., [203];
besiege Constantinople, [204];
routed by Leo V., [205];
defeat Leo VI, [216];
conquered by the Russians, [235];
conquered by Basil II., [241-3];
revolt against Isaac II., [276-7];
slay Baldwin I., [295];
conquests of, [308];
subdued by the Turks, [330]
Burtzes storms Antioch, [231]
Byzantium, founded, [1];
early history of, [2-8];
under the Romans, [9-12];
chosen as Constantine's capital, [17];
see afterwards under [Constantinople]
Candia taken by Nicephorus Phocas, [228]
Cantacuzenus, John, usurpation of, [325-8]
Caracalla, grants privileges to Byzantium, [10]
Carthage, taken by Belisarius, [85];
taken by the Saracens, [176]
Cassiodorus, his work in literary copying, [149]
Chalcedon, founded. [3];
taken by the Persians, [134]
Champlitte, William of, founds principality of Achaia, [296]
Charles the Great crowned emperor, [109]
Cherson. Justinian II. at, [177];
sacked, [180]
Chosroës I., king of Persia, wars of, with Justinian, [72-4], [90-100]
Chosroës II.. wars with Phocas and Heraclius, [120-135];
death of, [138]
Chosroantiocheia, foundation of, [72]
Christianity, influence of, on the empire and society, [145-149]
Chrysostom, see under [John Chrysostom]
Cilicia, conquered by Nicephorus Phocas, [230];
lost to the Turks, [236];
reconquered by the Comneni, [270]
Column, of the Hippodrome, [25];
of Constantine, [25]
Commerce, centralization of, at Constantinople, [224], [225];
decline of, under the Comneni, [267];
effects of Fourth Crusade on, [310]
Comnena, Anna, writes her father's life, [264]
Comnenus, see under [Alexius], [John], [Andronicus], [Manuel], [David], [Isaac]
Conrad of Montserrat defeats Branas, [277]
Constans II., reign of, [166];
wars of with the Saracens, [167];
murdered, [169]
Constantine I., besieges Byzantium, [12];
master of the world, [14];
seeks a capital, [16];
founds Constantinople, [18]
Constantine III., defeated by the Saracens, [164];
short reign of, [165]
Constantine IV. (Pogonatus), wars of with the Saracens, [170];
defeats Moawiah, [171];
holds the Council of Constantinople, [172]
Constantine V. (Copronymus), wars of, [196];
persecutes the Image-worshippers, [197]
Constantine VI., reign of, [198];
blinded by his mother, [198]
Constantine VII. (Porphyrogenitus), reign of, [216], [217];
literary works of, [220], [221]
Constantine VIII., reign of, [245]
Constantine IX. (Monomachus), reign of, [247]
Constantine X. (Ducas), reign of, [250], [251]
Constantine XI. (Paleologus), accession of, [343];
attacked by the Turks, [344];
last hours of, [347];
death of, [348]
Constantinople founded by Constantine, [pg 356] [18];
topography of, [19-29];
besieged by the Goths, [41];
street fighting in, [51];
besieged by Avars and Persians, [136], [137];
besieged for the first time by the Saracens, [170];
besieged for the second time by the Saracens, [185], [186];
besieged by Bulgarians, [205];
commercial importance of, [224];
riots in, [247];
the Crusaders at, [264];
taken by the Franks and Venetians, [284];
stormed and sacked a second time, [287], [288];
devastation of, by the Latins, [291];
besieged by John Ducas, [301];
recovered by the Greeks, [305];
taken by John Paleologus, [329];
besieged by Murad II., [337];
last siege of, [346];
taken by the Turks, [348]
Corippus, poem of, [144]
Council of Constantinople, under Constantine IV., [172];
under Constantine V., [197];
under Leo V., [206]
Council of Florence, John VI. at, [341]
Courtenay, house of at Constantinople, [300], [301]
Crete, conquered by the Saracens, [208];
recovered by Nicephorus Phocas, [228];
taken by the Venetians, [292]
Cross, the Holy, captured by the Persians, [132];
recovered by Heraclius, [139];
removed to Constantinople, [163]
Crumn, king of Bulgaria, defeats Nicephorus I., [203];
besieges Constantinople, [205]
Crusaders, their dealings with Alexius I., [263], [264];
enter Syria, [265];
of the Fourth Crusade, [279];
conquer Constantinople, [288]
Ctesiphon, Heraclius at, [138]
Cyprus, monks banished to, [197];
recovered by Nicephorus Phocas, [230];
seized by Isaac Comnenus, [277];
taken by Richard I. of England, [278]
Damascus, taken by the Persians, [131];
taken by the Saracens, [163]
Dandolo, Henry, doge of Venice, [280], [281];
at the storm of Constantinople, [284], [288]
Dara taken in the Persian wars, [136]
Dastagerd taken by Heraclius, [138]
David Comnenus defeated by Theodore I., [299]
Delphic tripod, the, [24];
mutilated by Mahomet II., [349]
Delphic oracle, the, orders foundation of Byzantium, [3]
Digenes Akritas, epic of, [222]
Diocletian makes Nicomedia his capital, [15]
Diogenes, Romanus, reign of, [251];
defeated at Manzikert, [254];
slain, [256]
Ducas, see under [Constantine X.], [Michael VII.], [John III.], [Theodore II.]
Durazzo, battle of, [260]
Dushan, Stephen, king of Servia, conquests of, [327]
Ecloga, the, Leo III.'s code of laws, [194]
Eesa, Sultan, [334-5]
Egypt, conquered by the Persians, [134];
conquered by the Saracens, [164];
separated from the Caliphate, [227]
Eikasia, story of, [211]
Emesa, taken by the Saracens, [163];
taken by Nicephorus Phocas, [231]
Epirus, the despotate of, [298], [301], [304], [327]
Ertogrul, the Turk, [322]
Eudocia (Athenaïs), wife of Theodosius II., her disgrace, [56]
Eudocia, wife of Romanus Diogenes, [251]
Eudoxia, Ælia, wife of Arcadius, [52]
Eugenius IV., pope, treaty of, with John VI., [341]
Euphrosyne, wife of Michael the Amorian, [207]
Eutropius, minister of Arcadius, [47];
protected by Chrysostom, [50]
Euphemius, rebel in Sicily, [208]
Exarchate, of Ravenna, [119];
conquered by the Lombards, [196]
Fatimite dynasty in Egypt, [243]
Ferrara, John VI. at Council of, [341]
Flaccilla, benevolence of, [156]
Florence. Council of, [341]
Franks, threaten Italy, [89];
summoned by Witiges, [91];
protect the Papacy, [196]
Fritigern, Gothic ruler, [35-7];
victory of over Valens, [40]
Fravitta defeats Gainas, [31]
Gainas, minister of Arcadius, [47];
rebellion of, [50]; slain, [51]
Gallienus, Byzantium destroyed by, [10]
Gallipoli seized by the Turks, [329]
Ganzaca burnt by Heraclius, [136]
Gelimer, king of the Vandals, [81];
defeated and captured, [85]
Genoa, rise of, [263];
trade of, with the East, [267];
allied to Michael Paleologus, [314];
sends aid to Constantine XI., [344]
George the Alan, [318]
George of Pisidia, poems of, [221]
Giustiniani, John, defends Constantinople, [344-8]
Godfrey of Bouillon, [264]
Goths, early history of, [32];
cross the Danube, [37];
defeat Valens, [39];
besiege Constantinople, [41];
submit to Theodosius, [42];
the Visigoths under Alaric, [48];
quit the East, [49];
the Ostrogoths under Theodoric at war with Zeno, [62];
invade Italy, [64];
kingdom of, attacked by Belisarius, [86];
wars of, with Justinian, [88-94];
defeated and destroyed, [95]
“Grand Company,” the, hired by Andronicus II., [317];
ravage Thrace, [318];
conquer Athens, [319]
Greece, invaded by the Goths, [48];
overrun by the Slavs, [125];
conquered by the Crusaders, [296], [297]
Greek fire, invented, [170];
used by the Byzantine fleet, [220]
Gregory the Great, Pope, [120], [121]
Guiscard, Robert, wars of, with Alexius I., [259-61]
Haroun-al-Raschid, wars of, with Nicephorus I., [203]
Helena, mother of Constantine I., [19]
Hellas, theme of, [168];
revolts against Leo III., [193]
Henry of Flanders, Emperor, [295-6]
Henry VI. of Swabia, Emperor of the West, [278]
Heracleonas, reign and fall of, [165-6]
Heraclius the Elder, rebellion of, [130]
Heraclius I., sails against Constantinople, [130];
slays Phocas, [130];
disasters of the Persian War, [132];
his Crusade, [133];
victorious campaign of, [135-7];
his triumph, [139];
attacked by the Saracens, [160];
defeated, [163];
last years of, [164]
Heraclius Constantinus, son of Heraclius I., short reign of, [165]
Hierapolis taken by Nicephorus Phocas, [231]
Hieromax, battle of the, [162]
Hilderic, Vandal king, deposed, [81]
Hippodrome, the great, [22]
Histiaeus holds Byzantium, [5]
Honorius slays Stilicho, [49]
Hungary, converted to Christianity, [262];
invaded by Manuel I., [271];
attacks the Ottoman Turks, [342]
Huniades, John, [342]
Huns, under Attila, [57];
ravage Syria, [71];
threaten Constantinople, [104];
defeated by Belisarius, [105]
Iconium, Sultanate of, see under [Seljouks]
Iconoclasm, the movement, [188-9];
vigorous under the Isaurian emperors, [192-7];
in the ninth century, [203-10];
ended by Michael III., [212]
Iconodules, [202]
Images, superstitions connected with, [190];
removed by Leo III., [192];
use of, ceases in the East, [212]
Innocent III., sends out Fourth Crusade, [281];
wrath of with the Crusaders, [290]
Irene, the empress, regency of, [107];
deposed, [198];
blinds her son and seizes the throne, [199]
Isaac I. (Comnenus), his short reign, [250]
Isaac II. (Angelus), rebels, [273];
his reign, [276];
deposed by his brother, [278];
restored, [284];
dies, [285]
Isaac Comnenus, of Cyprus, [277-8]
Isaurians, the, enlisted by Leo and Zeno, [61];
dynasty of the, [192-9]
Isperich, king of Bulgaria, [172]
Italy, conquered by Belisarius, [88-91];
partly conquered by the Lombards, [116];
Constans II. in, [169];
central parts of, lost, [196];
southern parts of, conquered by the Normans, [258]
Jacobites, in Egypt and Syria, [161]
Janissaries, the, [324]
Jerusalem, Eudocia at, [57];
taken by Persians, [132];
Heraclius at, [139];
taken by the Saracens, [163];
taken by the Crusaders, [265]
John I. (Zimisces), murders his uncle, [232];
successful wars of, [234-7];
dies, [239]
John II. (Comnenus), reign and conquests of, [268-9]
John III. (Ducas Vatatzes), [300];
conquers Thrace and Macedonia, [301]
John IV. (Ducas), dethroned by Michael Paleologus, [304]
John V. (Paleologus), minority of, [325-8];
expels John Cantacuzenus, [329];
defeated by the Turks, [330];
later years of, [333]
John VI. (Paleologus), reign of, [339];
embraces Catholicism, [341]
John (Angelus), Emperor of Thessalonica, [300]
John, King of Bulgaria, [276];
conquers Baldwin I., [295]
John the Cappadocian, finance minister, [76]
John Chrysostom, patriarch, [52];
exiled, [53]
John Ducas, regent, [255]
John the Faster, patriarch, [120]
John the Grammarian, patriarch, [209], [212]
John Huniades, general, [342]
John Lydus, author, [143]
Julian, reign of, [32]
Justin I., reign of, [65]
Justin II., reign and wars of, [117]
Justinian I., character of, [65];
marries Theodora, [66];
first Persian war of, [71-4];
Italian and African wars of, [83-93];
recalls Belisarius, [91];
his buildings, [106-9];
his legal work, [112]
Justinian II., misfortunes of, [172];
banished, [175];
reconquers his throne, [179];
slain, [180]
Kadesia, battle of, [164]
Kaikhosru, Sultan, slain in battle, [299]
Karasi, Emirs of, [319]
Karl the Great, crowned emperor, [201]
Kathisma, the, [24]
Khaled, victories of, [162]
Khazars, allied to Heraclius, [137];
shelter Justinian II., [178]
Kief, Russian capital, [234]
Kobad, wars of, with Justinian, [71]
Ladislas, king of Bulgaria, [243]
Ladislas, king of Poland and Hungary, [342]
Larissa, battle of, [261]
Lascaris, see under [Theodore I.]
Latin language, used in the Balkan Peninsula, [124];
decay of the, [144]
Law, Roman, codified by Justinian, [112];
changes of Leo III., [194];
of Basil I., [214]
Lazarus the painter, [224]
Lecky, Mr., views of, discussed, [153]
Lazica, wars of Justinian and Chosroës about, [100]
Leo I., reign of, [60]
Leo III., the Isaurian, seizes the crown, [182];
defends Constantinople, [184];
religious reforms of, [192];
political reforms of, [194]
Leo IV., short reign of, [197]
Leo V. (the Armenian) seizes the throne, [204];
defeats the Bulgarians, [205];
murdered, [206]
Leo VI. (the Wise), reign of, [216];
literary works of, [218]
Leo the Deacon, [237]
Leontius, usurpation and fall of, [175-7];
slain, [179]
Liberius conquers South Spain, [96-7]
Licinius, wars of with Maximinus Daza, [11];
dethroned by Constantine I., [12]
Literature, [221-2]
Lombards, the, leave Pannonia, [115];
conquer North Italy, [117];
defeated by Constans II., [169];
subdue the Exarchate, [196]
Louis IX., of France, gives money to Baldwin II., [305]
Lupicinus, governor of Moesia, [37]
Lydus, John, author, [143]
Macedonia, overrun by Slavs, [125];
in hands of Boniface of Montferrat, [292];
conquered by Stephen Dushan, [327]
Maeander, battle of the, [299]
Mahomet, the prophet, rise of, [159]
Mahomet I., Sultan, reunites the Ottoman Empire, [336]
Mahomet II. conquers Constantinople, [343-50]
Maniakes, wars of, [246]
Manuel I. (Comnenus), reign and wars of, [271-2]
Manuel II. (Paleologus), reign and misfortunes of, [336-9]
Manzikert, battle of, [254]
Marcianus, reign of, [59]
Martina, niece and wife of Heraclius, [165];
exiled, [166]
Martyropolis, [121]
Maurice, reign of, [120];
Persian wars, [121];
fall and death of, [127]
Maximinus Daza takes Byzantium, [11]
Melek-Adel, Sultan of Egypt, [279]
Mesembria, taken by Bulgarians, [204];
battle of, [205]
Mesopotamia, conquered by Heraclius, [136];
invaded by John Zimisces, [239]
Michael I. (Rhangabe), short reign of, [204]
Michael II. (the Amorian), conspiracy of, [206];
ecclesiastical policy of, [207];
wars of, [208]
Michael III. (the Drunkard), minority of, [212];
excesses and murder of, [213]
Michael IV. (the Paphlagonian), reign and wars of, [246]
Michael V., ephemeral power of, [247]
Michael VI. (Stratioticus), short reign of, [248-9]
Michael VII. (Ducas), minority of, [251];
disastrous reign of, [256]
Michael VIII. (Paleologus), usurpation of, [303-4];
overthrows the Latin Empire, [305];
disbands the Asiatic militia, [313];
Michael IX., son and colleague of Andronicus II., defeated by the “Grand Company,” [318]
Michael Angelus, despot of Epirus, [300]
Moawiah, Caliph, attacks Constantinople, [170];
his armies defeated, [171]
Moesia, invaded by the Goths, [37];
seized by the Bulgarians, [171]
Monks, characteristics of the early, [149];
favour image worship, [193];
persecuted by Constantine Copronymus, [197]
Monophysites, [75]
Moors, Gelimer flies to the, [85]
Montferrat, see under [Boniface] and [Conrad]
Morals, effect of Christianity on, [145-7];
general character of Byzantine, [155-6]
Moslemah besieges Constantinople, [185-7]
Motassem, the Caliph, sacks Amorium, [210]
Murad I., conquers Thrace, [329];
suzerain of John V., [330];
conquers the Serbs, [332]
Murad II., besieges Constantinople, [337];
makes peace with Manuel II., [338];
wars of, [342]
Murtzuphlus, see [Alexius V. (Ducas)]
Myriokephalon, battle of, [272]
Naissus, birthplace of Constantine I., [16];
taken by the Bulgarians, [277]
Naples, taken by Belisarius, [88];
interference of the Pope with, [120]
Narses, the eunuch, conquers Italy from the Goths, [95]
Narses, General, burnt alive by Phocas, [129]
Navy, the Byzantine, [219-20]
Nicaea, taken by the Crusaders, [264];
by the Ottomans, [323]
Nicephorus I. dethrones Irene, [199];
disastrous wars of, [203]
Nicephorus II., Phocas, takes Candia, [228];
emperor, [229];
wars of, [231];
murdered by Zimisces, [232]
Nicholas V., pope, sends aid to Constantine XI., [344]
Nicomedia, taken by the Ottomans, [323]
Nineveh, battle of, [138]
Normans, conquer Byzantine Italy, [247];
invade the empire, [259];
second invasion of repelled, [267];
third invasion of, [273]
Notaras, John, [342]
Nuceria, Goths beaten at, [95]
Obeydah, Saracen general, [162]
Obsequian theme, the, [168]
Odoacer, conquered by Theodoric, [63], [64]
Omar, the Caliph, visits Jerusalem, [163]
Omeyades, dynasty of the, [170]
Orkhan, Emir of the Ottomans, reign and successes of, [323-4];
Pretender to the Sultanate, [343]
Orosius, history of, [150]
Ostrogoths, under Theodoric in Moesia, [62];
conquer Italy, [64];
weakness of the kingdom of, [82];
attacked by Justinian, [88];
wars of with Belisarius and Narses, [89-94];
crushed, [95]
Othman, Emir of the Turks, conquests of, [321-23]
Palace, imperial, at Constantinople, [19]
Paleologus, house of, see under [Michael VI.], Andronicus [II.] and [III.], John [V.] and [VI.], [Constantine XI.]
Palermo, taken by Belisarius, [88]
Palestine, conquered by the Persians, [132];
overrun by the Arabs, [163];
subdued by the Crusaders, [265]
Pandects, compiled by Justinian, [112]
Patriarchal palace of Constantinople, [21]
Patriarchs, see under [John], [Sergius], &c.
Paulicians, sect of the persecuted by Basil I, [214]
Paulinus, put to death by Theodosius II., [57]
Patzinak Tartars, the, [237];
wars of with Alexius I., [262]
Pavia, taken by the Lombards, [116]
Persian Empire destroyed by the Arabs, [164]
Persian Wars under Julian, [32];
under Maurice, [121];
under Phocas and Heraclius, [130-36]
Peter, general under Nicephorus Phocas, [231]
Philip of Macedon, attacks Byzantium, [7]
Philip of Swabia, helps Alexius Angelus the younger, [279-8]
Philippicus, usurpation and fall of, [180-1]
Phocas, emperor, his usurpation, [127];
cruelty of, [129];
slain, [130]
Phocas, Bardas, rebels against John Zimisces, [233];
against Basil II., [241]
Phocas, Nicephorus, reign of, [228-30];
wars of, [231];
murdered, [233]
Photius, patriarch, his learning, [221]
Plague, the great of a.d. 542, [101]
Popes, rise of the power of, [120];
estranged from the empire, [196];
call in the Franks, [199]
Priscus, general of Maurice, [126]
Prusa, taken by the Turks, [323];
sacked by the Mongols, [334]
Pulcheria, Empress, with her brother Theodosius II., [55];
marries Marcianus, [59]
Pelekanon, battle of, [323]
Polyeuktus, patriarch, [230]
Ravenna, taken by Belisarius, [91];
exarchate of, [119];
occupied by the Lombards, [196]
Rhangabe, Michael, short reign of, [204]
Rhazates, general, slain by Heraclius, [137]
Richard Coeur de Leon, conquers Cyprus, [278]
Robert Guiscard, wars of with Alexius I., [259-60];
final repulse of, [261]
Roger de Flor, hired by Andronicus II., [317];
conquests of, [318];
assassinated, [318]
Romanus I. (Lecapenus), long regency of, [217]
Romanus II, short reign of, [228-9]
Romanus III. (Argyrus), married to Zoe, [245];
dies, [246]
Romanus IV. (Diogenes), reign of, [251];
defeated by Turks, [254];
dies, [256]
Rome, taken by Belisarius, [89];
besieged by the Goths, [90];
taken by Baduila, [94];
Gregory the Great at, [120];
Constans II. at, [169];
Charles the Great at, [199]
Ruric, founds the Russian kingdom, [234]
Russians, early invasions of, [216];
attack Bulgaria, [234];
defeated by John Zimisces, [237];
converted to Christianity, [239]
Sabatius, father of Justinian, [65]
Samuel, king of Bulgaria, [241];
wars and death of, [242]
Saoudji, rebels against Murad I., [333]
Sapor, king of Persia, [32]
Saracens, the, converted by Mahomet, [159];
invade Syria, [160-2];
conquer Egypt, [166];
conquer Persia, [164];
civil wars of the, [166];
for later history, see under names of the Caliphs
Sardis, taken by Alexius I., [265]
Scholarian Guards, the, [104]
Seljouk Turks, conquer Persia and Armenia, [250-1];
invade the empire, [252];
conquer Asia Minor, [254];
defeated by the Crusaders, [265];
wars of with the Comneni, [265-7-72];
with Theodore I., [298]
Sergius, patriarch, [133]
Senate House at Constantinople, [21]
Servians, cross the Danube, [123];
conquered by Basil II., [243];
rebel against Michael IV., [246];
conquered by Manuel I., [271];
overrun Macedonia, [327];
subdued by the Turks, [330]
Severus, emperor, takes Byzantium, [9]
Shahrbarz, the Persian, takes Jerusalem, [132];
defeated by Heraclius, [135]
Sicily, conquered by Belisarius, [88];
invaded by Saracens, [208];
finally conquered by Saracens, [214];
invaded by Maniakes, [246] ;
Siroes, deposes his father Chosroës, [138]
Skleros, Bardas, rebel against Basil II., [241]
Slavery, influence of Christianity on, [147-8]
Slavs, invade the Balkan Peninsula, [123];
subject to the Avars, [124-37];
made tributary by Constans II., [169];
besiege Thessalonica, [171]
Sophia. St., first building of, [27];
burnt in 410 a.d., [53];
burnt in the Nika riots, [77];
rebuilding of by Justinian, [107-9];
desecrated by the Turks, [349]
Spain, South of, conquered by Justinian's generals, [96-7]
Stauracius, emperor, short reign of, [204]
Statues at Constantinople, [21], [25];
destruction of by the Crusaders, [291]
Suleiman, Saracen vizier, besieges Constantinople, [185];
dies, [186];
Turkish Sultan, reign of, [334-6]
Stephen Lecapenus, usurpation of, [217]
Stephen Dushan, king of Servia, conquests of, [327]
Stephen, pope, calls in the Franks, [196]
Stilicho, wars of with Alaric, [47-8];
murdered by Honorius, [49]
Swiatoslaf, king of Russia, conquers Bulgaria, [235];
defeated by Zimisces, [237]
Syria, invaded by the Huns, [71];
invaded by Kobad, [73];
conquered by Shahrbarz, [129-30];
invaded and conquered by the Saracens, [162-3];
conquests of Nicephorus Phocas in, [229];
subdued by the Crusaders, [265]
Sophronius, patriarch of Jerusalem, [163]
Tagina, battle of, [95]
Tarsus, taken by Nicephorus Phocas, [230]
Teia, Gothic king, slain in battle, [95]
Telemachus, martyrdom of, [145]
Terbel, king of Bulgaria, aids Justinian II., [178]
Themes, institution of the provincial system of, [167-8]
Theodahat, Gothic king, murders his wife, [82];
war of with Justinian, [87];
slain, [88]
Theodora, wife of Justinian, career of, [66-8];
in the Nika riots, [79];
death of, [103]
Theodora, wife of Theophilus, [211];
regency of, [212]
Theodora, daughter of Constantine VIII., reign of, [248]
Theodora, daughter of Cantacuzenus, married to Orkhan, [328]
Theodore I. (Lascaris), at the siege of Constantinople, [289];
made emperor at Nicaea, [298];
wars of, [299]
Theodore II. (Ducas), short reign of, [303]
Theodore, Studita, [221]
Theodoric, son of Triarius, wars of with Zeno, [62-3]
Theodoric, son of Theodemir, rebels against Zeno, [62];
conquers Italy, [64];
dies, [81]
Theodotus, minister of Justinian II., [174]
Theodosius I., wars of, with the Goths, [42];
dies, [44]
Theodosius II., reign of, [54-6];
war with Attila, [57]
Theodosius III., usurpation of, [181];
abdicates, [183]
Theophano, empress, [229];
murders her husband, [233]
Theophilus, emperor, reign and wars of, [208-11];
his love of art, [224-5]
Theophilus, patriarch of Alexandria, [52]
Thessalonica, besieged by the Slavs, [171];
stormed by the Saracens, [216];
Crusading kingdom of, [292];
retaken by the Greeks, [296];
taken by the Turks, [330];
recovered, [336];
finally lost, [341]
Theuderic, Frankish king, attacks Witiges, [89]
Thomas, rebel in Asia, [208]
Tiberius II., Constantinus, short reign of, [114];
wars of, [117]
Tiberius III., Apsimarus, rebellion of, [177];
deposed and slain, [179]
Tiberius, son of Justinian II., slain, [180]
Togrul Beg, Turkish chief, conquers Bagdad, [251]
Totila, see under Baduila
Trebizond, empire of, founded, [298]
Tribonian, minister of Justinian I., [112]
Tricameron, battle of, [85]
Turks, see under Seljouks, and names of Ottoman Sultans
Tuscany, conquered by the Lombards, [116]
Tyana, sacked by Saracens, [182]
Uldes, king of the Huns, [51]
Urosh, king of Servia, [327]
Uscup, capital of Stephen Dushan, [327]
Valens, reign of, [36];
slain in battle by the Goths, [41]
Vandals, kingdom of the, in Africa, [82];
conquered by Belisarius, [85]
Varangian guards, [239];
at Durazzo, [260];
at siege of Constantinople, [282], [288]
Verona, Baduila at, [92]
Venice, rise of, [225];
commercial treaties of, with Alexius I., [268];
wars with Manuel I., [271];
aids the Fourth Crusade, [279];
engages in war with Alexius III., [282];
share of in plunder of Constantinople, [292];
at war with Michael VIII., [314]
Vigilius, pope, persecuted by Justinian, [103]
Vikings, the, in Russia, [234]
Visigoths, the, invade Moesia, [35];
slay Valens, [41];
under Alaric, [48];
migrate to Italy, [49]
Vitalian, rebellion of, [61]
Welid, caliph, wars of, with the empire, [182]
Witiges, Gothic king, [88];
besieges Rome, [90];
submits to Belisarius, [91]
Yezid, Saracen prince, wars of with the empire, [170]
Zachariah, patriarch of Jerusalem, [132]
Zapetra, taken by Theophilus, [210]
Zara, taken by the Crusaders, [280]
Zeno, emperor, reorganizes the army, [61];
wars of with the Goths, [62];
sends Theodoric to Italy, [64]
Zeuxippus, baths of, [19]
Zimisces, John, murders Nicephoras 1, [233];
Russian war of, [235-7];
Asiatic conquests of, [239]
Zoe, empress, her marriages and reign, [245-7]