| | PAGE |
|---|
| INTRODUCTORY—The Historical Development of Tunnel Building | xiii |
| CHAPTER |
|---|
| I. | Preliminary Considerations; Choice between a Tunnel and an Open Cut; GeologicalSurveys | [1] |
| II. | Methods of Determining the Center Line and Forms and Dimensions of Cross-Section | [9] |
| III. | Excavating Machines and Rock Drills; Explosives and Blasting | [22] |
| IV. | General Methods of Excavation; Shafts; Classification of Tunnels | [36] |
| V. | Methods of Timbering or Strutting Tunnels | [47] |
| VI. | Methods of Hauling in Tunnels | [59] |
| VII. | Types of Centers and Molds Employed in Constructing Tunnel Linings of Masonry | [66] |
| VIII. | Methods of Lining Tunnels | [72] |
| IX. | Tunnels through Hard Rock; General Discussion; Representative Mechanical Installations forTunnel Work | [84] |
| X. | Tunnels through Hard Rock (continued); Excavation byDrifts; The Simplon and Murray Hill Tunnels | [102] |
| XI. | Tunnels through Hard Rock (continued); Excavation byHeadings | [130] |
| XII. | Excavating Tunnels through Soft Ground; General Discussion; The Belgian Method | [143] |
| XIII. | The German Method—Excavating Tunnels through Soft Ground (continued);Baltimore Belt Line Tunnel | [155] |
| XIV. | The Full Section Method of Tunneling; English Method; American Method; AustrianMethod | [166] |
| XV. | Special Treacherous Ground Method; Italian Method; Quicksand Tunneling; Pilot Method | [182] |
| XVI. | Open-Cut Tunneling Methods; Tunnels under City Streets; Boston Subway and New York RapidTransit | [195] |
| XVII. | Submarine Tunneling; General Discussion; The Severn Tunnel | [218] |
| XVIII. | Submarine Tunneling (continued); The Compressed Air Method;The Milwaukee Water-Works Tunnel | [225] |
| XIX. | Submarine Tunneling (continued); The Shield System | [238] |
| XX. | Submarine Tunneling (continued); The Shield and CompressedAir Method; The Hudson River Tunnel of the Pennsylvania Railroad | [263] |
| XXI. | Submarine Tunneling (continued); Tunnels at very ShallowDepth; The Cofferdam Method; The Pneumatic Caisson Method; The Joining Together Sections of Tunnels Built on Land | [281] |
| XXII. | Accidents and Repairs in Tunnels during and after Construction | [301] |
| XXIII. | Relining Timber-Lined Tunnels with Masonry | [315] |
| XXIV. | The Ventilation and Lighting of Tunnels during Construction | [325] |
| XXV. | The Cost of Tunnel Excavation and the Time Required for Work | [336] |