INDEX

Accidents and Repairs in the Belgian Method, [152]
Accidents in Tunnels:
After Construction, [308]
Baltimore Belt Line, [165]
Chattanooga Tunnel, [311]
During Construction, [301]
General Discussion, [301]
Giovi Tunnel, [309]
Repairing of, [304]
Acetylene Gas Lighting, [334]
Air Compressors, Description of, [87]
Air Locks, [264]-[272]
Air Pressure, [268]
American Method:
General Description, [172]
Excavation, [172]
Strutting, [174]
Hauling, [175]
Arrangement of Drill Holes, [90]
Artificial Ventilation, [327]
Austrian Method of Tunneling:
Advantages and Disadvantages, [180]
Excavation, [176]
General Description, [176]
Lining, [180]
Strutting, [177]
Average Progress in Tunnels, [342]
Baltimore Belt Line Tunnel, General Description, [160]
Barlow’s Shield, [242]
Beach’s Shield, [246]
Belgian Method:
Accidents and Repairs, [152]
Advantages and Disadvantages, [152]
Excavation, [145]
General Description, [144]
Lining, [148]
Hauling, [150]
Strutting, [146]
Bench, [131]
Bends, [268]
Blackwall’s Tunnel Shield, [248]
Blasting-cone, [33]
Blickford Match, [31]
Boston Subway:
General Descriptions, [203]
Roof Shield, [251]
Boulder Tunnel Relined, [315]
Box-cars, [61]
Box Strutting, [51]
Brandt Drilling Machine, [28], 112
Brown, W. L., [269]
Brunel’s Shield, [240]
Caissons, [293]
Canals and Pipe Lines, [86]
Cascade Tunnel, [98]
Center-cut, [91]
Center Line:
Curvilinear Tunnels, [14]
Determination of, [9]
Rectilinear Tunnels, [9]
Simplon Tunnel, [106]
Submarine Tunnels, [265]
Triangulation, [12]
Transferred through Center Shafts, [13]
Transferred through Side Shafts, [14]
Value’s Device, [10]
Centers:
For Arches, [68]
English Method, [169]
Ground Molds, [66]
Italian Method, [184]
Lagging, [71]
Leading Frames, [67]
Setting Up, [70]
Striking, [71]
Chattanooga Tunnel, Accident, [311]
City and South London Railway Shield, [250]
Classification of Tunnels, [42]
Coal-gas Lighting, [333]
Cofferdam Method of Tunneling, [281]
Van Buren Street Tunnel, Chicago, [282]
Collapse of Tunnels, [302]
Compressed Air:
For Power, [87]
For Ventilation, [330]
Concrete Lining, [75]
Fort George Tunnel, [139]
Murray Hill Tunnel, [126]
Cost of:
Double-track Tunnels, [340]
Hauling, [338]
Headings, [337]
Hoisting, [338]
Single-track Tunnel, [340]
Submarine Tunnels, [341]
Subways, [209]-[217]
Tunnels, [336]
Craven, Alfred, [39]
Craven’s Sunflower, [39]
Cross-section:
Dimensions of, [20]
Form of, [18]
Hudson River Tunnel Pennsylvania Railroad, [277]
Crown-bar (see [American Method]).
Subways, [204]-[211]
Croton Aqueduct Tunnel, [95]
Culverts, [80]
Detroit River Tunnel, [296]
Diamond Drilling Machine, [27]
Directing the Shield, [265]
Drift, [37]
Drift Method:
General Discussion, [102]
Murray Hill Tunnel, [123]
Simplon Tunnel, [103]
Drilling Machines:
Brandt, [112]
Ingersoll, [26]
Drills:
Diamond, [27]
Hand, [23]
Mountings for, [25]
Percussion, [24]
Power, [24]
Rotary, [27]
Dumping Cars, [60]
Electric Firing, [32]
Electric Lighting, [335]
English Method:
Advantages and Disadvantages, [171]
Centers, [169]
Excavation, [166]
General Discussion, [166]
Lining, [170]
Strutting, [167]
Enlargement of the Profile, [38]
Entrances, [81]
Erector, [272]
Excavation:
American Method, [172]
Arrangement of Drill Holes, [90]
Austrian Method, [176]
Belgian Method, [145]
Center-cut, [91]
Enlargement of Profile, [38]
English Method, [166]
Fort George Tunnel, [136]
German Method, [155]
Headings, [37], 91
Hudson River Tunnel of Pennsylvania Railroad, [273]
Italian Method, [182]
Murray Hill Tunnel, [124]
Quicksand Method, [189]
Pilot Method, [193]
Shield and Compressed Air Method, [267]
Simplon Tunnel, [110]
Excavating Machines:
For Earth, [22]
For Rock, [23]
Explosions, [33]
Dynamite, [30]
Gunpowder, [28]
Nitroglycerine, [29]
Quantity of, [34]
Storage of, [30]
Failure of Tunnel Roof, [305]
Forgie, James, [269]
Fort George Tunnel, [135]
Foundations for Lining, [76]
Fox, Charles B., [103]
Frame Strutting, [49]
Fuses, [31]
Geological Survey, [3]
German Method:
Advantages and Disadvantages, [159]
Excavation, [155]
General Description, [155]
Hauling, [158]
Strutting, [156]
Giovi Tunnel Accident, [309]
Graveholz Tunnel, [98]
Greathead’s Shield, [245]
Hand Drills, [23]
Harlem River Tunnel, [285]
Hauling:
American Method, [175]
Belgian Method, [150]
Italian Method, [185]
German Method, [158]
Hudson River Tunnel of Pennsylvania Railroad, [278]
Motive Power, [61]
By Way of Entrances, [59]
Simplon Tunnel, [111]
By Way of Shafts, [62]
Heading and Bench Method:
Fort George Tunnel, [135]
General Discussion, [130]
St. Gothard Tunnel, [1]
Headings, [37], 91
Hewett, H. B., [269]
History of Tunnels, xiii
Hoisting Machines:
General Discussion, [62]
Elevators, [64]
Horse Gins, [63]
Windlass, [63]
Hoosac Tunnel, [93]
Hopkins, Stephen W., [135]
Hudson River Tunnel of Pennsylvania Railroad, [269]
Hydraulic Jacks, [260], 271
Hydraulic Rams, [271]
Illumination:
Acetylene Gas, [334]
Coal-gas, [333]
Electric, [335]
Hudson River Tunnel of Pennsylvania Railroad, [280]
Lamps and Lanterns, [330]
Inclination of Strata, [6]
Ingersoll Drilling Machine, [26]
Inverted Arch Lining, [77]
Iron and Masonry Lining, [74]
Iron Lining, [73], 261, [276]
Iron Strutting, [55]
Full Section, [56]
Headings, [56]
Shafts, [57]
Italian Method:
Advantages and Disadvantages, [188]
Excavation, [182]
General Description, [182]
Modifications, [186]
Strutting, [183]
Jacks, [260], 271
Joining the Caissons, [295]
Lagging, [71]
Lamps and Lanterns, [330]
Lighting (see [Illumination]).
Lining:
Austrian Method, [180]
Belgian Method, [148]
Concrete, [126], 139
English Method, [170]
Foundations, [76]
General Observations, [78]
German Method, [158]
Hudson River Tunnel Pennsylvania Railroad, [276]
Invert, [77]
Iron, [73], 261, [276]
Iron and Masonry, [74]
Italian Method, [185]
Masonry, [74]
Quicksand Method, [191]
Roof Arch, [77]
Side Tunnels, [79], 83
Side Walls, [77]
Subways, [207]-[213]
Timber, [72]
Thickness of Masonry, [78], 83
Little Tom Tunnel Relined, [321]
Loose Soil (see [Soft Ground]).
Masonry (see [Centers]).
Masonry Culverts, [80]
Masonry (see [Lining]).
Masonry Lining, [74]
Masonry Niches, [81]
McBean, Daniel, [285]
Mechanical Installations for Tunnel Work, [84]
Milwaukee Tunnel, [226]
Mont Cenis Tunnel, [92]
Monthly Progress of Tunnels, [342]
Mullan Tunnel Relined, [319]
Murray Hill Tunnel, [123]
Natural Ventilation, [326]
New York Rapid Transit Subway, [209]
Niagara Falls Power Tunnel, [97]
Niches, [81]
Open Cut or Tunnel, [1]
Open-cut Tunneling:
General Discussion, [195]
Parallel Longitudinal Trenches, [197]
Single Trench, [196]
Single Narrow Trench, [197]
Transverse Trenches, [200]
Tunnels on the Surface, [200]
Palisade Tunnel, [94]
Pennsylvania Railroad Shield, [270]
Percussion Drills, [24]
Pilot Method of Tunneling, [192]
Plank Centers, [69]
Platform Cars, [59]
Plenum Method of Ventilation, [329]
Pneumatic Caissons, [287]
Polar Protractor, [39]
Portals, [81]
Power Drills, [24]
Power Plants:
Air Compressors, [87]
Canals and Pipe Lines, [86]
Cascade Tunnel, [98]
Croton Aqueduct Tunnel, [95]
General Description, [84]
Graveholz Tunnel, [98]
Hoosac Tunnel, [93]
Hudson River Tunnel Pennsylvania Railroad, [279]
Mont Cenis Tunnel, [92]
Murray Hill Tunnel, [128]
Niagara Falls Power Tunnel, [97]
Palisades Tunnel, [94]
Receivers, [89]
Reservoirs, [86]
Simplon Tunnel, [117]
Sonnstein Tunnel, [99]
St. Clair River Tunnel, [99]
St. Gothard Tunnel, [133]
Steam, [85]
Strickler Tunnel, [96]
Turbines, [86]
Prelini’s Shield, [251]
Presence of Water, [7]
Prevention of Collapse, [303]
Progress in Sinking Shafts, [343]
Progress of Excavation, [342]
Progress of the Work, [342]
Progress in Simplon Tunnel, [122]
Quantity of Air for Ventilation, [331]
Quicksand Tunneling:
General Discussion, [188]
Removing the Seepage Water, [191]
Quantity of Timber in Strutting, [54]
Receivers, [89]
Relining Tunnels, [315]
Boulder Tunnel, [315]
Little Tom Tunnel, [321]
Mullan Tunnel, [319]
Repairing of Accidents in Tunnels, [308]
Reservoirs, [86]
Roof Arch Lining, [77]
Roof Shield for Boston Subway, [251]
Roof of Caissons, [287]-[291]
Rotary Drills, [27]
Ryder, B. H., [296]
Saccardo System of Ventilation, [330]
Saunders, W. L., [88]
Seepage Water, [191]
Seine River Tunnel, [293]
Setting up Centers, [70]
Severn Tunnel, [221]
Shafts, Description of, [40]
Shaler, Ira A., [142]
Shield and Compressed Air Method, [263]
Shield Construction:
Diaphragm, [256]
Cellular Division, [255]
Dimensions of Shields, [259]
Front End, [254]
General Form, [252]
Rear End, [257]
Shell, [253]
Shield Method:
Barlow Shield, [242]
Beach’s Shield, [245]
Blackwall Tunnel Shield, [248]
Brunel Shield, [240]
City and South London Railway Shield, [250]
Greathead’s Shield, [245]
History, [238]
Prelini’s Shield, [251]
St. Clair River Tunnel Shield, [247]
Side Shafts, [41]
Side Tunnels Lining, [79]
Side Walls Lining, [77]
Simplon Tunnel, [103]
Soils Encountered in Tunnels, [3]
Sonnstein Tunnel, [99]
Stations of Subways, [207]-[216]
St. Clair River Tunnel Shield, [247]
St. Gothard Tunnel, [132]
Steam Power Plant, [85]
Stratification of the Soils, [6]
Strickler Tunnel, [96]
Striking the Centers, [71]
Strutting:
American Method, [174]
Austrian Method, [177]
Belgian Method, [146]
Dimensions of Timber, [54]
English Method, [167]
Fort George Tunnel, [137]
Full Section, [51]
German Method, [156]
Headings, [48]
Italian Method, [183]
Murray Hill Tunnel, [125]
Pilot Method, [193]
Quantity of Timber, [54]
Shafts, [52]
Iron: Full Section, [56]
Headings, [56]
Shafts, [57]
Submarine Tunneling:
Cofferdam Method, [281]
Compressed Air Method, [225]
Detroit River Tunnel, [296]
General Discussion, [218]
Harlem River Tunnel, [285]
Hudson River Tunnel Pennsylvania Railroad, [269]
Lining, [261]
Milwaukee Water-Works Tunnel, [226]
Pneumatic Caisson Method, [284]
Seine River Tunnel, [293]
Severn Tunnel, [221]
Shield and Compressed Air Method, [263]
Shield System, [238]
Sinking and Joining Sections Built on Land, [293]
Van Buren Street Tunnel, [282]
Subways:
Boston, [203]
Cost of, [209]-[217]
Cross-sections, [204]-[211]
General Discussion, [195]-[202]
Lining, [207]-[213]
New York Rapid Transit Railway, [209]
Stations, [207]-[216]
Sutro, Adolph, [330]
Tamping, [32]
Thickness of Lining Masonry, [78], 83
Thomson Excavating Machine, [22]
Timber Lining, [72]
Timbering (see [Strutting]).
Tremies, [299]
Trussed Centers, [70]
Tunnel or Open Cut, [1]
Tunnels:
Baltimore Belt Line, [160]
Classification of, [42]
Fort George, [135]
Murray Hill, [123]
Simplon, [103]
St. Gothard, [132]
Hard Rock, [84]
Drift Method, [102]
Comparison of Methods, [141]
Heading and Bench Method, [152]
Heading Method, [130]
Soft Ground:
American Method, [172]
Austrian Method, [176]
Belgian Method, [144]
English Method, [166]
German Method, [155]
Italian Method, [182]
Pilot Method, [192]
Quicksand Method, [188]
Submarine:
Detroit River Tunnel, [296]
Harlem River Tunnel, [285]
Hudson River Tunnel of Pennsylvania Railroad, [269]
Milwaukee Tunnel, [226]
Seine River Tunnel, [293]
Severn Tunnel, [221]
Van Buren Street Tunnel, Chicago, [282]
Under City Streets:
General Description, [201]
Boston Subway, [203]
Turbines, [86]
Vacuum Method of Ventilation, [328]
Value, Beverley R., [10]
Van Buren Street Tunnel, [282]
Ventilation, [325]
Artificial, [327]
Compressed Air, [330]
Natural, [326]
Plenum Method, [329]
Quantity of Air, [331]
Saccardo’s System, [330]
Simplon Tunnel, [120]
Vacuum Method, [328]
Vernon-Harcourt, L. F., [221]
Working Platforms, [286]
Wyman, Erastus, [293]