BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE
The literature is voluminous and not easy to evaluate. On population
changes and immigration, the best source is the Abstract of the
Thirteenth (1910) Census (1913), with the Atlas accompanying it
(1914); Reports of the Immigration Commission, appointed under the
Congressional Act of Feb. 20, 1907 (42 vols., 1911), is exhaustive; F.
A. Ogg, National Progress (1918), has a good chapter; consult Joseph
Schafer, A History of the Pacific Northwest (rev. ed., 1918), for
Washington and Oregon.
The consolidation in industry, railroads and finance may be followed in: A.D. Noyes, Forty Years of American Finance (1909); John Moody, The Truth about the Trusts (1904); Report of the Commissioner of Corporations on the Steel Industry (3 parts, 1911), on the United States Steel Corporation; Anna P. Youngman, Economic Causes of Great Fortunes (1909); C.R. Van Hise, Concentration and Control a Solution of the Trust Problem in the United States (rev. ed., 1914); E.R. Johnson and T.W. Van Metre, Principles of Railroad Transportation (1916); John Moody, The Railroad Builders (1919); John Moody, The Masters of Capital (1919); and Report of the Committee Appointed Pursuant to House Resolutions 429 and 504 to Investigate the Concentration of Control of Money and Credit, (Pujo Committee) 1913.
There is no satisfactory study of the social and political effects of
the great increase in the circulation of newspapers and periodicals.
Suggestive articles are: World's Work (Oct., 1916), "Stalking for
Nine Million Votes"; Arena (July, 1909), "The Making of Public
Opinion"; Atlantic Monthly (Mar., 1910), "Suppression of Important
News." Less superficial articles are those of Walter Lippmann in the
Atlantic Monthly (Nov., Dec., 1919). The statistics are available in
N.W. Ayer, American Newspaper Annual and Directory.
The emergence of the theory of public interest is best seen in the
Autobiography of R.M. La Follette (4th ed., 1920); consult also
Theodore Roosevelt, Autobiography, and C.G. Washburn, Theodore
Roosevelt; the Logic of his Career (1916). A profound article is W.J.
Tucker, "The Progress of the Social Conscience," in Atlantic Monthly
(Sept., 1915).
On the Fourteenth Amendment, consult the volumes already mentioned under Chap. IV.
There are no thorough estimates of Bryan and La Follette. On the former: Atlantic Monthly (Sept., 1912), and Nineteenth Century (July, 1915); H. Croly, Promise of American Life (1914), is critical. W.J. Bryan, First Battle (1897), is essential. On La Follette, his own narrative as given in the Autobiography is best, but should be read with care as it was written in the heat of partisan controversy. See also F.C. Howe, Wisconsin an Experiment in Democracy (1912), friendly to La Follette.
Frank Norris, The Octopus, and The Pit; Winston Churchill, Coniston and Mr. Crewe's Career; and Upton Sinclair, The Jungle, are illustrative fiction.
* * * * *
[1] The shrinkage of the value of these securities caused the "rich men's panic" of 1903. Consult Noyes, Forty Years, 308-311.
[2] The word originated in 1906 with President Roosevelt, who likened certain sensational journalists to the man with the Muck-Rake in Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress. Annual Register, 1906, 442.
[3] Cf. pp. 94-96 above.
[4] I have drawn largely at this point upon Dr. W.J. Tucker's article "The Progress of the Social Conscience" in the Atlantic Monthly, Sept., 1915, 289-303. The clearest idea of the transition from laissez faire to public interest is gained by reading the biography of M.A. Hanna by Croly, and La Follette's and Roosevelt's autobiographies.
[5] Usually cases involving the Fourteenth Amendment have also involved other parts of the Constitution. The main reliance, however, in such cases has been the Amendment mentioned.