Footnotes
[1.]Of the Method of Teaching and Studying the Belles Lettres, &c. vol. iii. and iv.—Trans.[2.]Pietate ac religione, atque hâc unâ sapientiâ quòd deorum immortalium numine omnia regi gubernarique perspeximus, omnes gentes nationesque superavimus. Orat. de Arusp. resp. n. 19.—Trans.[3.]Ecclus. x. 8[4.]The ancients themselves, according to Pindar, (Olymp. Od. vii.) had retained some idea, that the dispersion of men was not the effect of chance, but that they had been settled in different countries by the appointment of Providence.—Trans.[5.]Gen. xi. 8, 9.[6.]“When the Most High divided the nations, and separated the sons of Adam, he set the bounds of the people according to the number of the children of Israel” (whom he had in view.) This is one of the interpretations (which appears very natural) that is given to this passage. Deut. xxxii. 8.—Trans.[7.]Ecclus. xxxvi. 17, xxxix. 19.[8.]Acts xv. 18.[9.]I will bring you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians, and I will rid you out of their bondage. Exod. vi. 6. Out of the iron furnace, even out of Egypt. Deut. iv. 20.—Trans.[10.]Isaiah v. 26, 30, x. 28, 34, xiii. 4, 5.[11.]Sennacherib.—Trans.[12.]Ibid. x. 13, 14.[13.]Isaiah x. 5.[14.]Ibid. ver. 7.[15.]Ibid. ver. 12.[16.]Because thy rage against me, and thy tumult is come up into mine ears, therefore I will put my hook into thy nose, and my bridle in thy lips, and I will turn thee back by the way by which thou camest. 2 Kings xix. 28.—Trans.[17.]Ezek. xxi. 19, 23.[18.]Ibid. xxvi. xxvii. xxviii.[19.]Ezek. xxviii. 2.[20.]Ibid. xxix. 18, 20.[21.]Dan. iv. 1-34.[22.]This incident is related more at large in the history of the Egyptians, under the reign of Amasis.—Trans.[23.]Ibid. iv. 30.[24.]Dan. iv. 31, 32.[25.]
Thus saith the Lord to his anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I have holden, to subdue nations before him and I will loose the loins of kings to open before him the two-leaved gates, and the gates shall not be shut.
I will go before thee, and make the crooked places straight: will break in pieces the gates of brass, and cut in sunder the bars of iron.
And I will give thee the treasures of darkness, and hidden riches of secret places, that thou mayest know, that I the Lord which shall call thee by thy name, am the God of Israel. Isa. xlv. 1-3.—Trans.
Multa eximia divinaque videntur Athenæ tuæ peperisse, atque in vitam hominum attulisse; tum nihil melius illis mysteriis, quibus ex agresti immanique vitâ, exculti ad humanitatem et mitigati sumus, initiaque ut appellautur, ita re vera principia vitæ cognovimus. Cic. 1. ii. de leg. n. 36.
Teque Ceres, et Libera, quarum sacra, sicut opiniones hominum ac religiones ferunt, longè maximis atque occultissimis ceremoniis continentur: à quibus initia vitæ atque victùs, legum, morum, mansuetudinis, humanitatis exempla hominibus et civitatibus data ac dispertita esse dicuntur. Cic. in Verr. de supplic. n. 186.—Trans.
Est et fideli tuta silentio
Merces. Vetabo, qui Cereris sacrum
Vulgârit arcana, sub iisdem
Sit trabibus, fragilemque mecum
Solvat phaselum.
Hor. Od. 2. l. iii.
Safe is the silent tongue, which none can blame
The faithful secret merit fame;
Beneath one roof ne'er let him rest with me,
Who “Ceres' mysteries” reveals;
In one frail bark ne'er let us put to sea,
Nor tempt the jarring winds with spreading sails.
—Trans.
Tardaque Eleusinæ matris volventia plaustra.
Virg. Georg. l. i. ver. 163.
The Eleusinian mother's mystic car Slow rolling——
—Trans.
——Cui talia fanti
Ante fores, subitò non vultus, non color unus,
Non comptæ mansere comæ: sed pectus anhelum,
Et rabie fera corda tument; majorque videri,
Nec mortale sonans: afflata est numine quando
Jam propiore dei.
Virg. Æn. l. vi. v. 46-51.—Trans.
——Palmaque nobilis
Terrarum dominos evehit ad deos.
Od. i. l. i.
Sive quos Elea domum reducit
Palma cœlestes
Od. ii. l. i.—Trans.
——Tunc ritè citatos
Explorant, acuuntque gradus, variasque per artes
Instimulant docto languentia membra tumultu.
Poplite nunc flexo sidunt, nunc lubrica forti
Pectora collidunt plausu; nunc ignea tollunt
Crura, brevemque fugam nec opino fine reponunt.
Stat. Theb. l. vi v. 587, &c.
They try, they rouse their speed, with various arts;
Their languid limbs they prompt to act their parts.
Now with bent hams, amidst the practis'd crowd,
They sit; now strain their lungs, and shout aloud
Now a short flight with fiery steps they trace,
And with a sudden stop abridge the mimic race.
—Trans.
Metaque fervidis Evitata rotis. Horat. Od. i. 1. i.
The goal shunn'd by the burning wheels.
—Trans.
Ignotum tragicæ genus invenisse camœnæ
Dicitur, et plaustris vexisse poëmata Thespis,
Quæ canerent agerentque peruncti fæcibus ora.
Hor. de Art. Poët.
When Thespis first expos'd the tragic Muse,
Rude were the actors, and a cart the scene,
Where ghastly faces, smear'd with lees of wine,
Frighted the children, and amus'd the crowd.
Roscom. Art of Poet.
—Trans.
Post hunc personæ pallæque repertor honestæ
Æschylus, et modicis instravit pulpita tignis,
Et docuit magnumque loqui, nitique cothurno.
Hor. de Art. Poët.
This, Æschylus (with indignation) saw,
And built a stage, found out a decent dress,
Brought vizards in (a civiler disguise),
And taught men how to speak and how to act.
Roscom. Art of Poet.—Trans.
Actoris partes chorus officiumque virile
Defendat, neu quid medios intercinat actus,
Quod non proposito conducat, et hæreat apté.
Ille bonis faveatque, et concilietur amicis,
Et regat iratos, et amet peccare timentes.
Ille dapes laudet mensæ brevis; ille salubrem
Justitiam, legesque, et apertis otia portis.
Ille tegat commissa, deosque precetur et oret,
Ut redeat miseris, abeat fortuna superbis.
Hor. de Art. Poët.
The chorus should supply what action wants,
And hath a generous and manly part; Bridles wild rage, loves rigid honesty,
And strict observance of impartial laws,
Sobriety, security, and peace,
And begs the gods to turn blind Fortune's wheel,
To raise the wretched, and pull down the proud;
But nothing must be sung between the acts,
But what someway conduces to the plot.
Roscom. Art of Poet. translat.—Trans.
Ipse autem socer (Cæsar) in ore semper Græcos versus Euripidis de Phœnissis habebat, quos dicam ut potero, inconditè fortasse, sed tamen ut res possit intelligi:
Nam, si violandum est jus, regnandi gratià
Violandum est; aliis rebus pietatem colas.
Capitalis Eteocles, vel potiùs Euripides, qui id unum, quod omnium sceleratissimum fuerat, exceperit. Offic. l. iii. n. 82.—Trans.
Eupolis, atque Cratinus, Aristophanesque poëtæ,
Atque alii, quorum comœdia prisca virorum est,
Si quis erat dignus describi, quòd malus, aut fur,
Quòd mœchus foret, aut sicarius, aut alioqui
Famosus; multâ cum libertate notabant.
Hor. Sat. iv. l. i.
With Aristophanes' satiric rage,
When ancient comedy amus'd the age,
Or Eupolis's or Cratinus' wit,
And others that all-licens'd poem writ;
None, worthy to be shown, escap'd the scene,
No public knave, or thief of lofty mien;
The loose adult'rer was drawn forth to sight;
The secret murd'rer trembling lurk'd the night;
Vice play'd itself, and each ambitious spark;
All boldly branded with the poet's mark.
—Trans.
O ingratifici Argivi, inanes Graii, immemores beneficii,
Exulare sivistis, sivistis pelli, pulsum patimini.
—Trans.
Tyrtæusque mares animos in martia bella
Versibus exacuit.
Hor. in Art. Poët.—Trans.
Quis nescit, Volusi Bithynice, qualia demens
Ægyptus portenta colat? Crocodilon adorat
Pars hæc: illa pavet saturam serpentibus Ibin.
Effigies sacri nitet aurea Cercopitheci,
Dimidio magicæ resonant ubi Memnone chordæ,
Atque vetus Thebe centum jacet obruta portis.
Illic cœruleos, hic piscem fluminis, illic
Oppida tota canem venerantur, nemo Dianam.
Porrum et cœpe nefas violare, ac frangere morsu.
O sanctas gentes, quibus hæc nascuntur in hortis
Numina!
Juven. Sat. xv.—Trans.
Των δ οστις λωτοιο φαγοι μελιηδεα καρπον,
Ουκ ετ απαγγειλαι παλιν ηθελεν, ουδε νεεσθαι.
Μη πω τις λωτοιο φαγων, νοστοιο λαθηται.
Odyss. ix. ver. 94, 95, 102.
—Trans.
Our countryman Howel endeavours to reconcile the three different accounts of the foundation of Carthage, in the following manner. He says, that the town consisted of three parts, viz. Cothon, or the port and buildings adjoining to it, which he supposes to have been first built; Megara, built next, and in respect of Cothon, called the New Town, or Karthada; and Byrsa, or the citadel, built last of all, and probably by Dido.
Cothon, to agree with Appian, was built fifty years before the taking of Troy; Megara, to correspond with Eusebius, was built a hundred ninety-four years later; Byrsa, to agree with Menander, (cited by Josephus,) was built a hundred sixty-six years after Megara.—Trans.
Effodêre loco signum, quod regia Juno
Monstrârat, caput acris equi; nam sic fore bello
Egregiam, et facilem victu per secula gentem.
Virg. Æn. l. i. ver. 447.
The Tyrians landing near this holy ground,
And digging here, a prosp'rous omen found:
From under earth a courser's head they drew,
Their growth and future fortune to foreshew:
This fated sign their foundress Juno gave,
Of a soil fruitful, and a people brave.
Dryden.—Trans.
Horace makes him speak thus, in the beautiful ode where this defeat is described:
Carthagini jam non ego nuntios
Mittara superbos. Occidit, occidit
Spes omnis, et fortuna nostri
Nominis, Asdrubale interempto. Lib. iv. Od. 4.—Trans.
Ἐσκοπεῖτο παρ᾽ αὐτῷ συλλογιζόμενος, οὐχ οὕτω τί δέον παθεῖν Καρχηδονίους, ὡς τί δέον ἦν πράξει Ῥωμαίους. Polyb. l. xv. p. 965. edit. Gronov.
Quibus Scipio. Etsi nou induciarum modò fides, sed etiam jus gentium in legatis violatum esset; tamen se nihil nec institutis populi Romani nec suis moribus indignum in iis facturum esse. Liv. l. xxx. n. 25.—Trans.
Ten thousand Attic talents make thirty millions French money. Ten thousand Euboic talents make something more than twenty-eight millions, thirty-three thousand livres; because, according to Budæus, the Euboic talent is equivalent but to fifty-six minæ and something more, whereas the Attic talent is worth sixty minæ.
Or otherwise thus calculated in English money:
According to Budæus, the Euboic talent is 56 Minæ
56 Minæ reduced to English money is 175l.
Consequently, 10,000 Euboic talents make 1,750,000l.
So that the Carthaginians paid annually 35,000l.
This calculation is as near the truth as it can well be brought; the Euboic talent being something more than 56 minæ.—Trans.
Cibi potionisque, desiderio naturali, non voluptate, modus finitus. Liv. l. xxi. n. 4.
Constat Annibalem, nec tum cùm Romano tonantem bello Italia contremuit, nec cùm reversus Carthaginem summum imperium tenuit, aut cubantem cœnâsse, aut plus quàm sextario vini indulsisse. Justin, l. xxxii. c. 4.—Trans.
Ubi Carthago, et æmula imperii Romani ab stirpe interiit, Fortuna sævire ac miscere omnia cœpit. Sallust. in bell. Catilin.
Ante Carthaginem deletam populus et senatus Romanus placidè modestéque inter se Remp. tractabant.—Metus hostilis in bonis artibus civitatem retinebat. Sed ubi formido illa mentibus decessit, illicet ea, quæ secundæ res amant, lascivia atquæ superbia incessere. Idem in bello Jugurthino.—Trans.
Κεῖν᾽ ἔχω ὅσσ᾽ ἔφαγον, καὶ ἐφύβρισα, καὶ μετ᾽ ἔρωτος
Τέρπν᾽ ἔπαθον; τὰ δὲ πολλὰ καὶ ὄλβια πάντα λέλειπται.
Quid aliud, inquit Aristoteles, in bovis, non in regis sepulchro, inscriberes? Hæc habere se mortuum dicit, quæ ne vivus quidem diutiùs habebat, quàm fruebatur. Cic. Tusc. Quæst. l. v. n. 101.—Trans.
Nostro quidem more cum parentibus puberes filii, cum soceris generi, non lavantur. Retinenda est igitur hujus generis verecundia, præsertim naturâ ipsâ magistrâ et duce. Cic. l. i. de offic. n. 129.
Nadare se nefas esse credebatur. Val. Max. l. ii. c. 1.—Trans.