BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE
Original Text
The best edition of Champlain's own works, in the original text, is that of Laverdière—Oeuvres de Champlain, publiées sous le Patronage de l'Université Laval. Par l'Abbé C.-H. Laverdière, M.A. Seconde Edition. 6 tomes, 4to. Quebec: Imprimé au Séminaire par Geo. B. Desbarats, 1870.
The list of Champlain's writings includes:
1. The Bref Discours, describing his trip to the West Indies.
2. The Des Sauvages, describing his first voyage to the St Lawrence.
3. The Voyages of 1613, covering the years 1604-13 inclusive.
4. The Voyages of 1619, covering the years 1615-18 inclusive.
5. The Voyages of 1632, which represent a re-editing of the early voyages from 1603 forward, and continue the narrative from 1618 to 1629.
6. A general treatise on the duties of the mariner.
English Translations
1. The Bref Discours, in a translation by Alice Wilmere, was published by the Hakluyt Society in 1859.
2. The Des Sauvages (1604) was translated in Purchas His Pilgrimes (1625).
3. The Voyages of 1604-18 inclusive were translated by C. P. Otis for the Prince Society of Boston, in three volumes, 1878-82, with the Rev. E. F. Slafter as editor. This is a fine work, but not easily accessible in its original form. Fortunately, Professor Otis's translation has been reprinted, with an introduction and notes by Professor W. L. Grant, in the Original Narratives of Early American History (Scribners, 1907). The passages quoted in the present volume are taken from Otis's translation, with occasional changes.
4. The Voyages of 1604-16 inclusive have also been well translated by Annie Nettleton Bourne, with an introduction and notes by Professor E. G. Bourne (A. S. Barnes and Co., 1906). This translation follows the edition of 1632, and also gives the translation of Des Sauvages which appears in Purchas.
General Literature
The career of Champlain is treated in many historical works, of which the following are a few: Parkman, Pioneers of France in the New World; Dionne, Samuel de Champlain (in the 'Makers of Canada' series); Biggar, Early Trading Companies of New France, Slafter, Champlain (in Winsor's Narrative and Critical History of America, vol. iv, part i, chap. iii); Salone, La Colonisation de la Nouvelle-France; Suite, Histoire des Canadiens-Français; Ferland, Cours d'Histoire du Canada; Garneau, Histoire du Canada, fifth edition, edited by the author's grandson, Hector Garneau.
Portrait
Unfortunately, there is no authentic portrait of Champlain. That ascribed to Moncornet is undoubtedly spurious, as has been proved by V. H. Paltsits in Acadiensis, vol. iv, pp. 306-11.
INDEX
Acadia, [22-3]; the first French colony in, [24], [34-7], [40-8], [52-5]; abandoned, [56-8].
Alexander, Sir William, his interest in Acadia, [127] and note.
Algonquins, the, [68-9], [86-7], [101-2], [113-14]; their expedition against the Iroquois, [87-96].
America, early opinions regarding, [13].
Armouchiquois, the, [38], [39-40], [49-52].
Basques, the, [56] n.; defy French trading monopoly at Tadoussac, [63], [64].
Boyer, his public apology to Champlain, [78-9].
Brulé, Étienne, explorer and interpreter, [97-8].
Caën, Emery de, represents France in the restoration of Quebec, [129].
Caën, William and Emery de, granted a monopoly in New France, [79-80], [117], [119-20]; deprived of their charter, [122]; monopoly restored, [129-30].
Cartier, Jacques, [61].
Champdoré, with Champlain at Port Royal, [46].
Champlain, Samuel de, his birth and parentage, [2-3]; serves in the Wars of the League, [6-8]; his voyage to the West Indies and Mexico, [8-10]; his first voyage to the St Lawrence, [11-12], [16], [19-21]; with De Monts' expedition to Acadia, [23], [26-43]; his work at Port Royal, [43-6]; with Poutrincourt's exploring expedition, [47-52]; founds the Order of Good Cheer at Port Royal, [52-4]; his second voyage to the St Lawrence and the founding of Quebec, [59-68], [81], [82-3], [123]; a conspiracy to kill him, [64-5]; his habitation, [66-7]; his Indian policy, [68-70], [87], [97], [104-5]; organizes a trading company in France and secures a monopoly, becoming lieutenant-general of New France, [71-5]; his difficulties with his company, [77-80]; his expedition with the Algonquins against the Iroquois, [87-96], [101-2]; his marriage, [117-18]; is grossly deceived by Nicolas Vignau, [98-104]; wounded in expedition with the Hurons against the Onondagas, [104-12]; winters with the Hurons, [112-15], [146], [148-50]; his work as king's lieutenant in Quebec, [116-17], [119], [134]; captured and taken to London, [124-6], [127]; his reception on his return to Quebec, [130-1]; his last years and death, [133-6]; his writings and character, [84-5], [137-51], [152-3]; a comparison with Lescarbot, [55-7], [140-3]; his patriotism, [12], [62], [78], [84]; his strong geographical instinct, [9-10], [20], [26-7], [29], [55], [139-40], [148]; his ambition to discover a westerly route to the East, [26], [62], [69], [84], [97], [103]; his explorations, [21], [30], [35-6], [38-40], [41], [44], [47-9], [84-6], [96], [99-101], [105-8].
Champlain, Madame, [117-18].
Champlain's Company, its charter, [74-5]; its treatment of Louis Hébert and failure to encourage colonization, [76-8]; deprived of its monopoly, [79].
Chastes, Aymar de, [24]; sends Champlain on his first voyage to the St Lawrence, [11-12], [16], [19], [20-1].
Chauvin, Pierre, secures monopoly of the fur trade in the St Lawrence, [16], [18-19], [62].
Coligny, Admiral de, his interest in New France, [14].
Colombo, Don Francisco, and Champlain, [8].
Company of One Hundred Associates, founding of the, [122-3], [129]; disaster befalls it, [124], [125].
Condé, Prince de, viceroy of Canada, [73-4], [75], [78].
Duval, Jean, his plot to kill Champlain, [64]; suffers death, [65].
France, and the Wars of the League, [6-8]; her colonization policy, [10-11], [15], [17], [18], [25], [28], [61-2], [117], [121], [132]; and trading monopolies in New France, [19] and note, [26-7], [56-57], [79], [80]; her magnificent opportunity of colonial expansion, [31-3]; the Huguenot revolt at La Rochelle, [123-4]; war with Britain, [124-6]; her rivalry with the House of Hapsburg, [121], [128] and note; her colonial policy retarded by her ambitious foreign policy, [127-9].
Georgian Bay, Champlain at, [105-6].
Gosnold, Bartholomew, an English navigator, [13], [16].
Great Britain, her colonization policy, [14-15]; founds a colony in America, [16-17], [33], [82]; her capture of New France, [124-7].
Hébert, Louis, in Acadia, [28], [29]; scurvily treated by Champlain's Company, [76-7]; his farm in Quebec, [67], [80-1].
Henry IV, [7], [8]; his interest in colonial expansion, [10-11], [17], [18], [24], [25], [60], [121]; assassinated, [71].
Holland, her interest in America, [14-16], [17].
Hudson, Henry, explorer, [17], [66], [95] n.
Huguenots, the, forbidden to settle in New France, [133].
Hurons, the, [68-9], [113-14]; their expedition against the Onondagas, [104-12]; their welcome to Champlain on his return to Quebec, [130-1].
Indians, their tactics when on a war expedition, [89-92]; when retreating, [110-11]; some customs of, [95], [102]; missions to, [132-3], [134].
Iroquois, and Champlain, [68-9]; their battle with the Algonquins, [91-5], [97]; with the Hurons, [108-10].
James I, and colonization, [16], [17].
Jeannin, President, and Champlain, [74].
Jesuits, established at Quebec, [118-19], [129], [132], [133], [149].
Kirke, Jarvis or Gervase, and his sons, their expedition against New France, [124-6], [127].
Kirke, Lewis, his capture of Quebec, [124-6]; restores it to France, [129].
Kirke, Thomas, [124]; with his brother represents England in the restoration of Quebec, [129].
Lake Champlain, discovery of, [86], [91], [96-7].
Lalemant, Father Charles, at Quebec, [129], [133], [136].
La Roche, his colony on Sable Island, [18].
La Rochelle, revolt of, [123-4].
Le Caron, Father Joseph, among the Hurons, [105].
Le Jeune, Father Paul, his arrival at Quebec, [129], [131], [133]; his appreciation of Champlain, [135-6].
Lescarbot, Marc, [28], [29], [55-6]; quoted on De Monts' colony in Acadia, [30], [47], [52], [52-4], [57-8]; a comparison with Champlain, [55], [140-3].
Marais, Des, with Champlain in New France, [87], [88].
Marsolet, Nicolas, a guide and interpreter, [97-8].
Micmacs, the, [38].
Montagnais, the, [86] n., [93], [96].
Montmorency, Duke of, [26-7]; viceroy of Canada, [78], [79], [80].
Monts, Sieur de, [16], [24]; his trading company and monopoly, [22] n., [25-7], [28], [29], [56-7], [60-1], [68]; his colonizing expedition to Acadia, [23], [28-43]; equips Champlain's expedition to the St Lawrence, [60-1], [62-3], [70-2]; member of Champlain's Company, [75].
New France, [23]; and the trading companies, [19] and note; explorations in, [21], [23], [84]; religious strife in, [117]; the Huguenots forbidden to settle in, [117], [123], [133]; surrendered to Britain, [126]; restored to France, [127]; progress in retarded by the Thirty Years' War, [128-9].
Nicolet, Jean, an explorer and interpreter, [98], [135].
Norumbega, what it comprised, [28] n., [36].
Onondagas, the, [104], [108-10].
Pontgravé, Sieur du, his voyages to New France, [20] and note; with De Monts' expedition to Acadia, [28], [31], [37], [42]; left in command at Port Royal, [43-6]; with Champlain in the St Lawrence, [61], [63], [65], [68], [87].
Port Mouton, De Monts' expedition at, [29-31].
Port Royal, the French colony at, [34], [40-6], [47]; Order of Good Cheer founded, [52-4]; colony abandoned, but re-established, [56-8]; captured by the British, [76].
Poutrincourt, Seigneur de, with De Monts in Acadia, [28-9], [31], [41-2]; his colonizing expedition to Port Royal, [46-56], [58].
Prevert, a mariner of St Malo, [20], [34].
Quebec, [59-60], [62], [81]; Champlain reaches, [64], [66-7]; hard times in, [67-8], [83], [87]; two bright spots, [80-1]; captured by the Kirkes, [124-6]; restored to France, [127].
Raleigh, Sir Walter, his colony in America, [14], [16].
Ralleau, with Champlain in Acadia, [30], [46].
Récollets, the, in New France, [80], [119].
Richelieu, Cardinal, his energetic colonial policy, [120-3], [129], [133]; succumbs to European interests, [124], [127-8] n.
Sagard, Gabriel, a Récollet missionary, [77].
St Croix, the French colony at, [34-5], [37].
St Germain-en-Laye, treaty of, [127].
St Lawrence, the, [22], [61-2]; Champlain's explorations of, [21], [84].
Soissons, Comte de, and Champlain, [73].
Spain, her early conquests in America, [8], [12-13].
Sully, Duc de, opposes French colonization, [17], [25], [61], [121].
Suza, treaty of, [126].
Tessouät, an Algonquin chief, [102].
Thirty Years' War, its effect on New France, [128] and note.
Three Rivers, erection of fort at, [134].
Ventadour, Duc de, viceroy of New France, [116], [117].
Vignau, Nicolas, [97]; deceives Champlain with a story of the North Sea, [98-101]; his punishment, [103-4].
Wars of the League, the, [6-8].