KITCHEN SCIENCE AND ART.
[1.] “Alkaloid.” The name given to those extracts of vegetables which will unite with acids to form salts.
[2.] “Caffeine,” caf-fēˈine. The alkaloid of coffee; the same extract of tea is called théine. It is present in coffee to the extent of one per cent.; in tea from two to six per cent. It can be extracted by using acetate of lead. It has a bitter taste, and acts powerfully upon the system when taken in doses of from two to ten grains, causing palpitation of the heart, confusion of the senses, and sleeplessness.
[3.] “Theo-bromine.” The alkaloid of chocolate, extracted in the same manner as from tea or coffee.
[4.] “Thea viridis,” theˈa virˈĭ-dis. (Green tea.) The name given to that species of tea plant formerly supposed to yield green tea.
[5.] “Camilliaceæ,” cam-milˌli-āˈce-e. An order of plants comprising trees or shrubs with alternate, simple, feather-veined leaves, and regular flowers.
[6.] “Loblolly bay.” A tree found in the Southern States, growing to the height of from thirty to eighty feet, having long, narrow leaves, and large, white flowers, about two inches across, and resembling the single camellia.
[7.] “Stuartia.” Catesby. A shrub having deciduous leaves, and large, fragrant, white flowers.
[8.] “Tannin.” The astringent principle contained in a great variety of plants, which renders them capable of combining with skins of animals to form leather.
[9.] “Turmeric,” turˌmeˈric. A name given to the tuber-like root of a plant found in Asia. As prepared for commerce the roots are of the size of the little finger, and two or three inches long, of a yellowish color. They have an odor like ginger, and an aromatic taste. They form an orange-yellow powder, which is used in dyeing. Prussian blue is prepared from prussic acid, potassium, and a solution of sulphate of iron. Gypsum is a native sulphate of lime, that, when calcined, forms plaster of Paris.
[10.] “Caper.” The caper bush is a native of the south of Europe; it is a climbing shrub which flowers all summer. The buds are gathered every morning, and preserved in vinegar and salt. They have an agreeable pungency of taste. “Pekoe.” The young leaf buds of a kind of tea known as the pekoe, which is the choicest of black teas, are gathered as early as April, and sometimes mixed with other teas, to flavor them.
[11.] “Caseine,” cāˈse-ine. An organic compound allied to albumen, found in milk. It may be coagulated and separated from the milk by the application of rennet.
[12.] “Cibber,” sibˈber. (1671-1757.) An English poet, appointed to be poet laureate in 1730. He figures in the “Dunciad.” See The Chautauquan, vol. v, page 213.
[13.] “Waller.” (1605-1687.) An English poet.
[14.] “Coffea Arabica,” cof-feˈa A-raˈbi-ca.
[15.] “Rubiaceæ,” ru-bi-aˈse-ē. An order of herbaceous plants of which there are three or four hundred species; abounding chiefly in the northern hemisphere and upon the mountains in the tropics.
[16.] “Bouvardias.” A class of autumn and winter blooming house plants in the northern climates. Leaves regular; flowers appear in clusters, and are something like the honeysuckle in form. They vary in color from a pure white to a deep scarlet.
[17.] “Koran.” The sacred book of the Mohammedans, and their chief authority, also, in political, military, and ethical matters.
[18.] “Caffeone.” A fragrant, volatile oil contained in coffee.
[19.] “Sterculiaceæ,” sterˌcu-li-aˈse-ē. Large trees or shrubs, with simple or compound leaves, and flowers like those of the mallow, except that the anthers turn outward.
[20.] “Mahernia,” usually called Mahernia odorata, is an exotic flowering shrub cultivated in conservatories, mostly for its rich fragrance.