INDEX

A few Names which do not occur in the body of the Work are explained in the Index.

Abbeville, [4]
Abbeyfeale, [4]
Abbeyleix and Abbeyshrule, [4]
Abyssinia, named from the Rivers Abai and Wabash, or, according to Bruce, from habish (mixed), i.e. the country of the mixed races
Acapulca, [9]
Acre, anc. Accho, Ar. the sultry or sandy shore
Adelsberg, the nobles’ fortress
Aden, Ar. a paradise
Afium-kara-hissar, Turc. the black castle of opium
Agades, the enclosure
Agde, in France, Grk. Agathos, the good place, founded by Greeks from Marseilles
Aghrim, or Aughrim, [67]
Agosta, Lat. Augusta
Agra, [2]
Airdrie, [10]
Aix, [9]
Aix-la-Chapelle, [9]
Akerman, Turc. (white castle)
Akhalzk, new fortress
Alabama, the land of rest
Alagous Bay (abounding in lakes)
Aland, water land
Albania, [7]
Albert, in Cape Colony, named after the Prince Consort
Albuera, Ar. the lake
Albuquerque, Lat. the white oak-tree
Alcala, Ar. the castle, [114]
Alcantara, [6]
Alcarez, Ar. the farm
Aldershott, [107]
Alemtayo (beyond the R. Tagus)
Aleutian Islands, the bold rocks
Alexandria and Alexandretta, named after Alexander the Great
Alexandria, in Cape Colony, in honour of Queen Victoria
Alexandria, in Italy, after Pope Alexander III
Alhama, [100]
Alleghany Mountains, from a tribe
Alloa, the way to the sea
Almaden, Ar. the mine
Almanza, Ar. the plain
Almanzor, Ar. victorious
Almeida, Ar. the table
Altona, called by the Hamburgians All-zu-nah, i.e. (all too near), in allusion to its vicinity to Hamburg
Alyth, the ascent or slope
America, named after the Florentine adventurer Amerigo-Vespucci
Angora, anc. Ancyra
Annam (the place of the South)
Anstruther, [179]
Antrim (at the elder trees)
Antwerp, [208]
Aoasta, Lat. Augusta
Apennine Mountains, [154]
Appenzel, [4]
Appleby, [37]
Applecross, [3]
Aranjues, Lat. Ara Jovis, the altar of Jove
Aravali Mountain, the hill of strength
Arbois, anc. Arborosa, the woody place
Arbroath, [3]
Archangel, named in honour of the Archangel Michael
Archipelago, the chief sea
Arcos, anc. Argobriga, the town on the bend
Ardeche, now Ardoix, in France, from ardoise, slate
Ardee, in Ireland, on the R. Dee, now the Nith
Ardeen and Ardennes, [10], [11]
Ardfert, [10]
Ardrossan, [10]
Argos, the plain
Argyle, [150]
Arles, Cel. Ar-laeth, the marshy land
Armagh, i.e. Ardmacha, Macha’s height
Armorica, [143]
Arras, named from the Atrebates
Arthur Seat, in Edinburgh, Gael. Ard-na-said, i.e. the height of the arrows, meaning a convenient ground to shoot from
Ascension Island, so named because discovered on Ascension Day
Asperne, [11]
Aspropotamo, Modern Grk. (the white river)
Assouan, Ar. the opening at the mouth of the Nile
Astrakan, named after a Tartar king
Astura R., [199]
Asturias, [12]
Attica, Grk. the promontory
Aubusson, [36]
Auch, named after the Ausci, a tribe
Auchinleck, [5]
Auckland, [5]
Audlem, [7]
Augsburg, [35]
Aurillac, supposed to have been named after the Emperor Aurelian
Auriol, anc. Auriolum, the golden or magnificent
Austerlitz, [151]
Australia, the southern land
Austria, [164]
Autun, [69]
Auvergne, the high country, [11]
Ava, or Awa, named from angwa, a fish-pond
Avignon, [14]
Avranches, named from the Abrincatui
Awe, Loch, [2]
Azores Isles, Port. the islands of hawks

Baalbec, [15]
Babelmandeb Strait, [15]
Bactria, Pers. the east country
Badajos, corrupt. from Lat. Pax Augusta
Baden, [15]
Baffin’s Bay, named in honour of the discoverer
Bagdad, [16]
Bahar, corrupt. from Vihar, a Buddhist monastery
Bahia, Port. the bay, [16]
Bahr-el-Abiad, [17]
Bahrein, [17]
Baikal, the rich sea
Baireuth, [162]
Bakewell, [162]
Bakhtchisarai, the palace of the gardens
Bala (river head), in Wales
Balachulish, [17]
Balaclava, [21]
Bala-Ghauts, [18]
Bala-hissar, [18]
Balasore, [18].
Balbriggan, Brecan’s bridge
Balearic Isles, because their inhabitants were skilful in the use of the sling (Balla, Grk. to throw)
Balfour, [17]
Balkan, [18]
Balkh, [18]
Ballantrae, the dwelling on the sea-shore, [196]
Ballater, [125]
Ballina, corrupt. from Bel-atha, ford mouth, [21]
Ballingry, the town of the king—v. BAILE

Note.—For Scotch or Irish names beginning with bal or bally, v. BAILE or BEAL, pp. 17 and 21

Ballintra, [196]
Balloch, [22]
Ballycastle, castle-town—v. [17]
Ballymena, [17]
Ballymoney, [17]
Ballyshannon, [22]
Balmaghie, [18]
Balmaklellan, the town of the Maclellans, [18]
Balmerino, [17]
Balmoral, [17]
Balquhidder, the town at the back of the country
Balta and Baltia, the country of the belts or straits, the ancient name of Scandinavia, [18]
Banbury, [35]
Banchory, the fair valley
Banchory-Devenick and Banchory-Ternan, named in honour of two saints who lived there
Banda-Oriental, the eastern bank of the Rio-de-la-Plata
Banff, [34]
Bangor, [23]
Banjarmassin, from bender, a harbour, and masing, usual, or from banjer, water, and massin, salt
Banks Islands and Banks Land, named in honour of Sir Joseph Banks
Bantry, Ir. Beantraighe, i.e. belonging to the descendants of Beann, of the royal race of Ulster
Barbadoes, Port. the island of pines
Barbary, the country of the Berbers
Barbuda, the island of the bearded men, so named by the Portuguese
Barcelona, named from Hamilcar Barca, who founded it
Bardhwan, Pers. the thriving place
Bardsey, [72]
Barfleur, [81]
Bar-le-Duc, [19]
Barnstaple, [152]
Barrow, [19]
Barrow Strait, named in honour of Sir John Barrow
Barton, [194]
Basque Provinces, from bassoco, a mountaineer, or, according to Humboldt, from basoa, a forest
Bass Strait, named after Bass, a navigator
Basse Terre, low land
Bassora, or Bozra, the fortress
Batavia, [108]
Bath, [16]
Battersea, [71]
Battle and Buittle, [27]
Bautzen, [33]
Bavaria, the country of the Boii
Bayeux, named from the Bajoccas, a tribe
Bayonne, [17]
Beachy Head, [19]
Beauley and Beaulieu, [21]
Beaumaris, [21]
Beauvais, named from the Bellovacii
Bedford, [82]
Bednore, [151]
Beersheba, [20]
Behring Strait, so named by Captain Cook in honour of Behring, a Russian navigator
Beinn, Ben, etc., a mountain, [22]
Beira, Port. the river-bank
Beja, corrupt. from the Lat. Pax-Julia
Belfast, [22]
Belgium, named from the Belgae
Belgrade, [21].
Belize, named after a person called Wallace
Bell Rock or Inch Cape, a reef of rocks south-east from Arbroath, so called from the lighthouse which was erected on it in 1811, previous to which the monks of Arbroath caused a bell to be suspended upon it so as to be rung by the waves, and thus give warning to mariners
Belleisle, [21]
Bellie, the mouth of the ford
Belper, [21]
Beluchistan, [182]
Benares, named from the names of the two rivers on which it is situated
Bender, etc., [23]
Beni, etc., [23]
Benin, corrupt. from Lat. benignus, blessed
Berbice, at the mouth of the R. Berbice
Berdiansk, [176]
Berg and its derivatives, [23]
Bergamo, on a hill
Berhampore, [160]
Berkeley, [25]
Berkshire, [25]
Berlin, perhaps from Sclav. berle, uncultivated ground, but uncertain
Bermudas Isles, named after the discoverer Juan Bermudez
Berriew, corrupt. from Aber-Rhiw, at the mouth of the R. Rhiw, in Wales, [3]
Bervie, [112]
Berwick, [209]
Berwyn, [19]
Beveland, [122]
Beverley, [25]
Bewdley, [21]
Beyrout, [20]
Bhagulpore, [160]
Bhurtpore, [160]
Bicester, corrupt. from Birincester, i.e. the fortress of Birin, Bishop of Gloucester
Bideford, by the ford
Biela-Tsorkov, white church
Bielgorod, white fortress
Bielorietzk, [176]
Biggar, the soft land
Bilbao, under the hill
Bingley, the field of Bing, the original proprietor
Bir, [20]
Birkdale, the birch valley
Birkenhead and Birkhampstead, [25]
Birmingham, [99]
Biscaya and Bay of Biscay, named from the Basques, which, according to Humboldt, means forest dwellers
Bishop-Auckland, so called from the number of oaks that grew here, and from the manor having belonged to the bishops of Durham
Black Sea, perhaps so called from its frequent storms and fogs. The Greeks called it Euxine, from euxinos, hospitable, disliking its original name, Axinos, inhospitable
Blaen and its derivatives, [26]
Blair and its derivatives, [26]
Blantyre, the warm retreat
Bodmin, [27]
Bohemia, [100]
Bois-le-Duc, the duke’s wood
Bokhara, the treasury of sciences, the chief town in a state of the same name
Bolivia, named after its liberator Bolivar
Bologna and Boulogne, named from the Boii
Bombay, named after an Indian goddess Bombé, but translated by the Portuguese into Bom-bahia, good bay
Bordeaux, [9]
Bornholm, [127]
Borovsk, [28]
Borrowstounness, [145]
Bosphorus, Grk. the passage of the bull
Bourges, named from the Bituriges
Brabant, [18]
Bramapootra R., the offspring of Brahma
Brazil, named from the colour of its dye-woods, braza, Port. a live coal
Breadalbane, [29]
Brecknock, the hill of Brecon or Brychan, a Welsh prince
Breda, [29]
Breslaw, named after King Vratis-law
Breton, Cape, discovered by mariners from Brittany
Bridgenorth, [31]
Bridgewater, [31]
Brieg, [29]
Brighton, corrupt. from Brighthelmston, from a personal name
Bristol, [183]
Britain: the Cym.-Cel. root brith, to paint, is supposed by some to be the root of the word; the British poets called it Inis gwyn, white island, which answers to the Roman name Albion
Brixton, [31]
Brodick, [209]
Brody, [30]
Brooklyn, in New York, Dutch, the broken-up land
Bruges, [31]
Brunswick, [172]
Brussels, [30]
Brzesce-Litewski, [28]
Bucharest, the city of enjoyment
Buckingham, a tribe name, or the dwelling among beeches, [33]
Buda, [33]
Budweis, [33]
Buenos-Ayres, [28]
Builth, [8]
Bungay, [95]
Burgos, [36]
Burslem, Burward’s dwelling in the clayey soil, leim
Bury, [34]
Bushire, [174]
Bute, [33]
Buttermere, [136]
Buxton, [33]

Cabeza-del-Buey, [117]
Cabrach, the timber-moss, a parish in Co. Banff
Cader-Idris, the chair of Idris, in Wales
Cadiz, [86]
Cahors, named from the Cadurci
Cairo, Ar. Al-kahirah, the victorious
Calahorra, [114]
Calais, [39]
Calatayud, [114]
Calcutta, [88]
California is supposed to have taken its name from an old romance, in which this name was given to an imaginary island filled with gold, and Cortes applied the name to the whole district
Callander, the corner of the water—v. DUR
The Calf of Man. The word calf was frequently used by the Norsemen for a smaller object in relation to a larger—i.e. the small island off Man
Calvados, named from one of the vessels of the Spanish Armada, wrecked on the coast of France
Cambay, anc. Khumbavati, the city of the pillar
Cambuskenneth, [39]
Canada, Ind. Kannahta, a collection of huts
Candahar, named after Alexander the Great
Candia, Ar. Khandæ, the trench island
Cannes, [40]
Cannoch, i.e. cann, bright, and oich, water, the ancient name of the spot on which Conway Castle stands
Canopus was called by the Egyptians the city of Kneph, a god
Cantal, the head of the rock, [41]
Canton, i.e. Kwang Chou, the metropolis
Cantyre or Kintyre, [45]
Capri and Caprera, the islands of wild goats
Cardigan, named after its ancient king Ceredig, and is therefore corrupted from Ceredigion
Carew, [38]
Carlingford, [39]
Carlisle, [38]
Carlow, [129]
Carlscroone, [118]
Carlshamm, Charles’s haven, [97]
Carluke, [39]
Carmel, Heb. the fruitful field
Carmichael, [39]
Carnac, [41]
Carnatic, named from the Carnates, a tribe
Carniola, [41]
Carolina, U.S., named after Charles II.
Caroline Isles, named after Carlos II. of Spain
Carpathian Mountains, from Chrabat, a mountain range
Carrantuohill, Ir. the reversed reaping-hook, the highest mountain in Ireland
Carthage, [86]
Carthagena, [86]
Casale, [42]
Cashel, [42]
Caspian Sea, named from the Caspii, a tribe
Cassel, [42]
Castile, [42]
Catania, Phœn. the little city
Cattegat, [88]
Caucasus, [147]
Cavan, [44]
Caxamarca in Peru, the place of frost
Cefalu, [46]
Cephalonia, [46]
Cerigo, anc. Cythera, the harp-shaped
Cerro—v. SIERRA
Cevennes, [46]
Ceylon, [65]
Chambery, the bend of the water, on the R. Leysse, in France
Chamouni, [40]
Champlain, named from the Governor-General of Canada in the seventeenth century
Charles Cape, named after Baby Charles in the reign of James I.
Charlestown, named after Charles II.
Chatham, [55]
Chaumont, [39]
Chelsea, [46]
Chemnitz, [114]
Chepstow, [47]
Chester, [43]
Cheviot Hills, [46]
Chilham, [99]
Chiltern Hills, [11]
China, probably named from the dynasty of Thsin in the third century B.C.
Chippenham, [47]
Chiusa, [116]
Christchurch, in Hants, anc. Twinam-burne, between two streams, and afterwards named from a church and priory founded by the W. Saxons in the reign of Edward the Confessor
Christiana, named after Christian IV. of Sweden
Ciudad, [49]
Civita-Vecchia, [49]
Clackmannan, [49]
Clameny, [109]
Clare Co., [50]
Cleveland, [50]
Cleves, [50]
Clifton, [50]
Clitheroe, [50]
Clogheen, [49]
Clonakilty, [50]
Clones, [50]
Clontarf, [50]
Closeburn, [48]
Cloyne, [50]
Coblentz, [54]
Cochin, kochi, a morass
Cockburnspath, in Berwickshire, corrupt. from Colbrand’s Path
Cognac, the corner of the water
Coire or Chur, [56]
Colberg, [31]
Coleraine, [58]
Colmar, Lat. Collis-Martis, the hill of Mars
Colombo, corrupt. from Kalan-Totta, the ferry on the Kalawa Ganga
Colonna, Cape, [117]
Como, Lake, [54]
Comorin, Cape, named from a temple to the goddess Durga
Compostella, Santiago de, corrupt. from Sanctus Jacobus Apostolus, so called from a legend that the Apostle James was buried there
Comrie, at the confluence of three rivers, in Perthshire, [53]
Condé, [33]
Congleton, [33]
Connaught, anc. Conaicht, the territory of the descendants of Conn of the hundred battles
Connecticut, Ind. Qunnitukut, the country on the long river
Connemara, [144]
Constance, Lake, [172]
Copeland Isle, [47]
Copenhagen, [47]
Corbridge, [56]
Cork, [54]
Cornwall, [54]
Coromandel, corrupt. from Cholomandala, the district of the Cholas, a tribe
Corrientes, Span. the currents
Corryvreckan, [52]
Corsica, the woody
Corunna, corrupt. from Columna, the pillars, in allusion to a tower of Hercules
Cosenza, Lat. Cosentia, the confluence
Cotswold Hills, [52]
Cottian Alps, named after a Celtic chief
Coutance and Cotantin, named after the Emperor Constantius
Coventry, [196]
Cowal, in Ayrshire, named after King Coill
Cowes, [45]
Cracow, the town of Krak, Duke of Poland
Cramond, [38]
Crathie, [56]
Cremona, anc. Cremonensis-ager, the field named from a tribe
Crewe, [56]
Crewkerne, [56]
Crieff, Gael. Craobh, a tree
Croagh-Patrick, [56]
Croatia, [109]
Cromar, the heart of Mar, a district in Aberdeenshire
Cronstadt, [118]
Croydon, [70]
CRUG, as prefix, [58]
Cuença, Lat. concha, a shell
Cueva-de-Vera, [45]
Culebra R., the snake river
Cumberland, [122]
Cumbernauld, [53]
Cumbraes Isles and Cumbrian Mountains, named after the Cymbri
Cundinamarca, named after an Indian goddess
Curaçoa, named from a kind of bird
Currie, [56]
Cuzeo, the centre, in Peru
CWM, as prefix—v. [53], at COMBE
Cyclades Isles, Grk. kuklos, a circle
Cyprus, perhaps named from the herb kupros, with which it abounded, called by the Greeks Cerastes, the horned
Czernowitz, Sclav. black town

Dacca, Sansc. Da-akka, the hidden goddess, from a statue of Durga found there
Dantzic, Danish fort, [61]
Daventry, [196]
Daviot, [6]
Dax, [9]
Deal, [59]
Deccan, Sansc. Dakshina, the south land
Delft, [62]
Delhi, Sansc. dahal, a quagmire
Denbigh, [64]
Denmark, [134]
Deptford, [54]
Derbend, the shut-up gates or the difficult pass
Derry or Londonderry, [61]
Derwent R., [70]
Desaguadero R., Span. the drain
Detmold, [64]
Détroit, the strait between Lake St. Clair and Lake Erie
Devizes, anc. de vies, denoting a place where two ways met
Devonshire, [64]
Dhawalagiri Mountain, [90]
Dieppe, [54]
Digne, [64]
Dijon, [69]
Dinan and Dinant, [54]
Dingle, [58]
Dingwall, [190]
Dinkelsbuhl, [33]
Dmitrov, the town of St. Demetrius
Dnieper R., i.e. Don-ieper, upper river
Dniester, Don-iester, lower river Don
Doab, [2]
Dole, [59]
Dolgelly, [60]
Dominica Isle, so named because discovered on Sunday, i.e. Dies Dominica
Donagh, as prefix, [65]
Dondra Head, [65]
Donegall, [69]
Donnybrook, [65]
Doon R., [14]
Dorchester, [44]
Dorking, [70]
Dornoch, [66]
Dorset, [173]
Dort or Dordrecht, [66]
Douglas, [91]
Douro R., [70]
Dover, anc. Dubris, or anc. Brit. Dufy-rraha
Dovrefield Mountains, [78]
Downpatrick, [68]
Downs, The, [69]
Drachenfels, [78]
Drenthe, [18]
Dresden, Sclav. Drezany, the haven
Dreux, named from the Durocasses
Drogheda, [66]
Drohobicz, Sclav. the woody place
Droitwich, [209]
Dromore, [67]
Drontheim, [99]
Dryburgh, [62]
Dubicza, [68]
Dublin, [126]
Dubro, [57]
Dumbarton, [68]
Dumfries, [68]
Dungeness, [145]
Dunkirk, [70]
Dunluce, [128]
Dunse, now Duns, [70]
Dunstable, [182]
Durham, [106]
Durrow, [62]
Dynevor, [64]
Dyrrachium, Grk. the place with the dangerous breakers, Dus and rachia
Dysart, [63]

Eaglesham, church hamlet
Ecclefechan, the church of St. Fechan
Eccleshall, [72]
Ecija, [12]
Ecuador, i.e. on the equator
Edessa, [73]
Edfou, corrupt. from Atbo, the Coptic synonym for Hut, the throne of Horus
Edinburgh, [68]
Edom, the red land
Egripo or Negropont, [159]
Ehrenbreitstein, [181]
Eichstadt, Ger. oak town
Eiger, the giant, in Switzerland
Eisenach, [74]
Eisenberg, [74]
Elbing, named from the river on which it stands
Elbœuf, [37]
Elché, [109]
Elgin, named after Helgyn, a Norwegian chief, about A.D. 927
Elimo or Elath, the trees
Elizabeth, county in New York, named from the daughter of James I.
Elizabethgrad, [94]
Elmina, Ar. the mine
Elphin, Ir. Aill-finn, the rock of the clear spring
Elsinore, [150]
Elster R., the alder-tree stream
Elstow, [183]
Elvas, anc. Alba, Basque, the place on the steep hill, alboa
Ely, [71]
Emden, [69]
Empoli, corrupt. from the Lat. emporium, the market-place
Enkhuizen, [75]
Ennis, [111]
Enniskillen, [111]
Eperies, Hung. the place of strawberries
Eperney, anc. aquæ-perennes, the ever-flowing water
Epinal, [177]
Epping, [110]
Epsom, [99]
Erekli, anc. Heraclea
Erfurt, [83]
Erith, [105]
Erivan, Pers. Rewan, named after its founder
Erlangen, [75]
Erlaw, [75]
Errigal, Ir. Airegal, a small church
Erzeroom, corrupt. from Arz-er-Room, the fortress of the Romans
Eschwege, ash-tree road
Eschweiller, [6]
ESGAIR—v. SKAFR, [175]
Esk R., [198]
Essek or Ossick, [211]
Essex, [151]
Estepa, [12]
Estepona, [12]
Esthonia, the district of the people of the East
Estremadura, Lat. Estrema-Durii, the extreme limits of the R. Douro
Etna, corrupt. from attuna, the furnace
Eton, [71]
Eubœa, the well-tilled land
Euho or Yuho R., [105]
Euphrates R., the fruitful, Ar. Furat, sweet water
Europe, Grk. euros and ops, the broad face
Euxine, Grk. the hospitable, formerly axinos the inhospitable sea
Evesham, [76]
Evora, the ford, in Spain
Evreux, [9]
Exeter, [44]

Faenza, Lat. Faventia, the favoured
Fair Head and Fair Island, from farr, Scand. a sheep
Falaise, [78]
Falkirk, [116]
Famars, [77]
Fano, [76]
Fareham, [76]
Farnham, [79]
Faroe Islands, [71]
Faulhorn, [108]
Fazal, the beech-tree island, in the Azores
Femern, [11]
Fermanagh, Ir. the men of Monagh
Fermoy, the men of the plain
Fernando Po, named after the discoverer
Ferney, [77]
Ferns, [77]
Ferrara, [84]
Ferriby, [76]
Ferrol, Span. farol, the beacon
Fetlar Isle, [72]
Fez, Ar. fertile
Fife, said to be named from Feb, a Pictish chief
Figueras, Span. the fig-trees
Finisterre, Cape, and district, [190]
Finster-Aar-horn, [107]
Fintray and Fintry, [196]
Fishguard, [87]
Fiume, [81]
Flamborough Head, anc. Fleamburgh, the flame hill or beacon hill
Flèche, La, named from the lofty spire of the church of St. Thomas
Fleetwood, [81]
Flintshire, supposed to have derived its name from the abundance of quartz in the country
Flisk, the moist place, Gael. fleasg
Florence, Lat. Florentia, the flourishing
Florida, called by the Spaniards Pascua-Florida because discovered on Easter Sunday
Flushing, [81]
Fochabers, Gael. Faichaber, the plain of the confluence, but more anciently Beulath, the mouth of the ford
Foldvar, [81]
Folkstone, the people’s fortress, Lat. Lapis-populi
Fondi, [81]
Fontenay, [81]
Fontenoy, [81]
Fordyce, the south pasture
Forfar, supposed to have been named from a tribe, the Forestii
Forli, [83]
Formentara, abounding in grain
Formosa, Span. the beautiful
Forth R., Scot. Froch, and Welsh Werid
Fossano, [81]
Frankenstein, [181]
Frankfort, [83]
Frankfürt, [83]
Fraubrunnen, [32]
Frederickshald, [98]
Freiburg, [84]
Friesland, [122]
Frische Haff, [97]
Friuli, [84]
Fuentarrabia, [82]
Fühnen Isle or Odensey, [71]
Fulham, [100]
Funchal, a place abounding in funcho, Port. fennel
Fürth, [83]

Gainsborough, the town of the Ganii, a tribe
Galapago Isles, Span. the islands of the water tortoises
Galashiels, [170]
Galatia, [108]
Galicia, [108]
Galilee, Heb. a district
Galle, Point de, Cingalese, the rock promontory, galle
Galway, named from Gaillimh, rocky river, [86]
Ganges R., [86]
Garioch, [86]
Garonne R., [86]
Gateshead, [40]
Gaza, Ar. a treasury
Gebirge—v. BERG, [24]
Genappe, [89]
Geneva, [89]
Genoa, [90]
Georgia, named after George III.
Ghauts Mountains, [88]
Ghent, [89]
Giant’s Causeway, [49]
Gibraltar, [89]
Giessbach, the rushing brook
Girgeh, St. George’s town, on the Nile
Girvan R., the short stream
Giurgevo, St. George’s town
Glamorgan, Welsh Morganwg, i.e. Gwlad-Morgan, the territory of Morgan-Mawr, its king in the tenth century, [143]
Glarus, corrupt. from St. Hilarius, to whom the church was dedicated
Glogau, [92]
Gloucester, [44]
Gmünd, [89]
Goat Fell, [78]
Godalming, Godhelm’s meadow, in Surrey
Goes or Ter-Goes, at the R. Gosa
Gollnitz and Gollnow, [92]
Goole, [86]
Goritz, [93]
Gorlitz, [93]
Goslar, [122]
Göttingen, a patronymic
Gouda, on the R. Gouwe
Gower, Welsh Gwyr, a peninsula in Wales, sloping west from Swansea—it may signify the land of the sunset
Grabow, [93]
Gradentz, [94]
Gran, on the R. Gran
Grasmere, the lake of swine
Gratz, [94]
Gravelines, [93]
Gravesend, [93]
Greenland, [95]
Greenlaw, [123]
Greenock, [94]
Greenwich, [209]
Grenoble, [158]
Gretna Green, [102]
Grisnez, Cape, gray cape, [145]
Grisons, Ger. Graubünden, the gray league, so called from the dress worn by the Unionists in 1424
Grodno, [94]
Grongar—v. CAER, [38]
Gröningen, a patronymic
Grossenhain, [97]
Guadalquivir, [95]
Guadiana, [95]
Güben, Sclav. dove town
Gueret, Fr. land for tillage
Guienne, corrupt. from Aquitania
Gustrow, Sclav. guest town
Gwasanau, corrupt. from Hosannah, a place in North Wales. The name was given in allusion to the Victoria-Alleluiatica, fought on the spot in 420, between the Britons, headed by the Germans, and the Picts and Scots

Haarlem, [96]
Hadersleben, [124]
Haemus Mountain, [18]
Hague, The, [97]
Haguenau, [97]
Hainan, Chinese, south of the sea, corrupt. from Hai Lam
Hainault, [88]
Halicarnassus, Grk. Halikarnassos, sea horn place
Halifax, [103]
Halifax, Nova Scotia, named for the Earl of Halifax
Hall and Halle, [98]
Hamburg, [97]
Hameln, [99]
Hammerfest, [100]
Hampstead, [98]
Hankau or Hankow, the mouth of commerce, a city in China
Hanover, [150]
Harbottle, [27]
Harrogate, [88]
Hartlepool, [158]
Hartz Mountains, [101]
Harwich, [100]
Haselt, [101]
Hastings, A.S. Haestinga-ceaster, the camp of Hastings, a Danish pirate
Havana, the harbour
Havre, Le, [97]
Hawarden, Welsh, upon the hill
Hawes, [97]
Heboken, Ind. the smoked pipe, the spot in New Jersey at which the English settlers smoked the pipe of peace with the Indian chiefs
Hechingen, a patronymic.
Hedjas, the land of pilgrimage
Heidelberg, [24]
Heilbron, [32]
Heiligenstadt, [103]
Heligoland, [103]
Helvellyn, if Celtic, perhaps El-velin, the hill of Baal
Hems, probably named from Hms, the Egyptian name of Isis
Henly, Cym.-Cel. old place
Herat, anc. Aria-Civitas, the town on the Arius, now the R. Heri
Hereford, [82]
Hermon, the lofty peak
Herstal, [180]
Hesse, named from the Catti or Chatti
Himalaya Mountains, [123]
Hinckley, the horse’s meadow
Hindostan, [181]
Hindu Koosh Mountains, i.e. the Indian Caucasus
Hinojosa, Span. the place of fennel
Hirschberg, [105]
Hitchen, [100]
Hoang Ho, [105]
Hobart Town, named after one of the first settlers
Hohenlinden, [106]
Holland, [106]
Holstein, [174]
Holt, [107]
Holyhead, [103]
Holy Island, [103]
Holywell, [103]
Holywood, [103]
Homburg, [105]
Honduras, Span. deep water
Hong Kong, the place of fragrant streams
Hoorn, [107]
Hor, the mountain
Horeb, the desert
Horn, Cape, [107]
Horncastle, [107]
Horsham, [99]
Howden, [102]
Howth Head, [102]
Hudson R., named after Henry Hudson, who ascended the river A.D. 1607
Huelva, Basque Onoba, at the foot of the hill; and Ar. Wuebban, corrupt. to Huelva
Huesca, anc. Osca, the town of the Basques or Euscs
Hull, [117]
Hungary, Ger. Ungarn, the country of the Huns; Hung. Magyar-Orzag, the country of the Magyars
Huntingdon, hunter’s hill, or a patronymic
Hurdwar, [70]
Huron, Lake, from a tribe
Hurryhur, named from the goddess Hari or Vishnu
Hurst, [101]
Hythe, [105]

Ilfracombe, [54]
Illinois, named after the tribe Illini, i.e. the men; and ois, a tribe
Imaus, the snowy mountain
Inch—v. INNIS, [111]
Ingleborough Mountain, [24]
Inkermann, Turc. the place of caverns
Innerleithen, [112]
Innsbrück, at the bridge, on the R. Inn
Interlachen, [119]
Inverness, [112]
Iona or I, [108]
Iowa, the drowsy ones, a tribe name, U.S.
Ipswich, [209]
Ireland or Ierne, [108]
Irkutsk, [176]
Irrawädi, the great river
Iscanderoon, named after Alexander the Great
Iserlohn, [130]
Isla, in the Hebrides, named after Yula, a Danish princess who was buried there
Ispahan, Pers. the place of horses
Issoire, [70]
Issoudun, [69]
Ithaca, the strait or steep

Jabalon R., [112]
Jaffa or Joppa, Semitic, beauty
Jamaica, corrupt. from Xaymaca, the land of wood and water
Jamboli, Sclav. the city in the hollow
Janina, Sclav. John’s town
Jaroslav, named after its founder
Jassy, Sclav. the marshy place
Jauer, [113]
Java, [65]
Jersey, [71]
Jersey, in U.S., so named by Sir George Carteret, who had come from the Island of Jersey
Jerusalem, Semitic, the abode of peace
Joinville, [201]
Joppa—v. Jaffa, the beautiful
Jouare, anc. Ara-Jovis, the altar of Jove
Juggernaut, or more correctly Jagganatha, the Lord of the world—jacat, Sansc. the world, and natha, Lord
Juliers, [109]
Jumna R., named after Yamuna, a goddess
Jungfrau Mountain, Ger. the maiden or the fair one, so called from its spotless white
Jura Isle, Scand. Deor-oe, deer island
Jüterbogk, named for the Sclav. god of spring
Jutland, named from the Jutes

Kaffraria, Ar. the land of the Kafirs or unbelievers
Kaisarizeh, the mod. name of anc. Cæsarea
Kaiserlautern, [113]
Kalgan, Tartar, the gate, a town in China
Kampen, [35]
Kandy, splendour
Kansas, a tribe name
Karlsbad, [16]
Keith, Gael. the cloudy, from ceath, a cloud or mist
Kel and Kil—v. COILL or CILL
Kells, [48]
Kelso, [38]
Kempen, [40]
Ken—v. CEANN
Kendal, [60]
Kenmare, [46]
Kensington, the town of the Kensings
Kent, [45]
Kentucky, the dark and bloody ground
Kerry Co., Ir. Ciarraidhe, the district of the race of Ciar
Kettering, a patronymic
Kew, [107]
Khartoum, the promontory
Khelat, [114]
Kin—v. CEANN
Kinghorn, [45]
Kingsclere, [5]
King’s Co., named after Philip II. of Spain
Kingston, [147]
Kingussie, [45]
Kirkillisia, the forty churches in Turkey
Kirkintilloch, [38]
Kirkwall, [115]
Kishon R., i.e. the tortuous stream
Kissengen, a patronymic
Klagenfurt, [84]
Knock—v. CNOC
Königgratz, the king’s fortress
Kordofan, the white land
Koros R., Hung, the red river
Koslin, [118]
Kothendorf, [47]
Kralowitz, [118]
Kraszna R., beautiful river
Kremenetz, [118]
Kremnitz, [118]
Krishna or Kistna R., the black stream, in India
Kronstadt, [118]
Kulm, [47]
Kyle—v. CAOL

La Hogue, Cape, [102]
Laaland Isle, [119]
Labuan Isle, Malay, the anchorage
Laccadives, [65]
Laconia, [120]
Ladrone Isles, Span. the islands of thieves
Lagnieu, [120]
Lagos, [120]
Laguna, [120]
Lahr, [123]
Lambeth, [105]
Lambride, [121]
Lamlash, [120]
Lampeter, [121]
Lamsaki, anc. Lampsacus, the passage
Lanark, [121]
Land’s End—v. PEN
Landerneau, [121]
Langres, anc. Langone, named from the Lingones, a tribe
Languedoc, named from the use of the word oc, for yes, in their language, i.e. Langue-d’oc
Lannion, [121]
Laon, [130]
Larbert, named from a man of this name
Largo, [124]
Largs, [124]
Larissa, named after a daughter of Pelasgus
Lassa, the land of the Divine intelligence, the capital of Thibet
Latakia, corrupt. from anc. Laodicea
Latheron, [103]
Lauder, named from the R. Leader
Lauffen, [123]
Launceston, [121]
Laval, anc. Vallis-Guidonis, the valley of Guido
Lawrence R., so named because discovered on St. Laurence’s Day, 1535
Laybach or Laubach, [15]
Leam R., [125]
Leamington, [125]
Lebanon Mountain, [89]
Leeds, [125]
Leibnitz, [124]
Leighlin, [91]
Leighton-Buzzard, [21]
Leinster, [183]
Leipzig, [128]
Leith, named from the river at whose mouth it stands
Leitrim, [67]
Lemberg, [24]
Leobschütz, the place of the Leubuzi, a Sclavonic tribe
Leominster, [130]
Leon, anc. Legio, the station of the 7th Roman Legion
Lepanto, Gulf of, corrupt. from Naupactus, Grk. the ship station
Lerida, anc. Llerda, Basque, the town
Lesmahago, [128]
Letterkenny, [125]
Leuchars, the marshy land
Levant, Lat. the place of the sun-rising, as seen from Italy
Leven R., [124]
Lewes, Les ewes, the waters
Lewis Island, Scand. Lyodhuus, the wharf
Leyden, [69]
Liberia, the country of the free, colonised by emancipated slaves
Lichfield, [77]
Lidkioping, [47]
Liège, [125]
Liegnitz, [130]
Lifford, [25]
Ligny, a patronymic
Lille, [111]
Lilybaeum, Phœn. opposite Libya
Lima, corrupt. from Rimæ, the name of the river on which it stands and of a famous idol
Limbourg, [126]
Limerick, corrupt. from Lomnech, a barren spot; lom, bare
Limoges, anc. Lemovicum, the dwelling of the Lemovici
Linares, Span. flax fields
Lincoln, [53]
Lindesnaes, [126]
Lindores, in Fife, probably a corruption of Lann-Tours, being the seat of an anc. Abbey of Tours, founded by David, Earl of Huntingdon
Linkioping, [47]
Linlithgow, [127]
Lisbellaw, [128]
Lisbon, [104]
Lisieux, in France, Lat. Noviomagus, the new field, subsequently named from the Lexovii
Liskeard, [128]
Lissa, [125]
Liverpool, [158]
Livno, Livny, Livonia, named from the Liefs, a Ugrian tribe
Llanerch-y-medd, the place of honey, in Wales
Llanos, Span. the level plains
Lochaber, [3]
Lockerby, [37]
Lodi, anc. Laus-Pompeii
Logie, [120]
Lombardy, the country of the Longobardi, so called from a kind of weapon which they used
London, [64]
Londonderry, [61]
Longford, [83]
Longniddrie—v. LLAN, [122]
Loop Head, [123]
Lorca, [109]
Loretto, named from Lauretta, a lady who gave the site for a chapel at that place
L’Orient, so named from an establishment of the East India Company at the place in 1666
Lorn, Gael. Labhrin, named after one of the Irish colonists from Dalriada
Lossie R., [1]
Loughill, Ir. Leamchoil, the elm-wood
Louisiana, named after Louis XIV. of France
Louisville, [201]
Louth, in Lincoln, named from the R. Ludd
Louth Co., Ir. Lugh Magh, the field of Lugh
Louvain, Ger. Löwen, the lion, named after a person called Leo
Lowestoft, [192]
Lubeck, [128]
Luben, [128]
Lublin, [128]
Lucca, anc. Luca—v. LUCUS
Lucena, Basque Lucea, the long town
Lucerne, named from a lighthouse or beacon, lucerna, formerly placed on a tower in the middle of the R. Rheus
Lucknow, corrupt. from the native name Laksneanauti, the fortunate
Ludlow, [123]
Ludwigslust, [131]
Lugano, [119]
Lugo, [130]
Lugos, [130]
Lund, [131]
Lurgan, Ir. the low ridge
Luxembourg, [131]
Luxor, corrupt. from El-Kasur, the palaces
Lycus R., Grk. leukos
Lyme, in Kent, anc. Kainos-limen, Grk. the new haven
Lyme-Regis, on the R. Lyme
Lyons, [69]

Macao, in China, where there was a temple sacred to an idol named Ama. The Portuguese made it Amagoa, the bay of Ama, corrupted first to Amacao and then to Macao
Madeira, Port. the woody island
Madras, [153]
Madrid, anc. Majerit, origin unknown, but perhaps from Madarat, Ar. a city
Maelawr, from mael, Welsh, mart, and lawr, ground, a general name for places in Wales where trade could be carried on without any hindrance from diversity of races.—James’s Welsh Names of Places
Maestricht, [66]
Magdala, Semitic, a watch-tower in Abyssinia
Magdala, in Saxe-Weimar, on the R. Midgel
Magor, corrupt. from Magwyr, Welsh, a ruin, the name of a railway station near Chepstow
Maidenhead, [105]
Maidstone, [181]
Main R., [132]
Maine, in France, named from the Cenomani
Mainland, [132]
Malabar Coast, or Malaywar, the hilly country
Malacca, named from the tree called Malacca
Malaga, Phœn. malac, salt, named from its trade in salt
Malakoff, named after a sailor of that name who established a public-house there
Maldives Islands, [65]
Maldon, [69]
Mallow, [132]
Malpas, Fr. the difficult pass
Malta, Phœn. Melita, a place of refuge
Malvern, [139]
Mancha, La, Span. a spot of ground covered with weeds
Manchester, [44]
Manfredonia, named after Manfred, King of Naples, by whom it was built
Mangalore, named after an Indian deity
Mangerton Mountain, in Ireland, corrupt. from Mangartach, i.e. the mountain covered with mang, a long hairlike grass
Mans, Le, named after the Cenomani
Mansorah, in Egypt, the victorious
Mantinea, Grk. the place of the prophet or oracle, mantis
Mantua, [133]
Manzanares, Span. the apple-tree orchard
Maracaybo, [143]
Maranao, Span. a place overgrown with weeds
Marathon, a place abounding in fennel, marathos
Marazion, [84]
Marburg, [134]
March, [134]
Marchena, the marshy land
Marengo, [136]
Margarita, the island of pearls
Margate, [88]
Marienwerder, [205]
Marlow, Great, [136]
Marmora, Sea of, named from an adjacent island, celebrated for its marble, marmor
Marnoch, Co. Banff, named from St. Marnoch
Maros R., [136]
Maros-Vasarhely, [103]
Marquesas Isles, named after Marquis Mendoza, Viceroy of Peru, who originated the voyage through which they were discovered
Marsala, [135]
Maryland, named after the queen of Charles I.
Mathern, corrupt. from Merthyr, the martyr, the name of a church near Chepstow, built in memory of Fewdrig, King of Gwent, who died on its site as he was returning wounded from a battle against the Saxons
Mathravel, the land of apples, one of the ancient provinces into which Wales was divided
Matlock, [130]
Mauritius, discovered by the Portuguese in 1505, visited by the Dutch in 1596, who named it after Prince Maurice of the Netherlands. From 1713 till 1810 it belonged to the French, who called it Isle of France
May Island, [132]
Maynooth, [132]
Mayo, the plain of yew-trees
Mazzara, Phœn. the castle
Mazzarino, the little castle
Mearns, corrupt. from Maghgkerkkin, the plain of Kerkin
Meaux, named from the Meldi
Mecklenburg, [137]
Medellin, named after its founder, Metellus, the Roman consul
Medina, [135]
Mediterranean Sea, [138]
Meiningen, [132]
Meissen, on the R. Meissa
Melbourne, named after Lord Melbourne in 1837
Meldrum, [67]
Melrose, [139]
Melun, [69]
Memmingen, a patronymic
Memphis or Memphe, i.e. Ma-m-Phthah, the place of the Egyptian god Phthah
Menai Strait, anc. Sruth-monena
Menam, the mother of waters, a river of Siam
Mendip Hills, i.e. mune-duppe, rich in mines
Mentone, It. the chin, on a point of lead
Merida, Lat. Augusta Emerita, the town of the emeriti or veterans, founded by Emperor Augustus
Merioneth, named after Merion, a British saint
Merthyr-Tydvil, named after the daughter of an ancient British king
Meseritz, [138]
Meshed, Ar. the mosque
Mesolonghi or Missolonghi, [119]
Mesopotamia, [138]
Metz, named from the Meomatrici, a tribe
Michigan Lake, Ind. great lake, or the weir, or fish-trap, from its shape
Middelburg, [138]
Midhurst, [138]
Miklos, [137]
Milan, [115]
Milton, [144]
Minnesota R., the sky-coloured water
Miramichi, Ind. happy retreat
Mirgorod, [138]
Mississippi R., Ind. the father of waters
Missouri, Ind. the muddy stream
Mitrovicz or Mitrovitz, [152]
Mittau, named from Mita, a Sclav. deity
Modena, Lat. Mutina, the fortified place
Moffat, the foot of the moss
Mogadore, named after a saint whose tomb is on an island off the coast
Moguer, Ar. the caves
Mohawk R., named from a tribe
Moidart or Moydart, [132]
Mola, It. the mound, anc. Turres-Juliani, the town of Julian
Mold, [142]
Monaghan, Ir. Muneachain, a place abounding in little hills
Monaster, [138]
Monasterevin, [138]
Monda, [142]
Mondego, [142]
Monena, the river or sea of Mona
Monmouth, at the mouth of the Mynwy, i.e. the border river, from which it took its ancient name
Montgomery, [142]
Montrose, [168]
Moravia, [136]
Morayshire, [119]
Morbihan, [119]
Morecambe Bay, [39]
Morocco, the country of the Moors, [22]
Morpeth, [143]
Morven, [143]
Morvern, [143]
Moscow, [142]
Moulins, [141]
Mourne Mountains, [142]
Moy, Moyne, [132]
Muhlhausen, [141]
Mull Island, [145]
Münden, [140]
Munich, [140]
Munster, in Germany, [138]
Munster, in Ireland, [138]
Murcia, [134]
Murviedro, [145]
Muscat or Meschid, Ar. the tomb of a saint
Muthil, [143]
Mysore, corrupt. from Mahesh-Asura, the name of a buffalo-headed monster, said to have been destroyed by the goddess Kali

Naas, Ir. a fair or place of meeting
Nablous, [158]
Nagore, na-gara, Sansc. a city
Nagpore, [160]
Nagy-Banja, [18]
Nagy-Koros, [146]
Nairn, on the R. Nairn, anc. Ainear-nan, east-flowing river
Nancy, [146]
Nankin, Chinese, the southern capital
Nantes, [146]
Nantwich, [146]
Naples, [158]
Narbonne, named from the Narbonenses
Naseby, the town on the cape
Nashville, named from Colonel Nash
Nassau, [146]
Natal, Colony, so named because discovered on Christmas Day, Dies-natalis, by Vasco de Gama in 1498
Natchez, a tribe name
Naumburg, [148]
Naupactus, the place of ships
Nauplia, a sea-port, from the Grk. naus, a ship, and pleos, full
Navan, Ir. n’Eamhain, literally the neck brooch, so named from a legend connected with the foundation of an ancient palace there
Navarre, [147]
Naxos, the floating island
Naze, Cape, [145]
Nebraska, Ind. the shallow river
Nedjed, Ar. the elevated country
Negropont, [159]
Neilgherry Hills, [90]
Nemours, the place of the sacred grove, nemus
Nenagh, [74]
Ness, Loch and R., [73]
Neston, [73]
Netherlands, [147]
Neusatz, [148]
Neusohl, [148]
Neuwied, [148]
Nevada Mountains—v. SIERRA, [175]
Nevers, anc. Nivernum and Noviodunum, the new fort or the R. Nièvre
Neviansk, on the R. Neva
Newark, [206]
Newcastle, [43]
Newport, [156]
New Ross, [167]
Newry, Ir. Iubhar-cinn-tragha, the yew-tree at the head of the strand
New York, named after the Duke of York, brother of Charles II.
Niagara, corrupt. from Oni-aw-ga-rah, the thunder of waters
Nicastro, new camp
Nicopoli, [158]
Nijni Novgorod, [148]
Nile R., native name Sihor, the blue, called by the Jews Nile, the stream
Nimeguen, [133]
Nimes or Nismes, [147]
Ningpo, the repose of the waves
Niphon Mount, the source of light
Nippissing, a tribe name
Nogent, [149]
Noirmoutier, [138]
Nola, [148]
Nombre-de-dios, the name of God, a city of Mexico
Nörrkoping, [47]
Northumberland, [149]
Norway, [149]
Nova Scotia, so named in concession to Sir William Alexander, a Scotsman, who settled there in the reign of James II. It was named Markland by its Norse discoverer, Eric the Red
Nova Zembla, [148]
Noyon, anc. Noviodunum, the new fort
Nubia, Coptic, the land of gold
Nuneaton, the nun’s town, on the R. Ea, in Warwickshire, the seat of an ancient priory
Nurnberg, [24]
Nyassa and Nyanza, the water
Nyborg, [148]
Nyköping or Nykobing, [47]
Nystadt, [148]

Oakham, [5]
Oban, Gael. the little bay
Ochill Hills, [198]
Ochiltree, [198]
Odensee, [71]
Oeta Mount, sheep mountain
Ofen or Buda, [33]
Ohio, beautiful river, called by the French La Belle rivière
Oldenburg, [7]
Olekminsk, [176]
Olympus Mountain, the shining
Omagh, Omeha, named from a tribe
Omsk, [176]
Oosterhout, [107]
Oporto, [156]
Oppeln, the town on the R. Oppo
Oppido, Lat. Oppidum
Orange, anc. Arausione, the town on the R. Araise
Orange R. and Republic, named after Maurice, Prince of Orange
Oregon R., from the Span. organa, wild marjoram
Orellana R., named from its discoverer
Orissa, named from a tribe
Orkney Islands, [111]
Orleans, corrupt. from Aurelianum, named after the Emperor Aurelian
Orme’s Head, Norse ormr, a serpent, from its shape
Ormskirk, [125]
Orvieto, [199]
Osborne, named after the Fitz-Osborne family
Oschatz, Sclav. Osada, the colony
Osimo, [199]
Osnabrück, [31]
Ossa Mountain, Grk. the watch-tower
Ostend, [74]
Ostia, Lat. the place at the river’s mouth, Os
Oswestry, [57]
Othrys, the mountain with the overhanging brow, Grk. othrus
Otranto, anc. Hydruntum, a place almost surrounded by water, ùdor, Grk.
Ottawa, a tribe name
Ottawa R., a tribe name
Oudenarde, [7]
Oudh or Awadh, corrupt. from Ayodha, the invincible
Oulart, corrupt. from Abhalgort, Ir. apple field
Oundle, [60]
Ouro-preto, [160]
Ouse R., [198]
Overyssel R., [150]
Oviedo is said to have derived this name from the Rivers Ove and Divo. Its Latin name was Lucus-Asturum, the grove of the Asturians
Owyhee, the hot place

Paderborn, [32]
Padstow, [183]
Paestum, anc. Poseidonia, the city of Poseidon or Neptune
Palamcotta, [55]
Palermo, corrupt. from Panormus, Grk. the spacious harbour
Palestine, the land of the Philistines, strangers; from Crete, who occupied merely a strip of the country on the coast, and yet gave their own name to the whole land
Palma, the palm-tree
Palmas, Lat. the palm-trees
Palmyra or Tadmor, the city of palms
Pampeluna or Pamplona, [158]
Panama Bay, the bay of mud fish
Panjab or Punjaub, [2]
Paraguay, [153]
Parahyba, [153]
Paramaribo, [144]
Parapamisan Mountains, the flat-topped hills
Parchim, [153]
Paris, [130]
Parsonstown, named for Sir William Parsons, who received a grant of the land on which the town stands, with the adjoining estate, from James II. in 1670
Passau, [44]
Patagonia, so called from the clumsy shoes of its native inhabitants
Patna, [153]
Paunton, [159]
Pays de Vaud, [200]
Peebles, anc. Peblis, Cym.-Cel. the tents or sheds
Peel, [153]
Peiho R., [105]
Pe-king, Chinese, the northern capital
Pe-ling Mountains, the northern mountains
Pelion, the clayey mountains, pelos, Grk. clay
Pella, the stony
Pembroke, [30]
Penicuik, [154]
Pennsylvania, named after William Penn, whose son had obtained a grant of forest land in compensation for £16,000 which the king owed to his father
Pentland Hills, corrupt. from the Pictsland Hills
Penzance, [154]
Perekop, the rampart
Perigord, named from the Petrocorii
Perm, anc. Biarmaland, the country of the Biarmi
Pernambuco, the mouth of hell, so called from the violent surf at the mouth of its harbour
Pernau, [126]
Pershore, [130]
Perth, [19]
Perthddu, Welsh, the black brake or brushwood, in Wales
Perugia, [152]
Peshawur, the advanced fortress
Pesth, [150]
Peterhead, [112]
Peterwarden, the fortress of Peter the Hermit
Petra, the stony
Petropaulovski, the port of Peter and Paul
Pforzheim, [135]
Philadelphia, the town of brotherly love, in America
Philippi, named after Philip of Macedon
Philippine Isles, named after Philip II. of Spain
Philipstown, in Ireland, named after Philip, the husband of Queen Mary
Phocis, the place of seals
Phœnice, either the place of palms or the Phœnician settlement
Phœnix Park, in Dublin, [80]
Piedmont, the foot of the mountain
Pietermaritzburg, named after two Boer leaders
Pillau, [153]
Pisgah Mountain, the height
Pittenweem, [157]
Pittsburg, named after William Pitt
Placentia, Lat. the pleasant place
Plassy, named from a grove of a certain kind of tree
Plattensee or Balaton, [173]
Plenlimmon Mountain, Welsh, the mountain with five peaks
Plock, or Plotsk, [26]
Ploermel, [157]
Podgoricza, [157]
Poictiers, named from the Pictones
Poland, Sclav. the level land
Polynesia, [112]
Pomerania, [143]
Pondicherri, Tamil, the new village
Pontoise, [159]
Poole, [158]
Popocatepetl Mountain, the smoking mountain
Portrush, [168]
Portugal, [156]
Potenza, Lat. Potentia, the powerful
Potsdam, [157]
Powys, the name of an ancient district in North Wales, signifying a place of rest
Pozoblanco, [161]
Prague, Sclav. Prako, the threshold
Prato-Vecchio, [160]
Prenzlow, the town of Pribislav, a personal name
Presburg or Brezisburg, the town of Brazilaus
Prescot, [55]
Presteign and Preston, [194]
Privas, anc. Privatium Castra, the fortress not belonging to the state, but private property
Prossnitz, on the R. Prosna
Providence, in U.S., so named by Roger Williams, who was persecuted by the Puritan settlers in Massachusetts because he preached toleration in religion, and was obliged to take refuge at that place, to which, in gratitude to God, he gave this name
Prussia, the country of the Pruezi
Puebla, Span. a town or village
Puebla-de-los-Angelos, the town of the angels, so called from its fine climate
Puenta-de-la-Reyna, [159]
Puerto, the harbour
Pulo-Penang, [161]
Puozzuoli, [161]
Puy-de-dome, [156]
Pwlhelli, [159]
Pyrenees Mountains, named either from the Basque pyrge, high, or from the Celtic pyr, a fir-tree
Pyrmont, [142]

Quang-se, the western province, in China
Quang-tung, the eastern province
Quatre-Bras, Fr. the four arms, i.e. at the meeting of four roads
Quebec, in Canada, named after Quebec in Brittany, the village on the point
Queensberry, [24]
Queen’s County, named after Queen Mary
Queensferry, [76]
Queensland and Queenstown, named after Queen Victoria
Quimper, [53]
Quimper-lé, [53]
Quita, the deep ravine

Radnorshire, [165]
Radom and Radomka, named after the Sclav. deity Ratzi
Rajputana, [163]
Ramgunga, [86]
Ramnaggur, ram’s fort
Ramsgate, [88]
Randers, [162]
Raphoe, [163]
Rapidan R., named after Queen Anne
Rappahannock R., Ind. the river of quick-rising waters
Rastadt, [163]
Ratibor, [28]
Ratisbon, Sclav. the fortress on the R. Regen, Ger. Regena Castra or Regensburg
Ravenna, [79]
Rayne, Gael. raon, a plain, a parish in Aberdeenshire
Reading, a patronymic
Redruth, in Cornwall, in old deeds, Tre-Druith, the dwelling of the Druids
Reeth, on the stream, rith
Rega R., [164]
Reichenbach, [15]
Reichenhall, [98]
Reigate, [88]
Reims or Rheims, named for the Remi, a tribe
Remscheid, [171]
Renaix, corrupt. from Hrodnace, the town of Hrodno
Renfrew, [162]
Rennes, named from the Rhedoni, a tribe
Resht, Ar. headship
Resolven, Welsh Rhiw, Scotch maen, the brow of the stonehead, in Glamorganshire
Reculver, in Kent, corrupt. from Regoluion, the point against the waves
Retford, [166]
Reutlingen, a patronymic
Revel, named from two small islands near the town, called reffe, the sand-banks
Reykiavik or Reikiavik, [209]
Rhine R. and Rhone R., [164]
Rhode Island, [74]
Rhodes and Rosas, in Spain, named from the Rhodians, a Grecian tribe
Rhyddlan or Rhuddlan, Cym.-Cel. the red church
Rhyl, the cleft, a watering-place in North Wales
Rhymni, the marshy land, in Monmouthshire, on a river called the Rhymni, from the nature of the land through which it flows—v. Romney, at EA, [71]
Riga, [126]
Ringwood, in Hants, the wood of the Regni
Rio-de-Janeiro, [164]
Ripon, [167]
Ritzbuttel, [27]
Rive-de-Gier, [166]
Rivoli, [166]
Rochdale, the valley of the R. Roche
Rochefort, [167]
Rochelle, [167]
Rochester, [167]
Roermonde, [140]
Romania or Roumilli, [109]
Romans, anc. Romanum-Monasterium, the monastery of the Romans, founded by St. Bernard
Rome, perhaps named from the groma, or four cross roads that at the forum formed the nucleus of the city
Romorantin, [166]
Roncesvalles, [200]
Roque, La, Cape, the rock
Roscommon, [167]
Roscrea, [167]
Rosetta, anc. Ar. Rasched, headship
Ross, in Hereford, [165]
Rossbach, the horse’s brook
Ross-shire, [168]
Rothenburg, [165]
Rotherham, [165]
Rotherthurm, [165]
Rothesay, the isle of Rother, the ancient name of Bute
Rotterdam, [60]
Rouen, [133]
Rousillon, named from the ancient town of Ruscino, a Roman colony
Roveredo, Lat. Roboretum, a place planted with oaks, in Tyrol
Row, in Dumbartonshire, from rubha, Gael. a promontory running into the sea
Roxburgh, [167]
Ruabon, corrupt. from Rhiw-Mabon-Sant, the ascent of St. Mabon, in North Wales
Rudgeley or Rugely, [166]
Rugen, named from the Rugii
Runcorn, [45]
Runnymede, [132]
Rushbrook and Rushford, [167]
Russia, named from the Rossi, a tribe of Norsemen in the ninth century
Ruthin and Rhuddlan, [165]
Rutland, [165]
Rybinsk, [168]
Ryde, [167]
Ryswick, [168]

Saale R., [169]
Saarbrück, [31]
Saar-Louis, [12]
Sabor, [28]
Sabor R., [28]
Saffron Walden, [202]
Sagan, Sclav. behind the road
Sahara, [176]
Saida or Sidon, Semitic, fish town
Saintes, named from the Santones
Salamanca, [169]
Salem, in U.S., intended by the Puritans to be a type of the New Jerusalem
Salford, [169]
Salins, [169]
Salisbury, [35]
Salonica, corrupt. from Thessalonica
Salop, contracted from Sloppesbury, the Norman corruption of Scrobbesbury, the town among shrubs, now Shrewsbury—v. [34]
Saltcoats, [55]
Salzburg, [169]
Samarcand, said to have been named after Alexander the Great
Samaria, the town of Shemir
Samos, Phœn. the lofty
Sandwich, [209]
Sangerhausen—v. SANG
Sanquhar, [172]
San Salvador, the Holy Saviour, the first land descried by Columbus, and therefore named by him from the Saviour, who had guarded him in so many perils
San Sebastian, the first Spanish colony founded in South America
Santa Cruz, [57]
Santa Fé, the city of the holy faith, founded by Queen Isabella after the siege of Granada
Santander, named after St. Andrew
Saragossa, corrupt. from Cæsarea Augusta; its Basque name was Saluba, the sheep’s ford
Sarawak, Malay Sarakaw, the cove
Sarnow, [212]
Saskatchewan, swift current, a river in British North America
Saul, in Gloucester—v. SALH, [169]
Saul, Co. Down—v. SABHALL, [168]
Saumur, anc. Salmurium, the walled building
Saxony, [170]
Scala-nova, [39]
Scalloway, [170]
Scarborough, [175]
Scawfell Mountain, [78]
Schaffhausen, [102]
Schemnitz, [114]
Schichallion Mountain, Gael. Ti-chail-linn, the maiden’s pap
Schleswick, [209]
Schmalkalden, [171]
Schotturen, the Scotch Vienna, a colony of Scottish monks having settled there
Schreckhorn Mountain, [107]
Schweidnitz, Sclav. the place of the cornel-tree
Schweinfurt, the ford of the Suevi
Schwerin, [172]
Scilly Islands, the islands of the rock, siglio
Scinde, the country of the R. Indus or Sinde
Scratch meal Scar, in Cumberland—v. SKAER, [175]
Scutari, in Albania, corrupt. from Scodra, hill town
Scutari, in Turkey, from Uskudar, Pers. a messenger, having been in remote periods, what it is to this day, a station for Asiatic couriers
Sebastopol, [158]
Sedlitz, [174]
Segovia, anc. Segubia, probably the plain on the river-bend; ce, a plain, and gubia, a bend
Selby, [173]
Selinga, [173]
Semipalatinsk, [152]
Senlis, [173]
Sens, named from the Senones
Seringapatam, [153]
Settle, [173]
Seville, Phœn. Sephala, a marshy plain
Sevres, named from the two rivers which traverse it, anc. Villa Savara
Shamo, Chinese, the desert
Shan—v. SEANN, [172]
Shanghai, supreme court
Shansi, west of the mountain
Shantung, east of the mountain
Sherborne, [172]
Shetland Islands, [104]
Shields, [170]
Shiraz, [174]
Shirvan, said to have been named after Nieshirvan, a king of Persia
Shotover, corrupt. from Chateauvert, green castle
Shrewsbury—v. Salop
Sicily, named from the Siculi, a tribe
Sidlaw Hills, fairy hills—v. SIDH
Sidon—v. Saida, in Index.
Silesia, Sclav. Zlezia, the bad land
Silhet or Sirihat, the rich market
Silloth Bay, perhaps herring bay, sil, Norse, a herring, and lod, a bundle of fishing lines
Sion or Sitten, [174]
Sion, Mount, the upraised
Skagen, Cape, [176]
Skager-rack, [176]
Skaw Cape, [176]
Skipton, [176]
Skye Island, Gael. Ealan-skianach, the winged island
Slamanan, [177]
Sligo, named from the R. Sligeach, shelly water
Sluys, [171]
Slyne Head, [46]
Snäfell Mountain, [78]
Snaith, [177]
Snowdon Mountain, [70]
Socotra, [65]
Soissons, named from the Suessiones
Sokoto, the market-place
Soleure, corrupt. from St. Ours or Ursinus, to whom the church was dedicated
Solway Firth, according to Camden, was named from a small village in Scotland called Solam
Somerset, [173]
Sommariva, the summit of the bank
Somogy, Hung. the place of cornel-trees
Sophia, Grk. wisdom, dedicated to the second person of the Trinity
Sorbonne, named from Robert de Sorbonne, almoner of St. Louis
Söst or Soest, [174]
Soudan—v. BELED
Southampton, [194]
Southwark, [206]
Souvigny, [173]
Spa, [82]
Spalatro, [152]
Sparta, Grk. the sowed land or the place of scattered houses
Spires or Speyer, named from the R. Speyerbach
Spitzbergen, [156]
Spurn Head, the look-out cape, from spyrian, to look out
St. Alban’s Head, corrupt. from St. Aldhelm’s Head
St. Andrews, so named from a tradition that the bones of St. Andrew were brought to that place by St. Regulus: formerly called Mucros, the boar’s headland, and then Kilrymont, the church or cell of the king’s mount
St. Cloud for St. Hloddwald
St. David’s, in Wales, Welsh Ty-Ddewi—v. TY
St. Heliers for St. Hilarius
St. Omer for St. Awdomar
Stadel, etc., [179]
Staffa, [180]
Staines, [181]
Stamboul, [158]
Stanislaus, named after Stanislaus of Poland
Stantz, [181]
Stargard, [182]
Starodub, [182]
Startpoint, [182]
Stavropol, [158]
Stellenbosch, [36]
Stepney, [105]
Stetten, Sclav. Zytyn, the place of green corn
Stirling, Cym.-Cel. Ystrevelyn, the town of the Easterlings, from Flanders
Stockholm, [106]
Stockport, [184]
Stockton, [184]
Stoke, [183]
Stolpe, [184]
Stonehaven, [97]
Stow-market, [183]
Stradbally, [184]
Stralsund, [185]
Strasbourg, [184]
Strehlitz, [184]
Striegau or Cziska, Sclav. the place on the small stream, tschuga
Stulweissenburg—v. FEHER
Stuttgard, [87]
Styria or Steyermark, the boundary of the R. Steyer
Sudetic Mountains, [185]
Suez, the mouth or opening
Suffolk, [185]
Sumatra, corrupt. from Trimatra, the happy
Sunderbunds, corrupt. from Sundari-vana, so called from the forest, vana, of Sundari-trees
Sunderland, [186]
Surat, i.e. Su-rashta, the good country
Surrey, [164]
Susa, a city of ancient Persia, so called from the lilies in its neighbourhood; susa, a lily
Sussex, [170]
Sutherlandshire, [185]
Sviatoi-nos, [146]
Swan R., so named from the number of black swans seen by the first discoverer
Swansea, [71]
Sweden, [164]
Sydney, named after a governor of the colony
Syria—v. BELED, [20]
Szent-kercsyt, [186]
Szentes, for saint, [186]

Tabriz, anc. Taurus, the mountain town
Tagus or Tejo R., Phœn. the fish river
Tain, [190]
Takhtapul, the throne city, the seat of the Turkish Afghan government
Takht-i-Soliman, the throne of Solomon, being the highest of the Solomon Mountains
Talavera, [29]
Tamsai, fresh water town, in China
Tananarivo, the city of one thousand towns, the capital of Madagascar
Tanderagee, Ir. Ton-legœith, the place with its back to the wind
Tanjier, Phœn. the city protected by God
Tanjore, corrupt. from Tanjavur, derived from its ancient name Tanja-Nagaram, the city of refuge
Tarazona, [199]
Tarifa, named after a Moorish chief
Tarnopol, [187]
Tarporley, [126]
Tarragona, anc. Tarraco, Phœn. Tarchon, the citadel or palace
Tarsus, Phœn. the strong place
Tasmania, named after Abel Tasman, who discovered it in 1642. It was called Van Diemen’s Land in honour of the Governor-General of the Dutch East India Company
Taurus Mountain, [196]
Tavistock, [184]
Tay R., [187]
Tcherniz, [212]
Teflis, [189]
Teltown, Ir. Tailten, where Taillte, the daughter of the King of Spain, was buried
Temeswar, Hung. the fortress on the R. Temes
Temisconata, the wonder of water, a county and lake in Canada
Temple, a parish in Mid-Lothian, where there was an establishment for the Templars or Red Friars, founded by David I.
Tennessee R., the spoon-shaped river, so called from its curve
Tenterden, [62]
Teramo, [14]
Terni, [14]
Terranova, [189]
Texas, Ind. hunting ground
Tezcuco, Mexican, the place of detention
Thames R., [187]
Thannheim, [187]
Thapsus, the passage
Thaxsted, [180]
Thebes, in Egypt, Taba, the capital
Thermia, Grk. the place of warm springs, in Sicily
Thermopylæ, the defile of the warm springs
Thian-shan, Chinese, the celestial mountains
Thian-shan-nan-loo, the country south of the celestial mountains
Thian-shan-pe-loo, the country north of the celestial mountains
Thibet, supposed to be a corrupt. of Thupo, the country of the Thou, a people who founded an empire there in the sixth century
This or Abou-This, i.e. the city of This, corrupted by the Greeks into Abydos
Thouars, [12]
Thrace, Grk. the rough land, trachus
Thun, [69]
Thurgau, [88]
Thurles, [128]
Thurso, [1]
Tiber R., [192]
Tideswell, [161]
Tierra-del-Fuego, [189]
Tillicoultry, [198]
Tilsit or Tilzela, at the conf. of the R. Tilzele with the Memel
Tinnevelly, corrupt. from Trinavali, one of the names of Vishnu
Tinto Hill, [189]
Tipperary, [192]
Tiree Island, [189]
Tiverton, [83]
Tlascala, Mexican, the place of bread
Tobermory, [192]
Tobolsk, [176]
Todmorden, corrupt. from Todmare-dean, the valley of the foxes’ mere or marsh
Tomantoul, [192]
Tomsk, [176]
Tongres, [186]
Tonquin, Chinese Tang-king, the eastern capital
Toome—v. TUAIM, [197]
Töplitz, Neu and Alt
Torgau, [195]
Torquay, [195]
Torres Straits, named after one of Magalhaen’s lieutenants
Torres-Vedras, [195]
Torquemada, [195]
Tory Island, [195]
Toul and Toulouse, [50]
Toulon, anc. Telonium or Telo Martius, named after its founder
Tourcoing, [195]
Tours, [196]
Towie and Tough, parishes in Aberdeenshire, from Gael, tuath, the north
Trafalgar, [90]
Tralee, [196]
Tranent, [197]
Transylvania, [173]
Trapani, anc. Drapanum, the sickle, Grk. drepanon
Tras-os-Montes, [142]
Traun R., [196]
Traunik, [196]
Traunviertel, [196]
Trave R., [196]
Trebizond, Grk. trapezus, the table, so called from its form
Trent, anc. Civitas-Tridentium, the town of the Tridenti
Trêves, named from the Treviri, a tribe
Trichinapalli, the town of the giant Trisira
Trim, at the elder-tree, [197]
Trinidad, so named by Columbus from its three peaks, emblematic of the Holy Trinity
Tring, a patronymic
Tripoli, [158]
Tripolitza, [158]
Trolhätta Fall, Goth. the abyss of the trolls or demons
Trondhjem or Drontheim
Troon, [178]
Troppau, i.e. Zur-Oppa, on the R. Oppa
Troyes, named from the Tricasses
Truro, [197]
Truxillo, in Spain, corrupt. from Turris-Julii, Julius’s tower
Tuam, [197]
Tubingen, anc. Diowingen, probably a patronymic
Tudela, anc. Tutela, the watch-tower
Tullamore, [197]
Tulle, anc. Tutela, the watch-tower
Tullow, [197]
Turin, anc. Augusta-Taurinorum, named from the Taurini, i.e. dwellers among hills
Tweed R., Brit. tuedd, a border
Tyndrum, [188]
Tynron, [188]
Tyre, [196]
Tyrnau, on the R. Tyrnau
Tyrone, [189]
Tzerna or Czerna R., [212]
Tzernagora, [212]

Udny, a parish in Aberdeenshire, i.e. Wodeney, from the Saxon god Woden
Uist, North and South, Scand. Vist, an abode
Uj-hely, Hung. new place
Ukraine, Sclav. the frontier or boundary
Ulleswater, [206]
Ulm or Ulma, the place of elm-trees
Ulster, [183]
Unst Island, anc. Ornyst, Scand. the eagle’s nest
Unyamuezi, the land of the moon
Upsala, [169]
Ural Mountains and R., Tartar, the belt or girdle
Usedom, the Germanised form of Huzysch, Sclav. the place of learning
Usk R., [198]
Utrecht, [66]

Valais, [199]
Valence, in France, and
Valencia, in Spain, anc. Valentia, the powerful
Valenciennes and Valenza, or Valence, said to have been named after the Emperor Valentinian
Valentia Island, in Ireland, Ir. Dearbhre, the oak wood
Valetta, in Malta, named after the Grand Master of the Knights of St. John in 1566
Valparaiso, [200]
Van Diemen’s Land, named after Maria Van Diemen by Tasman
Vannes, named from the Veneti
Varna, Turc. the fortress
Varosvar, [200]
Vasarhely, [103]
Vaucluse, [200]
Vaud, Pays de, [200]
Velekaja R., [200]
Vendée, La, and
Vendôme, named from the Veneti
Venezuela, little Venice, so called from an Indian village constructed on piles, discovered by the Spaniards
Venice, [79]
Venloo, [79]
Ventnor, [150]
Ventry, [196]
Verdun and Verden, [69]
Vermont, green mountain
Vevey, anc. Vibiscum, on the R. Vip
Viborg, [201]
Vick, [210]
Vienna, Ger. Wien, on the R. Wien, an affluent of the Danube
Viesti, named from a temple dedicated to Vesta
Vigo, [209]
Vimeira, Port. the place of osiers, vime
Vincennes, anc. Ad-Vicenas
Virginia, named after Queen Elizabeth
Vistula or Wisla, the west-flowing river
Vitré, corrupt. from Victoriacum, the victorious
Vitry, the victorious, founded by Francis I.
Vladimir, founded by the ducal family of that name in the twelfth century
Vogelberg, the hill of birds
Volga, the great water
Volhynia, Sclav. the plain
Voorburg, [84]
Voralberg, i.e. in front of the Arlberg ridge
Vukovar, the fortress on the R. Vuka

Wakefield, [206]
Walcherin Island, [204]
Waldeck, [202]
Walden, Saffron, [202]
Wales, [203]
Wallachia, [204]
Wallendorf, [204]
Wallenstadt, [204]
Wallingford, [203]
Walthamstow, [202]
Ware, [207]
Wareham, [207]
Warminster, [207]
Warrington, a patronymic
Warsaw, the fortified place—v. VAR
Warwick, [205]
Waterford, [80]
Waterloo, [130]
Weimar, [134]
Weissenfels, [207]
Weistritz R., the swift, straight stream
Well—v. QUELLE
Welland R., the river into which the tide flows
Wellingborough, a patronymic
Wellington, a patronymic
Wells, [161]
Welshpool, Welsh Trallwng, the quagmire
Wem, [198]
Wemys, uamh, the cave
Werden, [205]
Wesely, Hung. pleasant
Weser R., [1]
Westeraas, [208]
Westphalia, the western plain
Wetterhorn, [108]
Wexford, [80]
Whitby, [37]
Whitehaven, [97]
Whithorn, [11]
Wiborg, [201]
Wick, [209]
Wicklow, [209]
Wiesbaden, [16]
Wigan, [201]
Wight, Isle of, anc. Zuzo-yr-with, the island of the channel
Wigton, [201]
Wiltshire, [173]
Wimbleton, [193]
Wimborne, [210]
Winchester, [44]
Windsor, [150]
Wirksworth, [208]
Wisbeach, the shore of the R. Ouse, uisge, water
Wisconsin, Ind. the wild rushing channel
Wismar, [210]
Withey, [207]
Wittenberg, [207]
Wittstock, [210]
Wladislawaw, the town of Wladislav
Wokingham, [5]
Wolfenbuttel, [27]
Wolga—v. Volga
Wolverhampton, [193]
Woodstock, [210]
Wooler, [211]
Woolwich, [104]
Worcester, anc. Huic-wara-ceaster, the camp of the Huieci
Worms, [133]
Worm’s Head, the serpent’s head, ornr, from its form
Worthing, [211]
Wrath, Cape, Scand. the cape of the hvarf, or turning
Wrietzen or Brietzen, Sclav. the place of birch-trees—v. BRASA
Wroxeter, anc. Uriconium
Wurtemberg, anc. Wrtinisberk, from a personal name
Wurtzburg, [212]
Wycombe, [53]
Wyoming Valley, corrupt. from Maugh-wauwame, Ind. the large plains

Xanthus R., Grk. the yellow river
Xeres de la Frontera, anc. Asta Regia Cæsariana, Cæsar’s royal fortress
Xeres de los Caballeros, Cæsar’s cavalry town

Yakutsk, named from the Yakuts, a Tartar tribe
Yang-tse Kiang R., the son of the great water
Yarra, the ever-flowing, a river in Australia
Yeddo or Jeddo, river door
Yell, barren
Yemen, to the south or right
Yeni-Bazaar, [212]
Yenisi R., [212]
Yeovil, [201]
York, [209]
Youghal, anc. Eochaill, the yew wood
Ypres or Yperen, the dwelling on the Yperlea
Ysselmonde, [140]
Yunnan, the cloudy south region, in China
Yvetot, [192]
Yvoire, [9]

Zab R., [212]
Zabern, [186]
Zambor, Sclav. behind the wood
Zanguebar or Zanjistan, Pers. and Arab., the land of the Zangis and Bahr
Zaragossa—v. Saragossa
Zealand, in Denmark, Sjvelland, spirit land
Zealand, in Netherlands, land surrounded by the sea
Zeitz, named after Ciza, a Sclav. goddess
Zell or Cell, [48]
Zerbst, belonging to the Wends, Sserbski
Zittau, the place of corn
Zug, anc. Tugium, named from the Tugeni, a tribe
Zurich, anc. Thiouricum, the town of the Thuricii, who built it after it had been destroyed by Attila
Zutphen, [79]
Zuyder-Zee, [172]
Zweibrücken, [31]
Zwickau, the place of goats, Ger. Ziege
Zwolle, anc. Suole, Old Ger. Sval, at the swell of the water

THE END

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