INDEX
A few Names which do not occur in the body of the Work are explained in the Index.
A
- Abbeville, [4]
- Abbeyfeale, [4]
- Abbeyleix and Abbeyshrule, [4]
- Abyssinia, named from the Rivers Abai and Wabash, or, according to Bruce, from habish (mixed), i.e. the country of the mixed races
- Acapulca, [9]
- Acre, anc. Accho, Ar. the sultry or sandy shore
- Adelsberg, the nobles’ fortress
- Aden, Ar. a paradise
- Afium-kara-hissar, Turc. the black castle of opium
- Agades, the enclosure
- Agde, in France, Grk. Agathos, the good place, founded by Greeks from Marseilles
- Aghrim, or Aughrim, [67]
- Agosta, Lat. Augusta
- Agra, [2]
- Airdrie, [10]
- Aix, [9]
- Aix-la-Chapelle, [9]
- Akerman, Turc. (white castle)
- Akhalzk, new fortress
- Alabama, the land of rest
- Alagous Bay (abounding in lakes)
- Aland, water land
- Albania, [7]
- Albert, in Cape Colony, named after the Prince Consort
- Albuera, Ar. the lake
- Albuquerque, Lat. the white oak-tree
- Alcala, Ar. the castle, [114]
- Alcantara, [6]
- Alcarez, Ar. the farm
- Aldershott, [107]
- Alemtayo (beyond the R. Tagus)
- Aleutian Islands, the bold rocks
- Alexandria and Alexandretta, named after Alexander the Great
- Alexandria, in Cape Colony, in honour of Queen Victoria
- Alexandria, in Italy, after Pope Alexander III
- Alhama, [100]
- Alleghany Mountains, from a tribe
- Alloa, the way to the sea
- Almaden, Ar. the mine
- Almanza, Ar. the plain
- Almanzor, Ar. victorious
- Almeida, Ar. the table
- Altona, called by the Hamburgians All-zu-nah, i.e. (all too near), in allusion to its vicinity to Hamburg
- Alyth, the ascent or slope
- America, named after the Florentine adventurer Amerigo-Vespucci
- Angora, anc. Ancyra
- Annam (the place of the South)
- Anstruther, [179]
- Antrim (at the elder trees)
- Antwerp, [208]
- Aoasta, Lat. Augusta
- Apennine Mountains, [154]
- Appenzel, [4]
- Appleby, [37]
- Applecross, [3]
- Aranjues, Lat. Ara Jovis, the altar of Jove
- Aravali Mountain, the hill of strength
- Arbois, anc. Arborosa, the woody place
- Arbroath, [3]
- Archangel, named in honour of the Archangel Michael
- Archipelago, the chief sea
- Arcos, anc. Argobriga, the town on the bend
- Ardeche, now Ardoix, in France, from ardoise, slate
- Ardee, in Ireland, on the R. Dee, now the Nith
- Ardeen and Ardennes, [10], [11]
- Ardfert, [10]
- Ardrossan, [10]
- Argos, the plain
- Argyle, [150]
- Arles, Cel. Ar-laeth, the marshy land
- Armagh, i.e. Ardmacha, Macha’s height
- Armorica, [143]
- Arras, named from the Atrebates
- Arthur Seat, in Edinburgh, Gael. Ard-na-said, i.e. the height of the arrows, meaning a convenient ground to shoot from
- Ascension Island, so named because discovered on Ascension Day
- Asperne, [11]
- Aspropotamo, Modern Grk. (the white river)
- Assouan, Ar. the opening at the mouth of the Nile
- Astrakan, named after a Tartar king
- Astura R., [199]
- Asturias, [12]
- Attica, Grk. the promontory
- Aubusson, [36]
- Auch, named after the Ausci, a tribe
- Auchinleck, [5]
- Auckland, [5]
- Audlem, [7]
- Augsburg, [35]
- Aurillac, supposed to have been named after the Emperor Aurelian
- Auriol, anc. Auriolum, the golden or magnificent
- Austerlitz, [151]
- Australia, the southern land
- Austria, [164]
- Autun, [69]
- Auvergne, the high country, [11]
- Ava, or Awa, named from angwa, a fish-pond
- Avignon, [14]
- Avranches, named from the Abrincatui
- Awe, Loch, [2]
- Azores Isles, Port. the islands of hawks
B
- Baalbec, [15]
- Babelmandeb Strait, [15]
- Bactria, Pers. the east country
- Badajos, corrupt. from Lat. Pax Augusta
- Baden, [15]
- Baffin’s Bay, named in honour of the discoverer
- Bagdad, [16]
- Bahar, corrupt. from Vihar, a Buddhist monastery
- Bahia, Port. the bay, [16]
- Bahr-el-Abiad, [17]
- Bahrein, [17]
- Baikal, the rich sea
- Baireuth, [162]
- Bakewell, [162]
- Bakhtchisarai, the palace of the gardens
- Bala (river head), in Wales
- Balachulish, [17]
- Balaclava, [21]
- Bala-Ghauts, [18]
- Bala-hissar, [18]
- Balasore, [18].
- Balbriggan, Brecan’s bridge
- Balearic Isles, because their inhabitants were skilful in the use of the sling (Balla, Grk. to throw)
- Balfour, [17]
- Balkan, [18]
- Balkh, [18]
- Ballantrae, the dwelling on the sea-shore, [196]
- Ballater, [125]
- Ballina, corrupt. from Bel-atha, ford mouth, [21]
- Ballingry, the town of the king—v. BAILE
- Note.—For Scotch or Irish names beginning with bal or bally, v. BAILE or BEAL, pp. 17 and 21
- Ballintra, [196]
- Balloch, [22]
- Ballycastle, castle-town—v. [17]
- Ballymena, [17]
- Ballymoney, [17]
- Ballyshannon, [22]
- Balmaghie, [18]
- Balmaklellan, the town of the Maclellans, [18]
- Balmerino, [17]
- Balmoral, [17]
- Balquhidder, the town at the back of the country
- Balta and Baltia, the country of the belts or straits, the ancient name of Scandinavia, [18]
- Banbury, [35]
- Banchory, the fair valley
- Banchory-Devenick and Banchory-Ternan, named in honour of two saints who lived there
- Banda-Oriental, the eastern bank of the Rio-de-la-Plata
- Banff, [34]
- Bangor, [23]
- Banjarmassin, from bender, a harbour, and masing, usual, or from banjer, water, and massin, salt
- Banks Islands and Banks Land, named in honour of Sir Joseph Banks
- Bantry, Ir. Beantraighe, i.e. belonging to the descendants of Beann, of the royal race of Ulster
- Barbadoes, Port. the island of pines
- Barbary, the country of the Berbers
- Barbuda, the island of the bearded men, so named by the Portuguese
- Barcelona, named from Hamilcar Barca, who founded it
- Bardhwan, Pers. the thriving place
- Bardsey, [72]
- Barfleur, [81]
- Bar-le-Duc, [19]
- Barnstaple, [152]
- Barrow, [19]
- Barrow Strait, named in honour of Sir John Barrow
- Barton, [194]
- Basque Provinces, from bassoco, a mountaineer, or, according to Humboldt, from basoa, a forest
- Bass Strait, named after Bass, a navigator
- Basse Terre, low land
- Bassora, or Bozra, the fortress
- Batavia, [108]
- Bath, [16]
- Battersea, [71]
- Battle and Buittle, [27]
- Bautzen, [33]
- Bavaria, the country of the Boii
- Bayeux, named from the Bajoccas, a tribe
- Bayonne, [17]
- Beachy Head, [19]
- Beauley and Beaulieu, [21]
- Beaumaris, [21]
- Beauvais, named from the Bellovacii
- Bedford, [82]
- Bednore, [151]
- Beersheba, [20]
- Behring Strait, so named by Captain Cook in honour of Behring, a Russian navigator
- Beinn, Ben, etc., a mountain, [22]
- Beira, Port. the river-bank
- Beja, corrupt. from the Lat. Pax-Julia
- Belfast, [22]
- Belgium, named from the Belgae
- Belgrade, [21].
- Belize, named after a person called Wallace
- Bell Rock or Inch Cape, a reef of rocks south-east from Arbroath, so called from the lighthouse which was erected on it in 1811, previous to which the monks of Arbroath caused a bell to be suspended upon it so as to be rung by the waves, and thus give warning to mariners
- Belleisle, [21]
- Bellie, the mouth of the ford
- Belper, [21]
- Beluchistan, [182]
- Benares, named from the names of the two rivers on which it is situated
- Bender, etc., [23]
- Beni, etc., [23]
- Benin, corrupt. from Lat. benignus, blessed
- Berbice, at the mouth of the R. Berbice
- Berdiansk, [176]
- Berg and its derivatives, [23]
- Bergamo, on a hill
- Berhampore, [160]
- Berkeley, [25]
- Berkshire, [25]
- Berlin, perhaps from Sclav. berle, uncultivated ground, but uncertain
- Bermudas Isles, named after the discoverer Juan Bermudez
- Berriew, corrupt. from Aber-Rhiw, at the mouth of the R. Rhiw, in Wales, [3]
- Bervie, [112]
- Berwick, [209]
- Berwyn, [19]
- Beveland, [122]
- Beverley, [25]
- Bewdley, [21]
- Beyrout, [20]
- Bhagulpore, [160]
- Bhurtpore, [160]
- Bicester, corrupt. from Birincester, i.e. the fortress of Birin, Bishop of Gloucester
- Bideford, by the ford
- Biela-Tsorkov, white church
- Bielgorod, white fortress
- Bielorietzk, [176]
- Biggar, the soft land
- Bilbao, under the hill
- Bingley, the field of Bing, the original proprietor
- Bir, [20]
- Birkdale, the birch valley
- Birkenhead and Birkhampstead, [25]
- Birmingham, [99]
- Biscaya and Bay of Biscay, named from the Basques, which, according to Humboldt, means forest dwellers
- Bishop-Auckland, so called from the number of oaks that grew here, and from the manor having belonged to the bishops of Durham
- Black Sea, perhaps so called from its frequent storms and fogs. The Greeks called it Euxine, from euxinos, hospitable, disliking its original name, Axinos, inhospitable
- Blaen and its derivatives, [26]
- Blair and its derivatives, [26]
- Blantyre, the warm retreat
- Bodmin, [27]
- Bohemia, [100]
- Bois-le-Duc, the duke’s wood
- Bokhara, the treasury of sciences, the chief town in a state of the same name
- Bolivia, named after its liberator Bolivar
- Bologna and Boulogne, named from the Boii
- Bombay, named after an Indian goddess Bombé, but translated by the Portuguese into Bom-bahia, good bay
- Bordeaux, [9]
- Bornholm, [127]
- Borovsk, [28]
- Borrowstounness, [145]
- Bosphorus, Grk. the passage of the bull
- Bourges, named from the Bituriges
- Brabant, [18]
- Bramapootra R., the offspring of Brahma
- Brazil, named from the colour of its dye-woods, braza, Port. a live coal
- Breadalbane, [29]
- Brecknock, the hill of Brecon or Brychan, a Welsh prince
- Breda, [29]
- Breslaw, named after King Vratis-law
- Breton, Cape, discovered by mariners from Brittany
- Bridgenorth, [31]
- Bridgewater, [31]
- Brieg, [29]
- Brighton, corrupt. from Brighthelmston, from a personal name
- Bristol, [183]
- Britain: the Cym.-Cel. root brith, to paint, is supposed by some to be the root of the word; the British poets called it Inis gwyn, white island, which answers to the Roman name Albion
- Brixton, [31]
- Brodick, [209]
- Brody, [30]
- Brooklyn, in New York, Dutch, the broken-up land
- Bruges, [31]
- Brunswick, [172]
- Brussels, [30]
- Brzesce-Litewski, [28]
- Bucharest, the city of enjoyment
- Buckingham, a tribe name, or the dwelling among beeches, [33]
- Buda, [33]
- Budweis, [33]
- Buenos-Ayres, [28]
- Builth, [8]
- Bungay, [95]
- Burgos, [36]
- Burslem, Burward’s dwelling in the clayey soil, leim
- Bury, [34]
- Bushire, [174]
- Bute, [33]
- Buttermere, [136]
- Buxton, [33]
C
- Cabeza-del-Buey, [117]
- Cabrach, the timber-moss, a parish in Co. Banff
- Cader-Idris, the chair of Idris, in Wales
- Cadiz, [86]
- Cahors, named from the Cadurci
- Cairo, Ar. Al-kahirah, the victorious
- Calahorra, [114]
- Calais, [39]
- Calatayud, [114]
- Calcutta, [88]
- California is supposed to have taken its name from an old romance, in which this name was given to an imaginary island filled with gold, and Cortes applied the name to the whole district
- Callander, the corner of the water—v. DUR
- The Calf of Man. The word calf was frequently used by the Norsemen for a smaller object in relation to a larger—i.e. the small island off Man
- Calvados, named from one of the vessels of the Spanish Armada, wrecked on the coast of France
- Cambay, anc. Khumbavati, the city of the pillar
- Cambuskenneth, [39]
- Canada, Ind. Kannahta, a collection of huts
- Candahar, named after Alexander the Great
- Candia, Ar. Khandæ, the trench island
- Cannes, [40]
- Cannoch, i.e. cann, bright, and oich, water, the ancient name of the spot on which Conway Castle stands
- Canopus was called by the Egyptians the city of Kneph, a god
- Cantal, the head of the rock, [41]
- Canton, i.e. Kwang Chou, the metropolis
- Cantyre or Kintyre, [45]
- Capri and Caprera, the islands of wild goats
- Cardigan, named after its ancient king Ceredig, and is therefore corrupted from Ceredigion
- Carew, [38]
- Carlingford, [39]
- Carlisle, [38]
- Carlow, [129]
- Carlscroone, [118]
- Carlshamm, Charles’s haven, [97]
- Carluke, [39]
- Carmel, Heb. the fruitful field
- Carmichael, [39]
- Carnac, [41]
- Carnatic, named from the Carnates, a tribe
- Carniola, [41]
- Carolina, U.S., named after Charles II.
- Caroline Isles, named after Carlos II. of Spain
- Carpathian Mountains, from Chrabat, a mountain range
- Carrantuohill, Ir. the reversed reaping-hook, the highest mountain in Ireland
- Carthage, [86]
- Carthagena, [86]
- Casale, [42]
- Cashel, [42]
- Caspian Sea, named from the Caspii, a tribe
- Cassel, [42]
- Castile, [42]
- Catania, Phœn. the little city
- Cattegat, [88]
- Caucasus, [147]
- Cavan, [44]
- Caxamarca in Peru, the place of frost
- Cefalu, [46]
- Cephalonia, [46]
- Cerigo, anc. Cythera, the harp-shaped
- Cerro—v. SIERRA
- Cevennes, [46]
- Ceylon, [65]
- Chambery, the bend of the water, on the R. Leysse, in France
- Chamouni, [40]
- Champlain, named from the Governor-General of Canada in the seventeenth century
- Charles Cape, named after Baby Charles in the reign of James I.
- Charlestown, named after Charles II.
- Chatham, [55]
- Chaumont, [39]
- Chelsea, [46]
- Chemnitz, [114]
- Chepstow, [47]
- Chester, [43]
- Cheviot Hills, [46]
- Chilham, [99]
- Chiltern Hills, [11]
- China, probably named from the dynasty of Thsin in the third century B.C.
- Chippenham, [47]
- Chiusa, [116]
- Christchurch, in Hants, anc. Twinam-burne, between two streams, and afterwards named from a church and priory founded by the W. Saxons in the reign of Edward the Confessor
- Christiana, named after Christian IV. of Sweden
- Ciudad, [49]
- Civita-Vecchia, [49]
- Clackmannan, [49]
- Clameny, [109]
- Clare Co., [50]
- Cleveland, [50]
- Cleves, [50]
- Clifton, [50]
- Clitheroe, [50]
- Clogheen, [49]
- Clonakilty, [50]
- Clones, [50]
- Clontarf, [50]
- Closeburn, [48]
- Cloyne, [50]
- Coblentz, [54]
- Cochin, kochi, a morass
- Cockburnspath, in Berwickshire, corrupt. from Colbrand’s Path
- Cognac, the corner of the water
- Coire or Chur, [56]
- Colberg, [31]
- Coleraine, [58]
- Colmar, Lat. Collis-Martis, the hill of Mars
- Colombo, corrupt. from Kalan-Totta, the ferry on the Kalawa Ganga
- Colonna, Cape, [117]
- Como, Lake, [54]
- Comorin, Cape, named from a temple to the goddess Durga
- Compostella, Santiago de, corrupt. from Sanctus Jacobus Apostolus, so called from a legend that the Apostle James was buried there
- Comrie, at the confluence of three rivers, in Perthshire, [53]
- Condé, [33]
- Congleton, [33]
- Connaught, anc. Conaicht, the territory of the descendants of Conn of the hundred battles
- Connecticut, Ind. Qunnitukut, the country on the long river
- Connemara, [144]
- Constance, Lake, [172]
- Copeland Isle, [47]
- Copenhagen, [47]
- Corbridge, [56]
- Cork, [54]
- Cornwall, [54]
- Coromandel, corrupt. from Cholomandala, the district of the Cholas, a tribe
- Corrientes, Span. the currents
- Corryvreckan, [52]
- Corsica, the woody
- Corunna, corrupt. from Columna, the pillars, in allusion to a tower of Hercules
- Cosenza, Lat. Cosentia, the confluence
- Cotswold Hills, [52]
- Cottian Alps, named after a Celtic chief
- Coutance and Cotantin, named after the Emperor Constantius
- Coventry, [196]
- Cowal, in Ayrshire, named after King Coill
- Cowes, [45]
- Cracow, the town of Krak, Duke of Poland
- Cramond, [38]
- Crathie, [56]
- Cremona, anc. Cremonensis-ager, the field named from a tribe
- Crewe, [56]
- Crewkerne, [56]
- Crieff, Gael. Craobh, a tree
- Croagh-Patrick, [56]
- Croatia, [109]
- Cromar, the heart of Mar, a district in Aberdeenshire
- Cronstadt, [118]
- Croydon, [70]
- CRUG, as prefix, [58]
- Cuença, Lat. concha, a shell
- Cueva-de-Vera, [45]
- Culebra R., the snake river
- Cumberland, [122]
- Cumbernauld, [53]
- Cumbraes Isles and Cumbrian Mountains, named after the Cymbri
- Cundinamarca, named after an Indian goddess
- Curaçoa, named from a kind of bird
- Currie, [56]
- Cuzeo, the centre, in Peru
- CWM, as prefix—v. [53], at COMBE
- Cyclades Isles, Grk. kuklos, a circle
- Cyprus, perhaps named from the herb kupros, with which it abounded, called by the Greeks Cerastes, the horned
- Czernowitz, Sclav. black town
D
- Dacca, Sansc. Da-akka, the hidden goddess, from a statue of Durga found there
- Dantzic, Danish fort, [61]
- Daventry, [196]
- Daviot, [6]
- Dax, [9]
- Deal, [59]
- Deccan, Sansc. Dakshina, the south land
- Delft, [62]
- Delhi, Sansc. dahal, a quagmire
- Denbigh, [64]
- Denmark, [134]
- Deptford, [54]
- Derbend, the shut-up gates or the difficult pass
- Derry or Londonderry, [61]
- Derwent R., [70]
- Desaguadero R., Span. the drain
- Detmold, [64]
- Détroit, the strait between Lake St. Clair and Lake Erie
- Devizes, anc. de vies, denoting a place where two ways met
- Devonshire, [64]
- Dhawalagiri Mountain, [90]
- Dieppe, [54]
- Digne, [64]
- Dijon, [69]
- Dinan and Dinant, [54]
- Dingle, [58]
- Dingwall, [190]
- Dinkelsbuhl, [33]
- Dmitrov, the town of St. Demetrius
- Dnieper R., i.e. Don-ieper, upper river
- Dniester, Don-iester, lower river Don
- Doab, [2]
- Dole, [59]
- Dolgelly, [60]
- Dominica Isle, so named because discovered on Sunday, i.e. Dies Dominica
- Donagh, as prefix, [65]
- Dondra Head, [65]
- Donegall, [69]
- Donnybrook, [65]
- Doon R., [14]
- Dorchester, [44]
- Dorking, [70]
- Dornoch, [66]
- Dorset, [173]
- Dort or Dordrecht, [66]
- Douglas, [91]
- Douro R., [70]
- Dover, anc. Dubris, or anc. Brit. Dufy-rraha
- Dovrefield Mountains, [78]
- Downpatrick, [68]
- Downs, The, [69]
- Drachenfels, [78]
- Drenthe, [18]
- Dresden, Sclav. Drezany, the haven
- Dreux, named from the Durocasses
- Drogheda, [66]
- Drohobicz, Sclav. the woody place
- Droitwich, [209]
- Dromore, [67]
- Drontheim, [99]
- Dryburgh, [62]
- Dubicza, [68]
- Dublin, [126]
- Dubro, [57]
- Dumbarton, [68]
- Dumfries, [68]
- Dungeness, [145]
- Dunkirk, [70]
- Dunluce, [128]
- Dunse, now Duns, [70]
- Dunstable, [182]
- Durham, [106]
- Durrow, [62]
- Dynevor, [64]
- Dyrrachium, Grk. the place with the dangerous breakers, Dus and rachia
- Dysart, [63]
E
- Eaglesham, church hamlet
- Ecclefechan, the church of St. Fechan
- Eccleshall, [72]
- Ecija, [12]
- Ecuador, i.e. on the equator
- Edessa, [73]
- Edfou, corrupt. from Atbo, the Coptic synonym for Hut, the throne of Horus
- Edinburgh, [68]
- Edom, the red land
- Egripo or Negropont, [159]
- Ehrenbreitstein, [181]
- Eichstadt, Ger. oak town
- Eiger, the giant, in Switzerland
- Eisenach, [74]
- Eisenberg, [74]
- Elbing, named from the river on which it stands
- Elbœuf, [37]
- Elché, [109]
- Elgin, named after Helgyn, a Norwegian chief, about A.D. 927
- Elimo or Elath, the trees
- Elizabeth, county in New York, named from the daughter of James I.
- Elizabethgrad, [94]
- Elmina, Ar. the mine
- Elphin, Ir. Aill-finn, the rock of the clear spring
- Elsinore, [150]
- Elster R., the alder-tree stream
- Elstow, [183]
- Elvas, anc. Alba, Basque, the place on the steep hill, alboa
- Ely, [71]
- Emden, [69]
- Empoli, corrupt. from the Lat. emporium, the market-place
- Enkhuizen, [75]
- Ennis, [111]
- Enniskillen, [111]
- Eperies, Hung. the place of strawberries
- Eperney, anc. aquæ-perennes, the ever-flowing water
- Epinal, [177]
- Epping, [110]
- Epsom, [99]
- Erekli, anc. Heraclea
- Erfurt, [83]
- Erith, [105]
- Erivan, Pers. Rewan, named after its founder
- Erlangen, [75]
- Erlaw, [75]
- Errigal, Ir. Airegal, a small church
- Erzeroom, corrupt. from Arz-er-Room, the fortress of the Romans
- Eschwege, ash-tree road
- Eschweiller, [6]
- ESGAIR—v. SKAFR, [175]
- Esk R., [198]
- Essek or Ossick, [211]
- Essex, [151]
- Estepa, [12]
- Estepona, [12]
- Esthonia, the district of the people of the East
- Estremadura, Lat. Estrema-Durii, the extreme limits of the R. Douro
- Etna, corrupt. from attuna, the furnace
- Eton, [71]
- Eubœa, the well-tilled land
- Euho or Yuho R., [105]
- Euphrates R., the fruitful, Ar. Furat, sweet water
- Europe, Grk. euros and ops, the broad face
- Euxine, Grk. the hospitable, formerly axinos the inhospitable sea
- Evesham, [76]
- Evora, the ford, in Spain
- Evreux, [9]
- Exeter, [44]
F
- Faenza, Lat. Faventia, the favoured
- Fair Head and Fair Island, from farr, Scand. a sheep
- Falaise, [78]
- Falkirk, [116]
- Famars, [77]
- Fano, [76]
- Fareham, [76]
- Farnham, [79]
- Faroe Islands, [71]
- Faulhorn, [108]
- Fazal, the beech-tree island, in the Azores
- Femern, [11]
- Fermanagh, Ir. the men of Monagh
- Fermoy, the men of the plain
- Fernando Po, named after the discoverer
- Ferney, [77]
- Ferns, [77]
- Ferrara, [84]
- Ferriby, [76]
- Ferrol, Span. farol, the beacon
- Fetlar Isle, [72]
- Fez, Ar. fertile
- Fife, said to be named from Feb, a Pictish chief
- Figueras, Span. the fig-trees
- Finisterre, Cape, and district, [190]
- Finster-Aar-horn, [107]
- Fintray and Fintry, [196]
- Fishguard, [87]
- Fiume, [81]
- Flamborough Head, anc. Fleamburgh, the flame hill or beacon hill
- Flèche, La, named from the lofty spire of the church of St. Thomas
- Fleetwood, [81]
- Flintshire, supposed to have derived its name from the abundance of quartz in the country
- Flisk, the moist place, Gael. fleasg
- Florence, Lat. Florentia, the flourishing
- Florida, called by the Spaniards Pascua-Florida because discovered on Easter Sunday
- Flushing, [81]
- Fochabers, Gael. Faichaber, the plain of the confluence, but more anciently Beulath, the mouth of the ford
- Foldvar, [81]
- Folkstone, the people’s fortress, Lat. Lapis-populi
- Fondi, [81]
- Fontenay, [81]
- Fontenoy, [81]
- Fordyce, the south pasture
- Forfar, supposed to have been named from a tribe, the Forestii
- Forli, [83]
- Formentara, abounding in grain
- Formosa, Span. the beautiful
- Forth R., Scot. Froch, and Welsh Werid
- Fossano, [81]
- Frankenstein, [181]
- Frankfort, [83]
- Frankfürt, [83]
- Fraubrunnen, [32]
- Frederickshald, [98]
- Freiburg, [84]
- Friesland, [122]
- Frische Haff, [97]
- Friuli, [84]
- Fuentarrabia, [82]
- Fühnen Isle or Odensey, [71]
- Fulham, [100]
- Funchal, a place abounding in funcho, Port. fennel
- Fürth, [83]
G
- Gainsborough, the town of the Ganii, a tribe
- Galapago Isles, Span. the islands of the water tortoises
- Galashiels, [170]
- Galatia, [108]
- Galicia, [108]
- Galilee, Heb. a district
- Galle, Point de, Cingalese, the rock promontory, galle
- Galway, named from Gaillimh, rocky river, [86]
- Ganges R., [86]
- Garioch, [86]
- Garonne R., [86]
- Gateshead, [40]
- Gaza, Ar. a treasury
- Gebirge—v. BERG, [24]
- Genappe, [89]
- Geneva, [89]
- Genoa, [90]
- Georgia, named after George III.
- Ghauts Mountains, [88]
- Ghent, [89]
- Giant’s Causeway, [49]
- Gibraltar, [89]
- Giessbach, the rushing brook
- Girgeh, St. George’s town, on the Nile
- Girvan R., the short stream
- Giurgevo, St. George’s town
- Glamorgan, Welsh Morganwg, i.e. Gwlad-Morgan, the territory of Morgan-Mawr, its king in the tenth century, [143]
- Glarus, corrupt. from St. Hilarius, to whom the church was dedicated
- Glogau, [92]
- Gloucester, [44]
- Gmünd, [89]
- Goat Fell, [78]
- Godalming, Godhelm’s meadow, in Surrey
- Goes or Ter-Goes, at the R. Gosa
- Gollnitz and Gollnow, [92]
- Goole, [86]
- Goritz, [93]
- Gorlitz, [93]
- Goslar, [122]
- Göttingen, a patronymic
- Gouda, on the R. Gouwe
- Gower, Welsh Gwyr, a peninsula in Wales, sloping west from Swansea—it may signify the land of the sunset
- Grabow, [93]
- Gradentz, [94]
- Gran, on the R. Gran
- Grasmere, the lake of swine
- Gratz, [94]
- Gravelines, [93]
- Gravesend, [93]
- Greenland, [95]
- Greenlaw, [123]
- Greenock, [94]
- Greenwich, [209]
- Grenoble, [158]
- Gretna Green, [102]
- Grisnez, Cape, gray cape, [145]
- Grisons, Ger. Graubünden, the gray league, so called from the dress worn by the Unionists in 1424
- Grodno, [94]
- Grongar—v. CAER, [38]
- Gröningen, a patronymic
- Grossenhain, [97]
- Guadalquivir, [95]
- Guadiana, [95]
- Güben, Sclav. dove town
- Gueret, Fr. land for tillage
- Guienne, corrupt. from Aquitania
- Gustrow, Sclav. guest town
- Gwasanau, corrupt. from Hosannah, a place in North Wales. The name was given in allusion to the Victoria-Alleluiatica, fought on the spot in 420, between the Britons, headed by the Germans, and the Picts and Scots
H
- Haarlem, [96]
- Hadersleben, [124]
- Haemus Mountain, [18]
- Hague, The, [97]
- Haguenau, [97]
- Hainan, Chinese, south of the sea, corrupt. from Hai Lam
- Hainault, [88]
- Halicarnassus, Grk. Halikarnassos, sea horn place
- Halifax, [103]
- Halifax, Nova Scotia, named for the Earl of Halifax
- Hall and Halle, [98]
- Hamburg, [97]
- Hameln, [99]
- Hammerfest, [100]
- Hampstead, [98]
- Hankau or Hankow, the mouth of commerce, a city in China
- Hanover, [150]
- Harbottle, [27]
- Harrogate, [88]
- Hartlepool, [158]
- Hartz Mountains, [101]
- Harwich, [100]
- Haselt, [101]
- Hastings, A.S. Haestinga-ceaster, the camp of Hastings, a Danish pirate
- Havana, the harbour
- Havre, Le, [97]
- Hawarden, Welsh, upon the hill
- Hawes, [97]
- Heboken, Ind. the smoked pipe, the spot in New Jersey at which the English settlers smoked the pipe of peace with the Indian chiefs
- Hechingen, a patronymic.
- Hedjas, the land of pilgrimage
- Heidelberg, [24]
- Heilbron, [32]
- Heiligenstadt, [103]
- Heligoland, [103]
- Helvellyn, if Celtic, perhaps El-velin, the hill of Baal
- Hems, probably named from Hms, the Egyptian name of Isis
- Henly, Cym.-Cel. old place
- Herat, anc. Aria-Civitas, the town on the Arius, now the R. Heri
- Hereford, [82]
- Hermon, the lofty peak
- Herstal, [180]
- Hesse, named from the Catti or Chatti
- Himalaya Mountains, [123]
- Hinckley, the horse’s meadow
- Hindostan, [181]
- Hindu Koosh Mountains, i.e. the Indian Caucasus
- Hinojosa, Span. the place of fennel
- Hirschberg, [105]
- Hitchen, [100]
- Hoang Ho, [105]
- Hobart Town, named after one of the first settlers
- Hohenlinden, [106]
- Holland, [106]
- Holstein, [174]
- Holt, [107]
- Holyhead, [103]
- Holy Island, [103]
- Holywell, [103]
- Holywood, [103]
- Homburg, [105]
- Honduras, Span. deep water
- Hong Kong, the place of fragrant streams
- Hoorn, [107]
- Hor, the mountain
- Horeb, the desert
- Horn, Cape, [107]
- Horncastle, [107]
- Horsham, [99]
- Howden, [102]
- Howth Head, [102]
- Hudson R., named after Henry Hudson, who ascended the river A.D. 1607
- Huelva, Basque Onoba, at the foot of the hill; and Ar. Wuebban, corrupt. to Huelva
- Huesca, anc. Osca, the town of the Basques or Euscs
- Hull, [117]
- Hungary, Ger. Ungarn, the country of the Huns; Hung. Magyar-Orzag, the country of the Magyars
- Huntingdon, hunter’s hill, or a patronymic
- Hurdwar, [70]
- Huron, Lake, from a tribe
- Hurryhur, named from the goddess Hari or Vishnu
- Hurst, [101]
- Hythe, [105]
I
- Ilfracombe, [54]
- Illinois, named after the tribe Illini, i.e. the men; and ois, a tribe
- Imaus, the snowy mountain
- Inch—v. INNIS, [111]
- Ingleborough Mountain, [24]
- Inkermann, Turc. the place of caverns
- Innerleithen, [112]
- Innsbrück, at the bridge, on the R. Inn
- Interlachen, [119]
- Inverness, [112]
- Iona or I, [108]
- Iowa, the drowsy ones, a tribe name, U.S.
- Ipswich, [209]
- Ireland or Ierne, [108]
- Irkutsk, [176]
- Irrawädi, the great river
- Iscanderoon, named after Alexander the Great
- Iserlohn, [130]
- Isla, in the Hebrides, named after Yula, a Danish princess who was buried there
- Ispahan, Pers. the place of horses
- Issoire, [70]
- Issoudun, [69]
- Ithaca, the strait or steep
J
- Jabalon R., [112]
- Jaffa or Joppa, Semitic, beauty
- Jamaica, corrupt. from Xaymaca, the land of wood and water
- Jamboli, Sclav. the city in the hollow
- Janina, Sclav. John’s town
- Jaroslav, named after its founder
- Jassy, Sclav. the marshy place
- Jauer, [113]
- Java, [65]
- Jersey, [71]
- Jersey, in U.S., so named by Sir George Carteret, who had come from the Island of Jersey
- Jerusalem, Semitic, the abode of peace
- Joinville, [201]
- Joppa—v. Jaffa, the beautiful
- Jouare, anc. Ara-Jovis, the altar of Jove
- Juggernaut, or more correctly Jagganatha, the Lord of the world—jacat, Sansc. the world, and natha, Lord
- Juliers, [109]
- Jumna R., named after Yamuna, a goddess
- Jungfrau Mountain, Ger. the maiden or the fair one, so called from its spotless white
- Jura Isle, Scand. Deor-oe, deer island
- Jüterbogk, named for the Sclav. god of spring
- Jutland, named from the Jutes
K
- Kaffraria, Ar. the land of the Kafirs or unbelievers
- Kaisarizeh, the mod. name of anc. Cæsarea
- Kaiserlautern, [113]
- Kalgan, Tartar, the gate, a town in China
- Kampen, [35]
- Kandy, splendour
- Kansas, a tribe name
- Karlsbad, [16]
- Keith, Gael. the cloudy, from ceath, a cloud or mist
- Kel and Kil—v. COILL or CILL
- Kells, [48]
- Kelso, [38]
- Kempen, [40]
- Ken—v. CEANN
- Kendal, [60]
- Kenmare, [46]
- Kensington, the town of the Kensings
- Kent, [45]
- Kentucky, the dark and bloody ground
- Kerry Co., Ir. Ciarraidhe, the district of the race of Ciar
- Kettering, a patronymic
- Kew, [107]
- Khartoum, the promontory
- Khelat, [114]
- Kin—v. CEANN
- Kinghorn, [45]
- Kingsclere, [5]
- King’s Co., named after Philip II. of Spain
- Kingston, [147]
- Kingussie, [45]
- Kirkillisia, the forty churches in Turkey
- Kirkintilloch, [38]
- Kirkwall, [115]
- Kishon R., i.e. the tortuous stream
- Kissengen, a patronymic
- Klagenfurt, [84]
- Knock—v. CNOC
- Königgratz, the king’s fortress
- Kordofan, the white land
- Koros R., Hung, the red river
- Koslin, [118]
- Kothendorf, [47]
- Kralowitz, [118]
- Kraszna R., beautiful river
- Kremenetz, [118]
- Kremnitz, [118]
- Krishna or Kistna R., the black stream, in India
- Kronstadt, [118]
- Kulm, [47]
- Kyle—v. CAOL
L
- La Hogue, Cape, [102]
- Laaland Isle, [119]
- Labuan Isle, Malay, the anchorage
- Laccadives, [65]
- Laconia, [120]
- Ladrone Isles, Span. the islands of thieves
- Lagnieu, [120]
- Lagos, [120]
- Laguna, [120]
- Lahr, [123]
- Lambeth, [105]
- Lambride, [121]
- Lamlash, [120]
- Lampeter, [121]
- Lamsaki, anc. Lampsacus, the passage
- Lanark, [121]
- Land’s End—v. PEN
- Landerneau, [121]
- Langres, anc. Langone, named from the Lingones, a tribe
- Languedoc, named from the use of the word oc, for yes, in their language, i.e. Langue-d’oc
- Lannion, [121]
- Laon, [130]
- Larbert, named from a man of this name
- Largo, [124]
- Largs, [124]
- Larissa, named after a daughter of Pelasgus
- Lassa, the land of the Divine intelligence, the capital of Thibet
- Latakia, corrupt. from anc. Laodicea
- Latheron, [103]
- Lauder, named from the R. Leader
- Lauffen, [123]
- Launceston, [121]
- Laval, anc. Vallis-Guidonis, the valley of Guido
- Lawrence R., so named because discovered on St. Laurence’s Day, 1535
- Laybach or Laubach, [15]
- Leam R., [125]
- Leamington, [125]
- Lebanon Mountain, [89]
- Leeds, [125]
- Leibnitz, [124]
- Leighlin, [91]
- Leighton-Buzzard, [21]
- Leinster, [183]
- Leipzig, [128]
- Leith, named from the river at whose mouth it stands
- Leitrim, [67]
- Lemberg, [24]
- Leobschütz, the place of the Leubuzi, a Sclavonic tribe
- Leominster, [130]
- Leon, anc. Legio, the station of the 7th Roman Legion
- Lepanto, Gulf of, corrupt. from Naupactus, Grk. the ship station
- Lerida, anc. Llerda, Basque, the town
- Lesmahago, [128]
- Letterkenny, [125]
- Leuchars, the marshy land
- Levant, Lat. the place of the sun-rising, as seen from Italy
- Leven R., [124]
- Lewes, Les ewes, the waters
- Lewis Island, Scand. Lyodhuus, the wharf
- Leyden, [69]
- Liberia, the country of the free, colonised by emancipated slaves
- Lichfield, [77]
- Lidkioping, [47]
- Liège, [125]
- Liegnitz, [130]
- Lifford, [25]
- Ligny, a patronymic
- Lille, [111]
- Lilybaeum, Phœn. opposite Libya
- Lima, corrupt. from Rimæ, the name of the river on which it stands and of a famous idol
- Limbourg, [126]
- Limerick, corrupt. from Lomnech, a barren spot; lom, bare
- Limoges, anc. Lemovicum, the dwelling of the Lemovici
- Linares, Span. flax fields
- Lincoln, [53]
- Lindesnaes, [126]
- Lindores, in Fife, probably a corruption of Lann-Tours, being the seat of an anc. Abbey of Tours, founded by David, Earl of Huntingdon
- Linkioping, [47]
- Linlithgow, [127]
- Lisbellaw, [128]
- Lisbon, [104]
- Lisieux, in France, Lat. Noviomagus, the new field, subsequently named from the Lexovii
- Liskeard, [128]
- Lissa, [125]
- Liverpool, [158]
- Livno, Livny, Livonia, named from the Liefs, a Ugrian tribe
- Llanerch-y-medd, the place of honey, in Wales
- Llanos, Span. the level plains
- Lochaber, [3]
- Lockerby, [37]
- Lodi, anc. Laus-Pompeii
- Logie, [120]
- Lombardy, the country of the Longobardi, so called from a kind of weapon which they used
- London, [64]
- Londonderry, [61]
- Longford, [83]
- Longniddrie—v. LLAN, [122]
- Loop Head, [123]
- Lorca, [109]
- Loretto, named from Lauretta, a lady who gave the site for a chapel at that place
- L’Orient, so named from an establishment of the East India Company at the place in 1666
- Lorn, Gael. Labhrin, named after one of the Irish colonists from Dalriada
- Lossie R., [1]
- Loughill, Ir. Leamchoil, the elm-wood
- Louisiana, named after Louis XIV. of France
- Louisville, [201]
- Louth, in Lincoln, named from the R. Ludd
- Louth Co., Ir. Lugh Magh, the field of Lugh
- Louvain, Ger. Löwen, the lion, named after a person called Leo
- Lowestoft, [192]
- Lubeck, [128]
- Luben, [128]
- Lublin, [128]
- Lucca, anc. Luca—v. LUCUS
- Lucena, Basque Lucea, the long town
- Lucerne, named from a lighthouse or beacon, lucerna, formerly placed on a tower in the middle of the R. Rheus
- Lucknow, corrupt. from the native name Laksneanauti, the fortunate
- Ludlow, [123]
- Ludwigslust, [131]
- Lugano, [119]
- Lugo, [130]
- Lugos, [130]
- Lund, [131]
- Lurgan, Ir. the low ridge
- Luxembourg, [131]
- Luxor, corrupt. from El-Kasur, the palaces
- Lycus R., Grk. leukos
- Lyme, in Kent, anc. Kainos-limen, Grk. the new haven
- Lyme-Regis, on the R. Lyme
- Lyons, [69]
M
- Macao, in China, where there was a temple sacred to an idol named Ama. The Portuguese made it Amagoa, the bay of Ama, corrupted first to Amacao and then to Macao
- Madeira, Port. the woody island
- Madras, [153]
- Madrid, anc. Majerit, origin unknown, but perhaps from Madarat, Ar. a city
- Maelawr, from mael, Welsh, mart, and lawr, ground, a general name for places in Wales where trade could be carried on without any hindrance from diversity of races.—James’s Welsh Names of Places
- Maestricht, [66]
- Magdala, Semitic, a watch-tower in Abyssinia
- Magdala, in Saxe-Weimar, on the R. Midgel
- Magor, corrupt. from Magwyr, Welsh, a ruin, the name of a railway station near Chepstow
- Maidenhead, [105]
- Maidstone, [181]
- Main R., [132]
- Maine, in France, named from the Cenomani
- Mainland, [132]
- Malabar Coast, or Malaywar, the hilly country
- Malacca, named from the tree called Malacca
- Malaga, Phœn. malac, salt, named from its trade in salt
- Malakoff, named after a sailor of that name who established a public-house there
- Maldives Islands, [65]
- Maldon, [69]
- Mallow, [132]
- Malpas, Fr. the difficult pass
- Malta, Phœn. Melita, a place of refuge
- Malvern, [139]
- Mancha, La, Span. a spot of ground covered with weeds
- Manchester, [44]
- Manfredonia, named after Manfred, King of Naples, by whom it was built
- Mangalore, named after an Indian deity
- Mangerton Mountain, in Ireland, corrupt. from Mangartach, i.e. the mountain covered with mang, a long hairlike grass
- Mans, Le, named after the Cenomani
- Mansorah, in Egypt, the victorious
- Mantinea, Grk. the place of the prophet or oracle, mantis
- Mantua, [133]
- Manzanares, Span. the apple-tree orchard
- Maracaybo, [143]
- Maranao, Span. a place overgrown with weeds
- Marathon, a place abounding in fennel, marathos
- Marazion, [84]
- Marburg, [134]
- March, [134]
- Marchena, the marshy land
- Marengo, [136]
- Margarita, the island of pearls
- Margate, [88]
- Marienwerder, [205]
- Marlow, Great, [136]
- Marmora, Sea of, named from an adjacent island, celebrated for its marble, marmor
- Marnoch, Co. Banff, named from St. Marnoch
- Maros R., [136]
- Maros-Vasarhely, [103]
- Marquesas Isles, named after Marquis Mendoza, Viceroy of Peru, who originated the voyage through which they were discovered
- Marsala, [135]
- Maryland, named after the queen of Charles I.
- Mathern, corrupt. from Merthyr, the martyr, the name of a church near Chepstow, built in memory of Fewdrig, King of Gwent, who died on its site as he was returning wounded from a battle against the Saxons
- Mathravel, the land of apples, one of the ancient provinces into which Wales was divided
- Matlock, [130]
- Mauritius, discovered by the Portuguese in 1505, visited by the Dutch in 1596, who named it after Prince Maurice of the Netherlands. From 1713 till 1810 it belonged to the French, who called it Isle of France
- May Island, [132]
- Maynooth, [132]
- Mayo, the plain of yew-trees
- Mazzara, Phœn. the castle
- Mazzarino, the little castle
- Mearns, corrupt. from Maghgkerkkin, the plain of Kerkin
- Meaux, named from the Meldi
- Mecklenburg, [137]
- Medellin, named after its founder, Metellus, the Roman consul
- Medina, [135]
- Mediterranean Sea, [138]
- Meiningen, [132]
- Meissen, on the R. Meissa
- Melbourne, named after Lord Melbourne in 1837
- Meldrum, [67]
- Melrose, [139]
- Melun, [69]
- Memmingen, a patronymic
- Memphis or Memphe, i.e. Ma-m-Phthah, the place of the Egyptian god Phthah
- Menai Strait, anc. Sruth-monena
- Menam, the mother of waters, a river of Siam
- Mendip Hills, i.e. mune-duppe, rich in mines
- Mentone, It. the chin, on a point of lead
- Merida, Lat. Augusta Emerita, the town of the emeriti or veterans, founded by Emperor Augustus
- Merioneth, named after Merion, a British saint
- Merthyr-Tydvil, named after the daughter of an ancient British king
- Meseritz, [138]
- Meshed, Ar. the mosque
- Mesolonghi or Missolonghi, [119]
- Mesopotamia, [138]
- Metz, named from the Meomatrici, a tribe
- Michigan Lake, Ind. great lake, or the weir, or fish-trap, from its shape
- Middelburg, [138]
- Midhurst, [138]
- Miklos, [137]
- Milan, [115]
- Milton, [144]
- Minnesota R., the sky-coloured water
- Miramichi, Ind. happy retreat
- Mirgorod, [138]
- Mississippi R., Ind. the father of waters
- Missouri, Ind. the muddy stream
- Mitrovicz or Mitrovitz, [152]
- Mittau, named from Mita, a Sclav. deity
- Modena, Lat. Mutina, the fortified place
- Moffat, the foot of the moss
- Mogadore, named after a saint whose tomb is on an island off the coast
- Moguer, Ar. the caves
- Mohawk R., named from a tribe
- Moidart or Moydart, [132]
- Mola, It. the mound, anc. Turres-Juliani, the town of Julian
- Mold, [142]
- Monaghan, Ir. Muneachain, a place abounding in little hills
- Monaster, [138]
- Monasterevin, [138]
- Monda, [142]
- Mondego, [142]
- Monena, the river or sea of Mona
- Monmouth, at the mouth of the Mynwy, i.e. the border river, from which it took its ancient name
- Montgomery, [142]
- Montrose, [168]
- Moravia, [136]
- Morayshire, [119]
- Morbihan, [119]
- Morecambe Bay, [39]
- Morocco, the country of the Moors, [22]
- Morpeth, [143]
- Morven, [143]
- Morvern, [143]
- Moscow, [142]
- Moulins, [141]
- Mourne Mountains, [142]
- Moy, Moyne, [132]
- Muhlhausen, [141]
- Mull Island, [145]
- Münden, [140]
- Munich, [140]
- Munster, in Germany, [138]
- Munster, in Ireland, [138]
- Murcia, [134]
- Murviedro, [145]
- Muscat or Meschid, Ar. the tomb of a saint
- Muthil, [143]
- Mysore, corrupt. from Mahesh-Asura, the name of a buffalo-headed monster, said to have been destroyed by the goddess Kali
N
- Naas, Ir. a fair or place of meeting
- Nablous, [158]
- Nagore, na-gara, Sansc. a city
- Nagpore, [160]
- Nagy-Banja, [18]
- Nagy-Koros, [146]
- Nairn, on the R. Nairn, anc. Ainear-nan, east-flowing river
- Nancy, [146]
- Nankin, Chinese, the southern capital
- Nantes, [146]
- Nantwich, [146]
- Naples, [158]
- Narbonne, named from the Narbonenses
- Naseby, the town on the cape
- Nashville, named from Colonel Nash
- Nassau, [146]
- Natal, Colony, so named because discovered on Christmas Day, Dies-natalis, by Vasco de Gama in 1498
- Natchez, a tribe name
- Naumburg, [148]
- Naupactus, the place of ships
- Nauplia, a sea-port, from the Grk. naus, a ship, and pleos, full
- Navan, Ir. n’Eamhain, literally the neck brooch, so named from a legend connected with the foundation of an ancient palace there
- Navarre, [147]
- Naxos, the floating island
- Naze, Cape, [145]
- Nebraska, Ind. the shallow river
- Nedjed, Ar. the elevated country
- Negropont, [159]
- Neilgherry Hills, [90]
- Nemours, the place of the sacred grove, nemus
- Nenagh, [74]
- Ness, Loch and R., [73]
- Neston, [73]
- Netherlands, [147]
- Neusatz, [148]
- Neusohl, [148]
- Neuwied, [148]
- Nevada Mountains—v. SIERRA, [175]
- Nevers, anc. Nivernum and Noviodunum, the new fort or the R. Nièvre
- Neviansk, on the R. Neva
- Newark, [206]
- Newcastle, [43]
- Newport, [156]
- New Ross, [167]
- Newry, Ir. Iubhar-cinn-tragha, the yew-tree at the head of the strand
- New York, named after the Duke of York, brother of Charles II.
- Niagara, corrupt. from Oni-aw-ga-rah, the thunder of waters
- Nicastro, new camp
- Nicopoli, [158]
- Nijni Novgorod, [148]
- Nile R., native name Sihor, the blue, called by the Jews Nile, the stream
- Nimeguen, [133]
- Nimes or Nismes, [147]
- Ningpo, the repose of the waves
- Niphon Mount, the source of light
- Nippissing, a tribe name
- Nogent, [149]
- Noirmoutier, [138]
- Nola, [148]
- Nombre-de-dios, the name of God, a city of Mexico
- Nörrkoping, [47]
- Northumberland, [149]
- Norway, [149]
- Nova Scotia, so named in concession to Sir William Alexander, a Scotsman, who settled there in the reign of James II. It was named Markland by its Norse discoverer, Eric the Red
- Nova Zembla, [148]
- Noyon, anc. Noviodunum, the new fort
- Nubia, Coptic, the land of gold
- Nuneaton, the nun’s town, on the R. Ea, in Warwickshire, the seat of an ancient priory
- Nurnberg, [24]
- Nyassa and Nyanza, the water
- Nyborg, [148]
- Nyköping or Nykobing, [47]
- Nystadt, [148]
O
- Oakham, [5]
- Oban, Gael. the little bay
- Ochill Hills, [198]
- Ochiltree, [198]
- Odensee, [71]
- Oeta Mount, sheep mountain
- Ofen or Buda, [33]
- Ohio, beautiful river, called by the French La Belle rivière
- Oldenburg, [7]
- Olekminsk, [176]
- Olympus Mountain, the shining
- Omagh, Omeha, named from a tribe
- Omsk, [176]
- Oosterhout, [107]
- Oporto, [156]
- Oppeln, the town on the R. Oppo
- Oppido, Lat. Oppidum
- Orange, anc. Arausione, the town on the R. Araise
- Orange R. and Republic, named after Maurice, Prince of Orange
- Oregon R., from the Span. organa, wild marjoram
- Orellana R., named from its discoverer
- Orissa, named from a tribe
- Orkney Islands, [111]
- Orleans, corrupt. from Aurelianum, named after the Emperor Aurelian
- Orme’s Head, Norse ormr, a serpent, from its shape
- Ormskirk, [125]
- Orvieto, [199]
- Osborne, named after the Fitz-Osborne family
- Oschatz, Sclav. Osada, the colony
- Osimo, [199]
- Osnabrück, [31]
- Ossa Mountain, Grk. the watch-tower
- Ostend, [74]
- Ostia, Lat. the place at the river’s mouth, Os
- Oswestry, [57]
- Othrys, the mountain with the overhanging brow, Grk. othrus
- Otranto, anc. Hydruntum, a place almost surrounded by water, ùdor, Grk.
- Ottawa, a tribe name
- Ottawa R., a tribe name
- Oudenarde, [7]
- Oudh or Awadh, corrupt. from Ayodha, the invincible
- Oulart, corrupt. from Abhalgort, Ir. apple field
- Oundle, [60]
- Ouro-preto, [160]
- Ouse R., [198]
- Overyssel R., [150]
- Oviedo is said to have derived this name from the Rivers Ove and Divo. Its Latin name was Lucus-Asturum, the grove of the Asturians
- Owyhee, the hot place
P
- Paderborn, [32]
- Padstow, [183]
- Paestum, anc. Poseidonia, the city of Poseidon or Neptune
- Palamcotta, [55]
- Palermo, corrupt. from Panormus, Grk. the spacious harbour
- Palestine, the land of the Philistines, strangers; from Crete, who occupied merely a strip of the country on the coast, and yet gave their own name to the whole land
- Palma, the palm-tree
- Palmas, Lat. the palm-trees
- Palmyra or Tadmor, the city of palms
- Pampeluna or Pamplona, [158]
- Panama Bay, the bay of mud fish
- Panjab or Punjaub, [2]
- Paraguay, [153]
- Parahyba, [153]
- Paramaribo, [144]
- Parapamisan Mountains, the flat-topped hills
- Parchim, [153]
- Paris, [130]
- Parsonstown, named for Sir William Parsons, who received a grant of the land on which the town stands, with the adjoining estate, from James II. in 1670
- Passau, [44]
- Patagonia, so called from the clumsy shoes of its native inhabitants
- Patna, [153]
- Paunton, [159]
- Pays de Vaud, [200]
- Peebles, anc. Peblis, Cym.-Cel. the tents or sheds
- Peel, [153]
- Peiho R., [105]
- Pe-king, Chinese, the northern capital
- Pe-ling Mountains, the northern mountains
- Pelion, the clayey mountains, pelos, Grk. clay
- Pella, the stony
- Pembroke, [30]
- Penicuik, [154]
- Pennsylvania, named after William Penn, whose son had obtained a grant of forest land in compensation for £16,000 which the king owed to his father
- Pentland Hills, corrupt. from the Pictsland Hills
- Penzance, [154]
- Perekop, the rampart
- Perigord, named from the Petrocorii
- Perm, anc. Biarmaland, the country of the Biarmi
- Pernambuco, the mouth of hell, so called from the violent surf at the mouth of its harbour
- Pernau, [126]
- Pershore, [130]
- Perth, [19]
- Perthddu, Welsh, the black brake or brushwood, in Wales
- Perugia, [152]
- Peshawur, the advanced fortress
- Pesth, [150]
- Peterhead, [112]
- Peterwarden, the fortress of Peter the Hermit
- Petra, the stony
- Petropaulovski, the port of Peter and Paul
- Pforzheim, [135]
- Philadelphia, the town of brotherly love, in America
- Philippi, named after Philip of Macedon
- Philippine Isles, named after Philip II. of Spain
- Philipstown, in Ireland, named after Philip, the husband of Queen Mary
- Phocis, the place of seals
- Phœnice, either the place of palms or the Phœnician settlement
- Phœnix Park, in Dublin, [80]
- Piedmont, the foot of the mountain
- Pietermaritzburg, named after two Boer leaders
- Pillau, [153]
- Pisgah Mountain, the height
- Pittenweem, [157]
- Pittsburg, named after William Pitt
- Placentia, Lat. the pleasant place
- Plassy, named from a grove of a certain kind of tree
- Plattensee or Balaton, [173]
- Plenlimmon Mountain, Welsh, the mountain with five peaks
- Plock, or Plotsk, [26]
- Ploermel, [157]
- Podgoricza, [157]
- Poictiers, named from the Pictones
- Poland, Sclav. the level land
- Polynesia, [112]
- Pomerania, [143]
- Pondicherri, Tamil, the new village
- Pontoise, [159]
- Poole, [158]
- Popocatepetl Mountain, the smoking mountain
- Portrush, [168]
- Portugal, [156]
- Potenza, Lat. Potentia, the powerful
- Potsdam, [157]
- Powys, the name of an ancient district in North Wales, signifying a place of rest
- Pozoblanco, [161]
- Prague, Sclav. Prako, the threshold
- Prato-Vecchio, [160]
- Prenzlow, the town of Pribislav, a personal name
- Presburg or Brezisburg, the town of Brazilaus
- Prescot, [55]
- Presteign and Preston, [194]
- Privas, anc. Privatium Castra, the fortress not belonging to the state, but private property
- Prossnitz, on the R. Prosna
- Providence, in U.S., so named by Roger Williams, who was persecuted by the Puritan settlers in Massachusetts because he preached toleration in religion, and was obliged to take refuge at that place, to which, in gratitude to God, he gave this name
- Prussia, the country of the Pruezi
- Puebla, Span. a town or village
- Puebla-de-los-Angelos, the town of the angels, so called from its fine climate
- Puenta-de-la-Reyna, [159]
- Puerto, the harbour
- Pulo-Penang, [161]
- Puozzuoli, [161]
- Puy-de-dome, [156]
- Pwlhelli, [159]
- Pyrenees Mountains, named either from the Basque pyrge, high, or from the Celtic pyr, a fir-tree
- Pyrmont, [142]
Q
- Quang-se, the western province, in China
- Quang-tung, the eastern province
- Quatre-Bras, Fr. the four arms, i.e. at the meeting of four roads
- Quebec, in Canada, named after Quebec in Brittany, the village on the point
- Queensberry, [24]
- Queen’s County, named after Queen Mary
- Queensferry, [76]
- Queensland and Queenstown, named after Queen Victoria
- Quimper, [53]
- Quimper-lé, [53]
- Quita, the deep ravine
R
- Radnorshire, [165]
- Radom and Radomka, named after the Sclav. deity Ratzi
- Rajputana, [163]
- Ramgunga, [86]
- Ramnaggur, ram’s fort
- Ramsgate, [88]
- Randers, [162]
- Raphoe, [163]
- Rapidan R., named after Queen Anne
- Rappahannock R., Ind. the river of quick-rising waters
- Rastadt, [163]
- Ratibor, [28]
- Ratisbon, Sclav. the fortress on the R. Regen, Ger. Regena Castra or Regensburg
- Ravenna, [79]
- Rayne, Gael. raon, a plain, a parish in Aberdeenshire
- Reading, a patronymic
- Redruth, in Cornwall, in old deeds, Tre-Druith, the dwelling of the Druids
- Reeth, on the stream, rith
- Rega R., [164]
- Reichenbach, [15]
- Reichenhall, [98]
- Reigate, [88]
- Reims or Rheims, named for the Remi, a tribe
- Remscheid, [171]
- Renaix, corrupt. from Hrodnace, the town of Hrodno
- Renfrew, [162]
- Rennes, named from the Rhedoni, a tribe
- Resht, Ar. headship
- Resolven, Welsh Rhiw, Scotch maen, the brow of the stonehead, in Glamorganshire
- Reculver, in Kent, corrupt. from Regoluion, the point against the waves
- Retford, [166]
- Reutlingen, a patronymic
- Revel, named from two small islands near the town, called reffe, the sand-banks
- Reykiavik or Reikiavik, [209]
- Rhine R. and Rhone R., [164]
- Rhode Island, [74]
- Rhodes and Rosas, in Spain, named from the Rhodians, a Grecian tribe
- Rhyddlan or Rhuddlan, Cym.-Cel. the red church
- Rhyl, the cleft, a watering-place in North Wales
- Rhymni, the marshy land, in Monmouthshire, on a river called the Rhymni, from the nature of the land through which it flows—v. Romney, at EA, [71]
- Riga, [126]
- Ringwood, in Hants, the wood of the Regni
- Rio-de-Janeiro, [164]
- Ripon, [167]
- Ritzbuttel, [27]
- Rive-de-Gier, [166]
- Rivoli, [166]
- Rochdale, the valley of the R. Roche
- Rochefort, [167]
- Rochelle, [167]
- Rochester, [167]
- Roermonde, [140]
- Romania or Roumilli, [109]
- Romans, anc. Romanum-Monasterium, the monastery of the Romans, founded by St. Bernard
- Rome, perhaps named from the groma, or four cross roads that at the forum formed the nucleus of the city
- Romorantin, [166]
- Roncesvalles, [200]
- Roque, La, Cape, the rock
- Roscommon, [167]
- Roscrea, [167]
- Rosetta, anc. Ar. Rasched, headship
- Ross, in Hereford, [165]
- Rossbach, the horse’s brook
- Ross-shire, [168]
- Rothenburg, [165]
- Rotherham, [165]
- Rotherthurm, [165]
- Rothesay, the isle of Rother, the ancient name of Bute
- Rotterdam, [60]
- Rouen, [133]
- Rousillon, named from the ancient town of Ruscino, a Roman colony
- Roveredo, Lat. Roboretum, a place planted with oaks, in Tyrol
- Row, in Dumbartonshire, from rubha, Gael. a promontory running into the sea
- Roxburgh, [167]
- Ruabon, corrupt. from Rhiw-Mabon-Sant, the ascent of St. Mabon, in North Wales
- Rudgeley or Rugely, [166]
- Rugen, named from the Rugii
- Runcorn, [45]
- Runnymede, [132]
- Rushbrook and Rushford, [167]
- Russia, named from the Rossi, a tribe of Norsemen in the ninth century
- Ruthin and Rhuddlan, [165]
- Rutland, [165]
- Rybinsk, [168]
- Ryde, [167]
- Ryswick, [168]
S
- Saale R., [169]
- Saarbrück, [31]
- Saar-Louis, [12]
- Sabor, [28]
- Sabor R., [28]
- Saffron Walden, [202]
- Sagan, Sclav. behind the road
- Sahara, [176]
- Saida or Sidon, Semitic, fish town
- Saintes, named from the Santones
- Salamanca, [169]
- Salem, in U.S., intended by the Puritans to be a type of the New Jerusalem
- Salford, [169]
- Salins, [169]
- Salisbury, [35]
- Salonica, corrupt. from Thessalonica
- Salop, contracted from Sloppesbury, the Norman corruption of Scrobbesbury, the town among shrubs, now Shrewsbury—v. [34]
- Saltcoats, [55]
- Salzburg, [169]
- Samarcand, said to have been named after Alexander the Great
- Samaria, the town of Shemir
- Samos, Phœn. the lofty
- Sandwich, [209]
- Sangerhausen—v. SANG
- Sanquhar, [172]
- San Salvador, the Holy Saviour, the first land descried by Columbus, and therefore named by him from the Saviour, who had guarded him in so many perils
- San Sebastian, the first Spanish colony founded in South America
- Santa Cruz, [57]
- Santa Fé, the city of the holy faith, founded by Queen Isabella after the siege of Granada
- Santander, named after St. Andrew
- Saragossa, corrupt. from Cæsarea Augusta; its Basque name was Saluba, the sheep’s ford
- Sarawak, Malay Sarakaw, the cove
- Sarnow, [212]
- Saskatchewan, swift current, a river in British North America
- Saul, in Gloucester—v. SALH, [169]
- Saul, Co. Down—v. SABHALL, [168]
- Saumur, anc. Salmurium, the walled building
- Saxony, [170]
- Scala-nova, [39]
- Scalloway, [170]
- Scarborough, [175]
- Scawfell Mountain, [78]
- Schaffhausen, [102]
- Schemnitz, [114]
- Schichallion Mountain, Gael. Ti-chail-linn, the maiden’s pap
- Schleswick, [209]
- Schmalkalden, [171]
- Schotturen, the Scotch Vienna, a colony of Scottish monks having settled there
- Schreckhorn Mountain, [107]
- Schweidnitz, Sclav. the place of the cornel-tree
- Schweinfurt, the ford of the Suevi
- Schwerin, [172]
- Scilly Islands, the islands of the rock, siglio
- Scinde, the country of the R. Indus or Sinde
- Scratch meal Scar, in Cumberland—v. SKAER, [175]
- Scutari, in Albania, corrupt. from Scodra, hill town
- Scutari, in Turkey, from Uskudar, Pers. a messenger, having been in remote periods, what it is to this day, a station for Asiatic couriers
- Sebastopol, [158]
- Sedlitz, [174]
- Segovia, anc. Segubia, probably the plain on the river-bend; ce, a plain, and gubia, a bend
- Selby, [173]
- Selinga, [173]
- Semipalatinsk, [152]
- Senlis, [173]
- Sens, named from the Senones
- Seringapatam, [153]
- Settle, [173]
- Seville, Phœn. Sephala, a marshy plain
- Sevres, named from the two rivers which traverse it, anc. Villa Savara
- Shamo, Chinese, the desert
- Shan—v. SEANN, [172]
- Shanghai, supreme court
- Shansi, west of the mountain
- Shantung, east of the mountain
- Sherborne, [172]
- Shetland Islands, [104]
- Shields, [170]
- Shiraz, [174]
- Shirvan, said to have been named after Nieshirvan, a king of Persia
- Shotover, corrupt. from Chateauvert, green castle
- Shrewsbury—v. Salop
- Sicily, named from the Siculi, a tribe
- Sidlaw Hills, fairy hills—v. SIDH
- Sidon—v. Saida, in Index.
- Silesia, Sclav. Zlezia, the bad land
- Silhet or Sirihat, the rich market
- Silloth Bay, perhaps herring bay, sil, Norse, a herring, and lod, a bundle of fishing lines
- Sion or Sitten, [174]
- Sion, Mount, the upraised
- Skagen, Cape, [176]
- Skager-rack, [176]
- Skaw Cape, [176]
- Skipton, [176]
- Skye Island, Gael. Ealan-skianach, the winged island
- Slamanan, [177]
- Sligo, named from the R. Sligeach, shelly water
- Sluys, [171]
- Slyne Head, [46]
- Snäfell Mountain, [78]
- Snaith, [177]
- Snowdon Mountain, [70]
- Socotra, [65]
- Soissons, named from the Suessiones
- Sokoto, the market-place
- Soleure, corrupt. from St. Ours or Ursinus, to whom the church was dedicated
- Solway Firth, according to Camden, was named from a small village in Scotland called Solam
- Somerset, [173]
- Sommariva, the summit of the bank
- Somogy, Hung. the place of cornel-trees
- Sophia, Grk. wisdom, dedicated to the second person of the Trinity
- Sorbonne, named from Robert de Sorbonne, almoner of St. Louis
- Söst or Soest, [174]
- Soudan—v. BELED
- Southampton, [194]
- Southwark, [206]
- Souvigny, [173]
- Spa, [82]
- Spalatro, [152]
- Sparta, Grk. the sowed land or the place of scattered houses
- Spires or Speyer, named from the R. Speyerbach
- Spitzbergen, [156]
- Spurn Head, the look-out cape, from spyrian, to look out
- St. Alban’s Head, corrupt. from St. Aldhelm’s Head
- St. Andrews, so named from a tradition that the bones of St. Andrew were brought to that place by St. Regulus: formerly called Mucros, the boar’s headland, and then Kilrymont, the church or cell of the king’s mount
- St. Cloud for St. Hloddwald
- St. David’s, in Wales, Welsh Ty-Ddewi—v. TY
- St. Heliers for St. Hilarius
- St. Omer for St. Awdomar
- Stadel, etc., [179]
- Staffa, [180]
- Staines, [181]
- Stamboul, [158]
- Stanislaus, named after Stanislaus of Poland
- Stantz, [181]
- Stargard, [182]
- Starodub, [182]
- Startpoint, [182]
- Stavropol, [158]
- Stellenbosch, [36]
- Stepney, [105]
- Stetten, Sclav. Zytyn, the place of green corn
- Stirling, Cym.-Cel. Ystrevelyn, the town of the Easterlings, from Flanders
- Stockholm, [106]
- Stockport, [184]
- Stockton, [184]
- Stoke, [183]
- Stolpe, [184]
- Stonehaven, [97]
- Stow-market, [183]
- Stradbally, [184]
- Stralsund, [185]
- Strasbourg, [184]
- Strehlitz, [184]
- Striegau or Cziska, Sclav. the place on the small stream, tschuga
- Stulweissenburg—v. FEHER
- Stuttgard, [87]
- Styria or Steyermark, the boundary of the R. Steyer
- Sudetic Mountains, [185]
- Suez, the mouth or opening
- Suffolk, [185]
- Sumatra, corrupt. from Trimatra, the happy
- Sunderbunds, corrupt. from Sundari-vana, so called from the forest, vana, of Sundari-trees
- Sunderland, [186]
- Surat, i.e. Su-rashta, the good country
- Surrey, [164]
- Susa, a city of ancient Persia, so called from the lilies in its neighbourhood; susa, a lily
- Sussex, [170]
- Sutherlandshire, [185]
- Sviatoi-nos, [146]
- Swan R., so named from the number of black swans seen by the first discoverer
- Swansea, [71]
- Sweden, [164]
- Sydney, named after a governor of the colony
- Syria—v. BELED, [20]
- Szent-kercsyt, [186]
- Szentes, for saint, [186]
T
- Tabriz, anc. Taurus, the mountain town
- Tagus or Tejo R., Phœn. the fish river
- Tain, [190]
- Takhtapul, the throne city, the seat of the Turkish Afghan government
- Takht-i-Soliman, the throne of Solomon, being the highest of the Solomon Mountains
- Talavera, [29]
- Tamsai, fresh water town, in China
- Tananarivo, the city of one thousand towns, the capital of Madagascar
- Tanderagee, Ir. Ton-legœith, the place with its back to the wind
- Tanjier, Phœn. the city protected by God
- Tanjore, corrupt. from Tanjavur, derived from its ancient name Tanja-Nagaram, the city of refuge
- Tarazona, [199]
- Tarifa, named after a Moorish chief
- Tarnopol, [187]
- Tarporley, [126]
- Tarragona, anc. Tarraco, Phœn. Tarchon, the citadel or palace
- Tarsus, Phœn. the strong place
- Tasmania, named after Abel Tasman, who discovered it in 1642. It was called Van Diemen’s Land in honour of the Governor-General of the Dutch East India Company
- Taurus Mountain, [196]
- Tavistock, [184]
- Tay R., [187]
- Tcherniz, [212]
- Teflis, [189]
- Teltown, Ir. Tailten, where Taillte, the daughter of the King of Spain, was buried
- Temeswar, Hung. the fortress on the R. Temes
- Temisconata, the wonder of water, a county and lake in Canada
- Temple, a parish in Mid-Lothian, where there was an establishment for the Templars or Red Friars, founded by David I.
- Tennessee R., the spoon-shaped river, so called from its curve
- Tenterden, [62]
- Teramo, [14]
- Terni, [14]
- Terranova, [189]
- Texas, Ind. hunting ground
- Tezcuco, Mexican, the place of detention
- Thames R., [187]
- Thannheim, [187]
- Thapsus, the passage
- Thaxsted, [180]
- Thebes, in Egypt, Taba, the capital
- Thermia, Grk. the place of warm springs, in Sicily
- Thermopylæ, the defile of the warm springs
- Thian-shan, Chinese, the celestial mountains
- Thian-shan-nan-loo, the country south of the celestial mountains
- Thian-shan-pe-loo, the country north of the celestial mountains
- Thibet, supposed to be a corrupt. of Thupo, the country of the Thou, a people who founded an empire there in the sixth century
- This or Abou-This, i.e. the city of This, corrupted by the Greeks into Abydos
- Thouars, [12]
- Thrace, Grk. the rough land, trachus
- Thun, [69]
- Thurgau, [88]
- Thurles, [128]
- Thurso, [1]
- Tiber R., [192]
- Tideswell, [161]
- Tierra-del-Fuego, [189]
- Tillicoultry, [198]
- Tilsit or Tilzela, at the conf. of the R. Tilzele with the Memel
- Tinnevelly, corrupt. from Trinavali, one of the names of Vishnu
- Tinto Hill, [189]
- Tipperary, [192]
- Tiree Island, [189]
- Tiverton, [83]
- Tlascala, Mexican, the place of bread
- Tobermory, [192]
- Tobolsk, [176]
- Todmorden, corrupt. from Todmare-dean, the valley of the foxes’ mere or marsh
- Tomantoul, [192]
- Tomsk, [176]
- Tongres, [186]
- Tonquin, Chinese Tang-king, the eastern capital
- Toome—v. TUAIM, [197]
- Töplitz, Neu and Alt
- Torgau, [195]
- Torquay, [195]
- Torres Straits, named after one of Magalhaen’s lieutenants
- Torres-Vedras, [195]
- Torquemada, [195]
- Tory Island, [195]
- Toul and Toulouse, [50]
- Toulon, anc. Telonium or Telo Martius, named after its founder
- Tourcoing, [195]
- Tours, [196]
- Towie and Tough, parishes in Aberdeenshire, from Gael, tuath, the north
- Trafalgar, [90]
- Tralee, [196]
- Tranent, [197]
- Transylvania, [173]
- Trapani, anc. Drapanum, the sickle, Grk. drepanon
- Tras-os-Montes, [142]
- Traun R., [196]
- Traunik, [196]
- Traunviertel, [196]
- Trave R., [196]
- Trebizond, Grk. trapezus, the table, so called from its form
- Trent, anc. Civitas-Tridentium, the town of the Tridenti
- Trêves, named from the Treviri, a tribe
- Trichinapalli, the town of the giant Trisira
- Trim, at the elder-tree, [197]
- Trinidad, so named by Columbus from its three peaks, emblematic of the Holy Trinity
- Tring, a patronymic
- Tripoli, [158]
- Tripolitza, [158]
- Trolhätta Fall, Goth. the abyss of the trolls or demons
- Trondhjem or Drontheim
- Troon, [178]
- Troppau, i.e. Zur-Oppa, on the R. Oppa
- Troyes, named from the Tricasses
- Truro, [197]
- Truxillo, in Spain, corrupt. from Turris-Julii, Julius’s tower
- Tuam, [197]
- Tubingen, anc. Diowingen, probably a patronymic
- Tudela, anc. Tutela, the watch-tower
- Tullamore, [197]
- Tulle, anc. Tutela, the watch-tower
- Tullow, [197]
- Turin, anc. Augusta-Taurinorum, named from the Taurini, i.e. dwellers among hills
- Tweed R., Brit. tuedd, a border
- Tyndrum, [188]
- Tynron, [188]
- Tyre, [196]
- Tyrnau, on the R. Tyrnau
- Tyrone, [189]
- Tzerna or Czerna R., [212]
- Tzernagora, [212]
U
- Udny, a parish in Aberdeenshire, i.e. Wodeney, from the Saxon god Woden
- Uist, North and South, Scand. Vist, an abode
- Uj-hely, Hung. new place
- Ukraine, Sclav. the frontier or boundary
- Ulleswater, [206]
- Ulm or Ulma, the place of elm-trees
- Ulster, [183]
- Unst Island, anc. Ornyst, Scand. the eagle’s nest
- Unyamuezi, the land of the moon
- Upsala, [169]
- Ural Mountains and R., Tartar, the belt or girdle
- Usedom, the Germanised form of Huzysch, Sclav. the place of learning
- Usk R., [198]
- Utrecht, [66]
V
- Valais, [199]
- Valence, in France, and
- Valencia, in Spain, anc. Valentia, the powerful
- Valenciennes and Valenza, or Valence, said to have been named after the Emperor Valentinian
- Valentia Island, in Ireland, Ir. Dearbhre, the oak wood
- Valetta, in Malta, named after the Grand Master of the Knights of St. John in 1566
- Valparaiso, [200]
- Van Diemen’s Land, named after Maria Van Diemen by Tasman
- Vannes, named from the Veneti
- Varna, Turc. the fortress
- Varosvar, [200]
- Vasarhely, [103]
- Vaucluse, [200]
- Vaud, Pays de, [200]
- Velekaja R., [200]
- Vendée, La, and
- Vendôme, named from the Veneti
- Venezuela, little Venice, so called from an Indian village constructed on piles, discovered by the Spaniards
- Venice, [79]
- Venloo, [79]
- Ventnor, [150]
- Ventry, [196]
- Verdun and Verden, [69]
- Vermont, green mountain
- Vevey, anc. Vibiscum, on the R. Vip
- Viborg, [201]
- Vick, [210]
- Vienna, Ger. Wien, on the R. Wien, an affluent of the Danube
- Viesti, named from a temple dedicated to Vesta
- Vigo, [209]
- Vimeira, Port. the place of osiers, vime
- Vincennes, anc. Ad-Vicenas
- Virginia, named after Queen Elizabeth
- Vistula or Wisla, the west-flowing river
- Vitré, corrupt. from Victoriacum, the victorious
- Vitry, the victorious, founded by Francis I.
- Vladimir, founded by the ducal family of that name in the twelfth century
- Vogelberg, the hill of birds
- Volga, the great water
- Volhynia, Sclav. the plain
- Voorburg, [84]
- Voralberg, i.e. in front of the Arlberg ridge
- Vukovar, the fortress on the R. Vuka
W
- Wakefield, [206]
- Walcherin Island, [204]
- Waldeck, [202]
- Walden, Saffron, [202]
- Wales, [203]
- Wallachia, [204]
- Wallendorf, [204]
- Wallenstadt, [204]
- Wallingford, [203]
- Walthamstow, [202]
- Ware, [207]
- Wareham, [207]
- Warminster, [207]
- Warrington, a patronymic
- Warsaw, the fortified place—v. VAR
- Warwick, [205]
- Waterford, [80]
- Waterloo, [130]
- Weimar, [134]
- Weissenfels, [207]
- Weistritz R., the swift, straight stream
- Well—v. QUELLE
- Welland R., the river into which the tide flows
- Wellingborough, a patronymic
- Wellington, a patronymic
- Wells, [161]
- Welshpool, Welsh Trallwng, the quagmire
- Wem, [198]
- Wemys, uamh, the cave
- Werden, [205]
- Wesely, Hung. pleasant
- Weser R., [1]
- Westeraas, [208]
- Westphalia, the western plain
- Wetterhorn, [108]
- Wexford, [80]
- Whitby, [37]
- Whitehaven, [97]
- Whithorn, [11]
- Wiborg, [201]
- Wick, [209]
- Wicklow, [209]
- Wiesbaden, [16]
- Wigan, [201]
- Wight, Isle of, anc. Zuzo-yr-with, the island of the channel
- Wigton, [201]
- Wiltshire, [173]
- Wimbleton, [193]
- Wimborne, [210]
- Winchester, [44]
- Windsor, [150]
- Wirksworth, [208]
- Wisbeach, the shore of the R. Ouse, uisge, water
- Wisconsin, Ind. the wild rushing channel
- Wismar, [210]
- Withey, [207]
- Wittenberg, [207]
- Wittstock, [210]
- Wladislawaw, the town of Wladislav
- Wokingham, [5]
- Wolfenbuttel, [27]
- Wolga—v. Volga
- Wolverhampton, [193]
- Woodstock, [210]
- Wooler, [211]
- Woolwich, [104]
- Worcester, anc. Huic-wara-ceaster, the camp of the Huieci
- Worms, [133]
- Worm’s Head, the serpent’s head, ornr, from its form
- Worthing, [211]
- Wrath, Cape, Scand. the cape of the hvarf, or turning
- Wrietzen or Brietzen, Sclav. the place of birch-trees—v. BRASA
- Wroxeter, anc. Uriconium
- Wurtemberg, anc. Wrtinisberk, from a personal name
- Wurtzburg, [212]
- Wycombe, [53]
- Wyoming Valley, corrupt. from Maugh-wauwame, Ind. the large plains
X
- Xanthus R., Grk. the yellow river
- Xeres de la Frontera, anc. Asta Regia Cæsariana, Cæsar’s royal fortress
- Xeres de los Caballeros, Cæsar’s cavalry town
Y
- Yakutsk, named from the Yakuts, a Tartar tribe
- Yang-tse Kiang R., the son of the great water
- Yarra, the ever-flowing, a river in Australia
- Yeddo or Jeddo, river door
- Yell, barren
- Yemen, to the south or right
- Yeni-Bazaar, [212]
- Yenisi R., [212]
- Yeovil, [201]
- York, [209]
- Youghal, anc. Eochaill, the yew wood
- Ypres or Yperen, the dwelling on the Yperlea
- Ysselmonde, [140]
- Yunnan, the cloudy south region, in China
- Yvetot, [192]
- Yvoire, [9]
Z
- Zab R., [212]
- Zabern, [186]
- Zambor, Sclav. behind the wood
- Zanguebar or Zanjistan, Pers. and Arab., the land of the Zangis and Bahr
- Zaragossa—v. Saragossa
- Zealand, in Denmark, Sjvelland, spirit land
- Zealand, in Netherlands, land surrounded by the sea
- Zeitz, named after Ciza, a Sclav. goddess
- Zell or Cell, [48]
- Zerbst, belonging to the Wends, Sserbski
- Zittau, the place of corn
- Zug, anc. Tugium, named from the Tugeni, a tribe
- Zurich, anc. Thiouricum, the town of the Thuricii, who built it after it had been destroyed by Attila
- Zutphen, [79]
- Zuyder-Zee, [172]
- Zweibrücken, [31]
- Zwickau, the place of goats, Ger. Ziege
- Zwolle, anc. Suole, Old Ger. Sval, at the swell of the water
THE END
Printed by R. & R. Clark, Edinburgh.