The Works of Christopher Marlowe, Vol. 3 (of 3)

by Christopher Marlowe

HERO AND LEANDER.

---

THE FIRST SESTIAD.

The Argument[1] of the First Sestiad.

Hero's description and her love's;

The fane of Venus, where he moves

His worthy love-suit, and attains;

Whose bliss the wrath of Fates restrains

For Cupid's grace to Mercury:

Which tale the author doth imply.

On Hellespont, guilty of true love's blood,

In view and opposite two cities stood,

Sea-borderers,[2] disjoin'd by Neptune's might;

The one Abydos, the other Sestos hight.

At Sestos Hero dwelt; Hero the fair,

Whom young Apollo courted for her hair,

And offer'd as a dower his burning throne,

Where she should sit, for men to gaze upon.

The outside of her garments were of lawn,

The lining purple silk, with gilt stars drawn;10

Her wide sleeves green, and border'd with a grove,

Where Venus in her naked glory strove

To please the careless and disdainful eyes

Of proud Adonis, that before her lies;

Her kirtle blue, whereon was many a stain,

Made with the blood of wretched lovers slain.

Upon her head she ware[3] a myrtle wreath,

From whence her veil reach'd to the ground beneath:

Her veil was artificial flowers and leaves,

Whose workmanship both man and beast deceives:20

Many would praise the sweet smell as she past,

When 'twas the odour which her breath forth cast;

And there for honey bees have sought in vain,

And, beat from thence, have lighted there again.

About her neck hung chains of pebble-stone,

Which, lighten'd by her neck, like diamonds shone.

She ware no gloves; for neither sun nor wind

Would burn or parch her hands, but, to her mind.

Or warm or cool them, for they took delight

To play upon those hands, they were so white.30

Buskins of shells, all silver'd, usèd she,

And branch'd with blushing coral to the knee;

Where sparrows perch'd of hollow pearl and gold,

Such as the world would wonder to behold:

Those with sweet water oft her handmaid fills,

Which as she went, would cherup through the bills.

Some say, for her the fairest Cupid pin'd,

And, looking in her face, was strooken blind.

But this is true; so like was one the other,

As he imagin'd Hero was his mother;40

And oftentimes into her bosom flew,

About her naked neck his bare arms threw,

And laid his childish head upon her breast,

And, with still panting rock,[4] there took his rest.

So lovely-fair was Hero, Venus' nun,

As Nature wept, thinking she was undone,

Because she took more from her than she left,

And of such wondrous beauty her bereft:

Therefore, in sign her treasure suffer'd wrack,

Since Hero's time hath half the world been black.50

Amorous Leander, beautiful and young

(Whose tragedy divine Musæus sung),

Dwelt at Abydos; since him dwelt there none

For whom succeeding times make[5] greater moan.

His dangling tresses, that were never shorn,

Had they been cut, and unto Colchos borne,

Would have allur'd the venturous youth of Greece

To hazard more than for the golden fleece.

Fair Cynthia wished his arms might be her Sphere;

Grief makes her pale, because she moves not there.60

His body was as straight as Circe's wand;

Jove might have sipt out nectar from his hand.

Even as delicious meat is to the tast,

So was his neck in touching, and surpast

The white of Pelops' shoulder: I could tell ye,

How smooth his breast was, and how white his belly;

And whose immortal fingers did imprint

That heavenly path with many a curious dint

That runs along his back; but my rude pen

Can hardly blazon forth the loves of men,70

Much less of powerful gods: let it suffice

That my slack Muse sings of Leander's eyes;

Those orient cheeks and lips, exceeding his

That leapt into the water for a kiss

Of his own shadow, and, despising many,

Died ere he could enjoy the love of any.

Had wild Hippolytus Leander seen,

Enamour'd of his beauty had he been:

His presence made the rudest peasant melt,

That in the vast uplandish country dwelt;80

The barbarous Thracian soldier, mov'd with nought,

Was mov'd with him, and for his favour sought.

Some swore he was a maid in man's attire,

For in his looks were all that men desire,—

A pleasant-smiling cheek, a speaking eye,

A brow for love to banquet royally;

And such as knew he was a man, would say,

"Leander, thou art made for amorous play:

Why art thou not in love, and loved of all?

Though thou be fair, yet be not thine own thrall."90

The men of wealthy Sestos every year,

For his sake whom their goddess held so dear,

Rose-cheek'd[6] Adonis, kept a solemn feast:

Thither resorted many a wandering guest

To meet their loves: such as had none at all

Came lovers home from this great festival;

For every street, like to a firmament,

Glister'd with breathing stars, who, where they went,

Frighted the melancholy earth, which deem'd

Eternal heaven to burn, for so it seem'd,100

As if another Phaëton had got

The guidance of the sun's rich chariot.

But, far above the loveliest, Hero shin'd,

And stole away th' enchanted gazer's mind;

For like sea-nymphs' inveigling harmony,

So was her beauty to the standers by;

Nor that night-wandering, pale, and watery[7] star

(When yawning dragons draw her thirling[8] car

From Latmus' mount up to the gloomy sky,

Where, crown'd with blazing light and majesty,110

She proudly sits) more over-rules the flood

Than she the hearts of those that near her stood.

Even as when gaudy nymphs pursue the chase,

Wretched Ixion's shaggy-footed race,

Incens'd with savage heat, gallop amain

From steep pine-bearing mountains to the plain,

So ran the people forth to gaze upon her,

And all that view'd her were enamour'd on her:

And as in fury of a dreadful fight,

Their fellows being slain or put to flight,120

Poor soldiers stand with fear of death dead-strooken,

So at her presence all surpris'd and tooken,

Await the sentence of her scornful eyes;

He whom she favours lives; the other dies:

There might you see one sigh; another rage;

And some, their violent passions to assuage,

Compile sharp satires; but, alas, too late!

For faithful love will never turn to hate;

And many, seeing great princes were denied,

Pin'd as they went, and thinking on her died.130

On this feast-day—O cursèd day and hour!—

Went Hero thorough Sestos, from her tower

To Venus' temple, where unhappily,

As after chanc'd, they did each other spy.

So fair a church as this had Venus none:

The walls were of discolour'd[9] jasper-stone,

Wherein was Proteus carved; and over-head

A lively vine of green sea-agate spread,

Where by one hand light-headed Bacchus hung,

And with the other wine from grapes out-wrung.140

Of crystal shining fair the pavement was;

The town of Sestos call'd it Venus' glass:

There might you see the gods, in sundry shapes,

Committing heady riots, incests, rapes;

For know, that underneath this radiant flour[10]

Was Danäe's statue in a brazen tower:

Jove slily stealing from his sister's bed,

To dally with Idalian Ganymed,

And for his love Europa bellowing loud,

And tumbling with the Rainbow in a cloud;150

Blood-quaffing Mars heaving the iron net

Which limping Vulcan and his Cyclops set;

Love kindling fire, to burn such towns as Troy;

Silvanus weeping for the lovely boy

That now is turned into a cypress-tree,

Under whose shade the wood-gods love to be.

And in the midst a silver altar stood:

There Hero, sacrificing turtles' blood,

Vailed[11] to the ground, veiling her eyelids close;

And modestly they opened as she rose:160

Thence flew Love's arrow with the golden head;

And thus Leander was enamourèd.

Stone-still he stood, and evermore he gaz'd,

Till with the fire, that from his countenance blaz'd,

Relenting Hero's gentle heart was strook:

Such force and virtue hath an amorous look.

It lies not in our power to love or hate,

For will in us is over-rul'd by fate.

When two are stript long ere the course begin,

We wish that one should lose, the other win;170

And one especially do we affect

Of two gold ingots, like in each respect:

The reason no man knows, let it suffice,

What we behold is censur'd by our eyes.

Where both deliberate, the love is slight:

Who ever lov'd, that lov'd not at first sight?[12]

He kneel'd; but unto her devoutly prayed:

Chaste Hero to herself thus softly said,

"Were I the saint he worships, I would hear him;"

And, as she spake those words, came somewhat near him.180

He started up; she blushed as one asham'd;

Wherewith Leander much more was inflam'd.

He touch'd her hand; in touching it she trembled:

Love deeply grounded hardly is dissembled.

These lovers parled by the touch of hands:

True love is mute, and oft amazèd stands.

Thus while dumb signs their yielding hearts entangled,

The air with sparks of living fire was spangled;

And night,[13] deep-drenched in misty Acheron,

Heav'd up her head, and half the world upon190

Breath'd darkness forth (dark night is Cupid's day):

And now begins Leander to display

Love's holy fire, with words, with sighs, and tears;

Which, like sweet music, enter'd Hero's ears;

And yet at every word she turn'd aside

And always cut him off, as he replied.

At last, like to a bold sharp sophister,

With cheerful hope thus he accosted her.

"Fair creature,[14] let me speak without offence:

I would my rude words had the influence200

To lead thy thoughts as thy fair looks do mine!

Then shouldst thou be his prisoner, who is thine.

Be not unkind and fair; mis-shapen stuff

Are of behaviour boisterous and rough.

O, shun me not, but hear me ere you go!

God knows, I cannot force love as you do:

My words shall be as spotless as my youth,

Full of simplicity and naked truth.

This sacrifice, whose sweet perfume descending

From Venus' altar, to your footsteps bending,210

Doth testify that you exceed her far,

To whom you offer, and whose nun you are.

Why should you worship her? her you surpass

As much as sparkling diamonds flaring glass.

A diamond set in lead his worth retains;

A heavenly nymph, belov'd of human swains,

Receives no blemish, but ofttimes more grace;

Which makes me hope, although I am but base,

Base in respect of thee divine and pure,

Dutiful service may thy love procure;220

And I in duty will excel all other,

As thou in beauty dost exceed Love's mother.

Nor heaven nor thou were made to gaze upon:

As heaven preserves all things, so save thou one.

A stately-builded ship, well rigg'd and tall,

The ocean maketh more majestical;

Why vow'st thou, then, to live in Sestos here,

Who on Love's seas more glorious wouldst appear?

Like untun'd golden strings all women are,

Which long time lie untouch'd, will harshly jar.230

Vessels of brass, oft handled, brightly shine:

What diffèrence betwixt[15] the richest mine

And basest mould, but use? for both, not us'd,

Are of like worth. Then treasure is abus'd,

When misers keep it: being put to loan,

In time it will return us two for one.

Rich robes themselves and others do adorn;

Neither themselves nor others, if not worn.

Who builds a palace, and rams up the gate,

Shall see it ruinous and desolate:240

Ah, simple Hero, learn thyself to cherish!

Lone women, like to empty houses, perish.

Less sins the poor rich man, that starves himself

In heaping up a mass of drossy pelf,

Than such as you: his golden earth remains,

Which, after his decease some other gains;

But this fair gem, sweet in the loss alone,

When you fleet hence, can be bequeath'd to none;

Or, if it could, down from th' enamell'd sky

All heaven would come to claim this legacy,250

And with intestine broils the world destroy,

And quite confound Nature's sweet harmony.

Well therefore by the gods decreed it is,

We human creatures should enjoy that bliss.

One is no number;[16] maids are nothing, then,

Without the sweet society of men.

Wilt thou live single still? one shalt thou be,

Though never-singling Hymen couple thee.

Wild savages, that drink of running springs

Think water far excels all earthly things;260

But they, that daily taste neat[17] wine, despise it:

Virginity, albeit some highly prize it,

Compar'd with marriage, had you tried them both,

Differs as much as wine and water doth.

Base bullion for the stamp's sake we allow:

Even so for men's impression do we you;

By which alone, our reverend fathers say,

Women receive perfection every way.

This idol, which you term virginity,

Is neither essence subject to the eye,270

No, nor to any one exterior sense,

Nor hath it any place of residence,

Nor is't of earth or mould celestial,

Or capable of any form at all.

Of that which hath no being, do not boast;

Things that are not at all, are never lost.

Men foolishly do call it virtuous:

What virtue is it, that is born with us?

Much less can honour be ascrib'd thereto:

Honour is purchas'd by the deeds we do;280

Believe me, Hero, honour is not won,

Until some honourable deed be done.

Seek you, for chastity, immortal fame,

And know that some have wrong'd Diana's name?

Whose name is it, if she be false or not,

So she be fair, but some vile tongues will blot?

But you are fair, ay me! so wondrous fair,

So young, so gentle, and so debonair.

As Greece will think, if thus you live alone,

Some one or other keeps you as his own.290

Then, Hero, hate me not, nor from me fly,

To follow swiftly-blasting infamy.

Perhaps thy sacred priesthood makes thee loath:

Tell me to whom mad'st thou that heedless oath?"

"To Venus," answer'd she; and, as she spake,

Forth from those two tralucent cisterns brake

A stream of liquid pearl, which down her face

Made milk-white paths, whereon the gods might trace

To Jove's high court. He thus replied: "The rites

In which Love's beauteous empress most delights,300

Are banquets, Doric music, midnight revel,

Plays, masks, and all that stern age counteth evil.

Thee as a holy idiot doth she scorn;

For thou, in vowing chastity, hast sworn

To rob her name and honour, and thereby

Committ'st a sin far worse than perjury,

Even sacrilege against her deity,

Through regular and formal purity.

To expiate which sin, kiss and shake hands:

Such sacrifice as this Venus demands."310

Thereat she smil'd, and did deny him so,

As put[18] thereby, yet might he hope for mo;

Which makes him quickly reinforce his speech,

And her in humble manner thus beseech:

"Though neither gods nor men may thee deserve,

Yet for her sake, whom you have vow'd to serve,

Abandon fruitless cold virginity,

The gentle queen of Love's sole enemy.

Then shall you most resemble Venus' nun,

When Venus' sweet rites are performed and done.320

Flint-breasted Pallas joys in single life;

But Pallas and your mistress are at strife.

Love, Hero, then, and be not tyrannous;

But heal the heart that thou hast wounded thus;

Nor stain thy youthful years with avarice:

Fair fools delight to be accounted nice.

The richest[19] corn dies, if it be not reapt;

Beauty alone is lost, too warily kept."

These arguments he us'd, and many more;

Wherewith she yielded, that was won before.330

Hero's looks yielded, but her words made war:

Women are won when they begin to jar.

Thus, having swallow'd Cupid's golden hook,

The more she striv'd, the deeper was she strook:

Yet, evilly feigning anger, strove she still,

And would be thought to grant against her will.

So having paus'd a while, at last she said,

"Who taught thee rhetoric to deceive a maid?

Ay me! such words as these should I abhor,

And yet I like them for the orator."340

With that, Leander stooped to have embrac'd her,

But from his spreading arms away she cast her,

And thus bespake him: "Gentle youth, forbear

To touch the sacred garments which I wear.

Upon a rock, and underneath a hill,

Far from the town (where all is whist[20] and still,

Save that the sea, playing on yellow sand,

Sends forth a rattling murmur to the land,

Whose sound allures the golden Morpheus

In silence of the night to visit us),350

My turret stands; and there, God knows, I play

With Venus' swans and sparrows all the day.

A[21] dwarfish beldam bears me company,

That hops about the chamber where I lie,

And spends the night, that might be better spent,

In vain discourse and apish merriment:—

Come thither." As she spake this, her tongue tripp'd,

For unawares "Come thither" from her slipp'd;

And suddenly her former colour chang'd,

And here and there her eyes through anger rang'd;360

And, like a planet moving several ways

At one self instant, she, poor soul, assays,

Loving, not to love at all, and every part

Strove to resist the motions of her heart:

And hands so pure, so innocent, nay, such

As might have made Heaven stoop to have a touch,

Did she uphold to Venus, and again

Vow'd spotless chastity; but all in vain;

Cupid beats down her prayers with his wings;

Her vows above[22] the empty air he flings:370

All deep enrag'd, his sinewy bow he bent,

And shot a shaft that burning from him went;

Wherewith she strooken, look'd so dolefully,

As made Love sigh to see his tyranny;

And, as she wept, her tears to pearl he turn'd,

And wound them on his arm, and for her mourn'd.

Then towards the palace of the Destinies,

Laden with languishment and grief, he flies,

And to those stern nymphs humbly made request,

Both might enjoy each other, and be blest.380

But with a ghastly dreadful countenance,

Threatening a thousand deaths at every glance,

They answer'd Love, nor would vouchsafe so much

As one poor word, their hate to him was such:

Hearken awhile, and I will tell you why.

Heaven's wingèd herald, Jove-born Mercury,

The self-same day that he asleep had laid

Enchanted Argus, spied a country maid,

Whose careless hair, instead of pearl t'adorn it,

Glister'd with dew, as one that seemed to scorn it;390

Her breath as fragrant as the morning rose;

Her mind pure, and her tongue untaught to glose:

Yet proud she was (for lofty Pride that dwells

In tower'd courts, is oft in shepherds' cells),

And too-too well the fair vermillion knew

And silver tincture of her cheeks that drew

The love of every swain. On her this god

Enamour'd was, and with his snaky rod

Did charm her nimble feet, and made her stay,

The while upon a hillock down he lay,400

And sweetly on his pipe began to play,

And with smooth speech her fancy to assay,

Till in his twining arms he lock'd her fast,

And then he woo'd with kisses; and at last,

As shepherds do, her on the ground he laid,

And, tumbling in the grass, he often stray'd

Beyond the bounds of shame, in being bold

To eye those parts which no eye should behold;

And, like an insolent commanding lover,

Boasting his parentage, would needs discover410

The way to new Elysium. But she,

Whose only dower was her chastity,

Having striven in vain, was now about to cry,

And crave the help of shepherds that were nigh.

Herewith he stay'd his fury, and began

To give her leave to rise: away she ran;

After went Mercury, who used such cunning,

As she, to hear his tale, let off her running

(Maids are not won by brutish force and might,

But speeches full of pleasures and delight);420

And, knowing Hermes courted her, was glad

That she such loveliness and beauty had

As could provoke his liking; yet was mute,

And neither would deny nor grant his suit.

Still vow'd he love: she, wanting no excuse

To feed him with delays, as women use,

Or thirsting after immortality,

(All women are ambitious naturally),

Impos'd upon her lover such a task,

As he ought not perform, nor yet she ask;430

A draught of flowing nectar she requested,

Wherewith the king of gods and men is feasted.

He, ready to accomplish what she will'd,

Stole some from Hebe (Hebe Jove's cup fill'd),

And gave it to his simple rustic love:

Which being known,—as what is hid from Jove?—

He inly storm'd, and wax'd more furious

Than for the fire filch'd by Prometheus;

And thrusts him down from heaven. He, wandering here,

In mournful terms, with sad and heavy cheer,440

Complain'd to Cupid: Cupid, for his sake,

To be reveng'd on Jove did undertake;

And those on whom heaven, earth, and hell relies,

I mean the adamantine Destinies,

He wounds with love, and forc'd them equally

To dote upon deceitful Mercury.

They offer'd him the deadly fatal knife

That shears the slender threads[23] of human life;

At his fair-feather'd feet the engines laid,

Which th' earth from ugly Chaos' den upweigh'd.450

These he regarded not; but did entreat

That Jove, usurper of his father's seat,

Might presently be banish'd into hell,

And agèd Saturn in Olympus dwell.

They granted what he crav'd; and once again

Saturn and Ops began their golden reign:

Murder, rape, war, and[24] lust, and treachery,

Were with Jove clos'd in Stygian empery.

But long this blessèd time continu'd not:

As soon as he his wishèd purpose got,460

He, reckless of his promise, did despise

The love of th' everlasting Destinies.

They, seeing it, both Love and him abhorr'd,

And Jupiter unto his place restor'd:

And, but that Learning, in despite of Fate,

Will mount aloft, and enter heaven-gate,

And to the seat of Jove itself advance,

Hermes had slept in hell with Ignorance.

Yet, as a punishment, they added this,

That he and Poverty should always kiss;470

And to this day is every scholar poor:

Gross gold from them runs headlong to the boor.

Likewise the angry Sisters, thus deluded,

To venge themselves on Hermes, have concluded

That Midas' brood shall sit in Honour's chair,

To which the Muses' sons are only heir;

And fruitful wits, that inaspiring[25] are,

Shall, discontent, run into regions far;

And few great lords in virtuous deeds shall joy

But be surpris'd with every garish toy,480

And still enrich the lofty servile clown,

Who with encroaching guile keeps learning down.

Then muse not Cupid's suit no better sped,

Seeing in their loves the Fates were injurèd.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] The Arguments are by Chapman, who also divided Marlowe's portion of the form into the First and Second Sestiad.

[2] Eds. 1600, 1606, 1613, "Sea-borders."—Ed. 1598, according to Malone, has "sea-borderers;" and so eds. 1629, 1637.

[3] Some editions give "wore."

[4] Some eds. have "rockt," which may be the right reading.

[5] So ed. 1637.—The earlier editions that I have seen read "may."

[6] Cf. Venus and Adonis (l. 3)—

"Rose-cheek'd Adonis hied him to the chace."

[7] So Hamlet i. 1—

"The moist star,

Upon whose influence Neptune's empire stands."

[8] "Thrilling—tremulously moving."—Dyce. Perhaps the meaning rather is penetrating—drilling its way through—"the gloomy sky."

[9] Variegated (Lat. discolor).

[10] Dyce quotes a passage of Harington's Orlando Furioso where "flowre" (floor) rhymes with "towre."

[11] Ed. 1600 and later 4tos. "Tail'd." For the coupling of "Vailed" with "veiling," cf. 2. Tamb. v. iii. 6. "pitch their pitchy tents."

[12] This line is quoted in As you like it, iii. 5:—

"Dead shepherd, now I find thy saw of might,—

Who ever lov'd, that lov'd not at first sight."

[13] "A periphrasis of Night." Marginal note in ed. 1598.

[14] Lines 199-204, 221-222, are quoted, not quite accurately, by Matthew in Every Man in his Humour, iv. 1.

[15] Some eds. give "between."

[16] Cf. Shakespeare, Sonnet cxxxvi.—

"Among a number one is reckoned none."

[17] Some eds. read "sweet."

[18] Cf. Second Sestiad, l. 73—

"She with a kind of granting put him by it."

[19] This line is quoted in England's Parnassus with the reading "ripest."

[20] Hushed.

[21] "To the 'beldam nurse' there occurs the following allusion in Drayton's Heroical Epistle from Queen Mary to Charles Brandon:—

'There is no beldam nurse to powt nor lower

When wantoning we revell in my tower,

Nor need I top my turret with a light,

To guide thee to me as thou swim'st by night.'"—Broughton.

[22] So the old eds.—Dyce reads "about."

[23] We are reminded of Lycidas:—

"Comes the blind Fury with the abhorrèd shears

And slits the thin-spun life."

[24] Omitted in ed. 1600 and later 4tos.

[25] This word cannot be right. Query, "high-aspiring?"

---

THE SECOND SESTIAD.

The Argument of the Second Sestiad.

Hero of love takes deeper sense,

And doth her love more recompense:

Their first night's meeting, where sweet kisses

Are th' only crowns of both their blisses

He swims t' Abydos, and returns:

Cold Neptune with his beauty burns;

Whose suit he shuns, and doth aspire

Hero's fair tower and his desire.

By this, sad Hero, with love unacquainted,

Viewing Leander's face, fell down and fainted.

He kiss'd her, and breath'd life[26] into her lips;

Wherewith, as one displeas'd, away she trips;

Yet, as she went, full often look'd behind,

And many poor excuses did she find

To linger by the way, and once she stay'd,

And would have turn'd again, but was afraid,

In offering parley, to be counted light:

So on she goes, and, in her idle flight,10

Her painted fan of curled plumes let fall,

Thinking to train Leander therewithal.

He, being a novice, knew not what she meant,

But stay'd, and after her a letter sent;

Which joyful Hero answer'd in such sort,

As he had hope to scale the beauteous fort

Wherein the liberal Graces locked their wealth;

And therefore to her tower he got by stealth.

Wide open stood the door; he need not climb;

And she herself, before the pointed time,20

Had spread the board, with roses strew'd the room,

And oft looked out, and mused he did not come.

At last he came: O, who can tell the greeting

These greedy lovers had at their first meeting?

He asked; she gave; and nothing was denied;

Both to each other quickly were affied:

Look how their hands, so were their hearts united,

And what he did, she willingly requited.

(Sweet are the kisses, the embracements sweet,

When like desires and like[27] affections meet;30

For from the earth to heaven is Cupid raised,

Where fancy is in equal balance paised.[28])

Yet she this rashness suddenly repented,

And turn'd aside, and to herself lamented,

As if her name and honour had been wronged

By being possessed of him for whom she longed;

I, and she wished, albeit not from her heart,

That he would leave her turret and depart.

The mirthful god of amorous pleasure smiled

To see how he this captive nymph beguiled;40

For hitherto he did but fan the fire,

And kept it down, that it might mount the higher.

Now wax'd she jealous lest his love abated,

Fearing her own thoughts made her to be hated.

Therefore unto him hastily she goes,

And, like light Salmacis, her body throws

Upon his bosom, where with yielding eyes

She offers up herself a sacrifice

To slake her anger, if he were displeased:

O, what god would not therewith be appeased?50

Like Æsop's cock, this jewel he enjoyed,

And as a brother with his sister toyed,

Supposing nothing else was to be done,

Now he her favour and goodwill had won.

But know you not that creatures wanting sense,

By nature have a mutual appetence,

And, wanting organs to advance a step,

Mov'd by love's force, unto each other lep?

Much more in subjects having intellect

Some hidden influence breeds like effect.60

Albeit Leander, rude in love and raw,

Long dallying with Hero, nothing saw

That might delight him more, yet he suspected

Some amorous rites or other were neglected.

Therefore unto his body hers he clung:

She, fearing on the rushes[29] to be flung,

Strived with redoubled strength; the more she strived,

The more a gentle pleasing heat revived,

Which taught him all that elder lovers know;

And now the same gan so to scorch and glow,70

As in plain terms, yet cunningly, he'd crave[30] it:

Love always makes those eloquent that have it.

She, with a kind of granting, put him by it,

And ever, as he thought himself most nigh it,

Like to the tree of Tantalus, she fled,

And, seeming lavish, saved her maidenhead.

Ne'er king more sought to keep his diadem,

Than Hero this inestimable gem:

Above our life we love a steadfast friend;

Yet when a token of great worth we send,80

We often kiss it, often look thereon,

And stay the messenger that would be gone;

No marvel, then, though Hero would not yield

So soon to part from that she dearly held:

Jewels being lost are found again; this never;

'Tis lost but once, and once lost, lost for ever.

Now had the Morn espied her lover's steeds;

Whereat she starts, puts on her purple weeds,

And, red for anger that he stayed so long,

All headlong throws herself the clouds among.90

And now Leander, fearing to be missed,

Embraced her suddenly, took leave, and kissed:

Long was he taking leave, and loath to go,

And kissed again, as lovers use to do.

Sad Hero wrung him by the hand, and wept,

Saying, "Let your vows and promises be kept:"

Then standing at the door, she turned about,

As loath to see Leander going out.

And now the sun, that through th' horizon peeps,

As pitying these lovers, downward creeps;100

So that in silence of the cloudy night,

Though it was morning, did he take his flight.

But what the secret trusty night concealed,

Leander's amorous habit soon revealed:

With Cupid's myrtle was his bonnet crowned,

About his arms the purple riband wound,

Wherewith she wreath'd her largely-spreading hair;

Nor could the youth abstain, but he must wear

The sacred ring wherewith she was endowed,

When first religious chastity she vowed;110

Which made his love through Sestos to be known,

And thence unto Abydos sooner blown

Than he could sail; for incorporeal Fame,

Whose weight consists in nothing but her name,

Is swifter than the wind, whose tardy plumes

Are reeking water and dull earthly fumes.

Home when he came, he seemed not to be there,

But, like exilèd air thrust from his sphere,

Set in a foreign place; and straight from thence,

Alcides-like, by mighty violence,120

He would have chas'd away the swelling main,

That him from her unjustly did detain.

Like as the sun in a diameter

Fires and inflames objects removèd far,

And heateth kindly, shining laterally;

So beauty sweetly quickens when 'tis nigh,

But being separated and removed,

Burns where it cherished, murders where it loved.

Therefore even as an index to a book,

So to his mind was young Leander's look.130

O, none but gods have power[31] their love to hide!

Affection by the countenance is descried;

The light of hidden fire itself discovers,

And love that is concealed betrays poor lovers.

His secret flame apparently was seen:

Leander's father knew where he had been,

And for the same mildly rebuk'd his son,

Thinking to quench the sparkles new-begun.

But love, resisted once, grows passionate,

And nothing more than counsel lovers hate;140

For as a hot proud horse highly disdains

To have his head controlled, but breaks the reins,

Spits forth the ringled[32] bit, and with his hoves

Checks the submissive ground; so he that loves,

The more he is restrain'd, the worse he fares:

What is it now but mad Leander dares?

"O Hero, Hero!" thus he cried full oft;

And then he got him to a rock aloft,

Where having spied her tower, long star'd he on't,

And pray'd the narrow toiling Hellespont150

To part in twain, that he might come and go;

But still the rising billows answer'd, "No."

With that, he stripp'd him to the ivory skin,

And, crying, "Love, I come," leap'd lively in:

Whereat the sapphire-visaged god grew proud,

And made his capering Triton sound aloud,

Imagining that Ganymede, displeas'd,

Had left the heavens; therefore on him he seiz'd.

Leander strived; the waves about him wound,

And pull'd him to the bottom, where the ground160

Was strewed with pearl, and in low coral groves

Sweet-singing mermaids sported with their loves

On heaps of heavy gold, and took great pleasure

To spurn in careless sort the shipwreck treasure;

For here the stately azure palace stood,

Where kingly Neptune and his train abode.

The lusty god embrac'd him, called him "Love,"

And swore he never should return to Jove:

But when he knew it was not Ganymed,

For under water he was almost dead,170

He heav'd him up, and, looking on his face,

Beat down the bold waves with his triple mace,

Which mounted up, intending to have kiss'd him,

And fell in drops like tears because they miss'd him.

Leander, being up, began to swim,

And, looking back, saw Neptune follow him:

Whereat aghast, the poor soul gan to cry,

"O, let me visit Hero ere I die!"

The god put Helle's bracelet on his arm,

And swore the sea should never do him harm.180

He clapped his plump cheeks, with his tresses played,

And, smiling wantonly, his love bewrayed;

He watched his arms, and, as they open'd wide

At every stroke, betwixt them would he slide,

And steal a kiss, and then run out and dance,

And, as he turn'd, cast many a lustful glance,

And throw him gaudy toys to please his eye,

And dive into the water, and there pry

Upon his breast, his thighs, and every limb,

And up again, and close beside him swim,190

And talk of love. Leander made reply,

"You are deceiv'd; I am no woman, I."

Thereat smil'd Neptune, and then told a tale,

How that a shepherd, sitting in a vale,

Play'd with a boy so lovely-fair[33] and kind,

As for his love both earth and heaven pin'd;

That of the cooling river durst not drink,

Lest water-nymphs should pull him from the brink;

And when he sported in the fragrant lawns,

Goat-footed Satyrs and up-staring[34] Fauns200

Would steal him thence. Ere half this tale was done,

"Ay me," Leander cried, "th' enamoured sun,

That now should shine on Thetis' glassy bower,

Descends upon my radiant Hero's tower:

O, that these tardy arms of mine were wings!"

And, as he spake, upon the waves he springs.

Neptune was angry that he gave no ear,

And in his heart revenging malice bare:

He flung at him his mace; but, as it went,

He call'd it in, for love made him repent:210

The mace, returning back, his own hand hit,

As meaning to be venged for darting it.

When this fresh-bleeding wound Leander viewed,

His colour went and came, as if he rued

The grief which Neptune felt: in gentle breasts

Relenting thoughts, remorse, and pity rests;

And who have hard hearts and obdurate minds,

But vicious, hare-brained, and illiterate hinds?

The god, seeing him with pity to be moved,

Thereon concluded that he was beloved.220

(Love is too full of faith, too credulous,

With folly and false hope deluding us);

Wherefore, Leander's fancy to surprise,

To the rich ocean for gifts he flies:

Tis wisdom to give much; a gift prevails

When deep persuading oratory fails,

By this, Leander, being near the land,

Cast down his weary feet, and felt the sand.

Breathless albeit he were, he rested not

Till to the solitary tower he got;230

And knocked and called: at which celestial noise

The longing heart of Hero much more joys,

Than nymphs and shepherds when the timbrel rings,

Or crookèd dolphin when the sailor sings.

She stayed not for her robes, but straight arose,

And, drunk with gladness, to the door she goes;

Where seeing a naked man, she screeched for fear

(Such sights as this to tender maids are rare),

And ran into the dark herself to hide

(Rich jewels in the dark are soonest spied).240

Unto her was he led, or rather drawn,

By those white limbs which sparkled through the lawn.

The nearer that he came, the more she fled,

And, seeking refuge, slipt into her bed;

Whereon Leander sitting, thus began,

Through numbing cold, all feeble, faint, and wan.

"If not for love, yet, love, for pity-sake,

Me in thy bed and maiden bosom take;

At least vouchsafe these arms some little room,

Who, hoping to embrace thee, cheerly swoom:250

This head was beat with many a churlish billow,

And therefore let it rest upon thy pillow."

Herewith affrighted, Hero shrunk away,

And in her lukewarm place Leander lay;

Whose lively heat, like fire from heaven fet,[35]

Would animate gross clay, and higher set

The drooping thoughts of base-declining souls,

Than dreary-Mars-carousing nectar bowls.

His hands he cast upon her like a snare:

She, overcome with shame and sallow[36] fear,260

Like chaste Diana when Actæon spied her,

Being suddenly betray'd, div'd down to hide her;

And, as her silver body downward went,

With both her hands she made the bed a tent,

And in her own mind thought herself secure,

O'ercast with dim and darksome coverture.

And now she lets him whisper in her ear,

Flatter, entreat, promise, protest, and swear:

Yet ever, as he greedily assay'd

To touch those dainties, she the harpy play'd,270

And every limb did, as a soldier stout,

Defend the fort, and keep the foeman out;

For though the rising ivory mount he scal'd,

Which is with azure circling lines empal'd,

Much like a globe (a globe may I term this,

By which Love sails to regions full of bliss),

Yet there with Sisyphus he toil'd in vain,

Till gentle parley did the truce obtain

Even[37] as a bird, which in our hands we wring,

Forth plungeth, and oft flutters with her wing,280

She trembling strove: this strife of hers, like that

Which made the world, another world begat

Of unknown joy. Treason was in her thought,

And cunningly to yield herself she sought.

Seeming not won, yet won she was at length:

In such wars women use but half their strength.

Leander now, like Theban Hercules,

Enter'd the orchard of th' Hesperides;

Whose fruit none rightly can describe, but he

That pulls or shakes it from the golden tree.290

Wherein Leander, on her quivering breast,

Breathless spoke something, and sigh'd out the rest;

Which so prevail'd, as he with small ado,

Enclos'd her in his arms, and kiss'd her too:

And every kiss to her was as a charm,

And to Leander as a fresh alarm:

So that the truce was broke, and she, alas,

Poor silly maiden, at his mercy was.

Love is not full of pity, as men say,

But deaf and cruel where he means to prey.300

And now she wish'd this night were never done,

And sigh'd to think upon th' approaching sun;

For much it griev'd her that the bright day-light

Should know the pleasure of this blessèd night,

And them, like Mars and Erycine, display[38]

Both in each other's arms chain'd as they lay.

Again, she knew not how to frame her look,

Or speak to him, who in a moment took

That which so long, so charily she kept;

And fain by stealth away she would have crept,310

And to some corner secretly have gone,

Leaving Leander in the bed alone.

But as her naked feet were whipping out,

He on the sudden cling'd her so about,

That, mermaid-like, unto the floor she slid;

One half appear'd, the other half was hid.

Thus near the bed she blushing stood upright,

And from her countenance behold ye might

A kind of twilight break, which through the air,[39]

As from an orient cloud, glimps'd[40] here and there;320

And round about the chamber this false morn

Brought forth the day before the day was born.

So Hero's ruddy cheek Hero betray'd,

And her all naked to his sight display'd:

Whence his admiring eyes more pleasure took

Than Dis,[41] on heaps of gold fixing his look.

By this, Apollo's golden harp began

To sound forth music to the ocean;

Which watchful Hesperus no sooner heard,

But he the bright Day-bearing car[42] prepar'd,330

And ran before, as harbinger of light,

And with his flaring beams mock'd ugly Night,

Till she, o'ercome with anguish, shame, and rage,

Dang'd[43] down to hell her loathsome carriage.

FOOTNOTES:

[26] Cf. Rom. and Jul. v. 1—

"I dreamed my lady came and found me dead,

Strange dream that gives a dead man leave to think!—

And breathed such life with kisses in my lips,

That I revived and was an emperor."

[27] Omitted in eds. 1600, 1606, 1613, and 1637.

[28] Peised, weighed.

[29] Rooms were strewed with rushes before the introduction of carpets. Shakespeare, like Marlowe, attributed the customs of his own day to ancient times. Cf. Cymb. ii. 2—

"Our Tarquin thus

Did softly press the rushes ere he wakened

The chastity he wounded."

[30] Old eds. "crau'd."

[31] Some eds. give "O, none have power but gods."

[32] "In ages and countries where mechanical ingenuity has but few outlets it exhausts itself in the constructions of bits, each more peculiar in form or more torturing in effect than that which has preceded it. I have seen collections of these instruments of torments, and among them some of which Marlowe's curious adjective would have been highly descriptive. It may be, however, that the word is 'ring-led,' in which shape it would mean guided by the ring on each side like a snaffle."—Cunningham.

[33] Some eds. give "so faire and kind." Cf. Othello, iv. 2—

"O thou wind

Who art so lovely-fair and smell'st so sweet."

[34] Ed. 1613 and later eds. "upstarting."

[35] Fetched

[36] Some eds. give "shallow."

[37] In the old eds. this line and the next stood after l. 300. The transposition was made by Singer in the edition of 1821.

[38] Old eds.—"then ... displaid," and in the next line "laid."

[39] Old eds. "heare" and "haire."

[40] Old eds. "glympse."

[41] Pluto was frequently identified by the Greeks with Plutus.

[42] Old eds. "day bright-bearing car."

[43] Dinged, dashed. Some eds. give "hurled."—Here Marlowe's share ends.

---

THE EPISTLE[44] DEDICATORY

TO MY

BEST ESTEEMED AND WORTHILY HONOURED LADY THE

LADY WALSINGHAM,

ONE OF THE LADIES OF HER MAJESTY'S BED-CHAMBER.

I present your ladyship with the last affections of the first two Lovers that ever Muse shrined in the Temple of Memory; being drawn by strange instigation to employ some of my serious time in so trifling a subject, which yet made the first Author, divine Musaeus, eternal. And were it not that we must subject our accounts of these common received conceits to servile custom, it goes much against my hand to sign that for a trifling subject on which more worthiness of soul hath been shewed, and weight of divine wit, than can vouchsafe residence in the leaden gravity of any money-monger; in whose profession all serious subjects are concluded. But he that shuns trifles must shun the world; out of whose reverend heaps of substance and austerity I can and will ere long single or tumble out as brainless and passionate fooleries as ever panted in the bosom of the most ridiculous lover. Accept it, therefore, good Madam, though as a trifle, yet as a serious argument of my affection; for to be thought thankful for all free and honourable favours is a great sum of that riches my whole thrift intendeth.

Such uncourtly and silly dispositions as mine, whose contentment hath other objects than profit or glory, are as glad, simply for the naked merit of virtue, to honour such as advance her, as others that are hard to commend with deepliest politique bounty.

It hath therefore adjoined much contentment to my desire of your true honour to hear men of desert in court add to mine own knowledge of your noble disposition how gladly you do your best to prefer their desires, and have as absolute respect to their mere good parts as if they came perfumed and charmed with golden incitements. And this most sweet inclination, that flows from the truth and eternity of Nobles[se], assure your Ladyship doth more suit your other ornaments, and makes more to the advancement of your name and happiness of your proceedings, than if like others you displayed ensigns of state and sourness in your forehead, made smooth with nothing but sensuality and presents.

This poor Dedication (in figure of the other unity betwixt Sir Thomas and yourself) hath rejoined you with him, my honoured best friend; whose continuance of ancient kindness to my still-obscured estate, though it cannot increase my love to him which hath been entirely circular; yet shall it encourage my deserts to their utmost requital, and make my hearty gratitude speak; to which the unhappiness of my life hath hitherto been uncomfortable and painful dumbness.

By your Ladyship's vowed in

most wished service,

GEORGE CHAPMAN.

FOOTNOTES:

[44] This Epistle is only found in the Isham copy, 1598.

---

THE THIRD SESTIAD.

The Argument of the Third Sestiad.

Leander to the envious light

Resigns his night-sports with the night,

And swims the Hellespont again.

Thesme, the deity sovereign

Of customs and religious rites,

Appears, reproving[45] his delights,

Since nuptial honours he neglected;

Which straight he vows shall be effected.

Fair Hero, left devirginate,

Weighs, and with fury wails her state;10

But with her love and woman's wit

She argues and approveth it.

New light gives new directions, fortunes new,

To fashion our endeavours that ensue.

More harsh, at least more hard, more grave and high

Our subject runs, and our stern Muse must fly.

Love's edge is taken off, and that light flame,

Those thoughts, joys, longings, that before became

High unexperienc'd blood, and maids' sharp plights,

Must now grow staid, and censure the delights,

That, being enjoy'd, ask judgment; now we praise,

As having parted: evenings crown the days.10

And now, ye wanton Loves, and young Desires,

Pied Vanity, the mint of strange attires,

Ye lisping Flatteries, and obsequious Glances,

Relentful Musics, and attractive Dances,

And you detested Charms constraining love!

Shun love's stoln sports by that these lovers prove.

By this, the sovereign of heaven's golden fires,

And young Leander, lord of his desires,

Together from their lovers' arms arose:

Leander into Hellespontus throws20

His Hero-handled body, whose delight

Made him disdain each other epithite.

And as amidst th' enamour'd waves he swims,

The god of gold[46] of purpose gilt his limbs,

That, this word gilt[47] including double sense,

The double guilt of his incontinence

Might be express'd, that had no stay t' employ

The treasure which the love-god let him joy

In his dear Hero, with such sacred thrift

As had beseem'd so sanctified a gift;30

But, like a greedy vulgar prodigal,

Would on the stock dispend, and rudely fall,

Before his time, to that unblessèd blessing

Which, for lust's plague, doth perish with possessing:

Joy graven in sense, like snow[48] in water, wasts:

Without preserve of virtue, nothing lasts.

What man is he, that with a wealthy eye

Enjoys a beauty richer than the sky,

Through whose white skin, softer than soundest sleep,

With damask eyes the ruby blood doth peep,40

And runs in branches through her azure veins,

Whose mixture and first fire his love attains;

Whose both hands limit both love's deities,

And sweeten human thoughts like Paradise;

Whose disposition silken is and kind,

Directed with an earth-exempted mind;—

Who thinks not heaven with such a love is given?

And who, like earth, would spend that dower of heaven,

With rank desire to joy it all at first?

What simply kills our hunger, quencheth thirst,50

Clothes but our nakedness, and makes us live,

Praise doth not any of her favours give:

But what doth plentifully minister

Beauteous apparel and delicious cheer,

So order'd that it still excites desire,

And still gives pleasure freeness to aspire,

The palm of Bounty ever moist preserving;

To Love's sweet life this is the courtly carving.

Thus Time and all-states-ordering Ceremony

Had banish'd all offence: Time's golden thigh60

Upholds the flowery body of the earth

In sacred harmony, and every birth

Of men and actions[49] makes legitimate;

Being us'd aright, the use of time is fate.

Yet did the gentle flood transfer once more

This prize of love home to his father's shore;

Where he unlades himself on that false wealth

That makes few rich,—treasures compos'd by stealth;

And to his sister, kind Hermione

(Who on the shore kneel'd, praying to the sea70

For his return), he all love's goods did show,

In Hero seis'd for him, in him for Hero.

His most kind sister all his secrets knew,

And to her, singing, like a shower, he flew,

Sprinkling the earth, that to their tombs took in

Streams dead for love, to leave his ivory shin,

Which yet a snowy foam did leave above,

As soul to the dead water that did love;

And from hence did the first white roses spring

(For love is sweet and fair in everything),80

And all the sweeten'd shore, as he did go,

Was crown'd with odorous roses, white as snow.

Love-blest Leander was with love so fill'd,

That love to all that touch'd him he instill'd;

And as the colours of all things we see,

To our sight's powers communicated be,

So to all objects that in compass came

Of any sense he had, his senses' flame

Flow'd from his parts with force so virtual,

It fir'd with sense things mere[50] insensual.90

Now, with warm baths and odours comforted,

When he lay down, he kindly kiss'd his bed,

As consecrating it to Hero's right,

And vow'd thereafter, that whatever sight

Put him in mind of Hero or her bliss,

Should be her altar to prefer a kiss.

Then laid he forth his late-enrichèd arms,

In whose white circle Love writ all his charms,

And made his characters sweet Hero's limbs,

When on his breast's warm sea she sideling swims;100

And as those arms, held up in circle, met,

He said, "See, sister, Hero's carquenet!

Which she had rather wear about her neck,

Than all the jewels that do Juno deck."

But, as he shook with passionate desire

To put in flame his other secret fire,

A music so divine did pierce his ear,

As never yet his ravish'd sense did hear;

When suddenly a light of twenty hues

Brake through the roof, and, like the rainbow, views,110

Amaz'd Leander: in whose beams came down

The goddess Ceremony, with a crown

Of all the stars; and Heaven with her descended:

Her flaming hair to her bright feet extended,

By which hung all the bench of deities;

And in a chain, compact of ears and eyes,

She led Religion: all her body was

Clear and transparent as the purest glass,

For she was all[51] presented to the sense:

Devotion, Order, State, and Reverence,120

Her shadows were; Society, Memory;

All which her sight made live, her absence die.

A rich disparent pentacle[52] she wears,

Drawn full of circles and strange characters.

Her face was changeable to every eye;

One way look'd ill, another graciously;

Which while men view'd, they cheerful were and holy,

But looking off, vicious and melancholy.

The snaky paths to each observèd law

Did Policy in her broad bosom draw.130

One hand a mathematic crystal sways,

Which, gathering in one line a thousand rays

From her bright eyes, Confusion burns to death,

And all estates of men distinguisheth:

By it Morality and Comeliness

Themselves in all their sightly figures dress.

Her other hand a laurel rod applies,

To beat back Barbarism and Avarice,

That follow'd, eating earth and excrement

And human limbs; and would make proud ascent140

To seats of gods, were Ceremony slain.

The Hours and Graces bore her glorious train;

And all the sweets of our society

Were spher'd and treasur'd in her bounteous eye.

Thus she appear'd, and sharply did reprove

Leander's bluntness in his violent love;

Told him how poor was substance without rites,

Like bills unsign'd; desires without delights;

Like meats unseason'd; like rank corn that grows

On cottages, that none or reaps or sows;150

Not being with civil forms confirm'd and bounded,

For human dignities and comforts founded;

But loose and secret all their glories hide;

Fear fills the chamber, Darkness decks the bride.

She vanish'd, leaving pierc'd Leander's heart

With sense of his unceremonious part,

In which, with plain neglect of nuptial rites,

He close and flatly fell to his delights:

And instantly he vow'd to celebrate

All rites pertaining to his married state.160

So up he gets, and to his father goes,

To whose glad ears he doth his vows disclose.

The nuptials are resolv'd with utmost power;

And he at night would swim to Hero's tower,

From whence he meant to Sestos' forkèd bay

To bring her covertly, where ships must stay,

Sent by his[53] father, throughly rigg'd and mann'd,

To waft her safely to Abydos' strand.

There leave we him; and with fresh wing pursue

Astonish'd Hero, whose most wishèd view170

I thus long have foreborne, because I left her

So out of countenance, and her spirits bereft her:

To look on one abash'd is impudence,

When of slight faults he hath too deep a sense.

Her blushing het[54] her chamber; she look'd out,

And all the air she purpled round about;

And after it a foul black day befell,

Which ever since a red morn doth foretell,

And still renews our woes for Hero's woe;

And foul it prov'd because it figur'd so180

The next night's horror; which prepare to hear;

I fail, if it profane your daintiest ear.

Then, ho,[55] most strangely-intellectual fire,

That, proper to my soul, hast power t' inspire

Her burning faculties, and with the wings

Of thy unspherèd flame visit'st the springs

Of spirits immortal! Now (as swift as Time

Doth follow Motion) find th' eternal clime

Of his free soul, whose living subject[56] stood

Up to the chin in the Pierian flood,190

And drunk to me half this Musæan story,

Inscribing it to deathless memory:

Confer with it, and make my pledge as deep,

That neither's draught be consecrate to sleep;

Tell it how much his late desires I tender

(If yet it know not), and to light surrender

My soul's dark offspring, willing it should die

To loves, to passions, and society.

Sweet Hero, left upon her bed alone,

Her maidenhead, her vows, Leander gone,200

And nothing with her but a violent crew

Of new-come thoughts, that yet she never knew,

Even to herself a stranger, was much like

Th' Iberian city[57] that War's hand did strike

By English force in princely Essex' guide,

When Peace assur'd her towers had fortified,

And golden-finger'd India had bestow'd

Such wealth on her, that strength and empire flow'd

Into her turrets, and her virgin waist

The wealthy girdle of the sea embraced;210

Till our Leander, that made Mars his Cupid,

For soft love-suits, with iron thunders chid;

Swum to her towers,[58] dissolv'd her virgin zone;

Led in his power, and made Confusion

Run through her streets amaz'd, that she suppos'd

She had not been in her own walls enclos'd,

But rapt by wonder to some foreign state,

Seeing all her issue so disconsolate,

And all her peaceful mansions possess'd

With war's just spoil, and many a foreign guest220

From every corner driving an enjoyer,

Supplying it with power of a destroyer.

So far'd fair Hero in th' expugnèd fort

Of her chaste bosom; and of every sort

Strange thoughts possess'd her, ransacking her breast

For that that was not there, her wonted rest.

She was a mother straight, and bore with pain

Thoughts that spake straight, and wish'd their mother slain;

She hates their lives, and they their own and hers:

Such strife still grows where sin the race prefers:230

Love is a golden bubble, full of dreams,

That waking breaks, and fills us with extremes.

She mus'd how she could look upon her sire,

And not shew that without, that was intire;[59]

For as a glass is an inanimate eye,

And outward forms embraceth inwardly,

So is the eye an animate glass, that shows

In-forms without us; and as Phœbus throws

His beams abroad, though he in clouds be clos'd,

Still glancing by them till he find oppos'd240

A loose and rorid vapour that is fit

T' event[60] his searching beams, and useth it

To form a tender twenty-colour'd eye,

Cast in a circle round about the sky;

So when our fiery soul, our body's star,

(That ever is in motion circular,)

Conceives a form, in seeking to display it

Through all our cloudy parts, it doth convey it

Forth at the eye, as the most pregnant place,

And that reflects it round about the face.250

And this event, uncourtly Hero thought,

Her inward guilt would in her looks have wrought;

For yet the world's stale cunning she resisted,

To bear foul thoughts, yet forge what looks she listed,

And held it for a very silly sleight,

To make a perfect metal counterfeit,

Glad to disclaim herself, proud of an art

That makes the face a pandar to the heart.

Those be the painted moons, whose lights profane

Beauty's true Heaven, at full still in their wane;260

Those be the lapwing-faces that still cry,

"Here 'tis!" when that they vow is nothing nigh:

Base fools! when every moorish fool[61] can teach

That which men think the height of human reach.

But custom, that the apoplexy is

Of bed-rid nature and lives led amiss,

And takes away all feeling of offence,

Yet braz'd not Hero's brow with impudence;

And this she thought most hard to bring to pass,

To seem in countenance other than she was,270

As if she had two souls, one for the face,

One for the heart, and that they shifted place

As either list to utter or conceal

What they conceiv'd, or as one soul did deal

With both affairs at once, keeps and ejects

Both at an instant contrary effects;

Retention and ejection in her powers

Being acts alike; for this one vice of ours,

That forms the thought, and sways the countenance,

Rules both our motion and our utterance.280

These and more grave conceits toil'd Hero's spirits;

For, though the light of her discoursive wits

Perhaps might find some little hole to pass

Through all these worldly cinctures, yet, alas!

There was a heavenly flame encompass'd her,—

Her goddess, in whose fane she did prefer

Her virgin vows, from whose impulsive sight

She knew the black shield of the darkest night

Could not defend her, nor wit's subtlest art:

This was the point pierc'd Hero to the heart;290

Who, heavy to the death, with a deep sigh,

And hand that languished, took a robe was nigh,

Exceeding large, and of black cypres[62] made,

In which she sate, hid from the day in shade,

Even over head and face, down to her feet;

Her left hand made it at her bosom meet,

Her right hand lean'd on her heart-bowing knee,

Wrapp'd in unshapeful folds, 'twas death to see;

Her knee stay'd that, and that her falling face;

Each limb help'd other to put on disgrace:300

No form was seen, where form held all her sight;

But like an embryon that saw never light,

Or like a scorchèd statue made a coal

With three-wing'd lightning, or a wretched soul

Muffled with endless darkness, she did sit:

The night had never such a heavy spirit.

Yet might a penetrating[63] eye well see

How fast her clear tears melted on her knee

Through her black veil, and turn'd as black as it,

Mourning to be her tears. Then wrought her wit310

With her broke vow, her goddess' wrath, her fame,—

All tools that enginous[64] despair could frame:

Which made her strew the floor with her torn hair,

And spread her mantle piece-meal in the air.

Like Jove's son's club, strong passion struck her down,

And with a piteous shriek enforc'd her swoun:

Her shriek made with another shriek ascend

The frighted matron that on her did tend;

And as with her own cry her sense was slain,

So with the other it was called again.320

She rose, and to her bed made forcèd way,

And laid her down even where Leander lay;

And all this while the red sea of her blood

Ebb'd with Leander: but now turn'd the flood,

And all her fleet of spirits came swelling in,

With child[65] of sail, and did hot fight begin

With those severe conceits she too much marked:

And here Leander's beauties were embarked.

He came in swimming, painted all with joys,

Such as might sweeten hell: his thought destroys330

All her destroying thoughts; she thought she felt

His heart in hers, with her contentions melt,

And chide her soul that it could so much err,

To check the true joys he deserved in her.

Her fresh-heat blood cast figures in her eyes,

And she suppos'd she saw in Neptune's skies

How her star wander'd, wash'd in smarting brine,

For her love's sake, that with immortal wine

Should be embath'd, and swim in more heart's-ease

Than there was water in the Sestian seas.340

Then said her Cupid-prompted spirit, "Shall I

Sing moans to such delightsome harmony?

Shall slick-tongu'd Fame, patch'd up with voices rude,

The drunken bastard of the multitude

(Begot when father Judgment is away,

And, gossip-like, says because others say,

Takes news as if it were too hot to eat,

And spits it slavering forth for dog-fees meat),

Make me, for forging a fantastic vow,

Presume to bear what makes grave matrons bow?350

Good vows are never broken with good deeds,

For then good deeds were bad: vows are but seeds,

And good deeds fruits; even those good deeds that grow

From other stocks than from th' observèd vow.

That is a good deed that prevents a bad:

Had I not yielded, slain myself I had.

Hero Leander is, Leander Hero;

Such virtue love hath to make one of two.

If, then, Leander did my maidenhead git,

Leander being myself, I still retain it:360

We break chaste vows when we live loosely ever,

But bound as we are, we live loosely never:

Two constant lovers being join'd in one,

Yielding to one another, yield to none.

We know not how to vow till love unblind us,

And vows made ignorantly never bind us.

Too true it is, that, when 'tis gone, men hate

The joy[66] as vain they took in love's estate:

But that's since they have lost the heavenly light

Should show them way to judge of all things right.370

When life is gone, death must implant his terror:

As death is foe to life, so love to error.

Before we love, how range we through this sphere,

Searching the sundry fancies hunted here:

Now with desire of wealth transported quite

Beyond our free humanity's delight;

Now with ambition climbing falling towers,

Whose hope to scale, our fear to fall devours;

Now rapt with pastimes, pomp, all joys impure:

In things without us no delight is sure.380

But love, with all joys crowned, within doth sit:

O goddess, pity love, and pardon it!"

Thus spake she[67] weeping: but her goddess' ear

Burn'd with too stern a heat, and would not hear.

Ay me! hath heaven's strait fingers no more graces

For such as Hero[68] than for homeliest faces?

Yet she hoped well, and in her sweet conceit

Weighing her arguments, she thought them weight,

And that the logic of Leander's beauty,

And them together, would bring proofs of duty;390

And if her soul, that was a skilful glance

Of heaven's great essence, found such imperance[69]

In her love's beauties, she had confidence

Jove loved him too, and pardoned her offence:

Beauty in heaven and earth this grace doth win,

It supples rigour, and it lessens sin.

Thus, her sharp wit, her love, her secrecy,

Trooping together, made her wonder why

She should not leave her bed, and to the temple;

Her health said she must live; her sex, dissemble.400

She viewed Leander's place, and wished he were

Turned to his place, so his place were Leander.

"Ay me," said she, "that love's sweet life and sense

Should do it harm! my love had not gone hence

Had he been like his place: O blessèd place,

Image of constancy! Thus my love's grace

Parts nowhere, but it leaves something behind

Worth observation: he renowns his kind:

His motion is, like heaven's, orbicular,

For where he once is, he is ever there.410

This place was mine; Leander, now 'tis thine;

Thou being myself, then it is double mine,

Mine, and Leander's mine, Leander's mine.

O, see what wealth it yields me, nay, yields him!

For I am in it, he for me doth swim.

Rich, fruitful love, that, doubling self estates,

Elixir-like contracts, though separates!

Dear place, I kiss thee, and do welcome thee,

As from Leander ever sent to me."

FOOTNOTES:

[45] Old eds. "improving."

[46] "He calls Phœbus the god of gold, since the virtue of his beams creates it."—Marginal note in the Isham copy.

[47] The reader will remember how grimly Lady Macbeth plays upon this word:—

"I'll gild the faces of the grooms withal:

For it must seem their guilt."—ii. 2.

[48] "It is not likely that Burns had ever read Hero and Leander, but compare Tam o' Shanter—

'But pleasures are like poppies spread,

You seize the flower, its bloom is shed,

Or like the snow falls in the river,

A moment white—then melts for ever!'"

—Cunningham.

[49] In England's Parnassus the reading is "of men audacious."

[50] Wholly.

[51] Some eds. give "For as she was."

[52] A magical figure formed of intersected triangles. It was supposed to preserve the wearer from the assaults of demons. "Disparent would seem to mean that the five points of the ornaments radiated distinctly one from the other."—Cunningham.

[53] Old eds. "her."

[54] Heated.

[55] Old eds. "how."

[56] Substance, as opposed to spirit. Cf. note. Vol. i., 203.

[57] Cadiz, which was taken in June 21, 1596, by the force under the joint command of Essex and Howard of Effingham.

[58] So the Isham copy.—The other old eds. read "townes," for which Dyce gives "town."

[59] Within.

[60] Vent forth.

[61] "Fowl" and "fool" had the same pronunciation. Cf. 3 Henry VI. v. 6:—

"Why, what a peevish fool was he of Crete,

That taught his son the office of a fowl!

And yet for all his wings the fool was drowned."

The "moorish fool" is explained by the allusion to the lapwing, two lines above. (The lapwing was supposed to draw the searcher from her nest by crying in other places. "The lapwing cries most furthest from her nest."—Ray's Proverbs.)

[62] A kind of crape.

[63] So the modern editors for an "imitating."

[64] Ingenious. Chapman has the form "enginous" in his translation of the Odyssey, i. 452,

"By open force or prospects enginous."

[65] Some modern editors unnecessarily give "With crowd of sail."

[66] Old eds. "joys."

[67] Old eds. "he."

[68] Some eds. give "For such a Hero."

[69] Command.

---

THE FOURTH SESTIAD.

The Argument of the Fourth Sestiad.

Hero, in sacred habit deckt,

Doth private sacrifice effect.

Her scarf's description, wrought by Fate;

Ostents that threaten her estate;

The strange, yet physical, events,

Leander's counterfeit[70] presents.

In thunder Cyprides descends,

Presaging both the lovers' ends:

Ecte, the goddess of remorse,

With vocal and articulate force10

Inspires Leucote, Venus' swan,

T' excuse the Beauteous Sestian.

Venus, to wreak her rites' abuses,

Creates the monster Eronusis,

Inflaming Hero's sacrifice

With lightning darted from her eyes;

And thereof springs the painted beast

That ever since taints every breast.

Now from Leander's place she rose, and found

Her hair and rent robe scatter'd on the ground;

Which taking up, she every piece did lay

Upon an altar, where in youth of day

She us'd t' exhibit private sacrifice:

Those would she offer to the deities

Of her fair goddess and her powerful son,

As relics of her late-felt passion;

And in that holy sort she vow'd to end them,

In hope her violent fancies, that did rend them,10

Would as quite fade in her love's holy fire,

As they should in the flames she meant t' inspire.

Then put she on all her religious weeds,

That decked her in her secret sacred deeds;

A crown of icicles, that sun nor fire

Could ever melt, and figur'd chaste desire;

A golden star shined in her naked breast,

In honour of the queen-light of the east.

In her right hand she held a silver wand,

On whose bright top Peristera did stand.20

Who was a nymph, but now transformed a dove,

And in her life was dear in Venus' love;

And for her sake she ever since that time

Choosed doves to draw her coach through heaven's blue clime.

Her plenteous hair in curlèd billows swims

On her bright shoulder: her harmonious limbs

Sustained no more but a most subtile veil,

That hung on them, as it durst not assail

Their different concord; for the weakest air

Could raise it swelling from her beauties fair;30

Nor did it cover, but adumbrate only

Her most heart-piercing parts, that a blest eye

Might see, as it did shadow, fearfully,

All that all-love-deserving paradise:

It was as blue as the most freezing skies;

Near the sea's hue, for thence her goddess came:

On it a scarf she wore of wondrous frame;

In midst whereof she wrought a virgin's face,

From whose each cheek a fiery blush did chase

Two crimson flames, that did two ways extend,40

Spreading the ample scarf to either end;

Which figur'd the division of her mind,

Whiles yet she rested bashfully inclin'd,

And stood not resolute to wed Leander;

This serv'd her white neck for a purple sphere,

And cast itself at full breadth down her back:

There, since the first breath that begun the wrack

Of her free quiet from Leander's lips,

She wrought a sea, in one flame, full of ships;

But that one ship where all her wealth did pass,50

Like simple merchants' goods, Leander was;

For in that sea she naked figured him;

Her diving needle taught him how to swim,

And to each thread did such resemblance give,

For joy to be so like him it did live:

Things senseless live by art, and rational die

By rude contempt of art and industry.

Scarce could she work, but, in her strength of thought,

She fear'd she prick'd Leander as she wrought,[71]

And oft would shriek so, that her guardian, frighted,60

Would startling haste, as with some mischief cited:

They double life that dead things' griefs sustain;

They kill that feel not their friends' living pain.

Sometimes she fear'd he sought her infamy;

And then, as she was working of his eye,

She thought to prick it out to quench her ill;

But, as she prick'd, it grew more perfect still:

Trifling attempts no serious acts advance;

The fire of love is blown by dalliance.

In working his fair neck she did so grace it,70

She still was working her own arms t' embrace it:

That, and his shoulders, and his hands were seen

Above the stream; and with a pure sea-green

She did so quaintly shadow every limb,

All might be seen beneath the waves to swim.

In this conceited scarf she wrought beside

A moon in change, and shooting stars did glide

In number after her with bloody beams;

Which figur'd her affects[72] in their extremes,

Pursuing nature in her Cynthian body,80

And did her thoughts running on change imply;

For maids take more delight, when they prepare,

And think of wives' states, than when wives they are.

Beneath all these she wrought a fisherman,[73]

Drawing his nets from forth the ocean;

Who drew so hard, ye might discover well

The toughen'd sinews in his neck did swell:

His inward strains drave out his blood-shot eyes,

And springs of sweat did in his forehead rise;

Yet was of naught but of a serpent sped,90

That in his bosom flew and stung him dead:

And this by Fate into her mind was sent,

Not wrought by mere instinct of her intent.

At the scarf's other end her hand did frame,

Near the fork'd point of the divided flame,

A country virgin keeping of a vine,

Who did of hollow bulrushes combine

Snares for the stubble-loving grasshopper,

And by her lay her scrip that nourish'd her.

Within a myrtle shade she sate and sung;100

And tufts of waving reeds above her sprung,

Where lurked two foxes, that, while she applied

Her trifling snares, their thieveries did divide,

One to the vine, another to her scrip,

That she did negligently overslip;

By which her fruitful vine and wholesome fare

She suffered spoiled to make a childish snare.

These ominous fancies did her soul express,

And every finger made a prophetess,

To show what death was hid in love's disguise,110

And make her judgment conquer Destinies.

O, what sweet forms fair ladies' souls do shroud,

Were they made seen and forcèd through their blood;

If through their beauties, like rich work through lawn,

They would set forth their minds with virtues drawn,

In letting graces from their fingers fly,

To still their eyas[74] thoughts with industry;

That their plied wits in numbered silks might sing

Passion's huge conquest, and their needles[75] leading

Affection prisoner through their own-built cities,120

Pinioned with stones and Arachnean ditties.

Proceed we now with Hero's sacrifice:

She odours burned, and from their smoke did rise

Unsavoury fumes, that air with plagues inspired;

And then the consecrated sticks she fired.

On whose pale flames an angry spirit flew,

And beat it down still as it upward grew;

The virgin tapers that on th' altar stood,

When she inflam'd them, burned as red as blood;[76]

All sad ostents of that too near success,[77]130

That made such moving beauties motionless.

Then Hero wept; but her affrighted eyes

She quickly wrested from the sacrifice,

Shut them, and inwards for Leander looked,

Search'd her soft bosom, and from thence she plucked

His lovely picture; which when she had viewed,

Her beauties were with all love's joys renewed;

The odours sweeten'd, and the fires burned clear,

Leander's form left no ill object there:

Such was his beauty, that the force of light,140

Whose knowledge teacheth wonders infinite,

The strength of number and proportion,

Nature had placed in it to make it known,

Art was her daughter, and what human wits

For study lost, entombed in drossy spirits.

After this accident (which for her glory

Hero could not but make a history),

Th' inhabitants of Sestos and Abydos

Did every year, with feasts propitious,

To fair Leander's picture sacrifice:150

And they were persons of especial price

That were allowed it, as an ornament

T' enrich their houses, for the continent

Of the strange virtues all approved it held;

For even the very look of it repelled

All blastings, witchcrafts, and the strifes of nature

In those diseases that no herbs could cure;

The wolfy sting of avarice it would pull,

And make the rankest miser bountiful;

It kill'd the fear of thunder and of death;160

The discords that conceit engendereth

'Twixt man and wife, it for the time would cease;

The flames of love it quench'd, and would increase;

Held in a prince's hand, it would put out

The dreadful'st comet; it would ease[78] all doubt

Of threaten'd mischiefs; it would bring asleep

Such as were mad; it would enforce to weep

Most barbarous eyes; and many more effects

This picture wrought, and sprung[79] Leandrian[80] sects;

Of which was Hero first; for he whose form,170

Held in her hand, clear'd such a fatal storm,

From hell she thought his person would defend her,

Which night and Hellespont would quickly send her.

With this confirm'd, she vow'd to banish quite

All thought of any check to her delight;

And, in contempt of silly bashfulness,

She would the faith of her desires profess,

Where her religion should be policy,

To follow love with zeal her piety;

Her chamber her cathedral-church should be,180

And her Leander her chief deity;

For in her love these did the gods forego;

And though her knowledge did not teach her so,

Yet did it teach her this, that what her heart

Did greatest hold in her self-greatest part,

That she did make her god; and 'twas less naught

To leave gods in profession and in thought,

Than in her love and life; for therein lies

Most of her duties and their dignities;

And, rail the brain-bald world at what it will,190

That's the grand atheism that reigns in it still.

Yet singularity she would use no more,

For she was singular too much before;

But she would please the world with fair pretext:

Love would not leave her conscience perplext:

Great men that will have less do for them, still

Must bear them out, though th' acts be ne'er so ill;

Meanness must pander be to Excellence;

Pleasure atones Falsehood and Conscience:

Dissembling was the worst, thought Hero then,200

And that was best, now she must live with men.

O virtuous love, that taught her to do best

When she did worst, and when she thought it least!

Thus would she still proceed in works divine,

And in her sacred state of priesthood shine,

Handling the holy rites with hands as bold,

As if therein she did Jove's thunder hold,

And need not fear those menaces of error,

Which she at others threw with greatest terror.

O lovely Hero, nothing is thy sin,210

Weigh'd with those foul faults other priests are in!

That having neither faiths, nor works, nor beauties,

T' engender any 'scuse for slubbered[81] duties,

With as much countenance fill their holy chairs,

And sweat denouncements 'gainst profane affairs,

As if their lives were cut out by their places,

And they the only fathers of the graces.

Now, as with settled mind she did repair

Her thoughts to sacrifice her ravished hair

And her torn robe, which on the altar lay,220

And only for religion's fire did stay,

She heard a thunder by the Cyclops beaten,

In such a volley as the world did threaten,

Given Venus as she parted th' airy sphere,

Descending now to chide with Hero here:

When suddenly the goddess' waggoners,

The swans and turtles that, in coupled pheres,[82]

Through all worlds' bosoms draw her influence,

Lighted in Hero's window, and from thence

To her fair shoulders flew the gentle doves,—230

Graceful Ædone[83] that sweet pleasure loves,

And ruff-foot Chreste[84] with the tufted crown;

Both which did kiss her, though their goddess frown.

The swans did in the solid flood, her glass,

Proin[85] their fair plumes; of which the fairest was

Jove-lov'd Leucote,[86] that pure brightness is;

The other bounty-loving Dapsilis.[87]

All were in heaven, now they with Hero were:

But Venus' looks brought wrath, and urgèd fear.

Her robe was scarlet; black her head's attire:240

And through her naked breast shin'd streams of fire,

As when the rarifièd air is driven

In flashing streams, and opes the darken'd heaven.

In her white hand a wreath of yew she bore;

And, breaking th' icy wreath sweet Hero wore,

She forc'd about her brows her wreath of yew,

And said, "Now, minion, to thy fate be true,

Though not to me; endure what this portends:

Begin where lightness will, in shame it ends.

Love makes thee cunning; thou art current now,250

By being counterfeit: thy broken vow

Deceit with her pied garters must rejoin,

And with her stamp thou countenances must coin;

Coyness, and pure[88] deceits, for purities,

And still a maid wilt seem in cozen'd eyes,

And have an antic face to laugh within,

While thy smooth looks make men digest thy sin.

But since thy lips (least thought forsworn) forswore,

Be never virgin's vow worth trusting more!"

When Beauty's dearest did her goddess hear260

Breathe such rebukes 'gainst that she could not clear,

Dumb sorrow spake aloud in tears and blood,

That from her grief-burst veins, in piteous flood,

From the sweet conduits of her favour fell.

The gentle turtles did with moans make swell

Their shining gorges; the while black-ey'd swans

Did sing as woful epicedians,

As they would straightways die: when Pity's queen,

The goddess Ecte,[89] that had ever been

Hid in a watery cloud near Hero's cries,270

Since the first instant of her broken eyes,

Gave bright Leucote voice, and made her speak,

To ease her anguish, whose swoln breast did break

With anger at her goddess, that did touch

Hero so near for that she us'd so much;

And, thrusting her white neck at Venus, said:

"Why may not amorous Hero seem a maid,

Though she be none, as well as you suppress

In modest cheeks your inward wantonness?

How often have we drawn you from above,280

T' exchange with mortals rites for rites in love!

Why in your priest, then, call you that offence,

That shines in you, and is[90] your influence?"

With this, the Furies stopp'd Leucote's lips,

Enjoin'd by Venus; who with rosy whips

Beat the kind bird. Fierce lightning from her eyes

Did set on fire fair Hero's sacrifice,

Which was her torn robe and enforcèd hair;

And the bright flame became a maid most fair

For her aspèct: her tresses were of wire,290

Knit like a net, where hearts set all on fire,

Struggled in pants, and could not get releast;

Her arms were all with golden pincers drest,

And twenty-fashioned knots, pulleys, and brakes,

And all her body girt with painted snakes;

Her down-parts in a scorpion's tail combined,

Freckled with twenty colours; pied wings shined

Out of her shoulders; cloth had never dye,

Nor sweeter colours never viewèd eye,

In scorching Turkey, Cares, Tartary,300

Than shined about this spirit notorious;

Nor was Arachne's web so glorious.

Of lightning and of shreds she was begot;

More hold in base dissemblers is there not.

Her name was Eronusis.[91] Venus flew

From Hero's sight, and at her chariot drew

This wondrous creature to so steep a height,

That all the world she might command with sleight

Of her gay wings; and then she bade her haste,—

Since Hero had dissembled, and disgraced310

Her rites so much,—and every breast infect

With her deceits: she made her architect

Of all dissimulation; and since then

Never was any trust in maids or men.

O, it spited

Fair Venus' heart to see her most delighted,

And one she choos'd, for temper of her mind

To be the only ruler of her kind,

So soon to let her virgin race be ended!

Not simply for the fault a whit offended,320

But that in strife for chasteness with the Moon,

Spiteful Diana bade her show but one

That was her servant vow'd, and liv'd a maid;

And, now she thought to answer that upbraid,

Hero had lost her answer: who knows not

Venus would seem as far from any spot

Of light demeanour, as the very skin

'Twixt Cynthia's brows? sin is asham'd of sin.

Up Venus flew, and scarce durst up for fear

Of Phœbe's laughter, when she pass'd her sphere:330

And so most ugly-clouded was the light,

That day was hid in day; night came ere night;

And Venus could not through the thick air pierce,

Till the day's king, god of undaunted verse,

Because she was so plentiful a theme

To such as wore his laurel anademe.

Like to a fiery bullet made descent,

And from her passage those fat vapours rent,

That being not throughly rarified to rain,

Melted like pitch, as blue as any vein;340

And scalding tempests made the earth to shrink

Under their fervour, and the world did think

In every drop a torturing spirit flew,

It pierc'd so deeply, and it burn'd so blue.

Betwixt all this and Hero, Hero held

Leander's picture, as a Persian shield;

And she was free from fear of worst success:

The more ill threats us, we suspect the less:

As we grow hapless, violence subtle grows,

Dumb, deaf, and blind, and comes when no man knows.350

FOOTNOTES:

[70] Picture.

[71] "This conceit was suggested to Chapman by a passage in Skelton's Phyllyp Sparowe:

"But whan I was sowing his beke,

Methought, my sparow did speke,

And opened his prety byll,

Saynge, Mayd, ye are in wyll

Agayne me for to kyll,

Ye prycke me in the head.'

—Works, I, 57, ed. Dyce."—Dyce.

[72] Affections.

[73] "This description of the fisherman, as well as the picture which follows it, are borrowed (with alterations) from the first Idyl of Theocritus."—Dyce.

[74] "Eyas" is the name for an unfledged hawk. "Eyas thoughts" would mean "thoughts not yet full-grown,—immature." Dyce thinks the meaning of "eyas" here may be "restless." (Old eds. "yas.")

[75] A monosyllable.

[76] Some eds. give "them, then they burned as blood."

[77] Approaching catastrophe.

[78] Some eds. "and."

[79] Used transitively.

[80] Some eds. "Leanders."

[81] Shakespeare uses the verb "slubber" in the sense of "perform in a slovenly manner" (Merchant of Venice, ii. 8, "Slubber not business for my sake").

[82] Companions, yoke-mates.

[83] Gr. ἡδονη.

[84] From Lat. crista?

[85] Prune.

[86] Gr. λευκοτης.

[87] Gr. δαψιλης.

[88] Some eds. read "Coyne and impure."

[89] From Gr. οικτος?

[90] Some eds. "in."

[91] "A compound, probably, from ερως and νοσος or νουσος Ionice." Ed. 1821.

---

THE FIFTH SESTIAD.

The Argument of the Fifth Sestiad.

Day doubles his accustom'd date,

As loath the Night, incens'd by Fate,

Should wreck our lovers. Hero's plight;

Longs for Leander and the night:

Which ere her thirsty wish recovers,

She sends for two betrothèd lovers,

And marries them, that, with their crew,

Their sports, and ceremonies due,

She covertly might celebrate,

With secret joy her own estate.10

She makes a feast, at which appears

The wild nymph Teras, that still bears

An ivory lute, tells ominous tales,

And sings at solemn festivals.

Now was bright Hero weary of the day,

Thought an Olympiad in Leander's stay.

Sol and the soft-foot Hours hung on his arms,

And would not let him swim, foreseeing his harms:

That day Aurora double grace obtain'd

Of her love Phœbus; she his horses reign'd,

Set[92] on his golden knee, and, as she list,

She pull'd him back; and as she pull'd she kiss'd,

To have him turn to bed: he lov'd her more,

To see the love Leander Hero bore:10

Examples profit much; ten times in one,

In persons full of note, good deeds are done.

Day was so long, men walking fell asleep;

The heavy humours that their eyes did steep

Made them fear mischiefs. The hard streets were beds

For covetous churls and for ambitious heads,

That, spite of Nature, would their business ply:

All thought they had the falling epilepsy,

Men grovell'd so upon the smother'd ground;

And pity did the heart of Heaven confound.20

The Gods, the Graces, and the Muses came

Down to the Destinies, to stay the frame

Of the true lovers' deaths, and all world's tears:

But Death before had stopp'd their cruel ears.

All the celestials parted mourning then,

Pierc'd with our human miseries more than men:

Ah, nothing doth the world with mischief fill,

But want of feeling one another's ill!

With their descent the day grew something fair,

And cast a brighter robe upon the air.30

Hero, to shorten time with merriment,

For young Alcmane[93] and bright Mya sent,

Two lovers that had long crav'd marriage-dues

At Hero's hands: but she did still refuse;

For lovely Mya was her consort vow'd

In her maid state, and therefore not allow'd

To amorous nuptials: yet fair Hero now

Intended to dispense with her cold vow,

Since hers was broken, and to marry her:

The rites would pleasing matter minister40

To her conceits, and shorten tedious day.

They came; sweet Music usher'd th' odorous way,

And wanton Air in twenty sweet forms danced

After her fingers; Beauty and Love advanced

Their ensigns in the downless rosy faces

Of youths and maids led after by the Graces.

For all these Hero made a friendly feast,

Welcom'd them kindly, did much love protest,

Winning their hearts with all the means she might.

That, when her fault should chance t' abide the light50

Their loves might cover or extenuate it,

And high in her worst fate make pity sit.

She married them; and in the banquet came,

Borne by the virgins. Hero striv'd to frame

Her thoughts to mirth: ay me! but hard it is

To imitate a false and forcèd bliss;

Ill may a sad mind forge a merry face,

Nor hath constrainèd laughter any grace.

Then laid she wine on cares to make them sink:

Who fears the threats of Fortune, let him drink.[94]60

To these quick nuptials enter'd suddenly

Admirèd Teras with the ebon thigh;

A nymph that haunted the green Sestian groves,

And would consort soft virgins in their loves,

At gaysome triumphs and on solemn days,

Singing prophetic elegies and lays,

And fingering of a silver lute she tied

With black and purple scarfs by her left side.

Apollo gave it, and her skill withal,

And she was term'd his dwarf, she was so small:70

Yet great in virtue, for his beams enclosed

His virtues in her; never was proposed

Riddle to her, or augury, strange or new,

But she resolv'd it; never slight tale flew

From her charm'd lips without important sense,

Shown in some grave succeeding consequence.

This little sylvan, with her songs and tales,

Gave such estate to feasts and nuptials,

That though ofttimes she forewent tragedies,

Yet for her strangeness still she pleas'd their eyes;80

And for her smallness they admir'd her so,

They thought her perfect born, and could not grow.

All eyes were on her. Hero did command

An altar decked with sacred state should stand

At the feast's upper end, close by the bride,

On which the pretty nymph might sit espied.

Then all were silent; every one so hears,

As all their senses climb'd into their ears:

And first this amorous tale, that fitted well

Fair Hero and the nuptials, she did tell.90

The Tale of Teras.

Hymen, that now is god of nuptial rites,

And crowns with honour Love and his delights,

Of Athens was a youth, so sweet of face,

That many thought him of the female race;

Such quickening brightness did his clear eyes dart,

Warm went their beams to his beholder's heart,

In such pure leagues his beauties were combin'd,

That there your nuptial contracts first were signed;

For as proportion, white and crimson, meet

In beauty's mixture, all right clear and sweet,100

The eye responsible, the golden hair,

And none is held, without the other, fair;

All spring together, all together fade;

Such intermix'd affections should invade

Two perfect lovers; which being yet unseen,

Their virtues and their comforts copied been

In beauty's concord, subject to the eye;

And that, in Hymen, pleased so matchlessly,

That lovers were esteemed in their full grace,

Like form and colour mixed in Hymen's face;110

And such sweet concord was thought worthy then

Of torches, music, feasts, and greatest men:

So Hymen look'd that even the chastest mind

He mov'd to join in joys of sacred kind;

For only now his chin's first down consorted

His head's rich fleece in golden curls contorted;

And as he was so loved, he loved so too:

So should best beauties bound by nuptials, do.

Bright Eucharis, who was by all men said

The noblest, fairest, and the richest maid120

Of all th' Athenian damsels, Hymen lov'd

With such transmission, that his heart remov'd

From his white breast to hers: but her estate,

In passing his, was so interminate

For wealth and honour, that his love durst feed

On naught but sight and hearing, nor could breed

Hope of requital, the grand prize of love;

Nor could he hear or see, but he must prove

How his rare beauty's music would agree

With maids in consort; therefore robbèd he130

His chin of those same few first fruits it bore,

And, clad in such attire as virgins wore,

He kept them company, and might right well,

For he did all but Eucharis excel

In all the fair of beauty! yet he wanted

Virtue to make his own desires implanted

In his dear Eucharis; for women never

Love beauty in their sex, but envy ever.

His judgment yet, that durst not suit address,

Nor, past due means, presume of due success,140

Reason gat Fortune in the end to speed

To his best prayers[95]: but strange it seemed, indeed,

That Fortune should a chaste affection bless:

Preferment seldom graceth bashfulness.

Nor grac'd it Hymen yet; but many a dart,

And many an amorous thought, enthralled[96] his heart,

Ere he obtained her; and he sick became,

Forced to abstain her sight; and then the flame

Raged in his bosom. O, what grief did fill him!

Sight made him sick, and want of sight did kill him.150

The virgins wonder'd where Diætia stay'd,

For so did Hymen term himself, a maid.

At length with sickly looks he greeted them:

Tis strange to see 'gainst what an extreme stream

A lover strives; poor Hymen look'd so ill,

That as in merit he increasèd still

By suffering much, so he in grace decreas'd:

Women are most won, when men merit least:

If Merit look not well, Love bids stand by;

Love's special lesson is to please the eye.160

And Hymen soon recovering all he lost,

Deceiving still these maids, but himself most,

His love and he with many virgin dames,

Noble by birth, noble by beauty's flames,

Leaving the town with songs and hallow'd lights

To do great Ceres Eleusina rites

Of zealous sacrifice, were made a prey

To barbarous rovers, that in ambush lay,

And with rude hands enforc'd their shining spoil,

Far from the darkened city, tired with toil:170

And when the yellow issue of the sky

Came trooping forth, jealous of cruelty

To their bright fellows of this under-heaven,

Into a double night they saw them driven,—

A horrid cave, the thieves' black mansion;

Where, weary of the journey they had gone,

Their last night's watch, and drunk with their sweet gains,

Dull Morpheus enter'd, laden with silken chains,

Stronger than iron, and bound the swelling veins

And tirèd senses of these lawless swains.180

But when the virgin lights thus dimly burn'd,

O, what a hell was heaven in! how they mourn'd

And wrung their hands, and wound their gentle forms

Into the shapes of sorrow! golden storms

Fell from their eyes; as when the sun appears,

And yet it rains, so show'd their eyes their tears:

And, as when funeral dames watch a dead corse,

Weeping about it, telling with remorse

What pains he felt, how long in pain he lay,

How little food he ate, what he would say;190

And then mix mournful tales of other's deaths,

Smothering themselves in clouds of their own breaths;

At length, one cheering other, call for wine;

The golden bowl drinks tears out of their eyne,

As they drink wine from it; and round it goes,

Each helping other to relieve their woes;

So cast these virgins' beauties mutual rays,

One lights another, face the face displays;

Lips by reflection kissed, and hands hands shook,

Even by the whiteness each of other took.200

But Hymen now used friendly Morpheus' aid,

Slew every thief, and rescued every maid:

And now did his enamour'd passion take

Heart from his hearty deed, whose worth did make

His hope of bounteous Eucharis more strong;

And now came Love with Proteus, who had long

Juggled the little god with prayers and gifts,

Ran through all shapes and varied all his shifts,

To win Love's stay with him, and make him love him.

And when he saw no strength of sleight could move him,

To make him love or stay, he nimbly turned211

Into Love's self, he so extremely burned.

And thus came Love, with Proteus and his power,

T' encounter Eucharis: first, like the flower

That Juno's milk did spring,[97] the silver lily,

He fell on Hymen's hand, who straight did spy

The bounteous godhead, and with wondrous joy

Offer'd it Eucharis. She, wonderous coy,

Drew back her hand: the subtle flower did woo it,

And, drawing it near, mixed so you could not know it:220

As two clear tapers mix in one their light,

So did the lily and the hand their white.

She viewed it; and her view the form bestows

Amongst her spirits; for, as colour flows

From superficies of each thing we see,

Even so with colours forms emitted be;

And where Love's form is, Love is; Love is form:

He entered at the eye; his sacred storm

Rose from the hand, Love's sweetest instrument:

It stirred her blood's sea so, that high it went,230

And beat in bashful waves 'gainst the white shore

Of her divided cheeks; it raged the more,

Because the tide went 'gainst the haughty wind

Of her estate and birth: and, as we find,

In fainting ebbs, the flowery Zephyr hurls

The green-haired Hellespont, broke in silver curls,

'Gainst Hero's tower; but in his blast's retreat,

The waves obeying him, they after beat,

Leaving the chalky shore a great way pale,

Then moist it freshly with another gale;240

So ebbed and flowed the blood[98] in Eucharis' face,

Coyness and Love strived which had greatest grace;

Virginity did fight on Coyness' side,

Fear of her parent's frowns and female pride

Loathing the lower place, more than it loves

The high contents desert and virtue moves.

With Love fought Hymen's beauty and his valure,[99]

Which scarce could so much favour yet allure

To come to strike, but fameless idle stood:

Action is fiery valour's sovereign good.250

But Love, once entered, wished no greater aid

Than he could find within; thought thought betray'd;

The bribed, but incorrupted, garrison

Sung "Io Hymen;" there those songs begun,

And Love was grown so rich with such a gain,

And wanton with the ease of his free reign,

That he would turn into her roughest frowns

To turn them out; and thus he Hymen crowns

King of his thoughts, man's greatest empery:

This was his first brave step to deity.260

Home to the mourning city they repair,

With news as wholesome as the morning air,

To the sad parents of each savèd maid:

But Hymen and his Eucharis had laid

This plat[100] to make the flame of their delight

Round as the moon at full, and full as bright.

Because the parents of chaste Eucharis

Exceeding Hymen's so, might cross their bliss;

And as the world rewards deserts, that law

Cannot assist with force; so when they saw270

Their daughter safe, take vantage of their own,

Praise Hymen's valour much, nothing bestown;

Hymen must leave the virgins in a grove

Far off from Athens, and go first to prove,

If to restore them all with fame and life,

He should enjoy his dearest as his wife.

This told to all the maids, the most agree:

The riper sort, knowing what 'tis to be

The first mouth of a news so far derived,

And that to hear and bear news brave folks lived.280

As being a carriage special hard to bear

Occurrents, these occurrents being so dear,

They did with grace protest, they were content

T' accost their friends with all their compliment,

For Hymen's good; but to incur their harm,

There he must pardon them. This wit went warm

To Adolesche's[101] brain, a nymph born high,

Made all of voice and fire, that upwards fly:

Her heart and all her forces' nether train

Climb'd to her tongue, and thither fell her brain,290

Since it could go no higher; and it must go;

All powers she had, even her tongue, did so:

In spirit and quickness she much joy did take,

And loved her tongue, only for quickness' sake;

And she would haste and tell. The rest all stay:

Hymen goes one, the nymph another way;

And what became of her I'll tell at last:

Yet take her visage now;—moist-lipped, long-faced,

Thin like an iron wedge, so sharp and tart,

As 'twere of purpose made to cleave Love's heart:300

Well were this lovely beauty rid of her.

And Hymen did at Athens now prefer

His welcome suit, which he with joy aspired:

A hundred princely youths with him retired

To fetch the nymphs; chariots and music went;

And home they came: heaven with applauses rent.

The nuptials straight proceed, whiles all the town,

Fresh in their joys, might do them most renown.

First, gold-locked Hymen did to church repair,

Like a quick offering burned in flames of hair;310

And after, with a virgin firmament

The godhead-proving bride attended went

Before them all: she looked in her command,

As if form-giving Cypria's silver hand

Gripped all their beauties, and crushed out one flame;

She blushed to see how beauty overcame

The thoughts of all men. Next, before her went

Five lovely children, decked with ornament

Of her sweet colours, bearing torches by;

For light was held a happy augury320

Of generation, whose efficient right

Is nothing else but to produce to light.

The odd disparent number they did choose,

To show the union married loves should use,

Since in two equal parts it will not sever,

But the midst holds one to rejoin it ever,

As common to both parts: men therefore deem

That equal number gods do not esteem,

Being authors of sweet peace and unity,

But pleasing to th' infernal empery,330

Under whose ensigns Wars and Discords fight,

Since an even number you may disunite

In two parts equal, naught in middle left

To reunite each part from other reft;

And five they hold in most especial prize,[102]

Since 'tis the first odd number that doth rise

From the two foremost numbers' unity,

That odd and even are; which are two and three;

For one no number is; but thence doth flow

The powerful race of number. Next, did go340

A noble matron, that did spinning bear

A huswife's rock and spindle, and did wear

A wether's skin, with all the snowy fleece,

To intimate that even the daintiest piece

And noblest-born dame should industrious be:

That which does good disgraceth no degree.

And now to Juno's temple they are come,

Where her grave priest stood in the marriage-room:

On his right arm did hang a scarlet veil,

And from his shoulders to the ground did trail,350

On either side, ribands of white and blue:

With the red veil he hid the bashful hue

Of the chaste bride, to show the modest shame,

In coupling with a man, should grace a dame.

Then took he the disparent silks, and tied

The lovers by the waists, and side to side,

In token that thereafter they must bind

In one self-sacred knot each other's mind.

Before them on an altar he presented

Both fire and water, which was first invented,360

Since to ingenerate every human creature

And every other birth produc'd by Nature,

Moisture and heat must mix; so man and wife

For human race must join in nuptial life.

Then one of Juno's birds, the painted jay,

He sacrific'd and took the gall away;

All which he did behind the altar throw,

In sign no bitterness of hate should grow,

'Twixt married loves, nor any least disdain.

Nothing they spake, for 'twas esteem'd too plain370

For the most silken mildness of a maid,

To let a public audience hear it said,

She boldly took the man; and so respected

Was bashfulness in Athens, it erected

To chaste Agneia,[103] which is Shamefacedness,

A sacred temple, holding her a goddess.

And now to feasts, masks, and triumphant shows,

The shining troops returned, even till earth-throes

Brought forth with joy the thickest part of night,

When the sweet nuptial song, that used to cite380

All to their rest, was by Phemonöe[104] sung,

First Delphian prophetess, whose graces sprung

Out of the Muses' well: she sung before

The bride into her chamber; at which door

A matron and a torch-bearer did stand:

A painted box of confits[105] in her hand

The matron held, and so did other some[106]

That compassed round the honour'd nuptial room.

The custom was, that every maid did wear,

During her maidenhead, a silken sphere390

About her waist, above her inmost weed,

Knit with Minerva's knot, and that was freed

By the fair bridegroom on the marriage-night,

With many ceremonies of delight:

And yet eternized Hymen's tender bride,

To suffer it dissolved so, sweetly cried.

The maids that heard, so loved and did adore her,

They wished with all their hearts to suffer for her.

So had the matrons, that with confits stood

About the chamber, such affectionate blood,400

And so true feeling of her harmless pains,

That every one a shower of confits rains;

For which the bride-youths scrambling on the ground,

In noise of that sweet hail her[107] cries were drown'd.

And thus blest Hymen joyed his gracious bride,

And for his joy was after deified.

The saffron mirror by which Phœbus' love,

Green Tellus, decks her, now he held above

The cloudy mountains: and the noble maid,

Sharp-visaged Adolesche, that was stray'd410

Out of her way, in hasting with her news,

Not till this[108] hour th' Athenian turrets views;

And now brought home by guides, she heard by all,

That her long kept occurrents would be stale,

And how fair Hymen's honours did excel

For those rare news which she came short to tell.

To hear her dear tongue robbed of such a joy,

Made the well-spoken nymph take such a toy,[109]

That down she sunk: when lightning from above

Shrunk her lean body, and, for mere free love,420

Turn'd her into the pied-plum'd Psittacus,

That now the Parrot is surnam'd by us,

Who still with counterfeit confusion prates

Naught but news common to the common'st mates.—

This told, strange Teras touch'd her lute, and sung

This ditty, that the torchy evening sprung.

Epithalamion Teratos.

Come, come, dear Night! Love's mart of kisses,

Sweet close to his ambitious line,

The fruitful summer of his blisses!

Love's glory doth in darkness shine.430

O come, soft rest of cares! come, Night!

Come, naked Virtue's only tire,

The reapèd harvest of the light,

Bound up in sheaves of sacred fire!

Love calls to war;

Sighs his alarms,

Lips his swords are,

The field his arms.

Come, Night, and lay thy velvet hand

On glorious Day's outfacing face;440

And all thy crownèd flames command,

For torches to our nuptial grace!

Love calls to war;

Sighs his alarms,

Lips his swords are,

The field his arms.

No need have we of factious Day,

To cast, in envy of thy peace,

Her balls of discord in thy way:

Here Beauty's day doth never cease;450

Day is abstracted here,

And varied in a triple sphere.

Hero, Alcmane, Mya, so outshine thee,

Ere thou come here, let Thetis thrice refine thee.

Love calls to war;

Sighs his alarms,

Lips his swords are,

The field his arms.

The evening star I see:

Rise, youths! the evening star460

Helps Love to summon war;

Both now embracing be.

Rise, youths! Love's rite claims more than banquets; rise!

Now the bright marigolds, that deck the skies,

Phœbus' celestial flowers, that, contrary

To his flowers here, ope when he shuts his eye,

And shuts when he doth open, crown your sports:

Now Love in Night, and Night in Love exhorts

Courtship and dances: all your parts employ,

And suit Night's rich expansure with your joy.470

Love paints his longings in sweet virgins' eyes:

Rise, youths! Love's rite claims more than banquets; rise!

Rise, virgins! let fair nuptial loves enfold

Your fruitless breasts: the maidenheads[110] ye hold

Are not your own alone, but parted are;

Part in disposing them your parents share,

And that a third part is; so must ye save

Your loves a third, and you your thirds must have.

Love paints his longings in sweet virgins' eyes:

Rise, youths! Love's rite claims more than banquets; rise!480

Herewith the amorous spirit, that was so kind

To Teras' hair, and comb'd it down with wind,

Still as it, comet-like, brake from her brain,

Would needs have Teras gone, and did refrain

To blow it down: which, staring[111] up, dismay'd

The timorous feast; and she no longer stay'd;

But, bowing to the bridegroom and the bride,

Did, like a shooting exhalation, glide

Out of their sights: the turning of her back

Made them all shriek, it look'd so ghastly black.490

O hapless Hero! that most hapless cloud

Thy soon-succeeding tragedy foreshow'd.

Thus all the nuptial crew to joys depart;

But much-wronged[112] Hero stood Hell's blackest dart:

Whose wound because I grieve so to display,

I use digressions thus t' increase the day.

FOOTNOTES:

[92] Some modern editors read "sat."

[93] Singer suggested "Alcmaeon."

[94] "Chapman has a passage very similar to this in his Widow's Tears, Act iv.:—

'Wine is ordained to raise such hearts as sink:

Whom woful stars distemper let him drink.'"—Broughton.

[95] "Old eds. 'prayes,' 'praies,' 'preies,' and 'pryes.'"—Dyce.

[96] Dyce reads "enthrill'd" (a word that I do not remember to have seen).

[97] Did make to spring. Cf. Fourth Sestiad, l. 169.

[98] So the Isham copy. All other editions omit the words "the blood."

[99] "Valure" is frequently found as a form of "value;" but I suspect, with Dyce, that it is here put (metri causa) for "valour."

[100] Plot.

[101] Gr. αδολεσχης.

[102] Some eds. "price."

[103] Gr. ἁγνεια

[104] Singer gives a reference to Pausan, x. 5.—Old eds. "Phemonor" and "Phemoner."

[105] Comfits.

[106] "Other some" is a not uncommon form of expression. See Halliwell's Dict. of Archaic and Provincial Words.

[107] Old eds. "their."

[108] Old eds. "his."

[109] A sudden pettishness or freak of fancy. Cf. Two Noble Kinsmen:—

"The hot horse hot as fire

Took toy at this."

[110] Former editors have not noticed that Chapman is here closely imitating Catullus' Carmen Nuptiale—

"Virginitas non tota tua est: ex parte parentum est:

Tertia pars patri data, pars data tertia matri,

Tertia sola tua est: noli pugnare duobus,

Qui genero sua jura simul cum dote dederunt."

[111] Some eds. "starting." Cf. Julius Cæsar, iv. 3, ll. 278-9—

"Art thou some god, some angel, or some devil,

That makest my blood cold and my hair to stare?"

[112] "Old eds. 'much-rong,' 'much rongd,' and 'much-wrong'd.'"—Dyce (who reads "much-wrung").

---

THE SIXTH SESTIAD.

The Argument of the Sixth Sestiad.

Leucote flies to all the Winds,

And from the Fates their outrage blinds,[113]

That Hero and her love may meet.

Leander, with Love's complete fleet

Manned in himself, puts forth to seas;

When straight the ruthless Destinies,

With, Até, stir the winds to war

Upon the Hellespont: their jar

Drowns poor Leander. Hero's eyes,

Wet witnesses of his surprise,10

Her torch blown out, grief casts her down

Upon her love, and both doth drown:

In whose just ruth the god of seas

Transforms them to th' Acanthides.

No longer could the Day nor Destinies

Delay the Night, who now did frowning rise

Into her throne; and at her humorous breasts

Visions and Dreams lay sucking: all men's rests

Fell like the mists of death upon their eyes,

Day's too-long darts so kill'd their faculties.

The Winds yet, like the flowers, to cease began;

For bright Leucote, Venus' whitest swan,

That held sweet Hero dear, spread her fair wings,

Like to a field of snow, and message brings10

From Venus to the Fates, t'entreat them lay

Their charge upon the Winds their rage to stay,

That the stern battle of the seas might cease,

And guard Leander to his love in peace.

The Fates consent;—ay me, dissembling Fates!

They showed their favours to conceal their hates,

And draw Leander on, lest seas too high

Should stay his too obsequious destiny:

Who[114] like a fleering slavish parasite,

In warping profit or a traitorous sleight,20

Hoops round his rotten body with devotes,

And pricks his descant face full of false notes;

Praising with open throat, and oaths as foul

As his false heart, the beauty of an owl;

Kissing his skipping hand with charmèd skips,

That cannot leave, but leaps upon his lips

Like a cock-sparrow, or a shameless quean

Sharp at a red-lipp'd youth, and naught doth mean

Of all his antic shows, but doth repair

More tender fawns,[115] and takes a scatter'd hair30

From his tame subject's shoulder; whips and calls

For everything he lacks; creeps 'gainst the walls

With backward humbless, to give needless way:

Thus his false fate did with Leander play.

First to black Eurus flies the white Leucote

(Born 'mongst the negroes in the Levant sea,

On whose curl'd head the glowing sun doth rise),

And shows the sovereign will of Destinies,

To have him cease his blasts; and down he lies.

Next, to the fenny Notus course she holds,40

And found him leaning, with his arms in folds,

Upon a rock, his white hair full of showers;

And him she chargeth by the fatal powers,

To hold in his wet cheeks his cloudy voice.

To Zephyr then that doth in flowers rejoice:

To snake-foot Boreas next she did remove,

And found him tossing of his ravished love,[116]

To heat his frosty bosom hid in snow;

Who with Leucote's sight did cease to blow.

Thus all were still to Hero's heart's desire;50

Who with all speed did consecrate a fire

Of flaming gums and comfortable spice,

To light her torch, which in such curious price

She held, being object to Leander's sight,

That naught but fires perfumed must give it light.

She loved it so, she griev'd to see it burn,

Since it would waste, and soon to ashes turn:

Yet, if it burned not, 'twere not worth her eyes;

What made it nothing, gave it all the prize.

Sweet torch, true glass of our society!60

What man does good, but he consumes thereby?

But thou wert loved for good, held high, given show;

Poor virtue loathed for good, obscured, held low:

Do good, be pined,—be deedless good, disgraced;

Unless we feed on men, we let them fast.

Yet Hero with these thoughts her torch did spend:

When bees make wax, Nature doth not intend

It should be made a torch; but we, that know

The proper virtue of it, make it so,

And, when 'tis made, we light it: nor did Nature70

Propose one life to maids; but each such creature

Makes by her soul the best of her free[117] state,

Which without love is rude, disconsolate,

And wants love's fire to make it mild and bright,

Till when, maids are but torches wanting light.

Thus 'gainst our grief, not cause of grief, we fight:

The right of naught is glean'd, but the delight.

Up went she: but to tell how she descended,

Would God she were dead, or my verse ended!

She was the rule of wishes, sum, and end,80

For all the parts that did on love depend:

Yet cast the torch his brightness further forth;

But what shines nearest best, holds truest worth.

Leander did not through such tempests swim

To kiss the torch, although it lighted him:

But all his powers in her desires awakèd,

Her love and virtues clothed him richly naked.

Men kiss but fire that only shows pursue;

Her torch and Hero, figure show and virtue.

Now at opposed Abydos naught was heard90

But bleating flocks, and many a bellowing herd,

Slain for the nuptials; cracks of falling woods;

Blows of broad axes; pourings out of floods.

The guilty Hellespont was mix'd and stained

With bloody torrents[118] that the shambles rained;

Not arguments of feast, but shows that bled,

Foretelling that red night that followèd.

More blood was spilt, more honours were addrest,

Than could have gracèd any happy feast;

Rich banquets, triumphs, every pomp employs100

His sumptuous hand; no miser's nuptial joys.

Air felt continual thunder with the noise

Made in the general marriage-violence;

And no man knew the cause of this expense,

But the two hapless lords, Leander's sire,

And poor Leander, poorest where the fire

Of credulous love made him most rich surmis'd:

As short was he of that himself[119] he prized,

As is an empty gallant full of form,

That thinks each look an act, each drop a storm,110

That falls from his brave breathings; most brought up

In our metropolis, and hath his cup

Brought after him to feasts; and much palm bears

For his rare judgment in th' attire he wears;

Hath seen the hot Low-Countries, not their heat,

Observes their rampires and their buildings yet;

And, for your sweet discourse with mouths, is heard

Giving instructions with his very beard;

Hath gone with an ambassador, and been

A great man's mate in travelling, even to Rhene;120

And then puts all his worth in such a face

As he saw brave men make, and strives for grace

To get his news forth: as when you descry

A ship, with all her sail contends to fly

Out of the narrow Thames with winds unapt,

Now crosseth here, then there, then this way rapt,

And then hath one point reach'd, then alters all,

And to another crookèd reach doth fall

Of half a bird-bolt's[120] shoot, keeping more coil

Than if she danc'd upon the ocean's toil;130

So serious is his trifling company,

In all his swelling ship of vacantry

And so short of himself in his high thought

Was our Leander in his fortunes brought,

And in his fort of love that he thought won;

But otherwise he scorns comparison.

O sweet Leander, thy large worth I hide

In a short grave! ill-favour'd storms must chide

Thy sacred favour;[121] I in floods of ink

Must drown thy graces, which white papers drink,140

Even as thy beauties did the foul black seas;

I must describe the hell of thy decease,

That heaven did merit: yet I needs must see

Our painted fools and cockhorse peasantry

Still, still usurp, with long lives, loves, and lust,

The seats of Virtue, cutting short as dust

Her dear-bought issue: ill to worse converts,

And tramples in the blood of all deserts.

Night close and silent now goes fast before

The captains and the soldiers to the shore,150

On whom attended the appointed fleet

At Sestos' bay, that should Leander meet,

Who feigned he in another ship would pass:

Which must not be, for no one mean there was

To get his love home, but the course he took.

Forth did his beauty for his beauty look,

And saw her through her torch, as you behold

Sometimes within the sun a face of gold,

Formed in strong thoughts, by that tradition's force

That says a god sits there and guides his course.160

His sister was with him; to whom he show'd

His guide by sea, and said, "Oft have you view'd

In one heaven many stars, but never yet

In one star many heavens till now were met.

See, lovely sister! see, now Hero shines,

No heaven but her appears; each star repines,

And all are clad in clouds, as if they mourned

To be by influence of earth out-burned.

Yet doth she shine, and teacheth Virtue's train

Still to be constant in hell's blackest reign,170

Though even the gods themselves do so entreat them

As they did hate, and earth as she would eat them."

Off went his silken robe, and in he leapt,

Whom the kind waves so licorously cleapt,[122]

Thickening for haste, one in another, so,

To kiss his skin, that he might almost go

To Hero's tower, had that kind minute lasted.

But now the cruel Fates with Até hasted

To all the winds, and made them battle fight

Upon the Hellespont, for either's right180

Pretended to the windy monarchy;

And forth they brake, the seas mixed with the sky,

And tossed distressed Leander, being in hell,

As high as heaven: bliss not in height doth dwell.

The Destinies sate dancing on the waves,

To see the glorious Winds with mutual braves

Consume each other: O, true glass, to see

How ruinous ambitious statists be

To their own glories! Poor Leander cried

For help to sea-born Venus she denied;190

To Boreas, that, for his Atthæa's[123] sake

He would some pity on his Hero take,

And for his own love's sake, on his desires;

But Glory never blows cold Pity's fires.

Then call'd he Neptune, who, through all the noise,

Knew with affright his wreck'd Leander's voice,

And up he rose; for haste his forehead hit

'Gainst heaven's hard crystal; his proud waves he smit

With his forked sceptre, that could not obey;

Much greater powers than Neptune's gave them sway.200

They loved Leander so, in groans they brake

When they came near him; and such space did take

'Twixt one another, loath to issue on,

That in their shallow furrows earth was shown,

And the poor lover took a little breath:

But the curst Fates sate spinning of his death

On every wave, and with the servile Winds

Tumbled them on him. And now Hero finds,

By that she felt, her dear Leander's state:

She wept, and prayed for him to every Fate;210

And every Wind that whipped her with her hair

About the face, she kissed and spake it fair,

Kneeled to it, gave it drink out of her eyes

To quench his thirst: but still their cruelties

Even her poor torch envied, and rudely beat

The baiting[124] flame from that dear food it eat;

Dear, for it nourish'd her Leander's life;

Which with her robe she rescued from their strife;

But silk too soft was such hard hearts to break;

And she, dear soul, even as her silk, faint, weak,220

Could not preserve it; out, O, out it went!

Leander still call'd Neptune, that now rent

His brackish curls, and tore his wrinkled face,

Where tears in billows did each other chase;

And, burst with ruth, he hurl'd his marble mace

At the stern Fates: it wounded Lachesis

That drew Leander's thread, and could not miss

The thread itself, as it her hand did hit,

But smote it full, and quite did sunder it.

The more kind Neptune raged, the more he razed230

His love's life's fort, and kill'd as he embraced:

Anger doth still his own mishap increase;

If any comfort live, it is in peace.

O thievish Fates, to let blood, flesh, and sense,

Build two fair temples for their excellence,

To robe it with a poisoned influence!

Though souls' gifts starve, the bodies are held dear

In ugliest things; sense-sport preserves a bear:

But here naught serves our turns: O heaven and earth,

How most-most wretched is our human birth!240

And now did all the tyrannous crew depart,

Knowing there was a storm in Hero's heart,

Greater than they could make, and scorn'd their smart.

She bow'd herself so low out of her tower,

That wonder 'twas she fell not ere her hour,

With searching the lamenting waves for him:

Like a poor snail, her gentle supple limb

Hung on her turret's top, so most downright,

As she would dive beneath the darkness quite,

To find her jewel;—jewel!—her Leander,250

A name of all earth's jewels pleas'd not her

Like his dear name: "Leander, still my choice,

Come naught but my Leander! O my voice,

Turn to Leander! henceforth be all sounds,

Accents and phrases, that show all griefs' wounds,

Analyzed in Leander! O black change!

Trumpets, do you, with thunder of your clange,

Drive out this change's horror! My voice faints:

Where all joy was, now shriek out all complaints!"

Thus cried she; for her mixèd soul could tell260

Her love was dead: and when the Morning fell

Prostrate upon the weeping earth for woe,

Blushes, that bled out of her cheeks, did show

Leander brought by Neptune, bruis'd and torn

With cities' ruins he to rocks had worn,

To filthy usuring rocks, that would have blood,

Though they could get of him no other good.

She saw him, and the sight was much-much more

Than might have serv'd to kill her: should her store

Of giant sorrows speak?—Burst,—die,—bleed,270

And leave poor plaints to us that shall succeed.

She fell on her love's bosom, hugged it fast,

And with Leander's name she breathed her last.

Neptune for pity in his arms did take them,

Flung them into the air, and did awake them

Like two sweet birds, surnam'd th' Acanthides,

Which we call Thistle-warps, that near no seas

Dare ever come, but still in couples fly,

And feed on thistle-tops, to testify

The hardness of their first life in their last;280

The first, in thorns of love, that sorrows past:

And so most beautiful their colours show,

As none (so little) like them; her sad brow

A sable velvet feather covers quite,

Even like the forehead-cloth that, in the night,

Or when they sorrow, ladies use[125] to wear:

Their wings, blue, red, and yellow, mixed appear:

Colours that, as we construe colours, paint

Their states to life;—the yellow shows their saint,

The dainty[126] Venus, left them; blue their truth;290

The red and black, ensigns of death and ruth.

And this true honour from their love-death sprung,—

They were the first that ever poet sung.[127]

FOOTNOTES:

[113] It should be binds: i.e., "Leucote flies to the several winds, and, commissioned by the Fates, commands them to restrain their violence." Broughton.

[114] The next few lines are in Chapman's obscurest manner. "Devotes," in l. 21, means, I suppose, "tokens of devotion to his patron."

[115] Cunningham says, "I cannot perceive the meaning of 'doth repair more tender fawns.'" "Fawns" is equivalent to "fawnings;" and the meaning seems to be, "applies himself to softer blandishments."

[116] Orithyia.—The story of the rape of Orithyia is told in a magnificent passage of Mr. Swinburne's Erectheus.

[117] So the Isham copy. Later eds. "true."

[118] So the Isham copy. Later eds. "torrent."

[119] Some eds. "himselfe surpris'd." Dyce gives "himself so priz'd."

[120] A short arrow blunted at the end; it killed birds without piercing them.

[121] Countenance.

[122] Clipt, embraced.

[123] From Gr. Ατθις (a woman of Attica, i.e., Orithyia).

[124] "The flame taking bait (refreshment), feeding." Dyce. (Old eds. "bating.")

[125] Old eds. "vsde."

[126] Isham copy "deuil."

[127] In Chapman's day the work of the grammarian Musaeus was supposed to be the genuine production of the fabulous son of Eumolpus.

---

OVID'S ELEGIES.

---

All the old editions of Marlowe's translation of the Amores are undated, and bear the imprint Middleburgh (in various spellings). It is probable that the copy which Mr. Charles Edmonds discovered at Lamport Hall, Northamptonshire (the seat of Sir Charles Isham, Bart.), is the earliest of extant editions. The title-page of this edition is—Epigrammes and Elegies By I. D. and C. M. At Middleborugh 12mo. After the title-page come the Epigrammata, which are signed at the end "I. D." (the initials of Sir John Davies). Following the Epigrammata is a copy of verses headed Ignoto, and then comes a second title-page—Certaine of Ovid's Elegies. By C. Marlowe. At Middleborough. In his preface to a facsimile reprint of the little volume, Mr. Edmonds states his conviction that this edition, notwithstanding the imprint Middleborough, was issued at London from the press of W. Jaggard, who in 1599 printed the Passionate Pilgrime. He grounds his opinion not only on the character of the type and of the misprints, but on the fact that there would be no need for the book to be printed abroad in the first instance. It was not (he thinks) until after June 1599—when (with other books) it was condemned by Archbishop Whitgift to be burnt—that recourse was had to the expedient of reprinting it at Middleburgh. In the notes I refer to this edition as Isham copy.

The next edition, which has the same title-pages as the Isham copy—Epigrammes and Elegies by I. D. and C. M. at Middleborugh, 12mo—was certainly, to judge from its general appearance, printed abroad, and by foreigners. The text agrees in the main with that of the Isham copy, but the corruptions are more numerous. I have followed Dyce in referring to this edition as Ed. A.

The Isham copy and Ed. A contain only a portion of the Elegies. The complete translation appeared in All Ovid's Elegies: 3 Bookes. By C. M. Epigrams by I. D. At Middleborugh, 12mo. (Ed. B); and in another edition with the same title-page (Ed. C). The readings of Ed. C. I have occasionally borrowed from Dyce. It is supposed that the book "continued to be printed with Middleburgh on the title, and without date, as late as 1640" (Hazlitt).

---

OVID'S ELEGIES.