FOOTNOTES:
[141] I am indebted for these facts to Dr. Auguste Forel.
[142] "Ants, Wasps, and Bees," Chap. V.
[143] "Zur psychologischen Würdigung der darwin'schen Theorie."
[144] Pp. 141, 142, translation by Henry M. Trollope.
[145] Eng. ed. Internat. Scientific Ser., p. 276; quoted from "The Zoölogist."
[146] "Mental Evolution in Animals," p. 345; cited from an article in "Nature," 1883.
[147] "Animal Intelligence," p. 472.
[148] "Mind," Vol. VIII.
[149] Lubbock: "The Origin of Civilisation," pp. 9, 10.
[150] "The Science of Ethics," pp. 103, 104.
[151] Ibid. p. 109.
[152] "The Science of Ethics," p. 419.
[153] Ibid. p. 103.
[154] Ribot: "Heredity." Here we have examples which show that disease, as well as healthful organization and function, are subject to variation; and it may occur to us to wonder that no one has thought of referring these variations to some supernatural interference or special inner spontaneity; that theories which assume some transcendental agency or some spontaneously acting vital principle as the cause of normal, healthful variation have yet either left the variations of disease out of consideration or else simply referred them to influence of the environment. The reason for this, as far as transcendental interference is concerned, is evident; any theory of teleology in such cases must point to malevolent not benevolent design.
[155] "Heredity," pp. 124, 125. Quoted from the "Dictionnaire Philosophique," article "Caton."
[156] "The Science of Ethics," pp. 102, 103.
[157] "The Science of Ethics," p. 107.
[158] See previous observations on this subject, p. 408.
[159] "Heredity," Engl. trans., p. 84.
[160] "The Science of Ethics," pp. 91, 92.
[161] Ibid., p. 432. The italics are mine.
[162] Ibid., pp. 72, 73.
[163] P. 121.
[164] See above, p. 400.