Fairs, past and present

by Cornelius Walford

INDEX.

• Accounts, settling of, at fairs, [9].
• Actors at Sturbridge fair, [128], [144].
• Aix-la-Chapelle, early fair of, [7].
• Alarm bells at fairs, [6].
• Ale at fairs, price fixed, [81], [82].
• tested, [82].
• Alfred the Great, did he introduce fairs? [19].
• Amphyctionic fairs, [3].
• Anglo-Saxon fairs, [13].
• Antwerp, influence of fairs, [10].
• “Ara,” the signal of the money-changers, [9].
• Armour from Milan sold at Sturbridge fair, [163].
• Asia, early fairs in, [19].
• Assize of bread, wine, and beer, [63].
• Bacon fair of Paris, [282].
• Bailey, Mr., manager of company of comedians, [150].
• Bailiffs at Sturbridge fair, [78].
• Bakers at fairs, [80], [81], [84], [155].
• Barnwell Abbey, history of, [148].
• Barnwell (Cambridge) fair, [13], [59], [69], [75].
• Bartholomew fair, origin of, [164].
• charter, [167].
• new charter, [173], [175].
• right of holding challenged, [173].
• review of during four centuries, [181].
• disputation of scholars in, [182].
• described by a foreigner, [188].
• proclaimed by City of London, [190].
• unauthorized proclamation of, [205].
• proclamation discontinued, [242].
• under the Commonwealth, [201], [204].
• described (1641), [199].
• visited by a Frenchman, [215].
• surveyed by Hone, [236].
• threatened, [210], [213], [217], [229], [232], [240].
• duration limited, [221], [223], [227], [229], [233].
• cash taken by shows, &c., [239].
• suppression of, [223].
• the end, [240].
• new, [241].
• Beaucaire (France), fair of, [262].
• Bells for giving alarm at fairs, [6].
• Beer, sale of, at Sturbridge fair, [155].
• Berdicheff (Russia), fair of, [285].
• Besançon, fair of, [263].
• Bible references to fairs, [5].
• Bills of exchange at fairs, [267].
• Blackstone on fairs and markets, [15].
• Book sale at Sturbridge fair, [126].
• Book stalls at Bartholomew fair, [239].
• Books at the fairs of Lyons, [269].
• Booths in Barnwell fair, [60].
• bequests of, [66], [67], [68], [79].
• Booths in Sturbridge fair, [102], [103], [112], [118], [132], [141].
• Bordeaux, fair of, [264].
• Borough laws of Scotland, [27].
• Braisne-le-Comte (France), fair of, [283].
• Bread, assize of, [191].
• Bridewell boys at Bartholomew fair, [231].
• Brie (France), fairs of, [8], [245].
• Bristol, fair at, [35], [66].
• Bruges (Flanders), fair of, [8].
• Butchers to sell good meat, [84].
• Caen (Normandy), fair of, [264].
• Calendar, alteration of, [47], [230].
• Cambridge, fairs of, [35], [55].
• Cambridge town, conflict with university, [56], [104].
• Cambridge university, rights in Sturbridge fair, [70], [74].
• Carter’s account of Sturbridge fair, [144].
• Cash receipts of shows, &c., at Bartholomew fair, [239].
• Cattle fair at Smithfield, [210], [224].
• Champagne, fair of, [8].
• Champagne and Brie, fairs of, [245].
• Chapel at Sturbridge fair, [77].
• Charity dormitory at Nijni fair, [305].
• Charters of fairs, [14].
• Cheese fair at Sturbridge, [150].
• China, productions of, at Russian fairs, [292], [297], [300], [308].
• Christening at Sturbridge fair, [145].
• Church festivals and fairs, [2], [15].
• Churchyard fairs abolished, [25].
• Christie, Mr. Chancellor, [269].
• Citizens of London attending fairs, [60], [66], [68], [100].
• Citizens of London free of fairs, [20].
• City of London, grant to, of Smithfield, [198].
• Clark, Joseph, the “Posturer,” [215].
• Clerk of the fair, [24].
• Cloth at fairs, [278], [299].
• Cloth trade in Bartholomew fair, [186], [210].
• Cloth, right of search, [98].
• Clothiers at Sturbridge fair, [136].
• Coinage, [46].
• College gowns, material bought at fairs, [87].
• Cologne, merchants of, might attend English fairs, [23].
• Commerce at fairs, [163].
• Commonwealth and Bartholomew fair, [201].
• Company of merchants from Holstein, [293].
• Cotton goods at Russian fairs, [299].
• Courtray (France), fair of, [8].
• Courts for adjusting differences. See [Piepowder, courts of].
• Courts of pedlars, [27].
• Coventry, fair at, [35].
• Crecy, fair of, [283].
• Crying the fair, [32].
• Dagonizing of Bartholomew fair, [206].
• Danish slaves sold, [10].
• Day, Charles, his booth at Sturbridge fair, [147].
• Defoe’s description of Sturbridge fair, [133].
• Dice and hazard tables at Bartholomew fair, [225].
• Dieppe, fair of, [265].
• Disputation of scholars in Smithfield, [182].
• Disputes, adjustment of, [9].
• Disputes between City of London and Prior of St. Bartholomew, [169].
• Dissolution of monasteries, [180].
• Dower, right of, in fair booths, [119].
• Draining the Fens, [122].
• Drama, the, at Bartholomew fair, [195].
• Drapers’ Company, [194].
• Duddery in Sturbridge fair, [77], [135], [137].
• Duration of fairs, [32].
• Elegy on “Bartlemy” fair, [234].
• Elizavetgrad (Russia), fair of, [285].
• Ely, fair at, [35].
• Embroidery, search for, [64].
• England, early fairs in, [19].
• England, laws relating to fairs, [12].
• English merchants attending fairs, [37].
• at French fairs, [272], [276].
• Escheator, duties of, as to fairs, [25].
• Europe, early fairs in, [19].
• Evelyn visits Bartholomew fair, [201].
• Exchanges at fairs, [248].
• Executions at Smithfield, [171].
• Fair committee, [302].
• Fair, signification of the term, [2].
• Fairs, origin of, [1].
• by prescription, [15], [16], [17], [29].
• Fair on Mount Calvary, [3].
• Fairs, duration of, [33].
• sources of revenue to religious houses, [2].
• courts for adjusting differences at, [6], [26].
• prohibited during plague. See [Plague].
• restricting dealings in, [41].
• seal of, [248].
• specific legislation for, [28].
• Feast days, fairs on, [34].
• Fellowship of Mercers, [37].
• Fielding kept a booth at Bartholomew fair, [225].
• Fire, alarm of, at Sturbridge fair, [149].
• at Bartholomew fair, [225], [234].
• “Firm peace,” a privilege of fairs, [168].
• Fish at fairs to be good, [83].
• forestalling of, [73], [76], [111].
• Flanders, fairs of, [8].
• Flemish weavers at Sturbridge fair, [161].
• Flood at Sturbridge fair, 1562, [100].
• Foreign merchants in England, [21-24], [61].
• Foreigners at Bartholomew fair, [168].
• Forestalling, [50], [72], [73], [85].
• Forsyth (W.), his work quoted, [307].
• Four early fairs in England, [19].
• France, early fairs in, [8].
• fairs in, [244], [261], [274].
• Franchises of fairs, [18], [246], [269].
• Fraternity of St. Thomas Becket, [38].
• Free borough, right of fairs in, [18].
• Freemen of London attending fairs, [34], [36].
• Gaming prohibited at Sturbridge fair, [156].
• Garlick-row, Sturbridge fair, [157].
• Genoese commerce, [8], [9], [10], [296].
• merchants at Sturbridge fair, [161].
• Germany, early fairs, in, [7].
• Goal delivery in Sturbridge fair, [118].
• Golden crowns of the sun, [269].
• Greece, origin of fairs in, [3].
• Greek church, festivals of the, [27].
• Guibray (France), fair of, [266].
• Gunning, Henry, “Reminiscences of Cambridge,” [148].
• Hackney coaches in Sturbridge fair, [117], [126], [140], [142].
• “Hand and shears,” tailors at the, [204], [211].
• Hangman hanged in Smithfield, [184].
• Hanse Towns trading at Sturbridge fair, [161].
• Hanseatic League, [23].
• Helston (Cornwall), fair at, [13].
• Heretics burned in Smithfield, [179].
• Hertford, claimed exemption from tolls, [70].
• Historical shirt, [203].
• Hone’s survey of Bartholomew fair, [236].
• Hone, account of Sturbridge fair, [149].
• Hops at Sturbridge fair, [137], [139], [143].
• right of weighing at Sturbridge, [125].
• Horners’ Company, right of search, [66].
• Horse-bread at fairs, [84].
• Horse fairs, [43].
• fair, Sturbridge, [152], [157].
• and cattle fairs of France, [282].
• dealers in French fairs, [247], [250].
• fairs of Russia, [285], [307].
• Hospital for lepers, fair for, [55], [59].
• Hostilities suspended during fairs, [4].
• Household stores bought at fairs, [63].
• Idle games prohibited, [114].
• Ill fame, arrest of persons of, [78], [155], [156].
• Indulgences sold at fairs, [6].
• Initiation at Sturbridge fair, [145].
• Inquiries into grants of fairs, [16].
• Inquisitions as to fairs, [17], [54].
• Inspectors of fairs (France), [248], [273].
• International reciprocity, [21].
• Intoxicating liquors at fairs, [53].
• Ironmonger’s row, Sturbridge fair, [153].
• Ironware at fairs, [298].
• Ireland, fairs in, [51], [52].
• Italy, fairs in, [6].
• Jew traders, [7].
• Jews at the fair of Paris, [275].
• Jitomir (Russia), fair of, [286].
• Jonson, Ben, “Bartholomew fair,” [195].
• Karkoff (Russia), fair of, [286].
• Kasan (Russia), fair of, [286].
• Keeper of the fair, [24].
• Kensington, Lord, and Bartholomew fair, [205], [240].
• Kiakhta (Russia), fair of, [301], [308].
• “King’s beam,” [113].
• King’s jester, or court fool, [165].
• King’s market, Smithfield, [166].
• Korennaya (Russia), fair of, [287].
• Kremenchuk (Russia), fair of, [287].
• Kursk (Russia), fair of, [287].
• Land tax in Sturbridge fair, [144].
• Lapland, fairs in, [28].
• Laws relating to fairs amended, [51], [52].
• Leather, sale of, at Bartholomew fair, [167].
• Lendit fair (Paris), [275].
• Lister’s “Travels” quoted, [279].
• Locke, John, at Bartholomew fair, [208].
• Lombard exchange at Sturbridge fair, [161].
• Lombard merchants, [272].
• London, growth of, [185].
• London merchants attending fairs, [34].
• London merchants attend the fairs of France, [257].
• London theatres closed during Bartholomew fair, [219], [224].
• Lord of the fair, [166].
• “Lord of the taps,” [123].
• Lord Mayor, fatal accident to, [212].
• Lotteries in Bartholomew fair, [219].
• Lynn, port of, and Sturbridge fair, [160].
• Lyons, fairs of, [76], [93], [266], [270].
• Magna Charta, privileges as to fairs, [20].
• Maidstone fair prohibited, [126].
• Maimatchin (Russia), fair of, [308].
• Makariev, fair of, [287], [292].
• Manors, fairs granted to Lords of, [18].
• Markets of the Romans, [27].
• Mayor’s house at Sturbridge fair, [123].
• Measures at Bartholomew fair, [191].
• Measures tested at fairs, [83], [85].
• Mecklenberg, sale of slaves at, [10].
• Menageries, [280].
• Menagerie, first travelling, at Bartholomew fair, [222].
• Merchant Adventurers, Company of, [36].
• Merchants attending fairs in England, [19], [20].
• Merchant Taylors’ right of search, [193].
• Messen, German designation for fairs, [2].
• Metropolitan Police District, fairs in, [49], [51].
• Michell’s “Handbook of Russia,” [303].
• Miracle plays, [179].
• Missa, Latin designation for fair, [2].
• Monasteries, dissolution of, [180].
• Mont Casel, fair of, [8].
• Montely, fair of, [283].
• Montrichard (France), fair of, [270].
• Mount Calvary, fair on, [3].
• Mouravieff’s folly, [293].
• Nangis, fair of, [283].
• New Bartholomew fair, [241].
• Newcastle-upon-Tyne, fair at, [13].
• Night-watch at Sturbridge fair, [88].
• Nijni Novgorod, fair of, [163], [284], [291], [306].
• trade at, [303].
• Niort (France), fair of, [283].
• Nogent-sur-Seine (France), fair of, [283].
• Normans, fairs largely introduced by, [14].
• North of Europe, fairs in, [10].
• Northampton claimed freedom from tolls, [70].
• Northumberland, fairs in, [13].
• Notaries at fairs, [272].
• Nottingham, fair at, [35].
• Olearius, travels of, [293].
• Olympian games, [3], [27].
• Onion fair of Notre Dame, [282].
• Orel (Russia), fair of, [288].
• Owen Lewy, clown at Sturbridge fair, [150].
• Owners of fairs, [53].
• Oxford, fair at, [35], [66].
• Oysters at Sturbridge fair, [144], [152].
• Paris, fairs of, [275].
• Passport system at fairs, [305].
• Paving the streets, [194].
• Payments at fairs, [267].
• Parchment sold at fairs, [277].
• Pepys on Bartholomew fair, [207], [209].
• Pewterers’ Company, right of search, [89].
• Philips, W., actor, &c., [214].
• Piepowder, courts of, [6], [26], [28], [29], [30], [91], [142].
• Piepowder court at Sturbridge fair, [152], [159].
• Plague, [44], [46], [101], [114], [118], [119], [121], [124].
• Plague in London, [174], [186], [190], [197], [208].
• Political allusions at Bartholomew fair, [214].
• Political pamphlets, [200].
• Poltava (Russia), fair of, [289].
• Pope, merchandise of the, [22 (note)].
• Pork fair of Paris, [282].
• Preaching at Sturbridge fair, [123], [130].
• Prescription, fairs held by, [15], [16], [17].
• Prince of Wales at Bartholomew fair, [227].
• Printed matter, sale of, at fairs, [46].
• Priory of Bartholomew, [164], [169], [173].
• Privilege of fairs, [16].
• Procession to proclaim Sturbridge fair, [132].
• Proclamation of fairs, [33], [79].
• Proctors’ booth in Sturbridge fair, [117].
• Proximity of fairs, [16].
• Puritans, the, and Bartholomew fair, [202].
• Queen Elizabeth, rejoicings on birth of, [73].
• Rahere, founder of St. Bartholomew fair, [165].
• almoners, [166].
• Rattlesnakes at Bartholomew fair, [225].
• Regulations for markets and fairs, [50].
• Religious petticoat, [203].
• Restricting dealings in fairs, [41].
• Restoration, the, and Bartholomew, [206].
• Retail dealings prohibited, [43].
• Rheims, fair of, [270].
• Rich, Lord, and Bartholomew fair, [184], [188].
• Riga, fair of, [289].
• Rival fairs, [16].
• Robberies in fairs, [40], [184].
• Robbery at Caen fair, [265].
• Rogers, E. Thorold, on Sturbridge fair, [160].
• Rome, fairs of, [5].
• Roman fairs in England, [13].
• Roman markets, [27].
• Rostof (Russia), fair of, [290].
• Rouen, fairs of, [270].
• Royal grant, fairs originated by, [15], [17].
• Russia, fairs of, [284].
• smaller fairs of, [307].
• Asiatic fairs in, [308].
• St. Denis, fair of, [275].
• St. Germain, fair of, [278].
• St. Lawrence, fair of, [280].
• St. Ovide, fair of, [281].
• Salander, Dr. Tobias, in St. Bartholomew fair, [189].
• Salisbury, fair at, [35], [66].
• Sanitary arrangements at Nijni fair, [306].
• Schismatical congregations prohibited, [143].
• Seal of fairs, [24], [248].
• Search for defective cloth, [193].
• Selling after close of fair, penalty, [33].
• Setting of willows, [101].
• Ships of merchants coming to fairs, [20].
• Shoemaker row, Sturbridge fair, [153].
• Shops at Sturbridge fair, [151].
• Sismondi quoted, [272].
• Skinners’ Company, and Sturbridge fair, [117].
• Slaves, sale of, in fairs of Europe, [3 (note)], [70].
• Slaves sold in Smithfield, [179].
• Slaves at St. Denis fair, [275].
• Smithfield, originally Smoothfield, [165].
• Smithfield, stage entertainment on, [220].
• Southwark (Our Lady) fair, [197].
• Stage plays, [49], [50], [128], [144], [195].
• Stage plays, act against, [201].
• Stage plays prohibited at Bartholomew fair, [217], [229], [232].
• Stars of London theatres acting at Bartholomew fair, [224].
• Statute of Gloucester, inquiries under, [17].
• Storm at Sturbridge fair (1741), [143], [147].
• Strolling player, life of, [226].
• Sturbridge chapel, [59].
• Sturbridge fair, [21].
• history of, [54].
• impeached, [75].
• new charter, [92], [106].
• De Foe’s description of, [133].
• plan of, [147].
• merchandise at, [149].
• money taken at, [152].
• last time called by university, [154].
• proclamation by university, [154].
• proclamation by town, [158].
• Sunday fairs, [34].
• Sunday trading prohibited, [156], [192].
• Supplies purchased at fairs, [103].
• Suspected people to be arrested, [99].
• Tallow, sale of, [72].
• Theatrical performances, [49].
• Thermopylæ, fairs of, [4].
• Tolls of fairs, [15], [21 (note)], [65], [69], [94].
• Tolls, Bartholomew fair, [169], [176], [180], [205], [209], [230], [240], [241].
• Torhout, fair of, [8].
• Toulon, fair of, [271].
• Trespass at Sturbridge fair, [143].
• Tribunals of commerce, [28].
• Troy weight, [272].
• Troyes, fairs of, [7], [271].
• Tunbridge ware at Sturbridge fair, [154].
• Tuscan merchants, [272].
• Tyre, fairs of, [4].
• Tyson, Rev. Michael, [146].
• Universities, rights of, reserved, [43].
• Venetian merchants at Sturbridge fair, [161].
• Victuals, measures for sale of, to be sealed, [156].
• Voronej, fair of, [290].
• Walden claimed freedom from tolls, [70].
• Wales, fairs in, [18], [39].
• Wallace executed in Smithfield, [171].
• Wallace’s “Russia” quoted, [306].
• Warden of the fair, [249].
• Wardens of the privileges, [247].
• Weights for fairs, [25].
• Weighing goods at Sturbridge fair, [145].
• Weights in Bartholomew fair, [191].
• Westminster, statute of, [23].
• Wine at fairs, price fixed, [83], [156].
• Wines at Bordeaux fair, [264].
• Winter fair, Russia, [307].
• Wood at fairs to be good, [86].
• Wooden ware, Sturbridge, [157].
• Wool at Sturbridge fair, [139], [162].
• Woollen goods at fairs, [278].
• Women, “unhonest,” excluded from Sturbridge fair, [155], [156].
• Wrestling matches in Bartholomew fair, [198].
• Yekaterinburg (Russia), fair of, [310].
• Zytomiers (Russia), fair of, [286].

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