CARMINZYM

Report of the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry

The Council has authorized publication of the following which explains why Carminzym was not accepted for New and Non­official Remedies.

W. A. Puckner, Secretary.

Carminzym is a tablet sold by Fairchild Bros. and Foster, New York. Each tablet contains, according to claims made, approximately 32 mg. of an extract of pancreas, 50 mg. sodium bicarbonate, 172 mg. prepared chalk, 1.5 mg. powdered ipecac and “aromatics q. s.” Without considering other possible conflicts with its rules, the Council held the preparation inadmissible to New and Non­official Remedies for conflict with Rule 10 which holds that unscientific or useless articles are not acceptable products.

The Council holds that complex mixtures of remedial agents are, from every point of view, inimical to therapeutic progress and therefore to the public welfare. Such mixtures are especially objectionable because it is impossible accurately to determine the effects which follow the simultaneous administration of a number of drugs having dissimilar actions; because the practice of prescribing such mixtures tends to discourage careful consideration of the special needs of individual patients without which there can be no rational drug therapy. On the contrary, with the use of such mixture therapeutic treatment becomes haphazard and mere guesswork.

The Council, appreciating that long established customs cannot be changed at once, has applied Rule 10 concerning the recognition of mixtures with the greatest leniency compatible with consistency. When there has been a reasonable doubt concerning the value of a mixture it has frequently directed that Rule 10 should not apply pending further clinical trial of such mixture. In no instance has subsequent experience shown that a strict interpretation of the rule would have worked hardship or injustice. The Council feels that there is no longer warrant for the admission of complex mixtures to New and Non­official Remedies or for the retention of any that have been admitted unless definite evidence of the therapeutic value of such combinations is available. In accordance with this decision several mixtures now described in New and Non­official Remedies will be omitted at the expiration of the three year period for which articles are accepted.

Reverting to the Carminzym tablet: When it is desired to obtain the effects of pancreatic extract by oral administration it must be administered with a view of preventing its destruction by the gastric fluid. With this end in view an antacid should be administered to decrease the acidity of the gastric juice. The amount of alkali may be supplied in the form of any of the official preparations, but the amount must be adjusted to the individual patient for the reason that no two successive patients are likely to have the same degree of gastric acidity.

Ipecac has a well defined though limited field of usefulness. When it is used, it should be given with a due regard to the amount needed by the patient and the frequency of the repetition of the dose. There is no reason to suppose that any two successive patients will require ipecac and extract of pancreas in a fixed proportion and with equal frequency. As a matter of fact, the amount of ipecac in Carminzym is so small that no definite therapeutic action can be assigned to it and its use in this combination is purely empirical.

In a word, the employment of mixtures of pancreatic extract, alkalis, ipecac and carminatives in fixed proportion leads to slipshod treatment and irrational therapeutics. Carminzym is an irrational mixture the use of which is detrimental to therapy.

The preceding report was sent to Fairchild Bros. and Foster for comment in accordance with the Council’s usual procedure. The following reply was received:

The long established custom of the use of mixtures of remedial agents rests upon considerations well known and generally accepted. This is equally true of combinations of drugs of similar and dissimilar properties. The drugs of these combinations, especially those of marked therapeutic action, are well known and used by themselves when indicated.

In fact, dissimilarity of action is a cause of combination, an essential of synergism.

Drugs classed as similar are by no means alike in action; laxatives, tonics, carminatives, diuretics are combined with distinct advantage, economy of dose, enhanced effect, potency not obtainable with the single drug.

Your sweeping arbitrary conclusions that complex mixtures of remedial agents are from every point of view inimical to therapeutic progress is not, it seems to us, sustained by fact and experience. There is therapeutic progress in the considerate use and observation of combinations as well as in the use of a single drug. Indeed, in the production of a synthetic chemical substance as a therapeutic agent, the combination of potent and dissimilar elements is worked out to mitigate and correct an objectionable side effect, and promote desirable action.

As for ourselves, at the very outset in our line of work we quite voluntarily declared our principles and our intentions as opposed to incompatible and therefore unstable or inert combinations of the enzymes; and against the “unnecessary multiplication of preparations”—see Fairchild’s Hand-Book of the Digestive Ferments.

Is not this after all the crux of the whole matter—does a combination contain the ingredients stated, does it possess the demonstrable properties which are to be attributed to it in consequence of this composition; and if for a certain purpose, is it well designed therefor?

Carminzym presents certain agents of well known properties, not in the least of incompatible or antagonistic action, but indeed especially suitable for the particular purpose designed; its efficacy not to be measured and judged by theory or opinion as to the efficiency of a certain dosage of a particular drug by itself. That the doses as contained are minimal and effective is distinctly advantageous.

The alkaline carbonates are in Carminzym in stated quantities; the physician adjusts the dosage to the individual patient and with obvious evidence of the efficiency of the adjustment. As we understand it, the employment of alkaline carbonates is not based on purely chemic considerations—a definite known quantity of acid of the gastric juice is to be neutralized; the whole literature and practice dealing with the alkaline carbonates show them to be accredited with a much wider field of use and repute in gastro-intestinal disorders.

The pancreatic extract in Carminzym is designed to be diffusible in the stomach, the tablet is preferable to be crushed in the mouth before swallowing, and we believe the pancreatic extract to be an effective constituent as administered in Carminzym.

You comment as follows:

“Ipecac has a well defined though limited field of usefulness. When it is used it should be given with due regard to the amount needed by the patient and the frequency of the repetition of the dose.”

This in a sense may be said of any of the most useful drugs, but not in the least special degree does it apply to ipecac, which is, on the contrary, of quite characteristic, peculiar range of therapeutic properties, useful in varying combinations and in widely varying proportions and doses according to the purpose for which it is employed.

Ipecac in well known official alkaline, carminative, laxative preparations occurs in the “average dose” in the varying quantities of 1⁄14, 1⁄10, 1⁄8, and 3⁄16 of a grain.

The ipecac in combination with the other ingredients in Carminzym is designed for a tablet which shall carry a minimal quantity whilst capable of adequate remedial action, thus admitting of increase of dosage or repetition as occasion requires. The quantity of ipecac was not taken at random, but chosen after long trial and consideration.

We believe that Carminzym possesses carminative properties in a superior degree and that, furthermore, in consequence of its composition it directly stimulates the gland secretions and thus exerts a beneficial action upon the whole digestive functions.

Carminzym is for use as occasion requires, and this is to be especially noted. Thus it is not only of direct benefit, but helpful in promoting systematic therapeutic measures and regimen.

The Council takes the ground that complex mixtures of remedial agents are so wrong that there is no longer warrant for their admission into New and Non­official Remedies; and that Carminzym is an irrational mixture.

We hold that certain desirable therapeutic properties may rationally be attributable to Carminzym; and that these are manifested in practice.

During the time since the description was sent and the receipt of the statement of the action of the Council, some ten months, Carminzym has proved of constantly increasing service.

The statement in the letter of Fairchild Bros. and Foster “The long established custom of the use of mixtures of remedial agents rests on considerations well known and generally accepted” might well be paraphrased to read: The one-time prevalent custom of using ill-considered combinations of remedial agents has been thoroughly discredited and is generally abandoned by progressive practitioners. Such arguments as that “laxatives, tonics, carminatives, diuretics are combined with distinct advantage” have led to the use of irrational mixtures such as the compound syrup of hypo­phosphites and the electuary of theriaca. The Council is confident that no one who has studied the causes and treatment of digestive disorders will find occasion to prescribe at one time all the ingredients stated to be contained in Carminzym, and certainly not in the fixed proportions present therein.

The comments in the Council’s report concerning ipecac certainly does apply to all active therapeutic agents. Ipecac was mentioned in the report because the several constituents of Carminzym were under discussion and hence it was necessary to point out the futility of the small dosage of ipecac in this mixture.

The announcement that “Carminzym has proved of constantly increasing service” is not convincing. The Council does not know of a single clinical study of the action of Carminzym under conditions which would have afforded satisfactory evidence of its therapeutic value.—(From The Journal A. M. A., Sept. 28, 1918.)