The Propaganda for Reform in Proprietary Medicines, Vol. 2 of 2

by Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry

FOOTNOTES:

[A] Read before the Chicago Medical Society, March 26, 1919.

[1] “New and Non­official Remedies” in France, Foreign News, J. A. M. A. 71:1331 (Oct. 19) 1918; 70:1783 (June 8) 1918.

[2] Nederl. Tjdschr. v. Geneesk. Oct. 5, 1918, p. 1201.

[3] An Italian View of the Proprietary Evil, Foreign News, J. A. M. A. 71:840 (Sept. 7) 1918; The Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry and the Patriotic Medical League in Italy, ibid. 71:918 (Sept. 14) 1918.

[4] Although the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry was established in 1905, it is likely that only a small percentage of physicians know just what the Council is, or have any conception as to its personnel and its ability to judge the available evidence for proprietary medicaments. The personnel has changed from time to time since 1905. At present its membership is: C. L. Alsberg, A.M., M.D., chief of the Bureau of Chemistry, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.; R. A. Hatcher, Ph.G., M.D., professor of pharmacology, Cornell University Medical College, New York City; A. W. Hewlett, M.D., professor of medicine, Leland Stanford Junior University Medical School, San Francisco; John Howland, M.D., professor of pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University Department of Medicine, Baltimore; Reid Hunt, M.D., professor of pharmacology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston; Henry Kraemer, Ph.D., professor of pharmacognosy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, Mich.; W. T. Longcope, A.B., M.D., Bard Professor of the Practice of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York City; G. W. McCoy, M.D., director of the Hygienic Laboratory, United States Public Health Service, Washington, D. C.; Lafayette B. Mendel, Ph.D., Sc.D., professor of physiologic chemistry, Sheffield Scientific School, Yale University, New Haven, Conn.; F. G. Novy, M.D., Sc.D., professor of bacteriology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.; W. W. Palmer, B.S., M.D., associate professor of medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York City; L. G. Rowntree, M.D., professor of medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis; Torald Sollmann, M.D., professor of pharmacology and materia medica, Medical Department, Western Reserve University, Cleveland; Julius Stieglitz, Ph.D., Sc.D., Chem.D., vice chairman of the Council, professor of chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago; G. H. Simmons, M.D., LL.D., chairman of the Council, editor of The Journal of the American Medical Association, Chicago, and W. A. Puckner, Phar.D., secretary of the Council, director of the Chemical Laboratory of the American Medical Association, Chicago.

[5] Need for Patent Law Revision, A. M. A. Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry Reports, 1917, p. 130.

[6] Puckner, W. A.: The Abuse of Chemical Formulas, Reports A. M. A. Chemical Laboratory 3:7, 1910.

[7] The Formula for Glyco-Thymoline, J. A. M. A. 52:147 (Jan. 9) 1909.

[8] Hunt, Reid, and Seidell, Atherton: Howell’s Mercol, J. A. M. A. 52:225 (Jan. 16) 1909. Howell’s Mercol Again: Another Analysis Fails to Reveal the Presence of Mercury, J. A. M. A. 52:1595 (May 15) 1909.

[9] Taka-Diastase and Liquid Taka-Diastase: Report of the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry, J. A. M. A. 59:50 (July 6) 1912.

[10] Iodeol and Iodagol: Report of the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry, J. A. M. A. 69:1725 (Nov. 17) 1917.

[11] Vin Mariani: Official Report of Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry—With Comments, J. A. M. A. 47:1751 (Nov. 24) 1906.

[12] Reports of the Council on Pharm. and Chem., 1912, p. 40.

[13] See Report of the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry on “Resinoids and Concentrations,” J. A. M. A., Nov. 13, 1909, p. 1655.

[14] The Journal A. M. A., Feb. 24, 1912, p. 572.

[15] De Santi: Medical Magazine 16:141, 1907.

[16] Rosenberg: Lancet, London 2:1871, 1905.

[17] Seifert: Pharmakol. u. therap. Rundschau, 1904, No. 14; quoted by De Santi (Note 2).

[18] Daus: Med. Klin. 2:4110, 1906.

[19] Rheinboldt: Deutsch. med. Wchnschr. 32:587, 1906.

[20] Rosenberg: Therap. d. Gegen. 7:55, 1905.

[21] Wingrave: Lancet, London 2:1067, 1906.

[22] Young: Lancet, London 1:975, 1908.

[23] Sutton: Volumetric Analysis, Edition 10, p. 390.

[24] Heinemann: Laboratory Guide in Bacteriology, p. 86.

[25] Thoms: Arb. a. d. Pharm. Inst. d. Universität, Berlin 11:210, 1914.

[26] Seifert, Otto: Die Nebenwirkungen der modernen Arzneimittel, 1915.

[27] Dr. Benedict’s personal communication to a member of the Council is as follows:

“In the report of the Council upon Lactopeptine which you sent to me, I find the following statement: ‘Careful examination failed to show the presence of either diastase or pancreatin.’ In this connection I will cite to you the following experiment carried out by myself: A package containing a 1-ounce bottle of Lactopeptine (powder) with seal unbroken was purchased in the open market and opened in this laboratory. The label bore the special Number 6 2382. Two hundred milligrams of this product was dissolved in 50 c.c. of a 0.25 per cent. solution of sodium carbonate in water. This solution was divided into two portions of 25 c.c. each. One of these portions was boiled at once, and after cooling was added to 1 gm. of moist fibrin contained in a flask. The other portion (unboiled) was also added to 1 gm. of moist fibrin contained in a flask. Both flasks (after addition of 5 c.c. of toluene to each) were stoppered and placed in an incubator at 37 degrees, and left there for twelve hours. Examination of the two flasks at the end of this period showed that the one to which the unboiled solution of Lactopeptine [powder] had been added contained much less solid protein than did the other. Although this fact was obvious to the naked eye, the exact extent of digestion in the two flasks was determined by heating both to boiling, acidifying with acetic acid, diluting to definite volume, filtering and determining the nitrogen in the filtrate by Kjeldahl’s method. Subtracting the trace of nitrogen contained in the filtrate of the control flask, the results showed that 42 per cent. of the original fibrin present had been dissolved by the unboiled Lactopeptine solution. This can be ascribed only to tryptic activity under the conditions of this experiment. Furthermore, this is not simply a ‘trace’ of activity, but is at least sufficiently marked to warrant a statement that this sample showed a distinct tryptic activity. Inasmuch as I have obtained exactly similar results with two other samples of Lactopeptine (powder) (these being the only ones I have examined), I am inclined to question the correctness of the Council’s statement regarding the absence of trypsin from this preparation. [As noted above, a fresh preparation was used.—Ed.]

“May I again add that I am making no statement regarding therapeutic value of preparation, and that I have no opinion upon that matter one way or the other? My work was undertaken solely out of interest to see whether trypsin could exist in the powder (which gives a markedly acid solution when dissolved in water). The Elixir Lactopeptine could theoretically show no tryptic activity, nor have I found any trace of such activity in one sample of the Elixir examined.

“In making use of any of the contents of my letters kindly include the statement that my work upon Lactopeptine was done without remuneration of any kind, and was done only for the scientific interest attached to the question.”

[28] Report on Proprietary Digitalis Preparations, J. A. M. A., Dec. 4, 1915, p. 2024.

[29] Secretogen, J. A. M. A., May 1, 1915, p. 1518.

[30] Carlson, A. J.; Lebensohn, J. E., and Pearlmann, S. J.: Has Secretin a Therapeutic Value? J. A. M. A. 66:178 (Jan. 15) 1916.

[B] From the Hull Physiological Laboratory of the University of Chicago.

[C] This investigation was undertaken at the request of the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry. The following report, having been submitted to the Council, received its endorsement (see preceding report of the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry, “So-Called Secretin Preparations”).

[31] Pawlow: The Work of the Digestive Glands, 1912.

[32] Bayliss and Starling: Jour. Physiol. 28:325, 1902.

[33] Wertheimer: Compt. rend. Soc. de biol. 54:475, 1902.

[34] Enriquez and Hallion: Compt. rend. Soc. de biol. 55:233, 363, 1903.

[35] Fleig: Arch. internat. de Physiol., 10:206, 1910.

[36] Matuso: Jour. Physiol. 45:477, 1913.

[37] Huston: Ann. et bull. Soc. roy. de sc. méd. et nat. 70:178, 1912.

[38] Starling: Lancet, London 2:433, 1905.

[39] Frouin and Lalou: Compt. rend. Soc. de biol., 71:189, 1911.

[40] Camus: Compt. rend. Soc. de biol., 1902, 54:442, 1902.

[41] Fleig: Jour. de physiol. et de path. gén. 6:32, 50, 1904.

[42] Wertheimer and LePage: Jour. de physiol. et de path. gén. 4:1061, 1070, 1902.

[43] Stepp: Jour. Physiol. 43:441, 1912.

[44] Henri and Portier: Compt. rend. Soc. de biol. 54:620, 1902.

[45] Enriquez and Hallion: Presse méd. 1:105, 1903.

[46] Delezenne and Frouin: Compt. rend. Soc. de biol. 56:319, 1904.

[47] Bottazzi and Gabrielli: Arch. internat. de physiol. 111:156, 1905.

[48] Enriquez and Hallion: Bull. gén. de thér. 162:202, 1911.

[49] Falloise: Bull. de l’Acad. roy. de Belgique 5:945, 1902.

[50] Bayliss and Starling (Note 2). Matuso (Note 6). Arch. internat. de physiol. 10:335, 1911.

[51] Dixon and Hamill: Jour. Physiol., 1909, xxxv, 314.

[52] Bayliss and Starling: Jour. Physiol., 1904, xxx, 61. Bierry: Compt. rend. Soc. de biol., 1907, lxii, 433. Bierry and Terroine: Compt. rend. Acad. de sc., 1905, cxli, 146. Lalou: Comp. rend. Acad. de sc., 1910, xxix, 824. Morel: Compt. rend. Soc. de biol., 1909, lxvii, 36. Strassano and Billoro: Compt. rend. Soc. de biol., 1902, liv, 937.

[53] Bayliss and Starling (Note 23).

[54] Camus: Jour. de physiol. et de path. gén. 4:998, 1902.

[55] Bayliss and Starling: Jour. Physiol. 29:174, 1903.

[56] Chapman: Proc. Linnaean Soc., New South Wales 1:92, 1905.

[57] Camus: Compt. rend. Soc. de biol. 61:59, 1906. Hallion and Lequex: Compt. rend. Soc. de biol. 61:33, 1906.

[58] Derouaux: Arch. internat. de physiol. 3:44, 1905. Lambert and Myer: Compt. rend. Soc. de biol. 54:1044, 1902. Starling: Lancet, London 2:501, 1905.

[59] Keeton and Koch: Am. Jour. Physiol. 37:481, 1915.

[60] Camus and Gley: Compt. rend. Soc. de biol. 54:648, 1902.

[61] Lalou (Note 21). May: Jour. Physiol. 30:400, 1904.

[62] Launoy: Arch. internat. de Physiol. 3:62, 1906. Morel and Terroine: Compt. rend. Soc. de biol. 67:36, 1909. Zunz: Arch. internat. de physiol. 8:181, 1909. Lalou: Jour. de physiol. 14:465, 1912.

[63] Starling: Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., 8, No. 4, 1914, Therap. and Pharm. Section, p. 29.

[64] Moore, Edie and Abram: Biochem. Jour., 1:28, 1906.

[65] Foster: Jour. Biol. Chem., 2:297, 1906.

[66] Bainbridge and Beddard: Biochem. Jour., 1:429, 1906.

[67] Dakin and Ransom: Jour. Biol. Chem., 2:305, 1906.

[68] Charles: Med. Press and Cir., 133:578, 1906.

[69] Crofton: Lancet, London, 176:607, 1909.

[70] Moore, Edie and Abram: Biochem Jour., 3:82, 1908.

[71] Bainbridge and Beddard: Biochem. Jour. 3:82, 1908.

[72] Evan: Jour. Physiol. 44:461, 1912.

[73] Hedon: Compt. rend. Soc. de biol. 74:375, 1913.

[74] Pemberton, Ralph, and Sweet, J. E.: Further Studies on the Influence of the Ductless Glands on the Pancreas, Arch. Int. Med., May, 1910, p. 466.

[75] Enriquez: Bull. du Lab. de biol. Appliq. 2, No. 2-No. 8, 1904.

[76] Wentworth, A. H.: The Cause of Infantile Atrophy, J. A. M. A., July 20, 1907, p. 204.

[77] Sweet, J. E., and Pemberton, Ralph: Experimental Observations on Secretin, Arch. Int. Med., February, 1908, p. 231.

[78] Beveridge: Am. Med. 20:255, 1914.

[79] Lockwood, G. R.: Diseases of Stomach, 1913, Chapter on Achylia. Bassler, Anthony: Am. Jour. Gastro-Enter., 1914; Kemp, R. C.: Diseases of Stomach, Intestine and Pancreas, 1912. Reed, Boardman: Am. Jour. Gastro-Enter., October, 1912. Ewald (Therapie der Gegenwart, 1915, p. 5) reports favorable results with Secretogen in one of thirteen cases.

[80] Harrower: Pediatrics 25:430, 1913; New York M. J. 118:315, 1913; Arch. f. Verdauungskr. 20:577, 1914.

[81] Flieg: Arch. gén. de méd. 191:1482, 1903.

[82] Wertheimer and Duvillier: Compt. rend. Soc. de biol. 68:535, 1910.

[83] Hallion: Presse méd. 20:433, 1912.

[84] Stockton: In Osier and McCrae’s Modern Medicine 3:19, 1914.

[85] Ehrman and Lederer: Deutsch. med. Wchnschr. 35:879, 1909.

[86] Meltzer, S. J.: The Factors of Safety in Animal Structure and Animal Economy, J. A. M. A., Feb. 23, 1907, p. 655.

[87] Carlson: Am. Jour. Physiol. 38:248, 1915.

[88] Delezenne and Pozerski: Jour. de Physiol., 14:540, 1912.

[89] Pawlow: Ergeb. de Physiol., O., p. 266, 1902.

[90] Secretogen, Report of the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry, J. A. M. A., May 1, p. 1518, 1915.

[91] Stepp (Note 13). Dale and Laidlow: Jour. Physiol. 44:11, 1912. Launoy and Ochslin: Comp. rend. Soc. de biol., 74:338, 1913.

[92] Churchill, J. F.: De la cause immédiate et du traitement spécifique de la phthisie pulmonaire et des maladies tuberculeuses, Paris, 1858.

[93] The Hypo­phosphite Fallacy, J. A. M. A., April 25, 1914, p. 1346.

[94] Marriott, W. McKim: The Therapeutic Value of the Hypo­phosphites, J. A. M. A., Feb. 12, 1916, p. 486.

[95] Liquid Sulphur—Sulphume, J. A. M. A., Dec. 2, 1911, p. 1853.

[96] Proc. Am. Pharm. A. 40:488, 1892.

[97] McCollum and Hart, Grosser and Husler, Plimmer, and Bayliss and Plimmer, quoted by Marshall (Note 2).

[98] Marshall, E. K.: The Therapeutic Value of Organic Phosphorus Compounds, J. A. M. A., Feb. 13, 1915, p. 573.

[99] See reports of the Council, J. A. M. A., Jan. 9, 1915, p. 165; Jan. 23, 1915, p. 359; Nov. 27, 1919, p. 1836; March 27, 1915, p. 1093.

[100] See Reports Council Pharm. and Chem., 1912, p. 36.

[101] Since publication of this report the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry has revised its rule against recognition of articles advertised to the public so that this shall not apply (a) to disinfectants, germicides and antiseptics, provided the advertising be limited to conservative recommendations for their use as prophylactic applications to superficial cuts and abrasions of the skin and to the mucous surfaces of the mouth, pharynx and nose, and provided they are not advertised as curative agents, and (b) to non-medicinal food preparations, except when advertised in an objectionable manner.

[102] J. A. M. A., Nov. 2, 1912, p. 1604.

[103] J. A. M. A., May 1, 1915, p. 1518.

[104] Carlson. A. J.; Lebensohn, J. E., and Pearlman, S. J.; Has Secretin a Therapeutic Value? J. A. M. A., Jan. 15, 1916, p. 178. Reports Council on Pharm. and Chem., 1915, p. 98.

[105] So-Called Secretin Preparations, J. A. M. A., Jan 15, 1916, p. 208; Reports Council on Pharm. and Chem., 1915, p. 96.

[106] All italics are ours. G. W. Carnrick Company.

[107] Bio-Chem. Jour. 1:28, 1906.

[108] Presse Médicale, 1912, p. 433.

[109] Cf. interal. Schagindweit, E.: Experimentelle Versuche mit Hormonal, Arch. Internat. de Pharmacod., 1913, p. 77.

[110] Three other Tilden products have been the subject of deserved and unfavorable comment in the J. A. M. A: “Narkine” in the issue of Oct. 24, 1908, “Hydrocyanate of Iron-Tilden” in the issue of June 19, 1909, and “Febrisol,” in the issue of June 29, 1912. The first two articles are reprinted in the latest (9th) edition of “The Propaganda for Reform.”

[D] From the Department of Dermatology and Syphilology of the Western Reserve University and of the Cleveland City Hospital.

[111] Dusart, L.: Recherches expérimentales sur le rôle physiologique et thérapeutique du phosphate de chaux, Paris, 1870; Quel est l’acide du suc gastrique? Lille, 1874, unbound, 8 pages; Notice sur l’emploi et les proprietés du lacto-phosphate de chaux, Clichy, 1868, unbound, 8 pages. Dusart and Blache: Recherches sur l’assimilation du phosphate de chaux, Paris, 1868, unbound, 15 pages.

[E] From the Hull Physiological Laboratory of the University of Chicago.

[F] This investigation was begun in 1915 by Drs. A. Woelfel and A. J. Carlson.

[112] Gillet-Damotti: Comp. rend. Acad. d. Sc., July 7, 1873.

[113] Fragner: Wien. med. Wchnschr. 60:1033–1036, 1910.

[114] Scherer: Wien. med. Wchnschr. 60:1033–1036, 1910.

[115] Huët: Nederlandsch Tijdschr. v. Geneesk. 1:1353–1370, 1914.

[116] Hygiama is said to be a food consisting of condensed milk, with (fatless) cocoa and cereals added to it (Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine and Surgery, 1907).

[117] The North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station has recently published (Bulletin 22, 1915, p. 386) a complete chemical analysis of Nutrolactis. It contains only 0.60 per cent. solids (including strychnin and emodin). It has a bitter taste. The alcohol content was 3.5 per cent. The report concludes: “a little strychnin, a little alcohol, and a little laxative is about all there is to cause an increase in the milk secretion.”

[118] Millbank: New York M. J. 50:544, 1889.

[119] Those who are interested in the relative merits of the Rideal-Walker, the Lancet and the Hygienic Laboratory methods for the valuation of disinfectants, should read the following: Method of Standardizing Disinfectants with and without Organic Matter, J. A. M. A., Aug. 24, 1912, p. 667; Standard­ization of disinfectants, Report of the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry, J. A. M. A., April 26, 1913, p. 1316; Standardizing Disinfectants, J. A. M. A., Sept. 30, 1916, p. 883.

[120] Alpha-napthol was also found to be the basis of the nostrum Benetol. See The Journal, April 15, 1911, p. 1128.

[121] U. S. Dept. of Agric., Insecticide and Fungicide Board, Service and Regulatory Announcements, No. 16, issued Aug. 8, 1917. No. 244, Misbranding of “Ziratol.” U. S. v. 100 bottles, more or less, of “Ziratol”; consent decree of condemnation and forfeiture; product ordered released on bond, p. 248. No. 256, Misbranding of “Ziratol.” U. S. v. 936 bottles and 6 jugs of Ziratol, consent decree of condemnation and forfeiture; product ordered released on bond, p. 260.

[122] Carlson, Lebensohn and Pearlman, The Journal, Jan. 15, 1916, p. 178.

[123] Carlson: The Control of Hunger in Health and Disease, Chicago, 1916.

[124] “... it is equally unethical to prescribe or dispense secret medicines or other secret remedial agents,...” Sec. 6, Art. I, Chapter II, Principles of Medical Ethics.

[125] The evolution of “Phillips’ Phospho-Muriate of Quinine Comp.” from “Phillips’ Wheat Phosphates” may be interesting. Every one knows that therapeutics tends to fashions, and “Phillips’ Wheat Phosphates” appears to have had its inception as the result of the observation that super-refined white flour contains less phosphates than the corresponding amount of wheat. It was assumed that such flour must be deficient in an essential constituent, and the Wheat Phosphates preparation was apparently designed to fill the want. It was exploited for the relief of numerous conditions that were supposed, without satisfactory evidence, to result from this deficiency. When iron, quinin and strychnin mixtures became the vogue a quarter of a century ago, it was only natural to ride on the wave of popularity and the already widely advertised “Wheat Phosphates” was further enhanced—commercially—by the addition of the iron, quinin and strychnin, the amount of alkaloid added being practically negligible. Those who are not familiar with the various phases of the phosphorus, phosphoric acid, lactophosphate, lecithin, nuclein and glycero­phosphate propaganda are referred to a report of the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry in The Journal A. M. A., Sept. 30, 1916, p. 1033.

[126] Manufacturers are warned by the Department of Agriculture, through the Bureau of Chemistry, that combinations claiming to contain digestive enzymes must be active when sold. If preparations tend to deteriorate in a short time, each lot should be dated and not sold after the period when they become inactive. While every manufacturer must be considered innocent until proved guilty, and ignorant until proved knowing, it is a matter of knowledge that manufacturers have marketed their various digestive mixtures with full appreciation of their worthlessness.—(Jour. A. M. A., Dec. 19, 1914, p. 2234.)

[127] See report, The Journal, Sept. 9, 1916, p. 827.

[128] The E. L. Patch Company declares that “no hexa­methylen­amine has ever been used in the manufacture of Formitol tablets,” and that ammonium chloride and para­form­aldehyde are among the ingredients used in the manufacture of these tablets. The hexa­methylen­amine present in the tablets, therefore, must have been produced by interaction of the para­form­aldehyde and ammonium chloride. This does not alter the laboratory findings regarding the composition of the tablets, namely, that they “contain formaldehyde (or para­form­aldehyde), an ammonium compound and some hexa­methylen­amine.”

[129] After publication of the foregoing report had been authorized by the Council, a letter was received from Charles L. Heffner, advising that the distribution of the circulars has been discontinued.

[130] The Comparative Values of Some Local Anesthetics by H. C. Hamilton, Detroit, Mich., from the Research Laboratory of Parke, Davis & Co., J. Lab. & Clin. M. 4:60 (Nov.) 1918.

[131] Comparative Efficiency of Local Anesthetics, V, by T. Sollmann, from the Pharmacological Laboratory of the School of Medicine, Western Reserve University, J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap. 11:69 (Feb.) 1918.

[132] A Further Contribution to the Pharmacology of the Local Anesthetics by Eggleston and Hatcher, from the Department of Pharmacology, Cornell University Medical College, New York City, J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap. 13:433 (Aug.) 1919.

[133] It is well known that when a solution of mercuric chlorid in water is evaporated, mercuric chlorid passes off with the water vapors, but under any condition the amount is but a fraction of the whole. As in Platt’s Chlorides other metallic chlorids are present, the formation of complex mercuric compounds which is bound to have occurred, should retard or prevent the volatilization of mercuric chlorid. That this actually occurs was confirmed by the following experiment: When 1 gm. mercuric chlorid was dissolved in 1 liter of water and the solution distilled, the distillate contained a very small amount of mercury. Then the experiment was repeated after adding sodium chlorid to the solution to simulate the conditions in Platt’s Chlorides. In this case no mercury was found in the distillate. Even were all the mercury in a bottle of Platt’s Chlorides volatilized in a room 10 by 12 by 9 feet, this would be equivalent to only about ¹⁄₅₀₀ grain mercuric chlorid per cubic foot.

[134] Iron Citrate Green, The Journal A. M. A., Jan. 12, 1917, p. 135; Reports Council Pharm. and Chem., 1916, p. 42.

[135] Glycerophosphates, The Journal A. M. A., Sept. 30, 1916, p. 1033; Reports Council Pharm. and Chem., 1916, p. 32. Sodium glycero­phosphates. Reports Council Pharm. and Chem., 1916, p. 52.

[136] Barker and Rowntree (Bull. Johns Hopkins Hospital 29:215, 221 [Oct.] 1918) obtained the following results with eucalyptus oil:

Cat, hypodermic; survived 3 c.c. per kg.; killed by 5.5 c.c. per kg.

Cat, intraperitoneal; killed by 5 c.c. per kg.

Dog, hypodermic; survived 1.3 c.c. per kg.

They quote from Browning that the following doses, c.c. per kilogram, are not fatal: frogs, 0.5; rabbits, 1 to 5; guinea-pigs, 1.

[137] An ampoule labeled as follows: “Coagulen-Ciba, 20 c.c. in sterile solution ready for use. To be shaken. Importé de Suisse. Op. No. 968” was found to measure only 15 c.c. Another ampoule with the same label and Op. No. 9641 contained considerable sediment.

[138] Since the report was sent to the manufacturers, the results have been published. Hanzlik, P. J., and Weidenthal, C. M., Plasma and Blood Clotting Efficiency of Thromboplastic Agents in Vitro and their Stability, J. Pharmacol. and Exper. Therap. 14:157 (October) 1919; Hanzlik, P. J., Karsner, H. T., and Fetterman, J., Anaphylactoid Conditions, J. Pharmacol. and Exper. Therap. 14:189 (Oct.) 1919; Hanzlik, P. J., Karsner, H. T., and Fetterman, F., Anaphylactoid Phenomena from Thromboplastic Agents, J. Pharmacol. and Exper. Therap. 14:229 (Nov.) 1919.

[139] La Coste: Annalen der Chemie (Liebig’s) 208:34.

[140] Castelli, G.: Arch. f. Schiffs- u. Tropen-Hyg. 16:605, 1912.

[141] Nichols, H. J.: Salvarsan and Sodium Cacodylate, J. A. M. A. 56:492 (Feb. 18) 1911.

[142] Cole, H. N.: A Study of Sodium Cacodylate in the Treatment of Syphilis, J. A. M. A. 67:2012 (Dec. 30) 1916.

[143] Voegtlin, Carl, and Smith, H. W.: J. Pharmacol. and Exper. Therap. 16:449, 1921.

[144] Wright, B. L.; Kennell, L. A., and Hussey, L. M.: M. Rec. 97:607 (April 10) 1920.

[145] J. A. M. A. June 12, 1920, p. 1654.

[146] Nichols, H. J.: The Spirocheticidal Value of Disodium Ethyl Arsenate (Mon-Arsone), J. A. M. A. 76:1335 (May 14) 1921.

[G] Read before the Section on Pharmacology and Therapeutics at the Sixty-Seventh Annual Session of the American Medical Association, Detroit, June, 1916.

[147] Lyons, A. B.: Detroit Lancet, 1882, 6, 157.

[148] The Journal A. M. A., Nov. 21, 1914, p. 1871.

[149] Zinc permanganate, J. A. M. A., Feb. 6, 1909, p. 488; Reports Chem. Lab. 2:15, 1909.

[150] The Unreliability of Unimportant Medicaments, The Journal A. M. A., Sept. 28, 1912, p. 1156.

[151] Levy, R. L., and Rowntree, L. G.: On the Toxicity of Various Commercial Preparations of Emetin Hydrochlorid, Arch. Int. Med., March, 1916, p. 420.

[152] The Journal A. M. A., March 5, 1910, p. 806.

[153] The Journal A. M. A., Aug. 19, 1911, p. 671.

[154] The Journal A. M. A., April 20, 1912, p. 1216.

[155] The Journal A. M. A., April 27, 1912, p. 1298.

[156] The Journal A. M. A., April 4, 1914, p. 1109.

[157] The Journal A. M. A., Nov. 27, 1915, p. 1932.

[158] Reports A. M. A. Chemical Laboratory, 1912, v, 102.

[159] Am. Jour. Pharm., 1915, 87, 439.

[160] The Journal A. M. A., Jan. 23, 1909, p. 311.

[161] The Journal A. M. A., Dec. 31, 1910, pp. 2303 and 2314.

[162] The Journal A. M. A., Oct. 5, 1912, p. 1295.

[163] The Journal A. M. A., April 17, 1915, p. 1344.

[164] The Journal A. M. A., April 4, 1914, p. 1108.

[H] Contribution from the Chemical Laboratory of the American Medical Association.

[165] The Outlook, Jan. 17, 1917, p. 100.

[166] Med. Rec., New York, Jan. 27, 1917, p. 160.

[167] Matas, Rudolph: Burns Treated with Paraffin Mixtures, New Orleans Med. and Surg. Jour., April, 1917, p. 681.

[168] These determinations will be described later.

[169] When the sample was first obtained, this feature was not observed.

[170] Made by the Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, and accepted by the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry for New and Non­official Remedies, The Journal, May 12, 1917, p. 1406.

[171] No chemical examination was made.

[172] Sollmann, Torald: Suggested Formulas for Paraffin Films, The Journal A. M. A., April 7, 1917, p. 1037.

[173] Hull, A. J.: The Treatment of Burns by Paraffin, Brit Med. Jour., Jan. 13, 1917, p. 37; The Treatment of Burns by Paraffin, Therapeutics, The Journal A. M. A., Feb. 3, 1917, p. 373.

[174] The “soft paraffin” of the British Pharmacopeia resembles petrolatum, U. S. P., Queries and Minor Notes, The Journal A. M. A., April 28, 1917, p. 1281.

[175] The paraffin used in this formula was supplied by the Standard Oil Company of Indiana; the melting point given by the manufacturers is from 120 to 122 F., which, according to the American Standard of taking melting points, gives higher results than the method described in the pharmacopeia.

[176] The “Asphalt Varnish” used was obtained from Remien & Kuhnert Company, Chicago.

[177] While needless, a color resembling “Ambrine” may be obtained by the addition of coloring agents.

[178] In a personal communication Dr. Sollmann expressed the opinion that the synthetic preparation is inferior to the paraffin used in the formula, basing the view on the greater plasticity of the paraffin. For practical purposes, the paraffin will most probably serve as well as the mixture, especially when it is held in place by bandages, but I believe that the mixture is more adhesive.

[179] Paraffin is sometimes spoken of as “white wax.” This is unfortunate, as “white wax” is an official name for “White Beeswax, U. S. P.” The term “white wax” is also often applied to “Chinese wax,” which is formed from an insect living on the tree Ligustrum lucidum.

[180] I am indebted to Dr. Torald Sollmann for these methods.

[181] When painting a surface with a paraffin film, I found that the temperature of the paraffin should not be too close to the melting point, but several degrees above; otherwise it does not “set” well.

[182] Fisher, H. E.: Nonadhering Surgical Gauze, The Journal A. M. A., March 25, 1916, p. 939.

[183] Sollmann, Torald: Paraffin-Covered Bandages, The Journal A. M. A., April 21, 1917, p. 1178.

[184] Rep. Chem. Lab., A. M. A., 1915, 8, 89.

[185] Rep. Chem. Lab., A. M. A., 1915, 8, 106.

[186] Rep. Chem. Lab., A. M. A., 1916, 9, 118.

[187] U. S. Disp., ed. 19, p. 1315.

[188] Am. Disp., ed. 2, p. 2022.

[189] U. S. Pharmacopeia, IX, p. 481.

[190] Rep. Mass. Bd. Health, 1909, 41, 477.

[191] Pharm. Jour., 1912, 89, 610.

[192] Pharm. Jour., 1912, 89, 610.

[193] The time required to complete the process after the initial portion of lard has been added should be about twenty minutes.

[194] In order to facilitate the incorporation of the iodine with the fatty base the iodine was first powdered by trituration with alcohol and drying the powder in the air.

[195] Rep. Chem. Lab., A. M. A., 1916, 9, 118.

[196] Pharm. Jour., 1912, 89, 610.

[197] The resultant fatty residue was of a brownish-green color. It no longer had either the taste, color or odor of lard. It was noted that the fats, after removal by this method from the freshly prepared ointment, were nearly white. As the ointment aged the fat became successively darker in color.

[198] The method depends upon the conversion of all of the iodine compounds into iodate by fusion with sodium hydroxide and oxidation with potassium nitrate. The melt is dissolved in water, a little sodium bisulphite added, the solution cooled and neutralized with phosphoric acid, using methyl orange as indicator. An excess of bromine water is added, and the mixture boiled to expel carbon dioxid and bromine. A little sodium salicylate is added, the solution cooled, an excess of potassium iodid added, and the liberated iodine titrated with tenth-normal sodium thiosulphate in the usual way. One sixth of the iodine found is obtained from the material assayed, the balance being furnished by the potassium iodide added.—Jour. Biochem., 1914, 19, 251.

[199] In order to determine whether the iodine which is in combination with fat is absorbed through the skin, a few experiments were carried out. The dark-colored iodine-containing fat (obtained from the ointment and washed free from potassium iodide by the method described above) was rubbed thoroughly into the skin of the forearm. It was allowed to remain for four hours, after which the limb was scoured with soap suds. Beginning at the time of the application the urine was collected for forty-eight hours. This was evaporated to small bulk and the residue tested for iodine by Kendall’s method. Small amounts of iodine were found. These findings were taken to indicate that the iodine-containing fat is absorbed to some extent by the skin. It is generally believed that potassium iodide is not absorbed by the unbroken skin. Therefore it seems reasonable to suppose that the principal iodine effects obtainable from iodine ointment are those due to the free iodine contained in the preparation, supplemented to a slight extent by the iodine which is contained in the fatty ointment base.—Jour. Biochem., 1914, 19, 251.

[200] Unfortunately, the nondescriptive name “aspirin” has been used extensively in European literature and has even got into European pharmacopeias, instead of the scientific name “acetyl­salicylic acid.”

[201] For reference to older literature see Beilstein, II, 1496 (889).

[202] “The Melting Temperature of Aspirin and Salicylic Acid Mixtures,” Proc. Assoc. Off. Agr. Chem., 1912; Bureau of Chemistry, Department of Agriculture, Bull. 162.

[203] “Assay of Aspirin,” J. Pharm. Chem., 15 (117), No. 7, 213.

[204] Similar observations were made by Emery and Wright, who state: “An accurate determination of the melting temperature in this way (the rate of heating was such as to give a rise in temperature of about 1° per minute) is rendered difficult by the fact that ‘aspirin’ decomposes on heating, as evidenced in the depression of the melting temperature of the pure substance of about 1° for every five minutes’ heating just below its melting temperature.”

[205] Isolated crystals attached to the walls of the melting-point tube, apart from the bulk acetyl­salicylic acid, melted at a lower temperature.

[206] An excess of alcohol destroys or lessens the color when only a very minute amount of salicylic acid is present.

[207] The control should be made each time as standing in the air changes its tinctorial power.

[208] The presence of pure acetyl­salicylic acid does not seem to affect the iron (Fe+++) salicylic acid coloration. The small amount of acetic acid was added to the sodium salicylate control solution (1) to stimulate an acidity approximating the acidity of the acetyl­salicylic acid, and (2) since acetyl­salicylic acid gives by hydrolysis both acetic acid and salicylic acid, it was thought advisable to add acetic acid to the standard. If there is any free acetic acid in a sample of acetyl­salicylic acid containing salicylic acid (which I believe is generally the case when salicylic acid is present) then it would modify the color given by the same amount of salicylic acid alone. For this reason it was thought to be more comparable to have the standard contain a slight amount of acetic acid.

[209] This standard is somewhat similar to the one proposed by T. W. Thoburn and Paul J. Hanzlik, J. Biol. Chem., 23, 175.

[210] Apoth. Ztg., 1915, p. 247; Bull. soc. chem., 17 (1915), 401. “Studies of the decomposition of aspirin determined by titrametric methods and by conductivity measurements indicate that the reaction is exceedingly complex,” T. and H. Chem. Abs., 10, 591.

[211] “In the Matter of Aspirin. Answer to the warning circular of the Bayer Co. of June 1, 1917,” by Mr. Paul Bakewell, Monsanto Chemical Works.

[212] U. S. patent number 812,554—the novocain patent—declares that the salt melts at 156 C. Evidently based on this, the German Pharmacopoeia Remedia “Hoechst” and past editions of New and Non­official Remedies give this melting point. Two specimens of German made novocain obtained from our files, stated to be manufactured by Farbwerke-Hoechst vorm. Meister, Lucius and Bruening, Hoechst a.M. were found to melt, respectively, between 154 and 155 C. and between 153.5 and 154.5 C. when the melting point was determined according to the directions of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia, 9th revision. The various specimens examined at that time melted between 153 and 155 C. and it was decided to permit this range.

[213] Annual Reports of the Chem. Lab. of the A. M. A., 1915, p. 89.

[214] Warren, L. E.: Iodin Ointment, Am. J. Pharm., August, 1917, p. 339.

[215] Ibid., p. 90.

[216] Reports A. M. A. Chemical Laboratory, 1915, p. 106; Ibid., 1917, p. 87.

[217] Ibid., 1917, p. 87.

[I] From the Chemical Laboratory of the American Medical Association.

[J] The first article of this series dealt with the purity of acetyl­salicylic acid. Leech, P. N.: Examination of American-Made Acetylsalicylic Acid, J. Indust. & Engin. Chem., April, 1918, p. 288. “What’s in a Name?” ibid., p. 255. Acetylsalicylic Acid, or “What’s in a Name?” Editorial, J. A. M. A. 70:1097 (April 13) 1918.

[218] Stieglitz, Julius: Synthetic Drugs II, J. A. M. A. 70:688 (March 9) 1918. Leech, P. N.: The Vindication of the American Chemist; Synthetic Drugs, Chicago Chem. Bull. January, 1918, p. 230.

[219] The Quality of American-Made Synthetics, J. A. M. A. 69:1018 (Sept. 22) 1917.

[220] This committee is composed of Julius Stieglitz, chairman, professor of chemistry, University of Chicago; W. A. Puckner, secretary of the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry, American Medical Association, and Moses Gomberg, professor of chemistry, University of Michigan.

[221] Stieglitz, Julius: Shortage of Synthetic Remedies, J. A. M. A. 69:400 (Aug. 4) 1917.

[222] Foreign Patents to Be Open to American Manufacturers, J. A. M. A. 69:1550 (Nov. 3) 1917.

[223] For an interesting discussion, see Stieglitz, Julius: Synthetic Drugs, J. A. M. A. 70: 536 (Feb. 23); 688 (March 9); 923 (March 30) 1918. Bracken, L. L.: Federal Trade Commission Requests Use of Official Names, ibid. 70:558 (Feb. 23) 1918.

[224] The testing and standardizing of arsphenamin is being done by the Hygienic Laboratory, U. S. Public Health Service. For chemical tests see reprint 472, Public Health Reports. For a review of the patent literature see article by H. F. Lewis, J. Indust. Engin. Chem., Feb. 1, 1919, p. 141.

[225] New and Non­official Remedies, 1919, published by The Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry of the American Medical Association, p. 82.

[226] The pharmaceutic monograph on barbital has been omitted. It was published in the 1918 edition of the Annual Reports of the Chemical Laboratory of the American Medical Association.

[227] New and Non­official Remedies, 1918, p. 96.

[228] Puckner, W. A., and Hilpert, W. S.: Veronal-Sodium and Medinal, J. A. M. A. 52:311 (Jan. 23) 1909; Rep. A. M. A. Chemical Lab., 2:13.

[229] Since this was written, the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry has also accepted “Barbital-Sodium Abbott.”

[230] No short, scientific name has been given for this substance although several are under consideration.

[231] Certain chemical tests are described by E. H. Rankin, Indian J. M. Res. 4:237, 1916; also Chem. Abst. 10:524. Other references are Schmidt: Pharmazeutische Chemie 2:990, Beilstein II, (403). Arends, G.: Neue Arzneimittel und pharmazeutische Spezialitäten, Ed. 4, 1913, p. 271.

[232] Kennert: Chem. Zentralbl. 2:556, 1897.

[233] Doebner and Gieseke: Ann. d. Chem. (Liebigs) 240:291, 1887.

[234] The validity of this patent is to be doubted.

[235] Attempts were made to make salts of phenyl­cinchoninic acid with metals such as copper, mercury, barium and calcium, and also the chloroplatinic acid or periodid addition products. Reliable quantitative results could not be obtained.

[236] This corresponds to “diluted alcohol, U. S. P.”

[237] The ethyl acetate was Merck’s product (redistilled), stated to contain 81.6 per cent. of ethyl acetate, 10 per cent. alcohol and alcohol derivatives.

[238] Seidell, A.: Bull. 67, Hyg. Lab., U. S. P. H. S., p. 11.

[239] Very recently the Chemical Foundation, Inc., has undertaken to grant licenses for cinchophen. The Calco Chemical Company has obtained one.

[240] The monograph appears in New and Non­official Remedies, 1919.

[241] The report of these and subsequent toxicity experiments on procain appeared in the report of the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry, J. A. M. A. 72:136 (Jan. 11) 1919.

[242] Seidell: J. Biol. Chem. 14:19, 1913.

[243] Proposed Institute for Drug Research, editorial Chicago Chem. Bull., April, 1919, p. 67.

[K] See also ????.

[244] Former estimates of the number of physicians who prescribed Anasarcin appear to have been too high, possibly based on the ratio obtaining in Winchester, Tenn. Inquiry at five fairly busy drug stores in a large eastern city showed that in no instance was the pharmacist even acquainted with the name. One pretended to be, and manifested pity for the inquirer’s ignorance in supposing that it could be imported during the war! He was obviously merely less honest than the others, who frankly admitted they had never heard of it.

[245] J. A. M. A. 44:1791 (June 3) 1905; ibid. 44:1997 (June 24) 1905; ibid. 45:935 (Sept. 23) 1905; ibid. 46:134 (Jan. 13) 1906; ibid. 46:290 (Jan. 27) 1906; ibid. 58:280 (Jan. 27) 1912.

[L] See index for other articles on Anasarcin.

[246] J. A. M. A. 46:288 (Jan. 27) 1906; ibid. 48:1535 (May 4) 1907; ibid. 48:1614 (May 11) 1907, and ibid. 49:1992 (Dec. 8) 1917.

[M] See index for additional article on Bell-Ans.

[247] British Association for the Advancement of Science. Second Report on Colloid Chemistry. Published for the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research by His Majesty’s Stationery Office.

[248] Ferrivine, Intramine and Collosol Iodine, J.A.M.A. 69:841 (Sept. 8) 1917.

[249] Collosol Preparations, J.A.M.A. 72:1694 (June 7) 1919.

[250] Collosol Cocaine Not Admitted to N. N. R., J. A. M. A. 72:1094 (April 12) 1919.

[N] Glyco-Heroin

[251] Here is what The Journal published on Erling:

A. E. Erling according to the stationery, is “Chairman” of “Censors.” Our records fail to show that Erling ever graduated in medicine. The Health Department of Milwaukee, however, says that Erling, when interviewed, claimed to have “a diploma from the German Medical College of Chicago, but refused to show or present the same.” The American Medical Directory has this item:

German Medical College, Chicago. Chartered Dec. 28, 1891, by Johann Malok. Fraudulent. Extinct.

A few years ago Erling was in La Crosse, Wis., and in 1908 a circular letter bearing his name and picture was sent out, from which the following extracts are taken. Capitalization as in the original:

“Dear Friend:—Permit me to call your attention to the fact that Dr. A. E. Erling, the eminent specialist, after many years of travel, practice and medical research, has given up his extensive road practice and severed his connection with the several medical institutes which have heretofore occupied considerable of his attention.... Dr. Erling’s success in the treatment of all CHRONIC DISEASES IS truly remarkable. NERVOUSNESS, all BLOOD DISEASES, RHEUMATISM, DISEASES PECULIAR TO WOMEN; CATARRH, DEAFNESS, CHRONIC CONSTIPATION ... APPENDICITIS ... PILES, STOMACH TROUBLES, PARTIAL PARALYSIS, etc., give way as if by magic under his skilful method of treatment.... Understand, please, that Dr. Erling DOES NOT ACCEPT A CASE FOR TREATMENT unless he can PROMISE A SPEEDY AND POSITIVELY PERMANENT CURE.”

The Journal also has in its files advertisements (vintage of 1915), from some Wisconsin country newspapers; which notify the afflicted that “Drs. Erling and Karass, the expert German Specialists,” could be seen in their offices in the “Schlegel Hotel,” the “Schlitz Hotel,” etc., as the case might be. Whether one of these “German Specialists” was Dr. Arnold E. Erling, The Journal does not know. Official medical records fail to show, at least, that there is any other Erling in the state of Wisconsin.

[252] “Free” or elementary iodin (such as the tincture of iodin) is used externally for its local irritant and antiseptic effects. “Combined iodin” (e. g., iodid of potassium), does not produce these effects; and when preparations containing iodin in combined form are used, it is with the expectation of obtaining the systemic (“alterative”) effects such as are produced by iodids.

[O] This matter was largely reprinted in the Propaganda for Reform, eighth and ninth editions.

[P] See index for additional articles on proteogens.

[253] Page 227.

[254] Advance pages, the Oxford Medicine, 1919, Vol. 1, Part. 3, p. 245.

[255] Some of the Sal Hepatica advertising has claimed that it “is a saline combination with the addition of Sodium Phosphate and Lithia Citrate!”

[256] J. A. M. A., Feb. 7, 1914, p. 472.

[257] Page 64.

[258] At this time Tyree’s Antiseptic Powder was an “ethical proprietary”—heaven save the mark!—and advertised only to physicians. Later, as The Journal has shown, it entered the “patent medicine” field as “ideal for douche” and the “best preventative known.” The articles on this nostrum are reprinted in the ninth edition of “The Propaganda for Reform.”

[259] See index for additional article.

[260] The Bayer people may try to convey the impression that “Aspirin” is pure and reliable whereas other brands are not. Since acetyl­salicylic acid is a definite chemical compound, there is no more likelihood of this being sophisticated than there is of quinin being adulterated. Furthermore, the Council in accepting acetyl­salicylic acid for New and Non­official Remedies has provided standards of purity which will insure a uniform product. The brand of one firm—Powers-Weightman-Rosengarten Co., of Philadelphia—has been accepted by the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry for inclusion in New and Non­official Remedies, 1917.

[261] The following brands of acetyl­salicylic acid conform to the standards of the Council and are in New and Non­official Remedies:

“Aspirin—L. and F.”: Lehn & Fink, New York.
“Acetylsalicylic Acid—Squibb”: E. R. Squibb & Sons, New York.
“Acetylsalicylic Acid—Merck”: Merck & Co., New York.
“Acetylsalicylic Acid—Milliken”: John T. Milliken & Co., St. Louis.
“Acetylsalicylic Acid—M. C. W.”: Mallinckrodt Chemical Works, St. Louis.
“Acetylsalicylic Acid—Monsanto”: Monsanto Chemical Works, St. Louis.
“Acetylsalicylic Acid—P. W. R.”: Powers-Weightman-Rosengarten Company, Philadelphia.

[262] Warning Against Untried Medicaments, J. A. M. A. 74:1654 (June 12) 1920.

[263] Wright, B. L.; Kennell, L. A., and Hussey, L. M.: Med. Rec. 97:607 (April 10) 1920.

[264] Nichols, H. J.: Salvarsan and Sodium Cacodylate, J. A. M. A. 56:492 (Feb. 18) 1911.

[265] Voegtlin, Carl, and Smith, H. W.: J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap. 16:449, 1921.

[266] Compare Schamberg, J. F.; Kolmer, J. A., and Raiziss, G. W.: Am. J. M. Sc. 150:25
(July) 1920.

[Q] From the Cancer Research Service of the General Memorial Hospital, New York.

[R] This critical discussion of the status of chemotherapy in tumors was prepared at the request of the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry of the American Medical Association.

[267] Wassermann, Keysser and Wassermann: Deutsch. med. Wchnschr. 37:2389, 1911. Wassermann and Hansemann: Berl. klin. Wchnschr. 49:4, 1912.

[268] Neuberg and Caspari: Deutsch. med. Wchnschr. 38:375, 1912. Neuberg, Caspari and Löhe: Berl. klin. Wchnschr. 49:1405, 1912.

[269] Gers, Gaube du: La cuprase et le cancer, Paris, 1913.

[270] Keysser: Wien. klin. Wchnschr. 26:1664, 1913.

[271] Izar: Ztschr. f. Immunitätsforsch., 1913. Izar and Basile: Berl. klin. Wchnschr., 1913, p. 1312.

[272] Lewin, Carl: Berl. klin. Wchnschr., 1913, p. 147; Berl. klin. Wchnschr., 1913, p. 541.

[273] Werner and Szécsi: Ztschr. f. Chemotherap., 1913, Orig., i, 358. Szécsi: Ibid., ref., 1913, ii, 1060.

[274] Uhlenhuth, Dold and Bindseil: Ref., München. med. Wchnschr., 1912, p. 1782.

[275] Contamin, Detoeuf and Thomos: Bull. de l’assn. franç. pour l’étude du cancer, vi, 62.

[276] Apolant, H.: VI Tag. der freien Vereinigung für Mikrobiologie., Berlin, 1912. Ref. München. med. Wchnschr., 1912, p. 659.

[277] Keysser, F.: Ztschr. f. Chemotherap., 1914, Orig., ii, 188.

[278] Wells, H. G., De Witt, and Corper: Ztschr. f. Chemotherap., 1914, Orig., ii, 110.

[279] J. M. Research, 1913, p. 497.

[280] Weil, Richard: The Effects of Colloidal Copper with an Analysis of the Therapeutic Criteria in Human Cancer, J. A. M. A. 61:1034 (Sept. 27) 1913.

[281] Wolff: Die Lehre von der Krebs Krankheit 3:1913.

[282] Delbet, P.: Bull. de l’Assn. franç. pour l’étude du cancer 5:121, 1912; ibid. 6:85, 1913.

[283] Cade and Girard: Bull. Soc. méd. d. hôp. de Lyon 11:397, 1912.

[284] Bougeaut and Galliot: Clinique, Paris 7:501, 1912.

[285] Blumenthal, A.: Jour. méd. de Bruxelles, 1912, 17:325; Presse méd. belge 65:919, 1913.

[286] Thiroloix and Lancien, A: Bull. et mém. Soc. méd. d. hôp. de Paris 33:197, 1912.

[287] Laurent, M., and Bohec, J.: Med. Press and Circular 94:461, 1912.

[288] Touche, M.: Bull. et mém. Soc. méd. d. hôp. de Paris 35:451, 1913.

[289] Rohdenburg, H.: J. M. Research 26:331, 1915.

[290] Organic Phosphorus Compounds, Editorial, J. A. M. A. 40:1958 (June 21) 1913. Marshall, E. K.: The Therapeutic Value of Organic Phosphorus Compounds, J. A. M. A. 44:573 (Feb. 13) 1915.

[291] Marshall, E. K.: The Therapeutic Value of Organic Phosphorus Compounds, J. A. M. A. 44:573 (Feb. 13) 1915.

[292] McGuire, L. W., and Redden, W. R.: Treatment of Influenza Pneumonia by the Use of Convalescent Human Serum: Preliminary Report, J. A. M. A. 71:1311 (Oct. 19) 1918.

[293] Luckhardt, A. B.; Koch, F. C.; Schroeder, W. F.; and Weiland, A. H.: The Physiological Action of Fumes of Iodin, J. Pharmacol & Exper. Therap. 15:1 (March) 1920.

[294] J. A. M. A. 48:2196 (June 29) 1907; Editorial 57:1373, Berlin letter, p. 1380 (Oct. 21) 1911; 58:1455 (May 11) 1912; 60:770 (March 8) 1913; 60:1480 (May 10) 1913; 61:1737 (Nov. 8) 1913.

[295] Roberts, Dudley, and Cary, E. G.: Bacterial Protein Injections in Influenzal Pneumonia, J. A. M. A. 72:922 (March 29) 1919. Cowie, D. M., and Beaven, P. W.: Nonspecific Protein Therapy in Influenzal Pneumonia, J. A. M. A. 72:1117 (April 19) 1919.

[296] Miller, J. L., and Lusk, F. B.: The Treatment of Arthritis by the Intravenous Injection of Foreign Protein, J. A. M. A. 66:1756 (June 3) 1916; The Use of Foreign Protein in the Treatment of Arthritis, ibid. 67:2010 (Dec. 30) 1916.

[297] Snyder, R. G.: A Clinical Report of Nonspecific Protein Therapy in the Treatment of Arthritis, Arch. Int. Med. 22:224 (Aug.) 1918.

[298] Report of International Health Board, Social Medicine, Medical Economics and Miscellany, J. A. M. A. 72:751 (March 8) 1919.

[299] Dec. 28, 1917, p. 629.

[300] Granted Feb. 27, 1900.

[301] Printers’ Ink, June 29, 1916, p. 189; July 13, 1916, p. 100.

[302] Jacobs, W. A., and Heidelberger, M.: Aromatic Arsenic Compounds, II, The Amides and Alkyl Amides of N—Arylglycine Arsonic Acids, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 41:1587 (Oct.) 1919.

[303] J. A. M. A. 67:764 (Sept. 2) 1916.

[304] Roth, G. B.: Pituitary Standard­ization, Bull 109, Hyg. Lab., U. S. P. H. S., 1917.

[305] Roth, G. B.: Bull 100, Hyg. Lab., U. S. P. H. S.

[306] Pittenger, P. S., and Vanderkleed, C. E.: Jour. Am. Pharm. Assn. 6:131, 1917.

[307] Puckner, W. A., and Clark, A. H.: Examination of Tablets of Bismuth, Opium and Phenol, The Journal A. M. A., July 25, 1908, p. 330. Puckner, W. A., and Hilpert, W. S.: Tablets of Bismuth, Opium and Phenol, Dec. 17, 1910, p. 2169, May 6, 1911, p. 1344. Unreliable Pharmaceutical Products, editorial, May 6, 1911, p. 1335.

[308] Puckner, W. A., and Warren, L. E.: Aromatic Digestive Tablets, The Journal A. M. A., Aug. 20, 1910, p. 710.

[309] Kebler, L. F.: The Tablet Industry, Jour. Am. Pharm. Assn., 1914, 3, 820, 937, 1062.

[310] Bull. 200, Connecticut Agricultural Station, Food and Drug Products, 1917, p. 161.

[S] Read before the Section on Pharmacology and Therapeutics at the Sixty-Eighth Annual Session of the American Medical Association, New York, June, 1917.

[T] This article clearly states the difficulties experienced by the Council in estimating the merits of a proprietary medicinal product and clearly defines the method which has been found to be practical in judging of the therapeutic value of such preparations. The Council has approved this discussion of the subject and has directed that the paper be published in the annual Council reports.

W. A. Puckner, Secretary.

[311] Sherman, G. H.: Vaccines in Toxic Conditions, Illinois M.J. 38: 314 (Oct.) 1920.

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bromid/bromide
cerebral-spinal/cerebro-spinal/cerebrospinal
chlorid/chloride
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Cod-Liver Oil/Cod Liver Oil
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technique/technic
vitamines/vitamins

Spelling corrections:
accompanished —> accomplished
accurtely —> accurately
acethphenetidin —> acetphenetidin
advertiseing —> advertising
advertisments —> advertisements
aluminium —> aluminum
Amercan —> American
amples —> ampules
an ypure —> any pure
and —> an
and —> on
Anelgesic —> Analgesic
anitseptic —> antiseptic
anodoyne —> anodyne
anohter —> another
aortis —> aortitis
artifically —> artificially
asosciated —> associated
Assimiliation —> Assimilation
at —> as
atttention —> attention
authenic —> authentic
author —> authors
Bacilus —> Bacillus
baillus —> bacillus
Barbitol —> Barbital
beeen —> been
benefical —> beneficial
betanaphtol —> betanaphthol
betwen —> between
bibliograpy —> bibliography
Binghampton —> Binghamton
binodide —> biniodide
Botazzi —> Bottazzi
carbonic —> carbolic
carodylate —> cacodylate
carrer —> carrier
carthartic —> cathartic
characteristc —> characteristic
Chautaqua —> Chautauqua
chefly —> chiefly
Chemisty —> Chemistry
Chlorilyptus —> Chlorlyptus
Choron —> Chloron
cities —> cites
claims —> claim
clipping —> clippings
clorless —> colorless
coeffiecient —> coefficient
Collosal —> Collosol
compained —> complained
compaint —> complaint
compatable —> compatible
Compond —> Compound
compostion —> composition
Concernng —> Concerning
conditons —> conditions
conection —> connection
coneentrated —> concentrated
confréres —> confrères
connenction —> connection
constitutent(s) —> constituent(s) Contro —> Control
convicition —> conviction
corespondence —> correspondence
corpuscules —> corpuscles
crystaline —> crystalline
davantages —> advantages
deparment —> department
destroyes —> destroys
develope —> develop
diehylbarbituric —> diethylbarbituric
Diethylbarbiutric —> Diethylbarbituric
digtalis —> digitalis
dirctory —> directory
distate —> distaste
distils —> distills
does —> doses
dulness —> dullness
dystentery —> dysentery
Ehlrich —> Ehrlich
Electobioscope —> Electrobioscope
emipric —> empiric
employe —> employee
entiled —> entitled
eperiments —> experiments
esesntially —> essentially
essentally —> essentially
eucalytpus —> eucalyptus
examation —> examination
extravant —> extravagant
exurberant —> exuberant
Farbkerke-Hoechst —> Farbwerke-Hoechst
Farbwercke-Hoechst —> Farbwerke-Hoechst
Farbwerke-Hochest —> Farbwerke-Hoechst
Farbwerke-Hoechest —> Farbwerke-Hoechst
Farkwerke —> Farbwerke
Ferbwerke —> Farbwerke
finsh —> finish
Firwin —> Firwein
fitrate —> filtrate
flgrant —> flagrant
fluorish —> flourish
FOM —> FROM
form —> from
fradulent —> fraudulent
Fritsche —> Fritzsche
gactric —> gastric
galactogogic —> galactagogic
galactogogue —> galactagogue
Galatagogue —> Galactagogue
Giesecke —> Gieseke
Glyecrin —> Glycerin
Goering —> Goehring
gonoccoccus —> gonococcus
gualtheria —> gaultheria
guiacol —> guaiacol
habtual —> habitual
Hallon —> Hallion
Hcl —> HCl
he —> be
Heath —> Health
hexamenthylenamin —> hexamethylenamin
Hexamenthylenetetramin —> Hexamethylenetetramin
Hexamethylentetramine —> Hexamethylenetetramine
Higienic —> Hygienic
hundrance —> hundrance
Hussy —> Hussey
hydiodic —> hydriodic
hydochloric —> hydrochloric
hyerplastic —> hyerplastic
hyocyamus —> hyocyamus
hyoscymus —> hyoscymus
idodin —> iodin
idosyncrasy —> idiosyncrasy
inections —> injections
ingorance —> ignorance
insommia —> insomnia
intractions —> interactions
intramuscuarly —> intramuscularly
itme —> time
jubject —> subject
lechithin —> lecithin
liklihood —> likelihood
lisited —> listed
LYPMH —> LYMPH
Maganese —> Manganese
Magnesim —> Magnesium
manufacturer —> manufacturers
Mazazine —> Magazine
mecurial —> mercurial
mecuric —> mercuric
medicince —> medicine
Metorrhagia —> Metrorrhagia
Meyers —> Myers
minimum —> minim
mixutre —> mixture
monoceticacidester —> monoaceticacidester
monoply —> monopoly
Naphtol —> Naphthol
napthal —> napthol
Napthol —> Naphthol
neuralga —> neuralgia
nirtic —> nitric
Nutrolactic —> Nutrolactis
O. H. —> A. H. odide —> iodide
Ophtalmol —> Ophthalmol
or —> of
orginal —> original
pag —> page
pamphet —> pamphlet
parffin —> paraffin
parminobenzoate —> paraminobenzoate
particuarly —> particularly
pasticity —> plasticity
patent —> patient
pharmaceptical —> pharmaceutical
Pharmacopia —> Pharmacopeia
pharmactists —> pharmactists
pharmceutical —> pharmaceutical
phoshite —> phosphite
Phram. —> Pharm. physicial —> physical
Pineolum —> Pineoleum
Pinoleum —> Pineoleum
Pitsburgh —> Pittsburgh
pituiary —> pituitary
Plurig andular —> Pluriglandular
Pneumocci —> Pneumococci
Pneumococccus —> Pneumococcus
pnuemonia —> pneumonia
popularily —> popularly
populary —> popularly
postive —> positive
Power —> Powder
precipiate —> precipitate
prefare —> preface
preparatons —> preparations
prescibed —> prescribed
prevous —> previous
prinicple —> principle
procedues —> procedures
profesion —> profession
proper ties —> properties
proponderant —> preponderant
Protier —> Portier
Protogen —> Proteogen
puporting —> purporting
pyrogenic —> pyogenic
qestions —> questions
quantiatively —> quantitatively
Querry —> Query
Quine —> Quinine
radicle —> radical
Rathjen —> Rahtjen
recomendation —> recommendation
recommmend —> recommend
recommmended —> recommended
refree —> referee
rememebered —> remembered
Reparts —> Reports
ressistance —> resistance
restrospect —> retrospect
reults —> results
Rhatjen —> Rahtjen
saccarine —> saccharine
same —> some
santorium —> sanatorium
scientfic —> scientific
seleninum —> selenium
seleno-vanadium —> selenio-vanadium
series —> serious
Shering —> Schering
simiplicity —> simplicity
specifially —> specifically
Staphylococus —> Staphylococcus
submited —> submitted
submittted —> submitted
substaneous —> subcutaneous
supernatent —> supernatant
suport —> support
syphilus —> syphilis
Syracue —> Syracuse
teasponful —> teaspoonful
tehnic —> technic
tetraoidid —> tetraiodid
that —> than
thearapeutic —> therapeutic
thiomethylarsniate —> thiomethylarsinate
Thyroidectin —> Thyroidectin
tisssues —> tissues
tisues —> tissues
to —> too
travenous —> intravenous
treament —> treatment
tremely —> extremely
troat —> throat
tubercuclosis —> tuberculosis
unbeliveable —> unbelievable
vasty —> vastly
vially —> vitally
Wulflng —> Wulfing
240:2'1, 1887. —> 240:291, 1887.

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