CONTENTS

PARTI
THE DESERT AND ITSPEOPLE
PAGE
Preface[vii]
CHAPTER I
THE SUDAN COAST
Approach by sea through coral reefs — Themaritime plain and the mountains beyond — Desert flowers — Summercalm on the pearling grounds — Sandstorm — Winter rain — Goldendesert and turquoise sea — Coral gardens — Port Sudan — Suakin[1]
CHAPTER II
THE PEOPLE, SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUSCONDITIONS
The three nationalities — The negroes —Escapes from slavery, Mabrûk’s adventure — Introduction to aHamitic native — Dress and arms — Women — Sexual morality, duels —Government under Shêkhs — Tribal fights — Fraternity and Equality,little Liberty — The power of tradition — Mohammedanism[a]15]
CHAPTER III
RELIGIOUS OBSERVANCES ANDSUPERSTITIONS
Religious phraseology — Veneration of Shêkhs— “Old Man Flea” and his legends — The mûled celebration and“dervish dance” — Amulets — Witchcraft — Milking — Evil Eye —Pearls — Cats — Eclipse of the Moon — Medical — British parallels —Honesty[35]
CHAPTER IV
THE DAILY LIFE OF THE PEOPLE
Desert farming — Nomad life — Tents andutensils — Amusements[50]
CHAPTER V
SAILORS, FISHERMEN AND PEARLDIVERS
The sambûk — Arab travel — Pearlfishing — Diving — Fishing nets and spears — Sting rays andsawfish[59]
CHAPTER VI
WOMEN’S LIFE
Social position and influence — Divorce —Ibrahim’s wife, forgiveness and death — Women’s work — Home[73]
PART II
CORALS AND CORALREEFS
CHAPTER VII
CORALS AND CORAL ANIMALS
Importance of corals — Coral polyp and seaanemone — Propagation by cuttings — Colonial polyps — Forms ofcorals — Fungia — Coral gardens — Colours — Place in marine life,and in Evolution[83]
CHAPTERVIII
THE BUILDING OF REEFS
Fate of dead corals — Stony seaweeds — Rateof growth of a reef — Destruction of coral by sponge, mollusca,&c. — Form of a coral reef — Origin by growth of coral —Abrasion of the shore forming reef flat — Origin of the boatchannel — Distinctive features of coral reefs formed by abrasionalone in Zanzibar, Cape Verde Islands, and near Alexandria —Recrystallisation of limestone — Three kinds of reef — The problemof Atolls — Darwin’s Theory — The Funafuti boring — Atolls formedby direct growth[98]
CHAPTER IX
THE MAKING OF THE RED SEA
Climate, alternations of desert and seaconditions — Hot sand-bearing winds — Rainfall — Peculiarities ofthe tide — Canal-like shape of Red Sea — The great Rift Valley —Origin of the “Brothers” and “Daedalus Reef” — “Emerald Island” —The coast and reefs — Maritime plain — Its coral border — Recentnature of internal structure of coral rock — Elevation of coastline— Foundations of the reefs — Previous theories inadmissible —Rawaya peninsula — Three steps on sides of Rift Valley — Successiveelevations — Harbours — Problem of their origin — A naturalpromenade — Coast-wise travel — The Shubuk labyrinth — Summary ofhistory of the Red Sea[118]