A first book in organic evolution

by D. Kerfoot Shute

INDEX.

• Achromatin, [6].
• Acquired Characters, [65], [71], [72], [76].
• Actinozoa, [232].
• Age, of Amphibians, [105].
• Age, of Fishes, [101].
• Age, of Mammals, [111].
• Age, of Man, [114].
• Age, of Molluscs, [98], [100].
• Age, of Reptiles, [110].
• Air-bladder, [236].
• Allantois, [238].
• Altruism, [223], [225].
• Amblypoda, [111].
• Amblystoma, [62], [63].
• America, Central, [141].
• America, South, [83], [145], [146].
• America, North, development of, [85].
• America, Archæan, [85].
• America, Cretaceous, [87].
• America, Tertiary, [88], [89].
• America, tropical, [146], [147], [149].
• Amia, [236], [237].
• Amitosis, [28].
• Ammonites, [100], [108].
• Amnion, [238].
• Amœba proteus, [10], [35], [230].
• Amphibia, [96], [102], [103], [104], [105], [235], [238].
• Amphibia, of snake-like form, [103].
• Amphibia, generalized, [107].
• Amphimixis, [46].
• Amphineura, [234].
• Amphioxus, [235].
• Anaptomorphus, [111].
• Ancon sheep, [49].
• Angiospermæ, [245].
• Animals, backboned, [96], [101], [103], [152].
• Animals, birth rate of, [123].
• Animals, coloration of, [126], [127].
• Animals, death rate of, [123].
• Animals, grass-eating, [137].
• Animals, gregarious, [150].
• Animals, multicellular, [4], [229].
• Animals, multiplication of, [122].
• Animals, snake-eating, [136].
• Animals, segmented, [233], [234].
• Animals, unicellular, [4], [229].
• Animals, unsegmented, [233].
• Annulata, [233].
• Ant-bear, [123].
• Antelope, desert, [127].
• Antitoxines, [15].
• Anthropoid Apes, [243].
• Anthropoid Characters, [185].
• Anthropomorphism, [211].
• Anthropopithecus, [243], [244].
• Anthropoidea, [240], [241].
• Antlers, of deer, [14], [157].
• Ants, [110], [123], [233].
• Anura, [238].
• Apes, anthropoid, [243].
• Arachnida, [233].
• Arcella, [16], [231].
• Archæan land, Canadian, [86].
• Archæan land, Blue Ridge, [86].
• Archæan land, Rocky Mountain, [86].
• Archæopteryx, [108], [238].
• Archegosaurus, [103], [238].
• Arctic regions, [151].
• Argonaut, [98].
• Armadillos, [114].
• Arthropoda, [233].
• Arthropods, [96], [98], [99].
• Artificial Selection, [120], [121], [122].
• Asteroidea, [232].
• Atavism, [51], [52], [191].
• Ateles, [242].
• Attraction-sphere, [27].
• Aves, [234], [238].
• Aye-Ayes, [241].
• Baboons, [243].
• Baby, grasping power of, [192].
• Bach, family of, [40].
• Bacillus diphtheriæ, [16].
• Bacillus, tetanus, [15].
• Bacteria, [14].
• Bacteria, nitrifying, [16].
• Badger, [123].
• Balanoglossus, [233].
• Barriers, geographical, [166], [169].
• Barriers, sexual, [166], [169].
• Bat, [127], [130].
• Bear, polar, [127].
• Beavers, [157].
• Bees, [59], [60], [102], [105], [110], [123], [163], [164].
• Bee-eaters, [127].
• Beetles, [147].
• Belemnites, [108].
• Berg adder, [149].
• Biophors, [6].
• Bipes, [115].
• Blastids, [99].
• Blastoidea, [233].
• Blastula, [32].
• Bird fancier, [120].
• Birds, [96], [105], [107], [109], [144], [146], [147], [148], [152], [159].
• Birds, courtship of, [153], [154].
• Birds, eggs of, [132], [133], [134], [135].
• Birds, excreta of, [142].
• Birds, humming, [152], [157], [159].
• Birds, paradise, [152].
• Birds, reptilian, [108].
• Birds, singing of, [154], [155].
• Birds, snake-eating, [147], [149].
• Boar, wild, [121], [157].
• Body-cells, [45], [64].
• Borneo, [138].
• Bower birds, [155].
• Brachiopoda, [232].
• Brachiopods, [96], [97], [100], [102], [105].
• Brain, [232], [233], [234], [235], [239].
• Brain, development of, [199], [214], [215].
• Brain, fœtal, [203], [204].
• Brain, ideal section of, [203].
• Brain, of fish, [199].
• Brain, of lemur, [201].
• Brain, of man, [203], [206], [211].
• Brain, of marsupial, [200].
• Brain, mind immanent in, [208].
• Brain, of monkeys, [202].
• Brain, psychic phenomena of, [206].
• Brain, of reptile, [199].
• Bryophyta, [244].
• Bryozoa, [232].
• Bull, [157].
• Bullfinch, [154].
• Butterflies, [59], [102], [110], [135], [139], [140], [141], [142], [143], [145], [147], [148], [158], [233].
• Bulldog, [121].
• Caducibranchiata, [178], [237].
• Calamoichthys, [236].
• Callithrix, [242].
• Camel, [127].
• Canaries, [154].
• Carinatæ, [238].
• Carnivora, [239].
• Carus, Dr. Paul, [208].
• Castration, [224].
• Catarrhinæ, [241].
• Caterpillar, [135], [138], [139], [140], [141], [145].
• Cats, forest, [128].
• Cattle, [169].
• Cave bear, [114].
• Cebidæ, [241], [242].
• Cebus, [242].
• Cells, [xiii.] [4].
• Cells, body or somatic, [xiv.] [45], [64].
• Cells, chemistry of, [4], [5].
• Cells, daughter, [8].
• Cells, encysted, [5].
• Cells, flagellate, [29].
• Cells, germ, [xiv.] [45], [54], [57], [65], [67], [161].
• Cells, mother, [8].
• Cells, nutrition of, [7].
• Cells, reproduction of, [7], [25].
• Cells, stinging, [231].
• Cells, structure of, [5], [6].
• Centipede, [98], [233].
• Centrosome, [6], [27].
• Cephalopoda, [234].
• Cephalopods, [98], [100].
• Ceratites, [105].
• Ceratodus, [104], [105], [237].
• Cercopithecidæ, [241], [242].
• Cerebellum, [199], [206], [239].
• Cerebrum, [199], [205], [239].
• Cetacea, [239].
• Character, [220], [226].
• Characters, acquired, [65], [68].
• Characters, anthropoid, [185].
• Characters, congenital, [68].
• Characters, non-transmission of acquired, [66], [70].
• Characters, pithecoid, [185].
• Characters, transmission of acquired, [66], [76].
• Chatterers, [152].
• Cheiroptera, [239].
• Cheirotes, [115].
• Chelonia, [238].
• Children, rights of unborn, [224], [225].
• Chimæroids, [106], [236].
• Chimpanzee, [243], [244].
• Chiromys, [241].
• Chitons, [234].
• Choice, [216], [223].
• Chordata, [234].
• Chromosomes, [6], [31].
• Chrysothrix, [242].
• Civilization, [215].
• Classification, [xi.] [xii.]
• Club-foot, [193].
• Clubmosses, [100], [102], [245].
• Cockroaches, [100], [234].
• Codosiga umbellata, [23].
• Cœcilia, [238].
• Cœlenterata, [32], [96], [97], [99], [230], [231], [232].
• Coloration, alluring, [128], [141].
• Coloration, protective, [127], [128], [135].
• Coloration, as recognition marks, [150].
• Coloration, warning, [128], [144].
• Columba livia, [120].
• Comb-bearers, [231].
• Condylarthra, [111].
• Coniferæ, [105], [215].
• Corals, [96], [97], [100], [102].
• Corals, chain, [99], [100].
• Corals, honeycomb, [99], [100].
• Coral, hydroid, [99], [100].
• Coreopsis, [142].
• Cormorants, [134].
• Cosmic Designer, [220].
• Cosmos, Soul of, [210], [211].
• Cows, [121].
• Crabs, [233].
• Creation, [211], [212].
• Creodonta, [111].
• Criminals, [223], [224].
• Crinoidea, [96], [97], [99], [100], [232].
• Crocodilia, [157], [238].
• Crossopterygii, [101], [103], [105], [106], [109], [110], [236].
• Cross-sterility, [167], [168], [169].
• Crustacea, [102], [103], [233].
• Cryptogams, [97], [244].
• Ctenophora, [231].
• Cuttlefish, [98], [234].
• Cycadaceæ, [100], [102], [105], [245].
• Cynocephalus, [243].
• Cypresses, [100], [102], [245].
• Cystids, [96], [97], [99].
• Cystoidea, [232].
• Cytoplasm, [4].
• Daisy, ox-eyed, [142].
• Deer, fallow, [169].
• Deer, forest, [128], [129].
• Design, [212].
• Designer, [212].
• Desmids, [12].
• Diatoms, [12], [18].
• Dicotyledones, [245].
• Didelphia, [239].
• Difflugia, [17], [230].
• Dinosauria, [107], [109], [238].
• Dipnoi, [101], [103], [106], [236], [237].
• Disuse, [60], [63], [64], [216].
• Dogs, [146].
• Dragon flies, [100].
• Dragons, flying, [107].
• Dromatherium, [106].
• Ducks, [134], [157].
• Echinodermata, [96], [97], [99], [102], [231], [232].
• Echinoidea, [232].
• Ectoderm, [32], [230], [231].
• Ectoplasm, [11].
• Edentata, [239].
• Elaps, [146], [149].
• Elasmobranchii, [101], [103], [236].
• Elephant, [112], [160].
• Elimination, [125].
• Elimination, climatic, [125].
• Elimination, by enemies, [126].
• Elimination, physical, [125].
• Elimination, through competition, [126].
• Elms, [216].
• Embryo, coral, [123].
• Embryo, instability of, [167].
• Embryology, [33].
• Endoderm, [32], [230], [231].
• Endoplasm, [11].
• Enteron, [231].
• Enteropneusta, [233].
• Environment, [54], [55], [64], [72], [73], [74], [75], [76], [77], [90], [127], [223].
• Environment, complexity of, [90].
• Environment and coloration, [126], [127].
• Environment, unstable, [81].
• Eohippus, [113].
• Epencephalon, [199].
• Epiblast, [32].
• Epoch, Champlain, [85], [89].
• Epoch, Eocene, [85].
• Epoch, Glacial, [85], [89].
• Epoch, Miocene, [85].
• Epoch, Pliocene, [85].
• Epoch, Terrace, [85], [89].
• Equatorial-plate, [27].
• Equus, [113].
• Era, Archæan, [85], [94].
• Era, Cenozoic, [85].
• Era, Mesozoic, [85], [110].
• Era, Palæozoic, [85], [86].
• Era, Psychozoic, [85], [114].
• Erythrolamprus, [149].
• Eucalyptus, [132].
• Evolution, [108].
• Evolution, factors of, [xiii.]
• Evolution, definition of, [xiii.]
• Evolution, psychic, [215].
• Evolution, social, [215], [225].
• Evolution, goal of, [226].
• Falcon, [127].
• Fantail, [120].
• Ferns, [100], [102], [244].
• Fertilization, [29], [42].
• Fertilization, cross, [162].
• Fertilization, by humming birds, [161].
• Fertilization, by insects, [161].
• Fertilization, by the wind, [161].
• Fertilization, of flowers, [161].
• Fertilization, of frog’s eggs, [173].
• Fertilization, of ovum, [29].
• Fetichism, [209].
• Finches, [157].
• Fishes, [96], [101], [103], [104], [106], [109], [127], [152].
• Fishes, Age of, [101].
• Fishes, generalized, [102].
• Fishes, with Amphibian characters, [101].
• Flagellum, [19], [29].
• Flies, [142].
• Flower, simile of the, [213].
• Flowers, [105], [144].
• Flowers, conspicuous, [162].
• Flowers, female, [161].
• Flowers, fertilization of, [151].
• Flowers, male, [160], [161].
• Flowers, parts of, [160].
• Flowers, primitive, [161].
• Food, [58], [61].
• Foraminifera, [12], [97], [102], [230].
• Forest of Dean, [169].
• Fossils, [94].
• Friar Birds, [148].
• Frog, development of, [173], [177].
• Frogs, [135], [136], [137], [138], [146], [238].
• Fuegians, [187].
• Fungi, [244].
• Game-cock, [157], [159].
• Ganglia, [232], [233].
• Ganoidei, [101], [103], [105], [106], [107], [109], [110], [237].
• Garpikes, [105], [237].
• Gasteropoda, [234].
• Gastrula, [32].
• Gastrulation, [32].
• Gemmæ, [6].
• Gemmules, [6].
• Generations, alternations of, [231].
• Geometer Moth, caterpillar of, [140].
• Gephyrea, [2], [3].
• Germ-cells, [45], [54], [57], [161].
• Germ-cells, continuity of, [67], [70], [71].
• Germ-cells, insulated, [65], [68], [70].
• Gibbons, [243], [244].
• Giraffe, [129], [130].
• Globigerina, [13], [23].
• Goat-sucker, [134].
• Goniatites, [100], [102], [105].
• Gorillas, [243], [244].
• Graptolites, [96], [97], [99].
• Grasses, [245].
• Gregarina, [230].
• Gregarinida, [230].
• Gromia oviformis, [20].
• Grouse, [159].
• Gymnophiona, [238].
• Gymnospermæ, [244].
• Habitat, [54], [60].
• Hair, [194].
• Hapale, [242].
• Hapalidæ, [241], [242].
• Hares, [157], [160].
• Hare, Polar, [127].
• Hawk, [132].
• Hearing, [195].
• Heliconidæ, [145], [147], [148].
• Hereditary Mass, [41], [43], [44], [46], [51].
• Hereditary Mass, reduction of, [46].
• Hereditary Threads, [31], [41].
• Hereditary Units, ancestral, [43], [45].
• Hereditary Units, maternal, [42].
• Hereditary Units, paternal, [42].
• Heredity, [xiii.] [39], [53], [54], [72], [73], [74], [75], [76].
• Heredity, examples of, [40].
• Heritages, atavistic, [49].
• Heritages, augmentation of, [47].
• Heritages, blending of, [47].
• Heritages, latent, [49].
• Heritages, mutually exclusive, [47].
• Heritages, prepotency of, [47].
• Heritages, struggle of, [48].
• Heritages, totality of, [75].
• Herons, [134].
• Hesperornis, [238].
• Hippopotamus, [111].
• Hog, [111].
• Holocephali, [236].
• Holothuroidea, [232].
• Hominidæ, [242], [243].
• Homo delinquens, [52].
• Homo sapiens, [52].
• Honey-suckers, [148].
• Horse, [112], [121], [122].
• Horse, feet of, [113].
• Horse, swiftness of, [122].
• Horsetails, [100], [102], [244].
• Hyaloplasm, [5].
• Hydra, [231].
• Hydroids, [231].
• Hydrozoa, [231].
• Hylobatinæ, [244].
• Hylobates, [243], [244].
• Hypoblast, [32].
• Hyracoidea, [239].
• Ichthyornis, [238].
• Ichthyosauria, [107], [238].
• Idioblasts, [6].
• India, [141].
• Infancy, [217], [218].
• Infant, grasping power of, [192].
• Infection, congenital bacterial, [53].
• Infection, prenatal, [54].
• Infusoria, [42], [230].
• Insecta, [233].
• Insectivora, [107], [239].
• Insects, [100], [102], [110], [135], [137], [141], [143], [144], [147], [161], [162], [163], [164], [165].
• Insect selection, [160], [164].
• Invertebrates, [96], [234].
• Irish elk, [114].
• Isolation, geographical, [166].
• Isolation, sexual, [166].
• Java, [140], [142].
• Jukes, the, [41].
• Kaffir Boom, [130].
• Kallima, [139], [140].
• Kerivoula picta, [130].
• Labyrinthodonts, [103], [104].
• Lacertilia, [238].
• Lagena, [13], [23].
• Lamellibranchiata, [234].
• Lampreys, [101].
• Lampshells, [96], [232].
• Lancelet, [235].
• Larva, of Georgia butterfly, [138].
• Law of battle, [158], [159].
• Leaf-hoppers, [141].
• Leaf insects, [140].
• Leaf thrushes, [127].
• Leeches, [233].
• Lemuroidea, [111], [240].
• Lepidosiren, [237].
• Lepidosteus, [236].
• Leptocardii, [234], [235].
• Lichens, [244].
• Life-forms, transmutations of, [93].
• Life-forms, typical animal, [95].
• Limestone, [13].
• Lions, [127], [160].
• Lislet-Geoffrey, [48].
• Liverworts, [244].
• Lizards, [144], [146], [158].
• Locusts, palatable, [146].
• Locusts, unpalatable, [146].
• Longicornia, [147].
• Lung-fishes, [103], [104], [237].
• Macacus, [243].
• Macaques, [243].
• Magnolias, [111].
• Malay Archipelago, [148].
• Mammalia, [23], [240].
• Mammals, [96], [107], [109], [111], [113], [144], [152], [160].
• Mammals, Age of, [111].
• Mammals, land, [165].
• Mammals, placental, [239].
• Mammals, reptilian, [106], [107], [111].
• Mammals, snake-eating, [147], [149].
• Man, [146], [216].
• Man, age of, [114].
• Man, ancestors of, [185], [186].
• Man, brutish instincts of, [219].
• Man, evolution of, [180], [188].
• Man, imperfect adaptations of, [190].
• Man, primitive, [187].
• Man, quaternary, [114].
• Mantis, [141].
• Marmosets, [242].
• Marsipobranchii, [234], [235].
• Marsupials, [106], [107], [239].
• Mastodon, [114].
• Maturation, of ovum, [46].
• Medulla, [199].
• Mesencephalon, [199].
• Mesenchyme, [231], [232].
• Mesoblast, [32].
• Mesoglœa, [230].
• Mesoshippus, [113].
• Metaphyta, [244].
• Metaplasm, [4], [5].
• Metazoa, [229], [230].
• Metencephalon, [199].
• Mice, [127].
• Microgromia socialis, [22].
• Microlestes, [106].
• Midas, [242].
• Mimicry, [128], [147].
• Mind, [216].
• Miohippus, [113].
• Misumena vatia, [142].
• Mitosis, [7], [25].
• Moles, [127], [157].
• Mollusca, [96], [98], [99], [100], [232], [233].
• Monera, [230].
• Monism, [208].
• Monkeys, Capuchin, [242].
• Monkeys, howling, [242].
• Monkeys, New World, [241].
• Monkeys, Old World, [241].
• Monkeys, primitive, [111].
• Monkeys, spider, [242].
• Monkeys, squirrel, [242].
• Monocotyledones, [245].
• Monodelphia, [233].
• Monotheism, [210].
• Monotremes, [106], [107], [239].
• Morula, [31].
• Mosses, [244].
• Moths, [59], [61], [102].
• Mountains, Appalachian, [87].
• Mountains, Coast Range, [89].
• Mountains, Colorado, [88].
• Mountains, Wahsatch, [88].
• Multituberculata, [111].
• Musk sheep, [151].
• Mycetes, [242].
• Myriapoda, [233].
• Natural Selection, [119], [120], [124], [131], [132], [134], [137], [138], [141], [143], [147], [149], [152], [153], [158], [160], [162], [165], [225].
• Nautiloids, [98].
• Nautilus, [98].
• Nemathelminthes, [232].
• Nemertina, [233].
• Newfoundland, [121].
• Nicaragua, [146].
• Noctiluca, [18], [230].
• North America, development of, [85].
• Notochord, [234], [235].
• Nucleus, [6], [41], [44], [51].
• Nucleus, as formative center, [8].
• Nucleus, hermaphroditic, [43].
• Nucleus, reduction of, [46].
• Oaks, [245].
• Odontornithes, [238].
• Olfactory lobes, [199].
• Optic lobes, [199].
• Ontogeny, [178], [179], [180].
• Onychophora, [233].
• Oösperm, [31], [173].
• Oösperm, segmentation of, [31].
• Operculum, [196].
• Ophidia, [238].
• Opponens Hallucis, [190], [191].
• Orangs, [243], [244].
• Orchis, [141], [163].
• Ornithodelphia, [239].
• Orohippus, [113].
• Orthoceratites, [98], [99], [100].
• Osteoblasts, [13].
• Osteoclasts, [13].
• Ostracoderms, [100], [101].
• Ova, [56].
• Ovum, fertilized, [180].
• Ovum, human, [28], [31].
• Ovum, maturation of, [29], [43], [46].
• Oyster, [234].
• Palms, [245].
• Pandorina morum, [24], [31].
• Pangenesis, [66], [69].
• Pangenesis, modified, [68], [71].
• Pangennæ, [6].
• Paramecium, [230].
• Parrots, [127].
• Parthenogenesis, [42], [59].
• Partridge, [134].
• Paupers, [223].
• Peacocks, [152].
• Pelicans, [134].
• Perception, [207].
• Perennibranchiata, [177], [238].
• Period, Cambrian, [85], [96].
• Period, Carboniferous, [85], [87], [102].
• Period, Cretaceous, [85], [88], [108], [110].
• Period, Devonian, [85], [87], [100].
• Period, Jurassic, [85], [88], [106], [110].
• Period, Ordovician, [96].
• Period, Permian, [104].
• Period, Quaternary, [85], [89], [113].
• Period, Silurian, [85], [87], [96], [98].
• Period, Tertiary, [85], [112].
• Period, Triassic, [85], [105], [110].
• Peripatus, [233].
• Phanerogams, [244].
• Pheasants, [134], [152].
• Phosphorescence, [20].
• Phrynocephalus mystaceus, [141].
• Phylogeny, [178], [179], [180].
• Pig, domesticated, [121].
• Pigeons, Wild Rock, [120].
• Pigeons, fantail, [120].
• Pigeons, fruit-eating, [127].
• Pigeons, pouter, [120].
• Pigeons, tumbler, [120].
• Pigeons, white-headed fruit, [131].
• Pines, [100], [102], [245].
• Pisces, [234], [236].
• Plagiostomi, [236].
• Plants, land, [96], [97], [99], [100].
• Plants, flowering, [100], [110], [244].
• Plants, flowerless, [100], [244].
• Plants, generalized, [102].
• Plants, unicellular, [4].
• Plants, multicellular, [4].
• Plastids, [5].
• Platyhelminthes, [232].
• Platyrrhinæ, [241].
• Pleuracanthus, [103].
• Pliohippus, [113].
• Plovers, [131].
• Polar bodies, [29].
• Polyodon, [237].
• Polyps, [32], [231].
• Polypterus, [236].
• Polytheism, [210].
• Poplars, [245].
• Porifera, [25], [230].
• Pouter, [120].
• Preferential mating, [157], [159], [169].
• Primates, [239].
• Primitive man, [187].
• Primrose, [163].
• Proboscidea, [239].
• Pronucleus, female, [29], [31].
• Pronucleus, male, [29], [31].
• Prosencephalon, [199].
• Protective Imitation of Particular Objects, [138].
• Protective Resemblance, [128].
• Proteus, [237].
• Protohippus, [113].
• Protophyta, [244].
• Protoplasm, [4], [5], [33], [44].
• Protopterus, [237].
• Protozoa, [229], [230].
• Protozoa, flagellate, [24], [25].
• Protozoa, colonial, [22], [25].
• Pseudo-heredity, [53].
• Pseudopodia, [12].
• Psychic phenomena, [207].
• Ptarmigan, [131].
• Pteridophyta, [244].
• Pterosauria, [107], [109], [238].
• Ptilopus cinctus, [131].
• Quadrula, [17], [230].
• Recognition Marks, [150].
• Reducing process, [46].
• Redwood, [111].
• Regeneration of lost parts, [50].
• Reptiles, [96], [104], [106], [107], [109], [110], [152], [157], [235], [238].
• Reptiles, Age of, [110].
• Reptiles, generalized, [104], [107].
• Reptiles, land, [107].
• Reptiles, sea, [107].
• Reptiles, extinction of, [125].
• Reptiles, of bat-like form, [107].
• Reptiles, of lizard-like form, [104].
• Rabbit, [151].
• Radiolaria, [97].
• Ratitæ, [238].
• Raven, [132].
• Rays, [106], [236].
• Recognition Marks, [128], [150], [169].
• Religion, [221], [222].
• Rhinencephalon, [199].
• Rhinoceros, [112].
• Rhizopoda, [230].
• Ribs, [194].
• Rocks, table of stratified, [95].
• Rodentia, [239].
• Rotalia, [13], [23].
• Rotatoria, [232].
• Rotifer, [232].
• Ruminants, [111], [137].
• Rupture, [190].
• Saitis pulex, [156].
• Salamanders, [103], [147].
• Salamandra, [237].
• Salmons, [157], [158], [237].
• Saururæ, [238].
• Scaphopoda, [234].
• Scorpions, [99], [233].
• Sea, Cretaceous, [68].
• Sea, Palæozoic, [86].
• Sea-anemones, [231].
• Sea-cucumbers, [232].
• Seals, [160].
• Seaweeds, [96], [97], [244].
• Sea-urchins, [97], [99], [232].
• Selfishness, [216].
• Selection, artificial, [120], [121].
• Selection, insect, [160], [164].
• Selection, natural, [119], [120], [122], [124], [131], [132], [134], [137], [138], [141], [143], [147], [149], [152], [153], [158], [160], [162], [165], [225].
• Selection, physiological, [169].
• Selection, rational, [214].
• Selection, sexual, [152], [153], [154], [157], [158], [164].
• Sharks, [106], [107], [109], [235].
• Sharks, primitive, [100].
• Sheep, [121].
• Sheep, heath, [169].
• Sheep, merino, [169].
• Shrimps, [103], [233].
• Simia, [243], [244].
• Simiidæ, [242], [243], [244].
• Simiinæ, [244].
• Sinus venosus, [236].
• Siredon, [62], [63].
• Siren, [237].
• Sirenia, [239].
• Skye-terrier, [121].
• Sloths, [114].
• Snail, [234].
• Snakes, [135], [136], [137], [138], [147], [148], [149].
• Snipe, [131].
• Social evolution, goal of, [220].
• Soil, [69].
• Somatic-cells, [45].
• Spermatozoid, [29], [43], [56].
• Sphinx fuciformis, [138].
• Spider, [141], [142], [143], [146], [158], [233].
• Spider, love-dance of, [156].
• Spindle, [27].
• Sponges, [25], [96], [97], [99], [230].
• Spongioplasm, [5].
• Sports, [48], [49], [53].
• Spring-bok, [151].
• Spruces, [245].
• Squids, [98], [234].
• Squirrels, [157].
• Stag, [157].
• Star-fishes, [96], [97], [99], [232].
• Stegocephala, [103], [104], [106], [238].
• Sticklebacks, [157], [158].
• Stone-lily, [232].
• Storks, [134].
• Struggle for Existence, [124].
• Sturgeon, [237].
• Stylonychia, [10], [230].
• Sumatra, [140].
• Sunbirds, [130], [131].
• Survival of the Fittest, [120], [122], [138], [143].
• Symmetry, bilateral, [231], [232], [233].
• Symmetry, radial, [231].
• Sympathy, [216].
• Tadpoles, [58], [59], [174], [175].
• Tail, [195].
• Tanagers, [152].
• Tapir, [112].
• Tarsius, [241].
• Tee Tees, [242].
• Teleostomi, [236].
• Teleosts, [101], [106], [109], [110], [237].
• Temperature, [54], [61].
• Tetrao cupido, [159].
• Thalamencephalon, [199].
• Thalami, [199].
• Thallophyta, [244].
• Theromorpha, [104], [105], [106], [238].
• Thomisus citreus, [141].
• Threads, chromatin, [6].
• Threads, hereditary, [31], [41].
• Threads, nuclear, [6].
• Tiger, protective coloration of, [128], [129].
• Tiger, saber-toothed, [114].
• Timor, island of, [132].
• Toad, [238].
• Tortoises, [157].
• Toxalbumin, [16].
• Toxines, [15].
• Tree of Life, [182], [183], [184].
• Trilobites, [96], [97], [98], [99], [100], [103], [233].
• Triton, [175], [237].
• Tumbler, [120].
• Tunicata, [234].
• Turtledoves, [154].
• Ungulata, [239].
• Ungulates, even-toed, [111].
• Ungulates, odd-toed, [111].
• Units, hereditary, [41], [42], [43], [45].
• Units, invisible, [7].
• Units, morphological, [4].
• Units, physiological, [6], [8].
• Units, structural, [4].
• Units, visible, [7].
• Urodela, [237].
• Use, [60], [63], [64], [216].
• Uterus, displacements of, [190].
• Vacuole, [5].
• Variations, [39], [46], [54], [120], [143], [167], [168].
• Variations, blastogenetic, [54], [55], [56].
• Variations, examples of, [39].
• Variations, harmful, [168].
• Variations, neutral, [168].
• Variations, somatogenetic, [54], [55], [60].
• Variations, through amphimixis, [46], [166].
• Variations, useful, [168].
• Varieties, commencing species, [168].
• Varieties, isolation of, [166].
• Velvet, [14].
• Vena cava, [236], [237].
• Ventricles, [233], [236], [237].
• Vermes, [232].
• Vermiform appendix, [194].
• Vertebrata, [100], [105], [108], [234].
• Vestigial structures, [198].
• Volvox globator, [24], [32].
• Waders, [157].
• Wasp, [146], [147].
• Weevils, [147].
• Whales, [107], [124], [165].
• White blood-corpuscles, [15].
• Will, [207], [223].
• Woodcock, [131].
• Woodpecker, [155], [157].
• Worms, [232].
• Worms, earth, [233].
• Worms, flat, [232].
• Worms, round, [232].
• Worms, sea or marine, [96], [233].
• Worms, star, [233].
• Worms, unsegmented, [232].
• Zebra, [129].

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