FOOTNOTES
[Footnote 1]: Hours in a Library.
[Footnote 2]: Wilson’s Memoirs of Defoe, London, 1830, III., p. 429.
[Footnote 3]: Defoe mentions the letter in his Review for August 11th, 1705.
[Footnote 4]: I was not called Colonel Jacque as at London, but Colonel, and they did not know me by any other name.
[Footnote 5]: He did not now talk quite so blindly and childishly as when he was a boy, and when the custom-house gentleman talked to him about his names.
[Footnote 6]: Here he showed him the horsewhip that was given him with his new office.
[Footnote 7]: So the negroes call the owner of the plantation, or at least so they called him, because he was a great man in the country, having three or four large plantations.
[Footnote 8]: To be drunk in a negro is to be mad; for when they get rum they are worse than raving, and fit to do any manner of mischief.
[Footnote 9]: He understood the plot, and took the opportunity to tell him that, to see what he would say.
[Footnote 10]: He understood him; he meant he would beg your honour for me, that I might not be hanged for offending you.
[Footnote 11]: This old proverb was quoted by Robert Burton in his “Anatomy of Melancholy” (1621), “Where God hath a temple the Devil hath a chapel” (Part III. sc. iv. subs. 1). It was also No. 670 in George Herbert’s “Jacula Prudentium,” first published in 1640, where it ran, “No sooner is a temple built to God but the Devil builds a chapel hard by.” Defoe was the first rhymer of the proverb, and the rider to it is his own.
[Footnote 12]: William the Conqueror. [D.F.]
[Footnote 13]: Or archer. [D.F.]
[Footnote 14]: Dr. Sherlock, de facto. [D.F.]
[Footnote 15]: K. J. I. [D.F.]
[Footnote 16]: K. C. II. [D.F.]
[Footnote 17]: Lady Castlemaine, of the Italian-French family of Villars, was first known to Charles II. as Mrs. Palmer. Afterwards her husband was made Earl of Castlemaine, and in 1668 she was made Duchess of Cleveland. Of the cost of this woman Andrew Marvell wrote:—“They have signed and sealed ten thousand pounds a year more to the Duchess of Cleveland; who has likewise near ten thousand pounds a year out of the new farm of the country excise of beer and ale; five thousand pounds a year out of the Post Office; and, they say, the reversion of all the King’s leases, the reversion of all places in the Custom House, the green-wax, and, indeed, what not? All promotions, spiritual and temporal, pass under her cognisance,” &c. Charles II. had by her five children.
[Footnote 18]: Louise Renée de Puencovet de Queroualle came over to Dover as a maid of honour, and was created Duchess of Portsmouth in August 1673. She cost as much as Lady Castlemaine. Her son, Charles Lennox, was made Duke of Richmond. The Duchess of Portsmouth was living when this satire appeared. She died in 1734.
[Footnote 19]: Frederick de Schomberg, an old favourite of King William’s, was made Duke of Schomberg on the 10th of April 1689. Another friend of the King’s, William Bentinck, was created Earl of Portland on the 9th of April 1689. His son and heir was raised to a dukedom in 1716.
[Footnote 20]: The drunkard’s name for Canary. [D.F.]
[Footnote 21]: “Mobile,” applied to the movable, unstable populace, was first abridged to “mob” in Charles the Second’s time.
[Footnote 22]: The Devil.—[D.F.]
[Footnote 23]: Dating from 1688-89, the Revolution and accession of King William III.
[Footnote 24]: Charles I., James II., William III.
[Footnote 25]: On the 16th of July, 1604, the Puritan clergy within the Church were required to conform on or before the 30th of November on pain of expulsion. On the 4th of December Whitgift’s successor, Richard Bancroft, was consecrated Archbishop of Canterbury. He strictly carried out this order, and declared every man, cleric or lay, to be excommunicated who questioned the complete accordance of the Prayer Book with the Word of God. On the 6th of September, 1620, the Mayflower left England with the first freight of English families that sought freedom of worship where they came to be the founders of a New England across the sea.
[Footnote 26]: Charles II. unconstitutionally suspended the penal laws against nonconformists and recusants in 1679.
[Footnote 27]: The story of the Rye House Plot was used for bringing Algernon Sidney and Lord William Russell to the scaffold.
[Footnote 28]: James II. unconstitutionally suspended the penal laws against nonconformists and recusants by Declarations of Indulgence in 1686 and 1688.
[Footnote 29]: The oath taken by Tories against the legal right of the Pretender to the crown was said to reserve the question of his divine right of succession. Divine right was unchangeable, but laws were liable to change—and so far as they go, what to-day is treason may be loyalty to-morrow.
[Footnote 30]: The Revocation of the Edict of Nantes was signed on the 17th of October 1685. All Protestant churches were to be demolished, and their ministers who would not be converted were to leave France within a fortnight. Fugitive reformers who did not return within four months would have their property confiscated. Lay Reformers were forbidden to leave France, on pain of the galleys for men and confiscation of body and goods for women. Those who remained were exposed to cruelties of the soldiery. The King thought that his way of conversion by dragoons had reduced a million and a half of French heretics to twelve or fifteen thousand; but between the Revocation and the time when Defoe wrote this pamphlet, it has been estimated that 250,000 French Protestants left France to establish homes in England and elsewhere.
[Footnote 31]: John Howe, in his answer to Defoe’s request for a statement of opinion from him on Occasional Conformity.