8 and 9 Vict., c. 100 (1845).
The following are the clauses of the Act which provide for the expense of carrying out its provisions.
By this statute it was enacted, after repealing 2 and 3 Will. IV., c. 107; 3 and 4 Will. IV., c. 64; 5 and 6 Will. IV., c. 22; 1 and 2 Vict., c. 73; 3 Vict., c. 4; 5 and 6 Vict., c. 87, that the Commissioners in Lunacy under 5 and 6 Vict., c. 84, should be henceforth called "the Masters in Lunacy," and that new Commissioners in Lunacy should be appointed. The Commissioners were to grant licences for the reception of lunatics within a certain jurisdiction of the metropolis; justices of the peace in general or quarter sessions licensing houses for the reception of lunatics and appointing Visitors in all other parts of England and Wales, including a medical man. For every licence granted a sum to be paid of ten shillings for every private patient and two shillings and sixpence for every pauper, or so much more as shall make up the sum of fifteen pounds, these moneys being applied towards the payment of the expenses of the Commissioners or any charge incurred by their authority. The secretary of the Commissioners to make out an annual account of moneys received and paid by him in the execution of the Act, to be laid before the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury, the balance (if any) to be paid into the Exchequer to the account of the Consolidated Fund, such accounts being laid before Parliament every year, the Treasury being empowered to pay out of the Consolidated Fund any balance of payments over receipts which may be necessary. With regard to the application of moneys received by the clerk of the peace for provincial licences, they were to be applied towards the payment of the clerk to the Visitors for the county, and the remuneration of the medical Visitors, and other expenses incurred in the execution of the Act, the accounts being laid before the justices at the general or quarter sessions, who shall direct the balance (if any) to be paid into the hands of the treasurer of the county or borough in aid of the rate; any balance of payment over receipts being paid out of the county or borough funds.
There was paid into the Exchequer in the year ending March 31, 1880, £1376 for licences in the metropolitan district, besides £18 stamps. Lunacy Board expenses, £15,064.
I have not any accurate returns of the amounts received from the provincial houses, but on a rough estimate these licences produce to the counties in the aggregate £1452, and £30 to the Imperial Exchequer, per annum.
In the following year, August 26, 1846, an Act was passed "to amend the Law concerning Lunatic Asylums and the Care of Pauper Lunatics in England," and was to be construed with 8 and 9 Vict., c. 126. There were only twelve sections. It was passed to clear up doubts which had been entertained as to the meaning of certain clauses in the above Act. It was repealed by 16 and 17 Vict., c. 97.
APPENDIX F.
([Page 190.])
After the legislation of 1853, the Acts referred to at [p. 190] and [p. 188] constituted, with 8 and 9 Vict., c. 100, and 15 and 16 Vict., c. 48, and the Acts relative to criminal lunatics, the then code of Lunacy Law.
Lord St. Leonards' first Act, [p. 188] (16 and 17 Vict., c. 70), enacts that when the Commissioners shall report to the Lord Chancellor that they are of opinion that the property of any lunatic, not so found by inquisition, is not duly protected, or the income thereof not duly applied for his benefit, such report shall be deemed tantamount to any order or petition for inquiry supported by evidence, and the case shall proceed as nearly as may be in all respects as therein directed upon the presentation of a petition for inquiry.
The next Act (16 and 17 Vict., c. 96) prescribes amended forms of orders and certificates, notices of admission, and of the medical visitation book.
The requirements on the part of the medical man signing the certificate are laid down.
Empowers proprietors or superintendents of licensed houses (with consent of Commissioners) to entertain as a boarder any patient desiring to remain after his discharge, or any relation or friend of a patient.
Authorizes amendment of any order or certificate within fourteen days after admission of patient.
Permits the Commissioners to allow medical visitation of single patients less frequently than once a fortnight.
Empowers one or more Visitors to visit single patients at request of Commissioners, and report to them their condition.
Directs that the medical man who visits a single patient shall make an annual report to the Commissioners of the mental and bodily health of such patient.
Empowers the Lord Chancellor to discharge single patients.
Directs that notice of the recovery of every patient shall be sent to his friends, or in case of a pauper to his parish officers, and in case of death of a patient in any hospital or licensed house, a statement of the cause, etc., to the coroner.
Authorizes transfer of a private patient (with consent of two Commissioners) from one asylum, hospital, or licensed house to another, without any fresh order or certificate, and similarly as to single patients.
Empowers the Lord Chancellor, on the representation of the Commissioners, to require a statement of the property and application of the income of any person detained as a lunatic under an order and certificates.
Extends to the Commissioners the powers vested in the private committee, as to single patients, by the Act 8 and 9 Vict., c. 100, s. 111.
Repeals s. 27 of 8 and 9 Vict., c. 100, as to the visitation of workhouses; and enacts that one or more Commissioners shall visit such workhouses as the Board shall direct.
Authorizes the Commissioners in urgent cases to employ any competent person to visit any lunatic and to report to them.
Directs committee of every hospital to submit regulations to the Secretary of State for approval, and to send a copy to Commissioners.
Empowers Commissioners, with sanction of the Secretary of State, to make regulations for the government of licensed houses.
Enacts that Bethlem Hospital shall be subject to the provisions of Act 8 and 9 Vict., c. 100.
The third Act (16 and 17 Vict., c. 97) repeals the several Acts then in force respecting county and borough lunatic asylums, and re-enacts most of the provisions therein contained, with certain additions and improvements.
It authorizes justices of boroughs, instead of providing asylums for their own use, or in arranging with counties, etc., to contract with the Visitors of any asylum for the reception of their pauper lunatics, in consideration of certain payments.
The powers of the Visitors were enlarged in many ways.
When a county or borough asylum can accommodate more than its own pauper lunatics, the Visitors are empowered to permit the admission of the pauper lunatics of any other county or borough, or lunatics who are not paupers, but proper objects to be admitted into a public asylum, such non-pauper patients to have the same accommodation, in all respects, as the pauper lunatics.
The Visitors are directed to appoint a medical officer to be superintendent of the asylum.
They are empowered to grant superannuation annuities to the officers and servants.
They are directed to make an annual report to the general or quarter sessions of the state of the asylum.
Every pauper lunatic, not in an asylum, hospital, or licensed house, is to be visited every quarter by the medical officer of the parish or union, who is to make return thereof; and the medical officer is to be paid two shillings and sixpence for every visit.
The forms of orders, statements, and medical certificates are amended, and the medical officers of unions are permitted to sign certificates.
The medical man certifying is required to state his qualification, when and where the patient was examined, and to specify facts indicating insanity; distinguishing facts observed by himself from those communicated to him by others.
Visitors are empowered to order the removal of pauper patients to and from asylums, and also to discharge or permit the absence on trial of any patient. The Commissioners are empowered to direct the removal of any lunatic from any asylum, hospital, or licensed house to any other.
The person signing the order for admission of a private patient into an asylum may discharge such patient, subject, in the case of dangerous lunatics, to the consent of the visiting justices. Any person having authority to discharge a private patient is empowered (with consent of two Commissioners) to transfer him to another asylum or to the care of any person.
Orders and certificates, if defective, may be amended within fourteen days.
Patients escaping may be retaken within fourteen days.
This statute did not re-enact the clause contained in the Act it repealed respecting workhouses.