The kaleidoscope

by David Brewster

CONTENTS.

PAGE
Introduction—History of the Kaleidoscope,		[ 1]
Chap. I.—	Preliminary Principles respecting the Effects
	of combining two Plain Mirrors,	[ 9]
II.—	On the Principles of the Kaleidoscope, and the
	Formation of Symmetrical Pictures by the
	Combination of direct and inverted Images,	[16]
III.—	On the Effects produced by the Motion of
	the Object and the Mirrors,	[26]
IV.—	On the Effects produced upon the Symmetry of
	the Picture by varying the Position of the Eye,	[37]
V.—	On the Effects produced upon the Symmetry of the
	Picture by varying the Position of the Object,	[46]
VI.—	On the Intensity of the Light in
	different parts of the field, and on the Effects
	produced by varying the length and breadth
	of the Reflectors,	[51]
VII.—	On the construction and use of the Simple
	Kaleidoscope,	[59]
VIII.—	On the selection of Objects for the Kaleidoscope,
	and on the mode of constructing the Object-Box,	[67]
IX.—	On the Illumination of Transparent Objects
	in the Kaleidoscope,	[76]
X.—	On the construction and use of the Telescopic
	Kaleidoscope, for viewing Objects at a Distance,	[81]
XI.—	On the construction and use of Polyangular
	Kaleidoscopes, in which the Reflectors can be
	fixed at any Angle,	[88]
	1. Bate’s Polyangular Kaleidoscope with Metallic Reflectors,	[89]
	2. Bate’s Polyangular Kaleidoscope with Glass Reflectors,	[94]
XII.—	On the construction and use of annular and
	parallel Kaleidoscopes,	[98]
	1. Mr. Dollond’s Universal Kaleidoscope,	[100]
	2. Ruthven’s Universal Kaleidoscope,	[102]
XIII.—	On the Construction and Use of Polycentral
	Kaleidoscopes,	[105]
	1. On combinations of four mirrors forming a square,	[107]
	2. On combinations of four mirrors forming a rectangle,	[109]
	3. On combinations of three reflectors at angles of 60°,	[109]
	4. On combinations of three reflectors at angles of 90°, 45°, and 45°,	[111]
	5. On combinations of three reflectors at angles of 90°, 60°, and 30°,	[112]
XIV.—	On Kaleidoscopes in which the Effect is produced
	by Total Reflexion from the interior surfaces
	of Transparent Solids,	[114]
XV.—	On the application of the Kaleidoscope to the Magic
	Lantern, Solar Microscope, and Camera Obscura,	[117]
XVI.—	On the construction of Kaleidoscopes which
	combine the Colours and Forms produced by
	Polarized Light,	[122]
XVII.—	On the construction of Stereoscopic Kaleidoscopes,	[126]
XVIII.—	On the construction of Microscopic Kaleidoscopes,	[128]
XIX.—	On the Changes produced by the Kaleidoscope,	[131]
XX.—	On the application of the Kaleidoscope to the
	Fine and Useful Arts,	[134]
	1. Architectural Ornaments,	[137]
	2. Ornamental Painting,	[141]
	3. Designs for Carpets,	[144]
XXI.—	On the photographic delineation of the
	pictures created by the Kaleidoscope,	[148]
XXII.—	On the Advantages of the Kaleidoscope as an
	Instrument of Amusement,	[154]
XXIII.—	History of the Combinations of Plane Mirrors
	which have been Supposed to Resemble the
	Kaleidoscope,	[162]
	1. Baptista Porta’s multiplying speculum,	[164]
	2. Kircher’s combination of plane mirrors,	[168]
	3. Bradley’s combination of plane mirrors,	[175]
Appendix,		[185]

ON THE KALEIDOSCOPE.