FOOTNOTES:
[1] Since the above was written, the Aurania and the Oregon have resumed their services on the Atlantic, the results in the case of the latter vessel being extraordinarily successful. On Saturday, the 5th April, she arrived at Queenstown, having left New York on Saturday, the 29th March, making the trip in 7 days, 2 hours, 18 minutes, her daily runs being:—45, 407, 396, 400, 302, 410, 384, 412, and 60; total, 2816 knots. Leaving Queenstown on Sunday, the 13th April, she arrived at New York on Saturday, the 19th April, in the unprecedentedly short period of 6 days, 9 hours, 22 minutes.
[2] While these sheets were passing through the press, the America was tried unofficially on the Clyde, and attained a speed of 17 knots, with about 6,500 indicated horse-power. On her passage from the Clyde to the Mersey she maintained, it is stated, 18¼ knots over the whole distance.
[3] This list with those which follow other chapters, have been compiled at considerable trouble in the hope that they may be of use to technical readers in directing them at once to accurate and detailed information. In this connection also, the excellent work by Mr A. S. Seaton, “Manual of Marine Engineering,” and that by Mr W. H. White, “Manual of Naval Architecture,” may be referred to with every satisfaction.
[4] For full and excellent treatment of this subject, see the paper on “Causes of Unseaworthiness in Merchant Steamers,” by Mr Benjamin Martell, Chief Surveyor to Lloyd’s Register, with the ensuing discussion: Trans. Inst., N.A., vol. xxi., 1880.
Several of the causes above named it is doubtless the province of the scientific shipbuilder, and the duty of the shipowner, to obviate by furnishing the captain and officers—especially in the case of entirely new vessels—with particulars and data of the vessel’s technical character, such as are now left to be found out by slow and sometimes bitter experience. Of these it may be sufficient to instance:—Stability, steadiness, trim, carrying capability, and steaming powers. Mr William Denny, of Dumbarton, has recently publicly declared his firm’s intention of supplying such particulars to the vessels built by them. It is to be hoped this worthy example may be extensively followed.
[5] In this, as in other matters dealt with, the full appreciation of which involves careful technical study, readers are referred to the papers enumerated at the end of chapter, as well as to the “Manuals” already referred to in this work.
[6] The principle which underlies the experiment is this:—If any one body forming part of a system of heavy bodies be moved from one position in the system to another, the weight of the body moved multiplied into the distance through which it is moved, is precisely equal to the weight of the whole system of bodies multiplied into the distance through which the common centre of gravity of the whole has moved. If in a ship, therefore, a movable weight of known amount is moved across the deck through a given known distance, the centre of gravity of the ship itself, with all on board, has been moved in a line parallel to that through which the small weight has been transferred, and through a distance inversely proportioned to the weight of the whole ship to the weight moved. If, for instance, a weight of five tons should be moved through a distance of twenty feet, then multiplying this weight into this distance and dividing by the total weight of the ship, the distance through which the ship’s centre of gravity has travelled parallel to the deck is obtained. If, at the same time, an exact measure of the angle through which the ship has been inclined by moving the five tons through the distance named has been taken, and the position of the ship’s metacentre has been obtained, then the elements of a triangle are known—namely, the degrees in each of its angles, and the length of one of the sides—and from these the length of the remaining sides of the triangle is easily deduced. One of these sides will be the distance between the metacentre of the ship and its centre of gravity, and, consequently, the metacentre being known from calculation, the position of the centre of gravity becomes known also.
[7] The classification of strains here given is as contained in White’s “Manual of Naval Architecture.” To this authoritative source readers must turn who wish a full exposition of the several problems go shortly dealt with in these pages.
[8] This will be more fully referred to further on, but it may be stated here that the need for independent calculation is largely obviated, owing to the existence of “co-efficients,” deduced from investigations made by experts. Further, the existence and influence of the Registration Societies are such that the codes of scantling and the structural supervision instituted by them together constitute the only guarantee of structural strength generally desiderated.
[9] Suppose the dimensions of a proposed vessel to be 320 × 36 × 26½ feet, then, according to a method of approximation largely in use, the sum of these dimensions divided by 100 gives what is known as the “cubic number”—(320 × 36 × 26½ ÷ 100) = 3052 cubic number. Suppose that for a vessel already built, similar in type and dimensions, or of similar proportions, to the one proposed, the cubic number, when divided into the ship’s actual weight (i.e., the displacement minus the weight of machinery and the dead-weight carried), gives say ·53, then this figure represents the “co-efficient” of ship’s weight, and applying it in the case supposed gives:—3052 × ·53 = 1620, the weight of hull for proposed vessel. This example illustrates the manner in which the weight of machinery is estimated, and indicates the nature and use of the general term “co-efficient:” frequently employed in this chapter.
[10] One such method, devised and followed by Mr C. Zimmermann in his daily practice as chief draughtsman to the Barrow Shipbuilding Company, and described by him before the Institution of Naval Architects in 1883, gives with very little preliminary calculation, and at once, a close approximation to the correct displacement. Another system, originated and used in practice by Mr Chas. H. Johnson, chief designer to Messrs Wm. Denny & Brothers, consists of an analysis of the lines of vessels of various degrees of fineness and fulness previously built, formulated for daily use in a series of curves of areas, giving, for sections at certain fixed distances from midships—in terms of percentage to the midship area—the particular area specially suited to afford the required displacement; and at the same time to maintain the general form of hull which in actual practice has proved satisfactory with respect to speed. In his later practice, Mr Johnson has found it preferable to use the block form of analysis of Mr A. C. Kirk (considered further on in matters relating to speed), using the three sides of that form as a basis upon which to group the water-lines.
[11] For illustrated descriptions of this and other improved calculating instruments referred to in this chapter, see [Appendix].
[12] This experimental method, it may be explained, has long been practised in connection with ships built for the Royal Navy, and for a considerable number of years it has been systematically followed in some leading merchant shipyards. Messrs A. & J. Inglis, Pointhouse, Glasgow, and Messrs Wm. Denny & Bros., Dumbarton, were amongst the earliest firms to systematically adopt the practice. With the former it has been customary to incline every vessel of distinctive type built by them since 1871, and with the latter the practice has been constantly followed from a date somewhat subsequent. For some years past other firms on the Clyde and elsewhere have adopted the method, the data so accumulated being found an admirable basis from which to estimate the height of the centre of gravity in proposed vessels. Tables giving the results of inclining experiments made on various types of merchant steamships and sailing vessels will be found in “White’s Manual of Naval Architecture,” pages 82-87.
[13] From the first volume (1860) of the Transactions of the Institution of Naval Architects, it is seen that Dr Inman, Samuel Read, and Dr Woolley had each already found different methods of simplifying Atwood’s calculations.
[14] Various other methods of simplifying the calculations based on Atwood’s theorem were subsequently proposed, and one or two different methods also brought forward—notably one in 1876 by the late Mr Charles W. Merrifield, afterwards improved by the late Professor Rankine, and one by Mr J. Macfarlane Gray, of the Board of Trade, described by that gentleman in 1875, but since considerably improved. Most of them were laid before the Institution of Naval Architects in papers which will be found enumerated in the list at end of chapter. While such propositions did not contribute directly to bring the problem of stability to its presently accepted form, they deserve to be remembered as tokens of the great labour and skill which have been expended in founding and developing this branch of scientific naval architecture.
[15] “On Cross-Curves of Stability; their Uses, and a Method of Constructing Them, Obviating the Necessity for the Usual Correction for the Differences of the Wedges of Immersion and Emersion.”
[16] A detailed description of this valuable instrument will be found in [Appendix].
[17] Space forbids any detailed reference to these, but the names of the papers and their respective authors will be found enumerated in the list at end of chapter.
[18] An obvious means of dealing approximately with stability, to which limits of space will not permit more than simple reference, consists in so manipulating the data obtained by calculation for known ships that it may be made available, either in the form of curves or of tables, for determining the stability of proposed vessels. Methods of accomplishing this may of course vary to suit the ideas and convenience of designers. A well-arranged system was brought forward, jointly by Mr F. P. Purvis, head of Messrs W. Denny & Brothers’ scientific staff, and Mr B. Kindermann, one of his assistants, in a paper (see list at end of chapter) read before the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in April last. While the results exhibited in the paper are immediately applicable to ships of one particular form, whatever the length, breadth, depth, or draught may be, this method still requires much development to make it at all universally applicable.
[19] It is the usual practice to assume vessels to be laden with homogeneous cargo of such a density as to fill the holds, and for this condition to estimate the position of centre of gravity to be used in calculation.
[20] See paper by Mr Kirk “On a Method of Analysing the Forms of Ships and Determining the Lengths and Angles of Entrance.”—Trans. Inst. N.A., vol. xii., 1880.
[21] With the view of effecting an economy in time, and to enable the trials at progressive speeds to be carried out while vessels are in a lengthened run out to sea, a method has been proposed by Mr J. H. Biles, naval architect to Messrs J. & G. Thomson, and adopted on board the vessels tried by that firm, and also experimented with on some of the vessels turned out by Messrs W. Denny & Bros., by which the necessity for running with and against the tide on the measured mile is entirely obviated. The principle of the method is to measure the time that a certain part of the length of the ship takes to pass an object thrown from the bows of the vessel well clear of the side. For full particulars, both of the apparatus employed and of the results of actual trials by this method compared with trials made on the measured mile, see paper on “Progressive Speed Trials,” by Mr Biles, in the Transactions: Institution of Naval Architects, vol. xxiii., 1882.
[22] A general outline of the operations conducted in Messrs Denny’s tank will be found in the description of their large works in [Chap. VI]. For a detailed account of the modus operandi in the same establishment, see abstract of a paper delivered in Dumbarton by Mr E. R. Mumford, of Messrs Denny’s Experimental Staff, printed in the Engineer for 15th February and the Steamship for 15th February of the present year.
[23] From experimental data obtained by Mr Froude, this correction can be made with certainty. The reasons for it may be explained as follows:—If an extremely thin short plane is drawn through the water it meets a certain resistance due entirely to surface-friction; that is, supposing the plane to be thin enough to eliminate wave-making and eddy-making. If the length of the plane is doubled while the depth is kept the same, the resistance at the same speed is not, as might at first appear to be the case, doubled accordingly. Owing to the friction of (say) the first half of the plane, the water is made to partake of the motion of the plane, so that the second half of the length, rubbing not against stationary water, but against water partially moving in its own direction, does not experience so much resistance from it. Adding a third equal length, it would have less surface friction than the second, and so on to infinity.
[24] See papers by Mr Mansel, enumerated in list at end of chapter.
[25] For description of apparatus, see Trans. Inst. Mechanical Engineers, 1877.
[26] A body which shortly afterwards joined with a kindred society in forming the “Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland,” hereafter noticed.
[27] Following the methods laid down in the Treatise on Shipbuilding, edited by Prof. Rankine, Mr John Inglis, Pointhouse, instituted calculations in 1873 of the longitudinal strains of two steamers built by his firm, the form of the waves being assumed trochoidal. The result of these calculations—which, under Mr Inglis’ directions, were got out by Mr G. L. Watson, subsequently distinguished as a yacht designer, and then in the employ of Messrs Inglis—appeared in the form of curves of hogging moments in Engineering for 1st May, 1874. Mr Inglis found that entering upon the work of calculation had a very decided effect in giving him clearer ideas of how distribution of weight and buoyancy affected the structure of a vessel.
[28] The substance of this paper is contained in a series of three articles on the Strength and Strains of Ships given in “Naval Science” (vol. i. and ii., 1872-3), a high-class journal ably edited by Sir E. J. Reed, but unfortunately abandoned after the fourth year of publication.
[29] It should be stated that under certain circumstances of lading and support the value assigned by Mr John for the maximum bending moment may be exceeded in merchant vessels, and that in some special classes of ships—particularly light-draught vessels in certain circumstances of lading and support—the sagging moment may prove of most consequence. Instances are indeed on record of light-draught vessels giving way completely under the excessive sagging strain brought upon them at sea.
[30] The Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland was formed in 1865 through the amalgamation of two separate bodies—“The Institution of Engineers in Scotland” and “The Scottish Shipbuilders’ Association.” The former of these was founded in 1857 and the latter in 1860, the same year in which “The Institution of Naval Architects” was established. The membership of the Institution at the present time numbers nearly seven hundred, and comprises honorary members, members, associates, and graduates: the latter being a special section of the Institution, designed to embrace students or apprentices in the profession, and fulfilling a very useful end. The various offices have long been filled by gentlemen more or less actively engaged in the practice of shipbuilding or of engineering on the Clyde, and the proceedings have assumed, on this account alone, a richer practical interest. Scientific subjects have also received their share of attention, and of the members taking the lead in this connection the names of Mr J. G. Lawrie and Mr Robert Mansel are worthy of special mention. Along with Mr Robert Duncan and Mr Lawrance Hill, these gentlemen have, from the foundation of the Institution, taken a specially warm interest in its prosperity, and have contributed not a little thereto by the numerous valuable papers they have brought before its meetings. The secretary of the Institution is Mr W. J. Millar, C.E., himself the author of numerous papers, and the editor of the Transactions.
[31] For interesting and reliable information on this head, as well as on other matters dealt with in this and the preceding chapter, see Sir E. J. Reed’s excellent treatise on “Shipbuilding in Iron and Steel.”
[32] This method of graphically representing tonnage output was applied for the first time by the author to the Clyde district from the figures supplied by the Glasgow Herald for each of the years since 1860, and appeared, with much of the descriptive matter now given, in the issue of that journal for March 4th of the present year.
[33] The following fragmentary returns have, through the kindness of a friend engaged in shipbuilding on the Tyne, been forwarded while those sheets were in the press. They have been gathered from occasional records in the local press, supplemented by personal knowledge, but may only be taken as approximate:—
| Year. | No. of Vessels. | Tons. | Year. | No. of Vessels. | Tons. |
| 1864 | 97 | 49,820 | 1868 | 86 | 45,390 |
| 1865 | 123 | 77,500 | 1869 | — | —— |
| 1866 | 110 | 51,800 | 1870 | 95 | 86,420 |
| 1867 | 81 | 34,080 | 1871 | — | —— |
[34] These instruments, and the others here noticed, are supplied in this country by Mr W. F. Stanley, the noted scientific instrument maker of Great Turnstile, Holborn, London. They are described in his treatise on “Mathematical Drawing Instruments,” from which work, it should be stated, some of the present notes concerning them are derived. A source of accurate information on the theory of planimeter, to which Mr Stanley himself expresses indebtedness, is the paper by Mr —now Sir—F. J. Bramwell, read before the British Association in 1872, and contained in the Association Reports for that year.
[35] The following is a list of the multipliers for converting the planimeter readings to square feet for any required scale:—
| 1/16-in. | scale | = | 256 | 5/16-in. | scale | = | 10·24 | 1-in. | scale | = | 1·00 |
| ⅛-in. | do. | = | 64 | ⅜-in. | do. | = | 7·11 | 1½-in. | do. | = | ·44 |
| 3/16-in. | do. | = | 28·44 | ½-in. | do. | = | 4·00 | 3-in. | do. | = | ·111 |
| ¼-in. | do. | = | 16 | ¾-in. | do. | = | 1·77 |
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Philipp Reis, Inventor of the Telephone: A Biographical Sketch. With Documentary Testimony, Translations of the Original Papers of the Inventor, &c. By Silvanus P. Thompson, B.A., Dr.Sc., Professor of Experimental Physics in University College, Bristol. With illustrations, 8vo, cloth, 7s. 6d.
A Treatise on the Use of Belting for the Transmission of Power. By J. H. Cooper. Second edition, illustrated, 8vo, cloth, 15s.
A Pocket-Book of Useful Formulæ and Memoranda for Civil and Mechanical Engineers. By Guilford L. Molesworth, Mem. Inst. C.E., Consulting Engineer to the Government of India for State Railways. With numerous illustrations, 744 pp. Twenty-first edition, revised and enlarged, 32mo, roan, 6s.
Synopsis of Contents:
Surveying, Levelling, etc.—Strength and Weight of Materials—Earthwork, Brickwork, Masonry, Arches, etc.—Struts, Columns, Beams, and Trusses—Flooring, Roofing, and Roof Trusses—Girders, Bridges, etc.—Railways and Roads—Hydraulic Formulæ—Canals, Sewers, Waterworks, Docks—Irrigation and Breakwaters—Gas, Ventilation, and Warming—Heat, Light, Colour, and Sound—Gravity: Centres, Forces, and Powers—Millwork, Teeth of Wheels, Shafting, etc.—Workshop Recipes—Sundry Machinery—Animal Power—Steam and the Steam Engine—Water-power, Water-wheels, Turbines, etc.—Wind and Windmills—Steam Navigation, Ship Building, Tonnage, etc.—Gunnery, Projectiles, etc.—Weights, Measures, and Money—Trigonometry, Conic Sections, and Curves—Telegraphy—Mensuration—Tables of Areas and Circumference, and Arcs of Circles—Logarithms, Square and Cube Roots, Powers—Reciprocals, etc.—Useful Numbers—Differential and Integral Calculus—Algebraic Signs—Telegraphic Construction and Formulæ.
Spons’ Tables and Memoranda for Engineers; selected and arranged by J. T. Hurst, C.E., Author of ‘Architectural Surveyors’ Handbook,’ ‘Hurst’s Tredgold’s Carpentry,’ etc. Fifth edition, 64mo, roan, gilt edges, 1s.; or in cloth case, 1s. 6d.
This work is printed in a pearl type, and is so small, measuring only 2½ in. by 1¾ in. by ¼ in. thick, that it may be easily carried in the waistcoat pocket.
“It is certainly an extremely rare thing for a reviewer to be called upon to notice a volume measuring but 2½ in. by 1¾ in., yet these dimensions faithfully represent the size of the handy little book before us. The volume—which contains 118 printed pages, besides a few blank pages for memoranda—is, in fact, a true pocket-book, adapted for being carried in the waistcoat pocket, and containing a far greater amount and variety of information than most people would imagine could be compressed into so small a space.... The little volume has been compiled with considerable care and judgment, and we can cordially recommend it to our readers as a useful little pocket companion.”—Engineering.
A Practical Treatise on Natural and Artificial Concrete, its Varieties and Constructive Adaptations. By Henry Reid, Author of the ‘Science and Art of the Manufacture of Portland Cement.’ New Edition, with 59 woodcuts and 5 plates, 8vo, cloth, 15s.
Hydrodynamics: Treatise relative to the Testing of Water-Wheels and Machinery, with various other matters pertaining to Hydrodynamics. By James Emerson. With numerous illustrations, 360 pp. Third edition, crown 8vo, cloth, 4s. 6d.
Electricity as a Motive Power. By Count Th. Du Moncel, Membre de L’Institut de France, and Frank Geraldy, Ingénieur des Ponts et Chaussées. Translated and Edited, with Additions, by C. J. Wharton, Assoc. Soc. Tel. Eng. and Elec. With 113 engravings and diagrams, crown 8vo, cloth, 7s. 6d.
Hints on Architectural Draughtsmanship. By G. W. Tuxford Hallatt. Fcap. 8vo, cloth, 1s. 6d.
Treatise on Valve-Gears, with special consideration of the Link-Motions of Locomotive Engines. By Dr Gustav Zeuner, Professor of Applied Mechanics at the Confederated Polytechnikum of Zurich. Translated from the Fourth German Edition, by Professor J. F. Klein, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pa. Illustrated, 8vo, cloth, 12s. 6d.
The French-Polisher’s Manual. By a French-Polisher; containing Timber Staining, Washing, Matching, Improving, Painting, Imitations, Directions for Staining, Sizing, Embodying, Smoothing, Spirit Varnishing, French-Polishing, Directions for Re-polishing. Third edition, royal 32mo, sewed, 6d.
Hops, their Cultivation, Commerce, and Uses in various Countries. By P. L. Simmonds. Crown 8vo, cloth, 4s. 6d.
A Practical Treatise on the Manufacture and Distribution of Coal Gas. By William Richards. Demy 4to, with numerous wood engravings and 29 plates, cloth, 28s.
Synopsis of Contents:
Introduction—History of Gas Lighting—Chemistry of Gas Manufacture, by Lewis Thompson, Esq., M.R.C.S.—Coal, with Analyses, by J. Paterson, Lewis Thompson, and G. R. Hislop, Esqrs.—Retorts, Iron and Clay—Retort Setting—Hydraulic Main—Condensers—Exhausters—Washers and Scrubbers—Purifiers—Purification—History of Gas Holder—Tanks, Brick and Stone, Composite, Concrete, Cast-iron, Compound Annular Wrought-iron—Specifications—Gas Holders—Station Meter—Governor—Distribution—Mains—Gas Mathematics, or Formulæ for the Distribution of Gas, by Lewis Thompson, Esq.—Services—Consumers’ Meters—Regulators—Burners—Fittings—Photometer—Carburization of Gas—Air Gas and Water Gas—Composition of Coal Gas, by Lewis Thompson, Esq.—Analyses of Gas—Influence of Atmospheric Pressure and Temperature on Gas—Residual Products—Appendix—Description of Retort Settings, Buildings, etc., etc.
Practical Geometry, Perspective, and Engineering Drawing; a Course of Descriptive Geometry adapted to the Requirements of the Engineering Draughtsman, including the determination of cast shadows and Isometric Projection, each chapter being followed by numerous examples; to which are added rules for Shading, Shade-lining, etc., together with practical instructions as to the Lining, Colouring, Printing, and general treatment of Engineering Drawings, with a chapter on drawing Instruments. By George S. Clarke, Capt. R.E. Second edition, with 21 plates. 2 vols., cloth, 10s. 6d.
The Elements of Graphic Statics. By Professor Karl Von Ott, translated from the German by G. S. Clarke, Capt. R.E., Instructor in Mechanical Drawing, Royal Indian Engineering College. With 93 illustrations, crown 8vo, cloth, 5s.
The Principles of Graphic Statics. By George Sydenham Clarke, Capt. Royal Engineers. With 112 illustrations. 4to, cloth, 12s. 6d.
Dynamo-Electric Machinery: A Manual for Students of Electro-technics. By Silvanus P. Thompson, B.A., D.Sc., Professor of Experimental Physics in University College, Bristol, etc., etc. Illustrated, 8vo, cloth, 12s. 6d.
The New Formula for Mean Velocity of Discharge of Rivers and Canals. By W. R. Kutter. Translated from articles in the ‘Cultur-Ingénieur,’ by Lowis D’A. Jackson, Assoc. Inst. C.E. 8vo, cloth, 12s. 6d.
Practical Hydraulics; a Series of Rules and Tables for the use of Engineers, etc., etc. By Thomas Box. Fifth edition, numerous plates, post 8vo, cloth, 5s.
A Practical Treatise on the Construction of Horizontal and Vertical Waterwheels, specially designed for the use of operative mechanics. By William Cullen, Millwright and Engineer. With 11 plates. Second edition, revised and enlarged, small 4to, cloth, 12s. 6d.
Tin: Describing the Chief Methods of Mining, Dressing and Smelting it abroad; with Notes upon Arsenic, Bismuth and Wolfram. By Arthur G. Charleton, Mem. American Inst. of Mining Engineers. With plates, 8vo, cloth, 12s. 6d.
Perspective, Explained and Illustrated. By G. S. Clarke, Capt. R.E. With illustrations, 8vo, cloth, 3s. 6d.
The Essential Elements of Practical Mechanics; based on the Principle of Work, designed for Engineering Students. By Oliver Byrne, formerly Professor of Mathematics, College for Civil Engineers. Third edition, with 148 wood engravings, post 8vo, cloth, 7s. 6d.
Contents:
Chap. 1. How Work is Measured by a Unit, both with and without reference to a Unit of Time—Chap. 2. The Work of Living Agents, the Influence of Friction, and introduces one of the most beautiful Laws of Motion—Chap. 3. The principles expounded in the first and second chapters are applied to the Motion of Bodies—Chap. 4. The Transmission of Work by simple Machines—Chap. 5. Useful Propositions and Rules.
The Practical Millwright and Engineer’s Ready Reckoner; or Tables for finding the diameter and power of cog-wheels, diameter, weight, and power of shafts, diameter and strength of bolts, etc. By Thomas Dixon. Fourth edition, 12mo, cloth, 3s.
Breweries and Maltings: their Arrangement, Construction, Machinery, and Plant. By G. Scamell, F.R.I.B.A. Second edition, revised, enlarged, and partly rewritten. By F. Colyer, M.I.C.E., M.I.M.E. With 20 plates, 8vo, cloth, 18s.
A Practical Treatise on the Manufacture of Starch, Glucose, Starch-Sugar, and Dextrine, based on the German of L. Von Wagner, Professor in the Royal Technical School, Buda Pesth, and other authorities. By Julius Frankel; edited by Robert Hutter, proprietor of the Philadelphia Starch Works. With 58 illustrations, 344 pp., 8vo, cloth, 18s.
A Practical Treatise on Mill-gearing, Wheels, Shafts, Riggers, etc.; for the use of Engineers. By Thomas Box. Third edition, with 11 plates. Crown 8vo, cloth, 7s. 6d.
Mining Machinery: a Descriptive Treatise on the Machinery, Tools, and other Appliances used in Mining. By G. G. André, F.G.S., Assoc. Inst. C.E., Mem. of the Society of Engineers. Royal 4to, uniform with the Author’s Treatise on Coal Mining, containing 182 plates, accurately drawn to scale, with descriptive text, in 2 vols., cloth, 3l. 12s.
Contents:
Machinery for Prospecting, Excavating, Hauling, and Hoisting—Ventilation—Pumping—Treatment of Mineral Products, including Gold and Silver, Copper, Tin, and Lead, Iron, Coal, Sulphur, China Clay, Brick Earth, etc.
Tables for Setting out Curves for Railways, Canals, Roads, etc., varying from a radius of five chains to three miles. By A. Kennedy and R. W. Hackwood. Illustrated, 32mo, cloth, 2s. 6d.
The Science and Art of the Manufacture of Portland Cement, with observations on some of its constructive applications. With 66 illustrations. By Henry Reid, C.E., Author of ‘A Practical Treatise on Concrete,’ etc., etc. 8vo, cloth, 18s.
The Draughtsman’s Handbook of Plan and Map Drawing; including instructions for the preparation of Engineering, Architectural, and Mechanical Drawings. With numerous illustrations in the text, and 33 plates (15 printed in colours). By G. G. André, F.G.S., Assoc. Inst. C.E. 4to, cloth, 9s.
Contents:
The Drawing Office and its Furnishings—Geometrical Problems—Lines, Dots, and their Combinations—Colours, Shading, Lettering, Bordering, and North Points—Scales—Plotting—Civil Engineers’ and Surveyors’ Plans—Map Drawing—Mechanical and Architectural Drawing—Copying and Reducing Trigonometrical Formulæ etc., etc.
The Boiler-maker’s and Iron Ship-builder’s Companion, comprising a series of original and carefully calculated tables, of the utmost utility to persons interested in the iron trades. By James Foden, author of ‘Mechanical Tables,’ etc. Second edition revised, with illustrations, crown 8vo, cloth, 5s.
Rock Blasting: a Practical Treatise on the means employed in Blasting Rocks for Industrial Purposes. By G. G. André, F.G.S., Assoc. Inst. C.E. With 56 illustrations and 12 plates, 8vo, cloth, 10s. 6d.
Painting and Painters’ Manual: a Book of Facts for Painters and those who Use or Deal in Paint Materials. By C. L. Condit and J. Scheller. Illustrated, 8vo, cloth, 10s. 6d.
A Treatise on Ropemaking as practised in public and private Rope-yards, with a Description of the Manufacture, Rules, Tables of Weights, etc., adapted to the Trade, Shipping, Mining, Railways, Builders, etc. By R. Chapman, formerly foreman to Messrs Huddart and Co., Limehouse, and late Master Ropemaker to H.M. Dockyard, Deptford. Second edition, 12mo, cloth, 3s.
Laxton’s Builders’ and Contractors’ Tables; for the use of Engineers, Architects, Surveyors, Builders, Land Agents, and others. Bricklayer, containing 22 tables, with nearly 30,000 calculations. 4to, cloth, 5s.
Laxton’s Builders’ and Contractors’ Tables. Excavator, Earth, Land, Water, and Gas, containing 53 tables, with nearly 24,000 calculations. 4to, cloth, 5s.
Sanitary Engineering: a Guide to the Construction of Works of Sewerage and House Drainage, with Tables for facilitating the calculations of the Engineer. By Baldwin Latham, C.E., M. Inst. C.E., F.G.S., F.M.S., Past-President of the Society of Engineers. Second edition, with numerous plates and woodcuts, 8vo, cloth, 1l. 10s.
Screw Cutting Tables for Engineers and Machinists, giving the values of the different trains of Wheels required to produce Screws of any pitch, calculated by Lord Lindsay, M.P., F.R.S., F.R.A.S., etc. Cloth, oblong, 2s.
Screw Cutting Tables, for the use of Mechanical Engineers, showing the proper arrangement of Wheels for cutting the Threads of Screws of any required pitch, with a Table for making the Universal Gas-pipe Threads and Taps. By W. A. Martin, Engineer. Second edition, oblong, cloth, 1s., or sewed, 6d.
A Treatise on a Practical Method of Designing Slide-Valve Gears by Simple Geometrical Construction, based upon the principles enunciated in Euclid’s Elements, and comprising the various forms of Plain Slide-Valve and Expansion Gearing; together with Stephenson’s, Gooch’s, and Allan’s Link-Motions, as applied either to reversing or to variable expansion combinations. By Edward J. Cowling Welch, Memb. Inst. Mechanical Engineers. Crown 8vo, cloth, 6s.
Cleaning and Scouring: a Manual for Dyers, Laundresses, and for Domestic Use. By S. Christopher. 18mo, sewed, 6d.
A Handbook of House Sanitation; for the use of all persons seeking a Healthy Home. A reprint of those portions of Mr Bailey-Denton’s Lectures on Sanitary Engineering, given before the School of Military Engineering, which related to the “Dwelling,” enlarged and revised by his Son, E. F. Bailey-Denton, C.E., B.A. With 140 illustrations, 8vo, cloth, 8s. 6d.
A Glossary of Terms used in Coal Mining. By William Stukeley Gresley, Assoc. Mem. Inst. C.E., F.G.S., Member of the North of England Institute of Mining Engineers. Illustrated with numerous woodcuts and diagrams, crown 8vo, cloth, 5s.
A Pocket-Book for Boiler Makers and Steam Users, comprising a variety of useful information for Employer and Workman, Government Inspectors, Board of Trade Surveyors, Engineers in charge of Works and Slips, Foremen of Manufactories, and the general Steam-using Public. By Maurice John Sexton. Second edition, royal 32mo, roan, gilt edges, 5s.
The Strains upon Bridge Girders and Roof Trusses, including the Warren, Lattice, Trellis, Bowstring, and other Forms of Girders, the Curved Roof, and Simple and Compound Trusses. By Thos. Cargill, C.E.B.A.T., C.D., Assoc. Inst. C.E., Member of the Society of Engineers. With 64 illustrations, drawn and worked out to scale, 8vo, cloth, 12s. 6d.
A Practical Treatise on the Steam Engine, containing Plans and Arrangements of Details for Fixed Steam Engines, with Essays on the Principles involved in Design and Construction. By Arthur Rigg, Engineer, Member of the Society of Engineers and of the Royal Institution of Great Britain. Demy 4to, copiously illustrated with woodcuts and 96 plates, in one Volume, half-bound morocco, 2l. 2s.; or cheaper edition, cloth, 25s.
This work is not, in any sense, an elementary treatise, or history of the steam engine, but is intended to describe examples of Fixed Steam Engines without entering into the wide domain of locomotive or marine practice. To this end illustrations will be given of the most recent arrangements of Horizontal, Vertical, Beam, Pumping, Winding, Portable, Semi-portable, Corliss, Allen, Compound, and other similar Engines, by the most eminent Firms in Great Britain and America. The laws relating to the action and precautions to be observed in the construction of the various details, such as Cylinders, Pistons, Piston-rods, Connecting-rods, Cross-heads, Motion-blocks, Eccentrics, Simple, Expansion, Balanced, and Equilibrium Slide-valves, and Valve-gearing will be minutely dealt with. In this connection will be found articles upon the Velocity of Reciprocating Parts and the Mode of Applying the Indicator, Heat and Expansion of Steam Governors, and the like. It is the writer’s desire to draw illustrations from every possible source, and give only those rules that present practice deems correct.
Barlow’s Tables of Squares, Cubes, Square Roots, Cube Roots, Reciprocals of all Integer Numbers up to 10,000. Post 8vo, cloth, 6s.
Camus (M.) Treatise on the Teeth of Wheels, demonstrating the best forms which can be given to them for the purposes of Machinery, such as Mill-work and Clock-work, and the art of finding their numbers. Translated from the French, with details of the present practice of Millwrights, Engine Makers, and other Machinists, by Isaac Hawkins. Third edition, with 18 plates, 8vo, cloth, 5s.
A Practical Treatise on the Science of Land and Engineering Surveying, Levelling, Estimating Quantities, etc., with a general description of the several Instruments required for Surveying, Levelling, Plotting, etc. By H. S. Merrett. Third edition, 41 plates with illustrations and tables, royal 8vo, cloth, 12s. 6d.
Principal Contents:
Part 1. Introduction and the Principles of Geometry. Part 2. Land Surveying: comprising General Observations—The Chain—Offsets Surveying by the Chain only—Surveying Hilly Ground—To Survey an Estate or Parish by the Chain only—Surveying with the Theodolite—Mining and Town Surveying—Railroad Surveying—Mapping—Division and Laying out of Land—Observations on Enclosures—Plane Trigonometry. Part 3. Levelling—Simple and Compound Levelling—The Level Book—Parliamentary Plan and Section—Levelling with a Theodolite—Gradients—Wooden Curves—To Lay out a Railway Curve—Setting out Widths. Part 4. Calculating Quantities generally for Estimates—Cuttings and Embankments—Tunnels—Brickwork—Ironwork—Timber Measuring. Part 5. Description and Use of Instruments in Surveying and Plotting—The Improved Dumpy Level—Troughton’s Level—The Prismatic Compass—Proportional Compass—Box Sextant—Vernier—Pantagraph—Merrett’s Improved Quadrant—Improved Computation Scale—The Diagonal Scale—Straight Edge and Sector. Part 6. Logarithms of Numbers—Logarithmic Sines and Co-Sines, Tangents and Co-Tangents—Natural Sines and Co-Sines—Tables for Earthwork, for Setting out Curves, and for various Calculations, etc., etc., etc.
Saws: the History, Development, Action, Classification, and Comparison of Saws of all kinds. By Robert Grimshaw. With 220 illustrations, 4to, cloth, 12s. 6d.
A Supplement to the above; containing additional practical matter, more especially relating to the forms of Saw Teeth for special material and conditions, and to the behaviour of Saws under particular conditions. With 120 illustrations, cloth, 9s.
A Guide for the Electric Testing of Telegraph Cables. By Capt. V. Hoskiær, Royal Danish Engineers. With illustrations, second edition, crown 8vo, cloth, 4s. 6d.
Laying and Repairing Electric Telegraph Cables. By Capt. V. Hoskiær, Royal Danish Engineers. Crown 8vo, cloth, 3s. 6d.
A Pocket-Book of Practical Rules for the Proportions of Modern Engines and Boilers for Land and Marine purposes. By N. P. Burgh. Seventh edition, royal 32mo, roan, 4s. 6d.
The Assayers Manual: an Abridged Treatise on the Docimastic Examination of Ores and Furnace and other Artificial Products. By Bruno Kerl. Translated by W. T. Brannt. With 65 illustrations, 8vo, cloth, 12s. 6d.
The Steam Engine considered as a Heat Engine: a Treatise on the Theory of the Steam Engine, illustrated by Diagrams, Tables, and Examples from Practice. By Jas. H. Cotterill, M.A., F.R.S., Professor of Applied Mechanics in the Royal Naval College. 8vo, cloth, 12s. 6d.
Electricity: its Theory, Sources, and Applications. By J. T. Sprague, M.S.T.E. Second edition, revised and enlarged, with numerous illustrations, crown 8vo, cloth, 15s.
The Practice of Hand Turning in Wood, Ivory, Shell, etc., with Instructions for Turning such Work in Metal as may be required in the Practice of Turning in Wood, Ivory, etc.; also an Appendix on Ornamental Turning. (A book for beginners.) By Francis Campin. Third edition, with wood engravings, crown 8vo, cloth, 6s.
Contents:
On Lathes—Turning Tools—Turning Wood—Drilling—Screw Cutting—Miscellaneous Apparatus and Processes—Turning Particular Forms—Staining—Polishing—Spinning Metals—Materials—Ornamental Turning, etc.
Health and Comfort in House Building, or Ventilation with Warm Air by Self-Acting Suction Power, with Review of the mode of Calculating the Draught in Hot-Air Flues, and with some actual Experiments. By J. Drysdale, M.D., and J. W. Hayward, M.D. Second edition, with Supplement, with plates, demy 8vo, cloth, 7s. 6d.
Treatise on Watchwork, Past and Present. By the Rev. H. L. Nelthropp, M.A., F.S.A. With 32 illustrations, crown 8vo, cloth, 6s. 6d.
Contents:
Definitions of Words and Terms used in Watchwork—Tools—Time—Historical Summary—On Calculations of the Numbers for Wheels and Pinions; their Proportional Sizes, Trains, etc.—Of Dial Wheels, or Motion Work—Length of Time of Going without Winding up—The Verge—The Horizontal—The Duplex—The Lever—The Chronometer—Repeating Watches—Keyless Watches—The Pendulum, or Spiral Spring—Compensation—Jewelling of Pivot Holes—Clerkenwell—Fallacies of the Trade—Incapacity of Workmen—How to Choose and Use a Watch, etc.
Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Compiled principally for the use of the Students attending the Classes on this subject at the City of London College. By Henry Adams, Mem. Inst. M.E., Mem. Inst. C.E., Mem. Soc. of Engineers. Crown 8vo, cloth, 2s. 6d.
Algebra Self-Taught. By W. P. Higgs, M.A., D.Sc., LL.D., Assoc. Inst. C.E., Author of ‘A Handbook of the Differential Calculus,’ etc. Second edition, crown 8vo, cloth, 2s. 6d.
Contents:
Symbols and the Signs of Operation—The Equation and the Unknown Quantity—Positive and Negative Quantities—Multiplication—Involution—Exponents—Negative Exponents—Roots, and the Use of Exponents as Logarithms—Logarithms—Tables of Logarithms and Proportionate Parts—Transformation of System of Logarithms—Common Uses of Common Logarithms—Compound Multiplication and the Binomial Theorem—Division, Fractions, and Ratio—Continued Proportion—The Series and the Summation of the Series—Limit of Series—Square and Cube Roots—Equations—List of Formulæ, etc.
Spons’ Dictionary of Engineering, Civil, Mechanical, Military, and Naval; with technical terms in French, German, Italian, and Spanish, 3100 pp., and nearly 8000 engravings, in super-royal 8vo, in 8 divisions, 5l. 8s. Complete in 3 vols., cloth, 5l. 5s. Bound in a superior manner, half-morocco, top edge gilt, 3 vols., 6l. 12s.
In super-royal 8vo, 1168 pp., with 2400 illustrations, in 3 Divisions, cloth, price 13s. 6d. each; or 1 vol., cloth, 2l.; or half-morocco, 2l. 8s.
A SUPPLEMENT
TO
SPONS’ DICTIONARY OF ENGINEERING.
Edited by ERNEST SPON, Memb. Soc. Engineers.
| Abacus, Counters, Speed Indicators, and Slide Rule. | Coal Mining. | Lighthouses, Buoys, and Beacons. |
| Agricultural Implements and Machinery. | Coal Cutting Machines. | Machine Tools. |
| Air Compressors. | Coke Ovens. | Materials of Construction. |
| Animal Charcoal Machinery. | Copper. | Meters. |
| Antimony. | Docks. | Ores, Machinery and Processes employed to Dress. |
| Axles and Axle-boxes. | Drainage. | Piers. |
| Barn Machinery. | Dredging Machinery. | Pile Driving. |
| Belts and Belting. | Dynamo-Electric and Magneto-Electric Machines. | Pneumatic Transmission. |
| Blasting. | Dynamometers. | Pumps. |
| Boilers. | Electrical Engineering, Telegraphy, Electric Lighting and its practical details, Telephones. | Pyrometers. |
| Brakes. | Engines, Varieties of. | Road Locomotives. |
| Brick Machinery. | Explosives. | Rock Drills. |
| Bridges. | Fans. | Rolling Stock. |
| Cages for Mines. | Founding, Moulding and the practical work of the Foundry. | Sanitary Engineering. |
| Calculus, Differential and Integral. | Gas, Manufacture of. | Shafting. |
| Canals. | Hammers, Steam and other Power. | Steel. |
| Carpentry. | Heat. Horse Power. | Steam Navvy. |
| Cast Iron. | Hydraulics. | Stone Machinery. |
| Cement, Concrete, Limes, and Mortar. | Hydro-geology. | Tramways. |
| Chimney Shafts. | Indicators. Iron. | Well Sinking. |
| Coal Cleansing and Washing. | Lifts, Hoists, and Elevators. |
NOW COMPLETE.
With nearly 1500 illustrations, in super-royal 8vo, in 5 Divisions, cloth. Divisions 1 to 4, 13s. 6d. each; Division 5, 17s. 6d.; or 2 vols., cloth, £3 10s.
SPONS’ ENCYCLOPÆDIA
OF THE
INDUSTRIAL ARTS, MANUFACTURES, AND COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS.
Edited by C. G. WARNFORD LOCK, F.L.S.
Among the more important of the subjects treated of, are the following:—
| Acids, 207 pp. 220 figs. | Fur, 5 pp. | Pearl and Coral, 8 pp. |
| Alcohol, 23 pp. 16 figs. | Gas, Coal, 8 pp. | Perfumes, 10 pp. |
| Alcoholic Liquors, 13 pp. | Gems. | Photography, 13 pp. 20 figs. |
| Alkalies, 89 pp. 78 figs. | Glass, 45 pp. 77 figs. | Pigments, 9 pp. 6 figs. |
| Alloys. Alum. | Graphite, 7 pp. | Pottery, 46 pp. 57 figs. |
| Asphalt. Assaying. | Hair, 7 pp. | Printing and Engraving, 20 pp. 8 figs. |
| Beverages, 89 pp. 29 figs. | Hair Manufactures. | Rags. |
| Blacks. | Hats, 26 pp. 26 figs. | Resinous and Gummy Substances, 75 pp. 16 figs. |
| Bleaching Powder, 15 pp. | Honey. Hops. | Rope, 16 pp. 17 figs. |
| Bleaching, 51 pp. 48 figs. | Horn. | Salt, 31 pp. 23 figs. |
| Candles, 18 pp. 9 figs. | Ice, 10 pp. 14 figs. | Silk, 8 pp. |
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| Cork, 8 pp. 17 figs. | Leather, 28 pp. 31 figs. | Starch, 9 pp. 10 figs. |
| Cotton Manufactures, 62 pp. 57 figs. | Linen Manufactures, 16 pp. 6 figs. | Sugar, 155 pp. 134 figs. |
| Drugs, 38 pp. | Manures, 21 pp. 30 figs. | Sulphur. |
| Dyeing and Calico Printing, 28 pp. 9 figs. | Matches, 17 pp. 38 figs. | Tannin, 18 pp. |
| Dyestuffs, 16 pp. | Mordants, 13 pp. | Tea, 12 pp. |
| Electro-Metallurgy, 13 pp. | Narcotics, 47 pp. | Timber, 13 pp. |
| Explosives, 22 pp. 33 figs. | Nuts, 10 pp. | Varnish, 15 pp. |
| Feathers. | Oils and Fatty Substances, 125 pp. | Vinegar, 5 pp. |
| Fibrous Substances, 92 pp. 79 figs. | Paint. | Wax, 5 pp. |
| Floor-cloth, 16 pp. 21 figs. | Paper, 26 pp. 23 figs. | Wool, 2 pp. |
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| Fruit, 8 pp. |
Crown 8vo, cloth, with illustrations, 5s.
WORKSHOP RECEIPTS,
FIRST SERIES.
By ERNEST SPON.
Synopsis of Contents.
| Bookbinding. | Fulminates. | Oils. |
| Bronzes and Bronzing. | Furniture Creams, Oils, Polishes, Lacquers, and Pastes. | Paper. |
| Candles. | Gilding. | Paper Hanging. |
| Cement. | Glass Cutting, Cleaning, Frosting, Drilling, Darkening, Bending, Staining, and Painting. | Painting in Oils, in Water Colours, as well as Fresco, House, Transparency, Sign, and Carriage Painting. |
| Cleaning. | Glass Making. | Photography. |
| Colourwashing. | Glues. | Plastering. |
| Concretes. | Gold. | Polishes. |
| Dipping Acids. | Graining. | Pottery—(Clays, Bodies, Glazes, Colours, Oils, Stains, Fluxes, Enamels, and Lustres). |
| Drawing Office Details. | Gums. | Scouring. |
| Drying Oils. | Gun Cotton. | Silvering. |
| Dynamite. | Gunpowder. | Soap. |
| Electro-Metallurgy—(Cleaning, Dipping, Scratch-brushing, Batteries, Baths, and Deposits of every description). | Horn Working. | Solders. |
| Indiarubber. | Tanning. | |
| Enamels. | Japans, Japanning, and kindred processes. | Taxidermy. |
| Engraving on Wood, Copper, Gold, Silver, Steel, and Stone. | Lacquers. | Tempering Metals. |
| Etching and Aqua Tint. | Lathing. | Treating Horn, Mother-o’-Pearl, and like substances. |
| Firework Making—(Rockets, Stars, Rains, Gerbes, Jets, Tourbillons, Candles, Fires, Lances, Lights, Wheels, Fire-balloons, and minor Fireworks). | Lubricants. | Varnishes, Manufacture and Use of. |
| Marble Working. | Veneering. | |
| Fluxes. | Matches. | Washing. |
| Foundry Mixtures. | Mortars. | Waterproofing. |
| Freezing. | Nitro-Glycerine. | Welding. |
Besides Receipts relating to the lesser Technological matters and processes, such as the manufacture and use of Stencil Plates, Blacking, Crayons, Paste, Putty, Wax, Size, Alloys, Catgut, Tunbridge Ware, Picture Frame and Architectural Mouldings, Compos, Cameos, and others too numerous to mention.
Crown 8vo, cloth, 485 pages, with illustrations, 5s.
WORKSHOP RECEIPTS,
SECOND SERIES.
By ROBERT HALDANE.
Synopsis of Contents.
| Acidimetry and Alkalimetry. | Disinfectants. | Isinglass. |
| Albumen. | Dyeing, Staining, and Colouring. | Ivory substitutes. |
| Alcohol. | Essences. | Leather. |
| Alkaloids. | Extracts. | Luminous bodies. |
| Baking-powders. | Fireproofing. | Magnesia. |
| Bitters. | Gelatine, Glue, and Size. | Matches. |
| Bleaching. | Glycerine. | Paper. |
| Boiler Incrustations. | Gut. | Parchment. |
| Cements and Lutes. | Hydrogen peroxide. | Perchloric acid. |
| Cleansing. | Ink. | Potassium oxalate. |
| Confectionery. | Iodine. | Preserving. |
| Copying. | Iodoform. |
Pigments, Paint, and Painting: embracing the preparation of Pigments, including alumina lakes, blacks (animal, bone, Frankfort, ivory, lamp, sight, soot), blues (antimony, Antwerp, cobalt, cœruleum, Egyptian, manganate, Paris, Péligot, Prussian, smalt, ultramarine), browns (bistre, hinau, sepia, sienna, umber, Vandyke), greens (baryta, Brighton, Brunswick, chrome, cobalt, Douglas, emerald, manganese, mitis, mountain, Prussian, sap, Scheele’s, Schweinfurth, titanium, verdigris, zinc), reds (Brazilwood lake, carminated lake, carmine, Cassius purple, cobalt pink, cochineal lake, colcothar, Indian red, madder lake, red chalk, red lead, vermilion), whites (alum, baryta, Chinese, lead sulphate, white lead—by American, Dutch, French, German, Kremnitz, and Pattinson processes, precautions in making, and composition of commercial samples—whiting, Wilkinson’s white, zinc white), yellows (chrome, gamboge, Naples, orpiment, realgar, yellow lakes); Paint (vehicles, testing oils, driers, grinding, storing, applying, priming, drying, filling, coats, brushes, surface, water-colours, removing smell, discoloration; miscellaneous paints—cement paint for carton-pierre, copper paint, gold paint, iron paint, lime paints, silicated paints, steatite paint, transparent paints, tungsten paints, window paint, zinc paints); Painting (general instructions, proportions of ingredients, measuring paint work; carriage painting—priming paint, best putty, finishing colour, cause of cracking, mixing the paints, oils, driers, and colours, varnishing, importance of washing vehicles, re-varnishing, how to dry paint; woodwork painting).
JUST PUBLISHED.
Crown 8vo, cloth, 480 pages, with 183 illustrations, 5s.
WORKSHOP RECEIPTS,
THIRD SERIES.
By C. G. WARNFORD LOCK.
Uniform with the First and Second Series.
Synopsis of Contents.
| Alloys. | Indium. | Rubidium. |
| Aluminium. | Iridium. | Ruthenium. |
| Antimony. | Iron and Steel. | Selenium. |
| Barium. | Lacquers and Lacquering. | Silver. |
| Beryllium. | Lanthanum. | Slag. |
| Bismuth. | Lead. | Sodium. |
| Cadmium. | Lithium. | Strontium. |
| Cæsium. | Lubricants. | Tantalum. |
| Calcium. | Magnesium. | Terbium. |
| Cerium. | Manganese. | Thallium. |
| Chromium. | Mercury. | Thorium. |
| Cobalt. | Mica. | Tin. |
| Copper. | Molybdenum. | Titanium. |
| Didymium. | Nickel. | Tungsten. |
| Electrics. | Niobium. | Uranium. |
| Enamels and Glazes. | Osmium. | Vanadium. |
| Erbium. | Palladium. | Yttrium. |
| Gallium. | Platinum. | Zinc. |
| Glass. | Potassium. | Zirconium. |
| Gold. | Rhodium. | Aluminium. |
JUST PUBLISHED.
In demy 8vo, cloth, 600 pages, and 1420 Illustrations, 6s.
SPONS’
MECHANIC’S OWN BOOK;
A MANUAL FOR HANDICRAFTSMEN AND AMATEURS.
Contents.
Mechanical Drawing—Casting and Founding in Iron, Brass, Bronze, and other Alloys—Forging and Finishing Iron—Sheetmetal Working—Soldering, Brazing, and Burning—Carpentry and Joinery, embracing descriptions of some 400 Woods, over 200 Illustrations of Tools and their uses, Explanations (with Diagrams) of 116 joints and hinges, and Details of Construction of Workshop appliances, rough furniture, Garden and Yard Erections, and House Building—Cabinet-Making and Veneering—Carving and Fretcutting—Upholstery—Painting, Graining, and Marbling—Staining Furniture, Woods, Floors, and Fittings—Gilding, dead and bright, on various grounds—Polishing Marble, Metals, and Wood—Varnishing—Mechanical movements, illustrating contrivances for transmitting motion—Turning in Wood and Metals—Masonry, embracing Stonework, Brickwork, Terracotta, and Concrete—Roofing with Thatch, Tiles, Slates, Felt, Zinc, &c.—Glazing with and without putty, and lead glazing—Plastering and Whitewashing—Paper-hanging—Gas-fitting—Bell-hanging, ordinary and electric Systems—Lighting—Warming—Ventilating—Roads, Pavements, and Bridges—Hedges, Ditches, and Drains—Water Supply and Sanitation—Hints on House Construction suited to new countries.
London: E. & F. N. SPON, 125, Strand.
New York: 35, Murray Street.
TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE
For consistency the titles Mr. Mrs. Dr. and Messrs. have been changed to Mr Mrs Dr and Messrs throughout the book.
Eight occurrences of ‘Robert Mansell’ have been replaced by ‘Robert Mansel’.
Fig 3 and Figures 18-21 are missing, but were missing also from the original book.
Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources.
Some hyphens in words have been silently removed, some added, when a predominant preference was found in the original book.
Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text, and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained.
[Pg v:] ‘SAFETY AND COMPORT’ replaced by ‘SAFETY AND COMFORT’.
[Pg v:] ‘The Bessmer Channel’ replaced by ‘The Bessemer Channel’.
[Pg 1:] ‘stuctural arrangements’ replaced by ‘structural arrangements’.
[Pg 9:] ‘not only permissable’ replaced by ‘not only permissible’.
[Pg 9:] ‘ducility renders it’ replaced by ‘ductility renders it’.
[Pg 16:] ‘for cargo-carrrying’ replaced by ‘for cargo-carrying’.
[Pg 18:] ‘the best concensus’ replaced by ‘the best consensus’.
[Pg 20:] ‘other longtitudinal’ replaced by ‘other longitudinal’.
[Pg 20,] [21,] [22,] [23:] ‘rivetting’ replaced by ‘riveting’.
[Pg 25:] ‘a maintainence also’ replaced by ‘a maintenence also’.
[Pg 26:] ‘Marc Berrier-Eontaine’ replaced by ‘Marc Berrier-Fontaine’.
[Pg 33 Footnote 2:] ‘tried inofficially’ replaced by ‘tried unofficially’.
[Pg 42:] ‘comsumption of coal’ replaced by ‘consumption of coal’.
[Pg 49:] ‘with Three Cylnders’ replaced by ‘with Three Cylinders’.
[Pg 51:] ‘marked accesions to’ replaced by ‘marked accessions to’.
[Pg 57:] ‘by Messsrs Denny’ replaced by ‘by Messrs Denny’.
[Pg 58:] ‘its great ducility’ replaced by ‘its great ductility’.
[Pg 63:] ‘with original structure’ replaced by ‘with the original structure’.
[Pg 64:] ‘deek-houses’ replaced by ‘deck-houses’.
[Pg 66:] ‘amount permissable’ replaced by ‘amount permissible’.
[Pg 69:] ‘of the traditionary’ replaced by ‘of the traditional’.
[Pg 118:] ‘similiarly constructed’ replaced by ‘similarly constructed’.
[Pg 121:] ‘determine dircetly’ replaced by ‘determine directly’.
[Pg 128A:] ‘On the Assesment’ replaced by ‘On the Assessment’.
[Pg 128A:] duplicate ‘N.A.,’ removed.
[Pg 129:] ‘and carpentery’ replaced by ‘and carpentry’.
[Pg 132:] ‘superior homogeniety’ replaced by ‘superior homogeneity’.
[Pg 134,] [135:] ‘portable rivetters’ replaced by ‘portable riveters’.
[Pg 135:] ‘oftentimes harrassing’ replaced by ‘oftentimes harassing’.
[Pg 136:] ‘made to guage’ replaced by ‘made to gauge’.
[Pg 137:] ‘necesitate them replaced by ‘necessitate them’.
[Pg 182:] ‘Société Anomyne’ replaced by ‘Société Anonyme’.
[Pg 195:] ‘109| I49,100|’ replaced by ‘109| 149,100|’.
[Pg 200:] This very wide table has been split into two parts.
[Pg 200:] ‘Eastern Steampship’ replaced by ‘Eastern Steamship’.
[Pg 200:] ‘Barrow Steampship’ replaced by ‘Barrow Steamship’.
[Pg 200:] ‘Mississipi and’ replaced by ‘Mississippi and’.
[Pg 213:] ‘the plainimeter just’ replaced by ‘the planimeter just’.
Biographies:
of [Pierce:] ‘in existance, of’ replaced by ‘in existence, of’.
of [Martell:] ‘professonal subjects’ replaced by ‘professional subjects’.
of [White:] ‘the Royal Docykard’ replaced by ‘the Royal Dockyard’.
of [Palmer:] ‘the colleries of’ replaced by ‘the collieries of’.
of [Palmer:] ‘since universelly’ replaced by ‘since universally’.