INDEX
- aal-mutter, ii, [144]
- Abbott, i, 415, 419, 422; ii, [307], [534]
- on perch, ii, [307]
- abdominal fishes, ii, [39]
- Abdominales, i, 393; ii, [38], [39]
- Abeona, ii, [375]
- Abramis, ii, [167]
- figure of, ii, [168]
- Aboma,
- figure of, ii, [462]
- abundance of food-fish, i, 329
- abura-ainame, ii, [440]
- abura-bodzu, ii, [323]
- aburazame, i, 524
- Acantharchus, ii, [297]
- Acanthistius, ii, [323]
- Acanthobatis, i, 553
- Acanthocephala, i, 344, 351
- Acanthocepola, ii, [363]
- Acanthoclinidæ, ii, [516]
- Acanthoclinus, ii, [516]
- Acanthocybium, ii, [266]
- Acanthodei, i, 65, 437, 447, 513, 519, 545, 561
- Dean on, i, 517
- families of, i, 516
- order of, i, 514
- Woodward on, i, 514
- Acanthoëssidæ, i, 515, 516
- Acanthoëssus, i, 446, 510-513
- figure of, i, 515
- scales of, figured, i, 521
- Acantholabrus, ii, [387]
- Acanthonemus, ii, [286]
- Acanthopteri, ii, [157]
- Acanthopterygian, ii, [39], [293]
- Acanthopterygii, i, 391; ii, [189], [208]-214
- Acanthostracion, i, 377
- Acanthuridæ, i, 206; ii, [405], [407], [410], [411]
- family of, ii, [407]
- Acanthurus, i, 268, 271; ii, [407], [409]
- Acanus, ii, [330]
- Acara, ii, [381]
- Acentronura, ii, [236]
- Acerina, ii, [241], [309]
- Acentrophorus, ii, [23]
- Achirinæ, ii, [495]
- Achirus,
- figure of, ii, [496]
- Acipenser, i, 291, 332, 391, 452; ii, [18], [19], [20], [22]
- Acipenseridæ, i, 290; ii, [18]
- Acipenseroidei, i, 382
- Acraniata, i, 484
- Acrocheilus, ii, [169]
- Acrogaster, ii, [252]
- Acrognathus, ii, [34]
- Acropoma, ii, [317]
- Acropomidæ, ii, [317]
- Acrotidæ, ii, [285]
- Acrotus, ii, [285]
- Actinistia, i, 602
- order of, i, 604
- Actinopteri, i, 451, 507, 599, 610; ii, [1], [2], [4], [5], [208]
- Actinopterygii, i, 462; ii, [1]
- Actinosts, ii, [1], [33]
- actinotrichia, i, 80
- Adaptation of fishes, i, 177-225
- adaptive radiation,
- law of, i, 296
- adder-fish, ii, [501]
- Adelfisch, ii, [65]
- Adelochorda, i, 461
- Adinia, ii, [199]
- adipose fin, i, 25
- Ægæonichthys, ii, [549]
- Æoliscus,
- figure of, ii, [235]
- Ærolepis, ii, [14]
- Æthalion, ii, [41]
- Ætheospondyli, ii, [24], [29]
- Æthoprora,
- figure of, i, 188
- Aëtobatis, i, 557
- figure of, i, 558
- African catfish,
- figure of, i, 457; ii, [185]
- Agassiz, A., i, 405
- Agassiz, L., i, 419, 428, 614; ii, [1], [39], [183], [486]
- on dispersion, i, 284
- on Embiotocidæ, ii, [378], [379]
- on embryology of garpike, ii, [31]
- on fish fauna of N. E., i, 302
- on fossil fishes, i, 404
- on ganoids, ii, [9]
- on high and low forms, i, 381
- on Lepidosteus, ii, [5]
- on Onchus, i, 530
- portrait of, i, 399
- pupils of, i, 405
- questions raised by, i, 284
- sketch of, i, 404
- Age of fishes, i, 144-146
- agency of ocean currents, i, 243
- Agnatha, i, 508
- Agonidæ, i, 208; ii, [3], [185], [452], [453], [456]
- family of, ii, [449]
- Agonoid fish,
- figure of, i, 221; ii, [453]
- Agonostomus, ii, [107], [222]
- Agonus, i, 219; ii, [453]
- Agrammus, ii, [440]
- Ahl, i, 394
- aholehole, ii, [304]
- air-bladder, i, 11
- air-duct, i, 12
- Aristotle on, 95
- Borelli on, i, 95
- of Carp, i, 93; ii, [159], [160]
- in Cœlacanthus, i, 604
- defined, i, 92, 93
- De Fosse on, i, 97
- Delaroche on, i, 95
- figure of, i, 93, 604
- function of, i, 94
- in ganoids, i, 101
- gases in, i, 94
- in Labyrinthici, i, 91
- an organ of hearing, ii, [159]
- origin of, i, 98
- position of, i, 35
- Sörensen on, i, 97
- Tower on, i, 95
- use of, i, 12
- wanting in sharks, i, 506
- Weber on, i, 96
- akadai, ii, [344]
- Alaska blackfish, i, 51, 147, 290
- figure of, i, 149; ii, [206]
- Alaska cod, ii, [536]
- Alaska grayling,
- figure of, i, 328; ii, [120]
- Alaskan rivers,
- fishes of, i, 304, 305
- Albacore, i, 210; ii, [136]
- Albatross, the i, 263, 408; ii, [60], [130], [138]
- Albatrossia, ii, [541]
- Albula, i, 142, 205; ii, [29], [46], [148]
- figure of, i, 147; ii, [44]
- Albulidæ, ii, [41], [44]
- Alburnus, ii, [167]
- Alcock, i, 244, 408; ii, [290]
- Aldrich,
- photograph by, i, 303
- Aldrovandi, i, 388
- Aldrovandia,
- figure of, ii, [138]
- Alectis, i, 202; ii, [276]
- aleihi, ii, [253]
- Alepisauridæ, i, 134
- Alepocephalidæ, ii, [60]
- Alepocephalus,
- figure of, ii, [60]
- alewife, ii, [49]
- figure of, ii, [50]
- alfonsinos, ii, [251]
- alimentary canal, i, 31
- alkaloid poisons, i, 182, 184, 185; ii, [411], [412]
- allantiasis, i, 183
- alligator-fish, ii, [449], [453]
- alligator-gar,
- figure of, ii, [31]
- allmouth, ii, [545]
- Alopiidæ,
- family of, i, 536
- Alosa, i, 204, 291; ii, [50]
- Alticus,
- figure of, i, 230; ii, [509]
- Alutera, i, 206; ii, [414], [415]
- amadai, ii, [363]
- Amanses, ii, [415]
- figure of, ii, [414]
- Amaræcium, i, 477
- Ambassis, ii, [317]
- Ambassidæ, ii, [317]
- amber-fish, ii, [272]
- figure of, i, 458; ii, [273]
- amber-jack, ii, [274]
- Amblodon, i, 302
- Ambloplites,
- Amblyopsidæ, 290; ii, [204]
- family of, ii, [200]
- Amblyopsis, i, 220, 314
- figure of, i, 221, 222; ii, [203]
- Amblypterus, ii, [14]
- Amblystoma, i, 78
- Ameiurus, i, 283, 293, 310, 356; ii, [35], [183], [185], [186], [299]
- American charr, ii, [110]
- American fishes,
- Goode on, i, 335
- Amia, i, 33, 101, 102, 204, 291, 344, 391, 612, 623; ii, [8], [9], [11], [31], [33], [36], [41], [160]
- Amiatus, i, 394
- Amiidæ, i, 290; ii, [4], [34], [35], [36]
- Amioidei,
- Lütken on, ii, [33]
- Amiopsis, ii, [36]
- Amitra, ii, [454]
- Ammocœtes, i, 142
- Ammocrypta, ii, [306]
- figure of, i, 158; ii, [313]
- Ammodytes, ii, [224], [391], [514], [522]
- figure of, ii, [521]
- Ammodytidæ, ii, [215], [520], [521]
- Amphacanthi,
- suborder of, ii, [409]
- Ampheristus, ii, [436]
- Amphibia, i, 393, 600, 606
- Amphibians, ii, [9]
- origin of, i, 600
- Amphicœlian, i, 49
- Amphiodon, i, 394
- Amphioxides, i, 483
- Amphioxus, i, 482, 495
- Amphiplaga, ii, [243]
- Amphipnoidæ, 11, 141
- Amphipnous, ii, [141]
- Amphiprion, ii, [384]
- Amphisile, ii, [235]
- Amphisticus, ii, [375]
- Amphistiidæ,
- Amphistium, ii, [485]
- figure of, ii, [247]
- Amyzon, ii, [175]
- Anabantidæ, ii, [215], [370]
- Gill on, i, 366
- Anabas, i, 91, 103, 163
- figure of, ii, [366]
- Anableps, i, 117, 391; ii, [131]
- Anacanthini, i, 405; ii, [484], [485], [499], [501], [532], [533], [538]
- anadromous fishes, i, 291
- anadromous salmon, ii, [68]
- anal fin, i, 10
- in Embiotocidæ, i, 125
- as intromittent organ, i, 124
- in Pœciliidæ, i, 125
- in sword-tail minnow, i, 124
- analogy and homology, i, 368, 369
- Coues on, i, 369
- Anampses, ii, [390]
- Anarhichadidæ, ii, [517]
- Anarhichas, i, 208, 391; ii, [518]
- Anarchias, ii, [153]
- Anarrhichthys, i, 208, 364; ii, [518]
- skull of, ii, [517]
- Anarthri, i, 509
- Anarthrodira, i, 584, 585, 590
- Anaspida, i, 573, 622
- order of, i, 579
- anatomy of tunicates,
- figure showing, i, 472
- Anchovia, i, 199, 205
- figure of, ii, [54]
- anchovy,
- figure of, ii, [54]
- anchovy, silvery,
- figure of, ii, [54]
- ancient outlet of Lake Bonneville,
- photograph of, i, 303
- Ancylostylos, ii, [45]
- Andaman Islands,
- fishes of, i, 166
- Andrews, i, 428
- Anema, ii, [504]
- angel-fishes, i, 547, 549
- angler-fishes, i, 189, 206; ii, [542]-553
- anglers,
- dorsal fin in, i, 202
- angling, i, 336
- Young on, i, 337-339
- Anguilla, i, 127, 162, 211; ii, [143]
- Anguillidæ, i, 290; ii, [148]
- family of, ii, [142]
- angular, i, 606
- Anisotremus, i, 271; ii, [341]
- Anomalopidæ,
- family of, ii, [317]
- anko,
- figure of, ii, [545]
- Anomalops, ii, [317]
- Anoplogaster, ii, [252]
- Anoplopoma,
- figure of, ii, [438]
- Anoplopomidæ,
- family of, ii, [438]
- Anoplus, i, 260; ii, [333]
- Antechinomys, ii, [471]
- Antennariidæ, i, 52; ii, [542], [549], [553]
- Antennarius, i, 197, 206
- Anthias, ii, [328]
- Antiarcha, i, 573, 581, 590, 622
- order of, i, 576
- Antigonia, i, 262
- Anyperodon, ii, [328]
- ao, ii, [274]
- Apeltes,
- figure of, ii, [232]
- Aphanopus, i, 210
- Aphareus,
- figure of, ii, [339]
- Aphredoderidæ, i, 290; ii, [243], [294]
- Aphredoderus, ii, [204], [252], [291], [294], [296]
- figure of, ii, [295]
- Apia,
- coral reef of, figured, i, 234
- Apichthys, ii, [278]
- Aplidiopsis,
- figure of, i, 479
- Aploactis, i, 202
- Aplodactylidæ, ii, [363]
- Aplodactylus, ii, [364]
- Aplodinotus, i, 291, 302; ii, [354], [357]
- Apocopodon, i, 558
- Apodes, i, 393, 611; ii, [40], [139]-158, 532
- order of, ii, [141]
- Apodichthys, i, 227; ii, [512]
- Apogon,
- Apogonidæ,
- family of, ii, [316]
- Apomotis, i, 26, 310; ii, [301]
- figure of, i, 27; ii, [350]
- Apostasis, ii, [406]
- Apostolides, i, 412
- Appendicularia, i, 466
- Brooks on, i, 480
- Appendiculariidæ, i, 474
- Aprion, i, 325; ii, [338]
- Apsilus, ii, [338]
- aquatic worms, ii, [143]
- Aracana, ii, [417]
- Arapaima, ii, [11], [56]
- Arbaciosa,
- species of, ii, [531]
- Archæomænidæ, ii, [29]
- Archæus, ii, [278]
- Archencheli,
- archers, ii, [400]
- archicercal tail, i, 81, 83
- archipterygium, i, 59-61, 68, 69, 73, 446, 459, 511, 512, 522, 598, 600, 601
- Boulenger on, i, 79
- Gegenbaur on, i, 60
- Günther on, i, 60
- archnoid membrane, i, 109
- Archoplites, i, 179, 240; ii, [297]
- figure of, i, 258
- Archosargus, i, 324; ii, [346]
- figure of, i, 31; ii, [347]
- Archoteuthis, ii, [410]
- Arctic codling, ii, [537]
- Arctic species,
- in lakes, i, 316
- Loven on, i, 317
- Malmgren on, i, 317
- Smith on, i, 317
- Arctoscopus, ii, [364]
- Argentina, i, 391
- Argentinidæ, ii, [122], [124]
- Argidæ, ii, [185]
- Argyropelecus,
- figure of, i, 190; ii, [137]
- Argyrosomus, i, 315; ii, [62], [65], [67]
- figure of, ii, [66]
- Ariscopus, i, 257
- figure of, ii, [504]
- Aristotle, ii, [146]
- on fishes of Greece, i, 387
- on noises of fish, i, 95
- Arius, ii, [178], [186]
- arm of frog, i, 601
- figure of, i, 71
- ama-ama, ii, [221]
- armado, i, 169
- arnillo, ii, [338]
- Arnoglossus, ii, [488]
- arrow-toothed halibut, ii, [491]
- Artedi, i, 374, 390
- on genera, i, 391
- Artediellus, ii, [442]
- Artedius, ii, [442]
- Arthrodira, i, 573, 584, 585, 590, 612
- Dean on, i, 581
- Jækel on, i, 591
- Arthrodires, i, 204, 241, 436, 437, 603, 622; ii, [3]
- classification of, i, 584
- figure of, i, 445, 584
- occurrence of, i, 583
- relationships of, i, 588
- Arthropteridæ, i, 553
- Arthropterus, i, 553
- Arthrognathi, i, 581, 584, 585, 589, 590
- Dean on, i, 584
- Arthrothoraci, i, 584, 586, 587
- articular, i, 606
- artificial impregnation,
- Jacobian method, i, 150
- Ascanius, i, 396; ii, [472]
- Ascelichthys, ii, [449]
- Ascidia,
- figure of, i, 474
- Ascidiacea, i, 474
- ascidians, i, 460, 467
- Kingsley on, i, 474
- Ritter on, i, 474
- Ascidiiæ, i, 474, 475
- Ascidina,
- figure of, i, 475
- Aseraggodes, ii, [496]
- Ashmead,
- on leprosy transmission, i, 186
- Asineopidæ, ii, [243], [296], [317]
- Asineops, ii, [243], [317]
- Asmuss, i, 427
- Aspasma, ii, [531]
- figure of, ii, [530]
- Aspidocephali, i, 568, 575
- Aspidoganoidei, i, 568
- Aspidophoroides,
- figure of, ii, [453]
- Aspidorhini, i, 568
- Aspidorhynchidæ, ii, [24], [29]
- Aspidorhynchus, ii, [29]
- Aspius, ii, [175]
- Aspredo, ii, [184]
- Aspro, ii, [307], [310]
- figure of, ii, [309]
- aspron, ii, [309]
- figure of, ii, [310]
- Asterolepidæ, i, 576, 623
- Asterolepis, i, 577, 591
- Asterospondyli, i, 447, 510, 513, 532
- order of, i, 525
- asterospondylous, i, 49
- Asterosteidæ, i, 584, 585
- Asterosteus, i, 585
- Asterropteryx, i, 263
- Astrodermiidæ, i, 551
- Astrodermus, i, 551
- Astrolabe, the, i, 408
- Astrolytes,
- figure of, ii, [442]
- Astronesthidæ, ii, [128]
- Astrape, i, 554
- Astroscopus, ii, [503]
- Gilbert on, i, 187
- electric organs of, i, 187
- Asymmetron, i, 483; ii, [467]
- Ateleaspis, i, 574
- Atheresthes, i, 205; ii, [491]
- Atherina, i, 393; ii, [216]
- Atherinidæ, i, 290; ii, [215]
- Atherinops, ii, [218]
- Atherinopsis,
- figure of, ii, [218]
- Atherinosoma, ii, [218]
- Athlennes, ii, [211]
- Atka fish,
- figure of, i, 328; ii, [439]
- Atka mackerel, ii, [439]
- Atlantic creek, i, 308, 309
- Atlantic oarfish, ii, [472]
- Atlantic salmon, ii, [89]
- attenuate, i, 19
- Atthey, i, 426
- Auchenopterus, ii, [508]
- atule, ii, [275]
- auditory ossicles, ii, [160]
- Aulichthys, ii, [233]
- Aulolepis, ii, [48]
- Aulopidæ, ii, [130], [132]
- Aulopus, i, 259; ii, [190]
- Aulorhamphus, ii, [406]
- Aulorhynchidæ,
- family of, ii, [232]
- Aulorhynchus, ii, [233]
- Aulostomidæ,
- family of, ii, [233]
- Aulostomus, ii, [233]
- figure of, ii, [234]
- Australia, ii, [363]
- Australian flying-fish,
- figure of, i, 341
- Australian lung-fish, i, 100
- autochthonous, i, 245
- autostylic skull, i, 561; ii, [8]
- Auxis, ii, [262]
- awa, ii, [45], [221]
- awaawa, ii, [43]
- awaous, i, 254; ii, [465]
- aweoweo, ii, [333]
- Axinurus, ii, [409]
- axonasts, i, 604, 605; ii, [17]
- Ayres, i, 419, 428
- ayu, i, 256; ii, [115], [117], [118]
- figure of, i, 321; ii, [116]
- fishing for figured, i, 333, 335
- Azevia, i, 271; ii, [489]
- d'Azyr, i, 390
- Azygostei, i, 581
- azygous, i, 88
- Baer, i, 428
- Bagarius, ii, [186]
- bagonado, ii, [344]
- bagre, ii, [182]
- bagre de Rio, ii, [182]
- Bagrus, ii, [183]
- Baikal cods, ii, [455]
- Baird, i, 419; ii, [142]
- Bairdiella, ii, [355]
- figure of, ii, [355]
- Bakker, i, 428
- Balanoglossidæ, i, 465
- Balanglossus, i, 461
- Balanus, ii, [544]
- balaos, ii, [212]
- Balfour, i, 428, 511, 513; ii, [8]
- finfold theory, i, 69, 514
- lateral-fold theory, i, 71-73
- on paired fins, ii, [8]
- on sharks, i, 511
- Balfour and Parker,
- on Lepidosteus, ii, [5]
- Balistapus, i, 181; ii, [413]
- Balistes, i, 206, 391, 611; ii, [22]
- figure of, i, 184; ii, [412]
- Balistidæ, ii, [413], [418]
- family of, ii, [412]
- Ballou,
- on eels, ii, [417]
- banded rockfish,
- figure of, ii, [432]
- banded sunfish,
- figure of, ii, [299]
- bandfishes, ii, [363]
- bandfishes,
- the crested, ii, [291]
- Banks, i, 395
- barbels, i, 115; ii, [170]
- organs of touch, i, 122
- barber-fish, ii, [328]
- barbero, ii, [408]
- barbudos, ii, [256]
- Barbulifer, ii, [462]
- Barbus, ii, [170], [175]
- Barkas, i, 426
- Barneville, i, 412
- Barracuda, ii, [34], [39], [215], [266], [317], [469]
- Barracuda,
- Barramunda, i, 116, 614, 615
- Günther on, i, 615
- barreto, ii, [467]
- barriers,
- Alleghanies, i, 311
- artificial dams, i, 300
- Cape of Good Hope, i, 268
- checks to movement, i, 240
- crossing by fishes, i, 302
- to dispersion, i, 297
- Isthmus of Panama, i, 269
- local, i, 298
- mountain chains, i, 310
- Rocky Mountains, i, 305
- the Sierras, i, 310
- silt-bearing streams, i, 301
- species absent from, i, 239
- temperature, i, 298
- waterfalls, i, 300
- watersheds, i, 205
- basal bone,
- of dorsal fin, i, 49
- figure of, i, 49, 56
- of pectoral fin, i, 59
- baseosts, ii, [17]
- basilar, i, 88
- Basilevsky, i, 411
- basking shark, i, 539
- figure of, i, 540
- largest of fishes, i, 539
- bass, i, 4, 21, 47, 290, 323, 440; ii, [316]-350
- black, i, 303, 304
- white, i, 321
- yellow, i, 321
- bassalian fishes, i, 245, 246; ii, [128]
- Bassani, i, 427
- Bassozetus,
- figure of, i, 456
- bastard halibut, ii, [489]
- Bateson, i, 463
- batfish, ii, [402], [458]
- Bathyclupeidæ, ii, [290]
- Bathygadus, ii, [541]
- Bathylagus, ii, [127]
- Bathymaster, ii, [502]
- figure of, ii, [503]
- Bathymasteridæ, ii, [502]
- Bathyonidæ, ii, [540]
- Bathyonus, ii, [540]
- Bathypteroidæ, ii, [130]
- Bathypterois, ii, [131]
- Batoidei, i, 519
- suborder of, i, 549
- Batrachians, i, 85, 87, 88
- Batrachoides, i, 394; ii, [526]
- Batrachoides,
- shoulder-girdle of, i, 59
- Batrachoididæ, i, 182, 192; ii, [525], [529], [542]
- Batrachoids, ii, [529]
- Batrictius, i, 394
- Bdellostoma, i, 490
- Beagle, the, i, 408
- Bean, i, 408, 419
- Beardslee, ii, [101]
- Beardslee trout, ii, [101]
- Belemnobatis, i, 551
- Bellotti, i, 412
- bellows fish, ii, [545]
- Belon,
- on fishes of Mediterranean, i, 388
- Belone, ii, [210], [211]
- Belonidæ,
- family of, ii, [210]
- Belonorhynchidæ, ii, [514]
- Belonorhynchus, ii, [17]
- Belostomus, ii, [29]
- Bembradidæ, ii, [441], [499]
- Bembras, ii, [441]
- Benecke,
- on spawning of eels, ii, [146]
- Beneden, i, 427
- benimasu, ii, [72]
- Bennett, i, 408, 416
- Bentenia, ii, [286]
- Benthosauridæ, ii, [130]
- Benthosaurus, ii, [131]
- Berg, i, 415
- portrait of, i, 409
- Berndt,
- opah taken by, ii, [244]
- photograph by, i, 323
- Berycidæ, i, 206; ii, [294], [499]
- family of, ii, [251]
- Berycoidei, ii, [40], [245], [290], [484], [485]
- suborder of, ii, [250]-257
- Berycoid fishes, ii, [250]
- Berycoids, ii, [247]
- Berycopsis, ii, [285]
- Beryx, i, 259, 263, 438; ii, [249], [289]
- figure of, ii, [251]
- beshow, ii, [438]
- Betta, i, 163; ii, [370]
- biajaiba, ii, [336]
- Bianconi, i, 412
- Bibron, i, 412
- big-eye, ii, [333]
- figure of, ii, [332]
- big-eyed scad, ii, [275]
- Birkenia, i, 580
- figure of, i, 579
- Birkeniidæ, i, 579
- bishop-fish, i, 361
- bishop-fish,
- figure of, i, 361
- Björnson,
- on fishing villages of Norway, i, 329
- black angel, ii, [405]
- black angel-fish,
- figure of, ii, [403]
- black bass, i, 209; ii, [168], [301], [328]
- black bream, ii, [206]
- Black Current of Japan, sharks in, i, 536
- black escolar, 338
- black-fin snapper, ii, [336]
- blackfish, ii, [387]
- black grouper, ii, [323], [325]
- black-horse, ii, [173]
- Blackiston's line,
- relation to fishes, i, 257
- black-jack, ii, [276]
- black nohu,
- figure of, i, 180; ii, [436]
- stinging spines of, i, 180
- black-nosed dace,
- figure of, i, 342; ii, [164]
- parasites on, i, 342
- black rockfish, ii, [429]
- black ruff, ii, [284]
- black sea-bass, ii, [329]
- black-sided darter,
- figure of, ii, [311]
- blacksmith, ii, [381]
- black-spotted sailor's choice, ii, [341]
- black-spotted trout, ii, [95]
- black swallower,
- figure of, i, 29; ii, [360]
- black tai, ii, [344]
- black will, ii, [328]
- black wrasse, ii, [387]
- Blainville, i, 400
- on Palæoniscum, ii, [14]
- Blake, i, 60, 408
- Blanchard, i, 412
- blanquillos, ii, [361], [362]
- blastoderm, i, 135
- blastomeres, i, 135
- blastopore, i, 138
- blastula, i, 131, 132
- bleak, ii, [163], [167]
- Bleeker, i, 376, 412, 414
- Bleekeria, ii, [521]
- Bleekeriidæ, ii, [522]
- Blenniidæ, i, 208, 276, 290; ii, [506]-531
- Blennioidea, ii, [470]
- Blennius, i, 208, 391; ii, [511], [513]
- Blennius,
- figure of, i, 508
- blenny, i, 209, 230, 290, 429; ii, [507]-531
- Blepsias,
- figure of, ii, [448]
- blind Brotula,
- figure of, i, 222
- blind catfish, ii, [181]
- blind cavefish,
- figure of, i, 116; ii, [202]
- blindfish, i, 290; ii, [202], [524]
- blindfish of Mammoth Cave, ii, [202], [203]
- Eigenmann on, i, 221, 222
- figure of, i, 221
- blind goby, ii, [467]
- blob, ii, [444]
- Bloch, i, 389, 397
- Blochiidæ, ii, [514]
- Blochius,
- figure of, ii, [514]
- Blossom, the, i, 408
- blue-back, ii, [71], [73]-76
- blue-back salmon, ii, [68], [69]
- blue-breasted darter, i, 231; ii, [314]
- figure of, i, 231
- blue cod, ii, [440]
- bluefin, ii, [66]
- bluefin cisco,
- figure of, ii, [66]
- bluefish, ii, [278], [354]
- bluegill,
- figure of, ii, [300]
- blue-green sunfish, i, 26
- figure of, i, 27; ii, [350]
- blue parrot-fish, ii, [396]
- blue sharks, i, 534, 542
- blue smelt,
- figure of, ii, [218]
- blue-spotted guativere, ii, [324]
- blue surf-fish, ii, [375]
- blue tang, ii, [408]
- figure of, ii, [407]
- Blyth, i, 396
- boarfishes, ii, [135], [398]
- bobo,
- figure of, ii, [222]
- boccaccio, ii, [429]
- Bocage, i, 414
- Bocourt, i, 412
- Bodianus, i, 207, 271; ii, [388]
- boga, ii, [347], [348]
- Bogoslovius, ii, [541]
- Bohr, i, 97
- Boleophthalmus, ii, [465]
- figure of, i, 118; ii, [466]
- Boleosoma, i, 302; ii, [313]
- Bollman, i, 420
- Boltenia, i, 475
- Bombay-duck, ii, [131]
- bonaci-arará, ii, [325]
- bonaci-cardenal, ii, [325]
- Bonaparte, i, 412
- bones of the fish,
- actinosts, i, 42
- alisphenoid, i, 38, 39, 40, 53
- anal fin, i, 48
- angular, i, 42, 43, 54
- articular, i, 42, 43, 54
- basibranchial, i, 46
- basihyal, i, 42, 45
- basioccipital, i, 36, 38, 39, 40, 53
- basisphenoid, i, 36, 38, 39, 53
- branchiostegals, i, 42, 45
- carpals, i, 51
- of anglers, i, 51
- caudal fin, i, 48
- caudal vertebræ, i, 48
- ceratobranchial, i, 46
- ceratohyal, i, 42, 45
- clavicle, i, 42, 50, 52
- figured, i, 52
- coracoid, i, 50, 51
- of cranium, i, 39
- dentary, i, 42, 43, 54
- dorsal fin, i, 48
- epihyal, i, 42, 45
- epibranchial, i, 46
- epioccipital, i, 36
- epiotic, i, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 53
- epipleurals, i, 48
- ethmoid, i, 36, 37, 53
- exoccipital, i, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 53
- frontal, i, 36, 37, 38, 53
- glossihyal, i, 42
- hæmal spine, i, 48
- hæmaphysis, i, 48
- hyoid arch, i, 42
- hyomandibular, i, 42, 44, 54
- hypercoracoid, i, 42, 52
- hypobranchial, i, 46
- hypocoracoid, i, 42, 43, 52
- hypural, i, 48, 49
- infraclavicle, i, 51
- interclavicle, i, 51
- interhæmals, i, 49
- interhyal, i, 42, 45
- interneural, i, 48
- interopercle, i, 42, 45, 54
- interspinals, i, 49
- isthmus, i, 45
- maxillary, i, 41, 42
- mesopterygoid, i, 41, 42
- metapterygoid, i, 41, 42, 54
- nasal, i, 42, 53
- neural spine, i, 48
- neuropophysis, i, 48
- opercle, i, 42, 54
- opisthotic, i, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40
- palatine, i, 41, 42, 54
- parapophysis, i, 48
- parietal, i, 36, 37, 39, 40, 53
- parsasphenoid, i, 36, 38, 53
- pectoral fin, i, 42
- pelvic girdle, i, 42
- pharyngeals, i, 46, 47
- figure of, i, 47
- lower, i, 46
- suspensory, i, 46
- upper, i, 46
- postclavicle, i, 42, 51
- figured, i, 52
- postero-temporal, i, 50
- post-temporal, i, 42, 52
- prefrontal, i, 36, 37, 38, 53
- premaxillary, i, 42
- preopercle, i, 42, 54
- preorbital, i, 41, 42
- prootic, i, 36, 38, 53
- proscapula, i, 50
- pterotic, i, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 53
- pterygials, i, 51
- pterygoid, i, 41, 42, 54
- quadrate, i, 42, 43, 54
- ribs, i, 48
- scapula, i, 50
- shoulder-girdle, i, 42, 50, 51, 52
- sphenotic, i, 36, 37, 38, 53
- subopercle, i, 42, 54
- suborbital, i, 42
- supraclavicle, i, 42, 50
- supraoccipital, i, 36, 37, 38, 53
- suprascapula, i, 50
- supratemporal, i, 42, 50
- figured, i, 51
- symplectic, i, 42, 54
- urohyal, i, 42, 54
- ventral fin, i, 42
- vomer, i, 36, 37, 38, 53
- zygapophysis, i, 48
- bonito, ii, [264]
- bonnaterre, i, 397
- bony fish, i, 204, 454, 506; ii, [37]
- bony scales, i, 21
- Boops, i, 260, 267; ii, [348], [350]
- Borassus, ii, [367]
- Borelli, i, 390
- on air-bladder, i, 95
- Boreogadus, ii, [537]
- botolism, i, 183
- Bothinæ, ii, [487]
- Bothriocephalus, i, 345
- Bothriolepis, i, 577
- Bothus, ii, [486]
- Botryllidæ, i, 476
- Botryllus, i, 476; ii, [545]
- figure of, i, 477, 478, 479
- bottle-nosed chimæra,
- eggs of, figured, i, 127
- Bougainville, i, 395
- Boulenger, i, 360, 364, 370, 414, 428, 513, 600, 601, 606, 608, 609; ii, [41], [48], [128], [129], [136], [138], [158], [190], [485], [502], [522], [551]
- Bovichthyidæ, ii, [502]
- bowfin, i, 290, 440; ii, [33], [34]
- figure of, ii, [35]
- tail of, figured, i, 82
- Bowring,
- on noises by fishes, i, 168
- Brachydirus, i, 590
- Brachyistius, ii, [375]
- Brachymystax, ii, [62], [67]
- brain,
- of chimæra, i, 410, 411
- figures of, i, 110, 111
- Günther on, i, 109
- in hagfish, i, 112
- of lamprey, i, 112
- of perch, i, 111
- of pike, i, 109
- of primitive fishes, i, 112
- reflex action of, i, 153
- of shark, i, 110, 111
- Brama, ii, [135], [286]
- Bramidæ, ii, [291]
- family of, ii, [286]
- branch herring, ii, [49]
- branchial bones, i, 46
- Branchiostegi, i, 391
- Branchiostoma, i, 34, 35, 120, 383, 483
- eggs of, i, 131
- figure of, i, 484
- Branchiostomidæ, i, 484
- Brandt, i, 412
- Branner, i, 415
- Brayton, i, 420
- bream, ii, [163], [167]
- Bregmaceros, ii, [524]
- Bregmacerotidæ, ii, [524]
- Brevoort, i, 416
- Brevoortia, ii, [51]
- figure of, i, 340; ii, [51]
- brit, ii, [216], [217]
- broad-shad, ii, [347]
- broad-soles, ii, [495]
- Brongniart, i, 427, 428
- brook lamprey,
- figure of, i, 120, 505
- larva of, figured, i, 492
- mouth of, figured, i, 492
- Brooks,
- on Appendicularia, i, 480
- brook trout, ii, [99], [107], [108], [110], [113], [115]
- figure of, ii, [111]
- Brosme, ii, [539]
- Brosmius, ii, [539]
- Brosmophycis, ii, [524]
- Brotula,
- Brotulidæ, i, 314; ii, [523], [533]
- Brotulids, ii, [39], [524]
- Broussonet, i, 396
- Brown, i, 426
- Browne, i, 389
- brown tang,
- figure of, i, 181; ii, [408]
- Brünnich, i, 394
- Bryactinus, i, 565
- Brycon,
- figure of, ii, [162]
- Bryostemma,
- Bryttosus, i, 256; ii, [297], [320]
- buccal cirri, i, 595
- Buchanan,
- on hunting of Chaca, i, 170
- Buckland, i, 423
- Bucklandium, ii, [186]
- budai, ii, [390]
- buffalo-cod, ii, [440]
- Buffalo Creek, i, 309
- buffalo-fish, ii, [160], [172]
- figure of, ii, [173]
- shoulder-girdle of, i, 51
- buffalo sculpin,
- figure of, ii, [443]
- bulbus arteriosus, ii, [10], [11]
- bullhead, i, 356
- bullhead shark,
- figure of, i, 526
- bumpers, ii, [276]
- Bunocephalidæ, ii, [184]
- burbot, i, 209; ii, [538]
- figure of, ii, [539]
- Bürger, i, 414
- butter-fish, ii, [283], [284], [324], [512]
- butterfly fish, i, 440; ii, [381]
- figure of, i, 143; ii, [402]
- butterfly ray, i, 556
- butterfly sculpin,
- figure of, i, 288
- caballerote, ii, [335]
- cabezon, ii, [442]
- cabra mora,
- figure of, i, 20
- cabrilla, ii, [324], [328], [329]
- cachucho,
- figure of, ii, [337]
- Cælorhynchus,
- figure of, ii, [541]
- Cæsio, ii, [342]
- cagon de le alto, ii, [337]
- cají, ii, [336]
- Calamoichthys, i, 76, 89, 608
- Calamostoma, ii, [236]
- Calamus, i, 49, 238; ii, [344]
- calico-bass, ii, [297]
- calico-salmon, ii, [72]
- California lancelet,
- figure of, i, 484
- California miller's thumb,
- figure of, ii, [446]
- California hake,
- figure of, ii, [540]
- California pampano, ii, [283]
- California sucker,
- figure of, ii, [174]
- Callbreath,
- on running of salmon, ii, [86]
- Callechelys, ii, [150]
- Callichthyidæ, ii, [185]
- Callichthys, i, 290
- calling the fishes, i, 167, 168
- in Indian temples, i, 167
- in basins of Tuileries, i, 167
- Callionymidæ, ii, [506]
- Callionymus, i, 246, 257, 259, 263, 393, 500, 504
- Callipterygidæ, ii, [501]
- Callipteryx, ii, [501]
- Calliurus, i, 302
- Callorhynchus, i, 565, 566
- egg of figured, i, 127
- Callorhinus, ii, [537]
- Calotomus, ii, [390], [391]
- Camper, i, 389
- Campostoma, ii, [164]
- figure of, i, 33; ii, [167]
- Campyloprion, i, 529
- candil, ii, [255]
- candle-fish, ii, [124]
- Canestrini, i, 412
- Canobius, ii, [14]
- Canthidermis, ii, [413]
- Canthigaster, i, 206
- Cantor, i, 416
- on fighting-fish, i, 163
- Cape of Good Hope,
- as barrier, i, 269
- capelin,
- figure of, ii, [126]
- capello, i, 414
- capitaine,
- figure of, ii, [387]
- Capros, ii, [135], [398], [400]
- Caracanthidæ, ii, [438]
- Carangidæ, i, 144, 149, 210; ii, [15], [278], [470]
- family of, ii, [272]
- Carangopsis, ii, [278]
- Carangus, i, 169, 324; ii, [275], [276], [285]
- Carapidæ, ii, [522]
- Caraproctus, ii, [455]
- Carapus, ii, [520], [522]
- Carassius, ii, [171]
- figure of, i, 151
- Caranx, ii, [245], [275], [470], [542]
- Carboniferous,
- fishes, i, 437
- sharks, i, 224
- Carcharias, i, 447, 534, 543; ii, [468]
- figure of, i, 542
- Carchariidæ, i, 532, 534, 540, 542, 543
- carcharioid sharks, i, 540
- Carcharodon, i, 538
- Carcharopsis, i, 522
- cardenal, ii, [316]
- cardiform teeth, i, 29
- cardinal fishes, the, ii, [316]
- cardinal vein, i, 108
- Carencheli, ii, [140], [153], [155]
- caribe,
- Günther on, ii, [161]
- carnivorous fishes, i, 29
- carp, i, 21, 53, 93, 290; ii, [162], [164]
- Carpiodes, i, 302
- figure of, ii, [173]
- carp-sucker,
- figure of, ii, [173]
- carrying eggs in mouth, i, 170-173
- by catfish, i, 170
- casabe, ii, [276]
- Cassiquiare,
- Branner on, i, 307
- crossing by fishes, i, 307
- Castelnau, i, 415
- Castour, i, 396
- Castro,
- photograph by, ii, [522]
- catadromous fishes, i, 162, 291; ii, [143]
- Catalina flying-fish,
- figure of, ii, [214]
- catalineta, ii, [341]
- Catalogue,
- of Panama fishes, i, 272
- catalufa de lo alto,
- figure of, ii, [289]
- catalufa, ii, [288], [333]
- figure of, ii, [331]
- Catesby, i, 389
- catfish, i, 4, 20, 53, 119, 122,128, 169, 290, 440; ii, [159], [160], [177]-187
- African, ii, [185]
- channel, ii, [179]
- clavicle in, i, 87
- Cope on, i, 180
- descent from, ii, [186]
- destroyed by lampreys, i, 357
- electric, ii, [183]
- electric, figured, i, 186
- fossil, ii, [186]
- of India, ii, [184]
- Japanese, ii, [183]
- Old World, ii, [182]
- poison glands of, i, 180
- poison spine of, i, 179
- shoulder-girdle in, i, 86
- spines of, i, 179
- transfer to Sacramento, i, 310
- Catopteridæ, ii, [16]
- Catopterus, ii, [16]
- Catostomidæ, i, 46, 290; ii, [172], [175]
- family of, ii, [171]
- figure of, i, 315
- Catostomus, i, 198, 283, 302, 304, 316, 346; ii, [56]
- cat shark, i, 533
- Catulus, i, 533
- caudal fin, i, 10
- caudal lancet, ii, [409]
- Caularchus,
- figure of, i, 198, 531
- Caulolatilus, ii, [362]
- Caulolepis, ii, [252], [253]
- Caulophryne,
- figure of, i, 276, 548
- causes of dispersion, i, 318
- cavalla, ii, [266], [272]-292
- cavefish, ii, [201], [523], [524]
- Eigenmann on, ii, [524]
- figure of, i, 117
- Cebedichthys, ii, [512]
- Centaurus,
- larva of figured, i, 143
- centers of distribution, i, 244
- Centrarchidæ, i, 209, 232, 290; ii, [304], [320], [327], [380]
- family of, ii, [297]
- Centrarchus, i, 302; ii, [297]
- Centriscidæ, ii, [227], [235]
- family of, ii, [234]
- Centriscus, i, 393; ii, [235]
- Centrogenys, ii, [320]
- Centrolepis, ii, [14]
- Centrolophiidæ, ii, [283]
- Centrolophius, i, 260; ii, [286]
- Centrophoroides, i, 546
- Centrophorus, i, 546
- Centropomidæ, ii, [319]
- Centropomus, i, 271, 273; ii, [309]
- figure of, i, 324; ii, [319]
- Centropristes, i, 136; ii, [328], [329]
- eggs of, figured, i, 135
- Centroscymnus, i, 546
- Centrolabrus, ii, [387]
- Cephalacanthidæ, i, 208
- family of, ii, [458]
- Cephalacanthus, ii, [458]
- figure of, ii, [456]
- Cephalaspidæ, i, 576, 623
- Cephalaspis, i, 444, 569, 571
- figure of, i, 576, 577, 579
- Cephalopholis, ii, [324], [325]
- Cephaloscyllium, i, 197
- Cepola, i, 260, 264, 393; ii, [363]
- Cepolidæ, the, ii, [363]
- Ceratacanthus, ii, [414]
- Ceratias,
- figure of, ii, [548]
- Ceratiidæ, i, 276
- Ceratobatis, i, 560
- Ceratocottus, ii, [443]
- Ceratodontidæ, i, 600, 612
- family of, i, 613
- Ceratodus, i, 77, 85, 613-616
- Ceratoscopelus,
- figure of, ii, [133]
- Ceratiidæ, ii, [547]-549
- Cerdale, i, 271
- Cerdalidæ, ii, [516]
- cestodes, i, 344
- Cestraciont shark, i, 526, 527, 530
- Eastman on, i, 529
- teeth, figured, i, 527
- Cestraciontes, i, 438, 519, 566
- Eastman on, i, 529
- families of, i, 528
- suborder of, i, 526
- teeth of figured, i, 527, 529
- Cetomimidæ, ii, [132]
- Cetomimus,
- figure of, ii, [132]
- Cetorhinus,
- figure of, i, 540
- Cetorhinidæ,
- family of, i, 539
- Cette, i, 396
- Chaca, i, 170
- Chacidæ, ii, [184]
- Chænobryttus, i, 302; ii, [300]
- Chætobranchus, ii, [381]
- Chætodipterus,
- figure of, i, 325, 401
- Chætodon, i, 235, 242, 267, 391; ii, [400], [403], [405], [406]
- figure of, i, 143; ii, [402]
- Chætodontidæ, i, 206; ii, [245], [291], [381], [398], [402], [404], [405]
- Chætodonts, ii, [247]
- Chalacodus, i, 566
- Challenger, the, ii, [60], [130]
- Champsodon, ii, [361]
- Champsodontidæ, ii, [361]
- Chanos, i, 205; ii, [221]
- figure of, ii, [45]
- Chanidæ,
- family of, ii, [44]
- Channa,
- figure of, ii, [370]
- channel bass, ii, [355]
- channel catfish,
- figure of, i, 280
- channel-cats, the, ii, [179], [182]
- Channomuræna, ii, [153]
- Chanoides, ii, [44]
- Chapala Lake,
- fishes of, ii, [216]
- Characidæ, ii, [161], [162]
- Characin, i, 290
- Characinidæ, i, 205, 290; ii, [381]
- Characins, ii, [61], [160]-162, 186
- Characodon, ii, [201]
- characters,
- of Elasmobranchs, i, 507
- of species, i, 292
- Charitosomus, ii, [56]
- charr, ii, [67], [99], [107], [114], [122]
- Charlevoix, ii, [64]
- Chasmistes, i, 304, 316; ii, [172]
- Chasmodes, ii, [509]
- Chauliodontidæ, ii, [129]
- Chauliodus,
- figure of, ii, [129]
- Chaunax, ii, [551]
- Cheilio, ii, [390]
- Cheilinus, ii, [390]
- Cheilodipteridæ,
- family of, ii, [278]
- Cheilodipterus, ii, [278]
- figure of, ii, [279]
- Cheiracanthus, i, 517
- Cheirodopsis, ii, [15]
- Cheirodus, ii, [14]
- Cheirolepis, ii, [14]
- Chelidonichthys, i, 260; ii, [456]
- Chelmo, ii, [404]
- Chelonichthyidæ, i, 586
- Chelonopsis, ii, [425]
- Chonerhinus, ii, [419]
- cherna, ii, [324]
- chevron, ii, [89]
- chiasma, ii, [4]
- Chiasmodon, ii, [136]
- figure of, i, 29; ii, [360]
- Chiasmodontidæ, ii, [215], [360]
- Chilobranchidæ, ii, [141]
- Chilomycterus,
- figure of, ii, [423]
- Chiloscyllium, i, 56, 533
- pectoral fin of, i, 66
- Chimæra, i, 23, 35, 85, 204, 393, 435, 437, 448, 507, 509, 512-514, 545, 561-567, 595, 610
- of California, i, 564
- Dean on, i, 563
- figure of, i, 449, 564, 565
- Parker on, i, 563
- Chimæridæ,
- family of, i, 564
- Chimæroids, i, 224, 583
- Chimæropsis, i, 566
- China fish,
- snake-headed, ii, [371]
- Chinese whitebait, ii, [127], [128]
- chinook, ii, [69]
- chirivita, ii, [405]
- Chirocentridæ, ii, [46]
- Chirocentrus, ii, [46], [48]
- Chirolophis, ii, [512]
- Chiropterygium, i, 600, 605
- Chirostoma,
- figure of, i, 329; ii, [217]
- Chirothricidæ, ii, [133]
- Chirothrix,
- chisel-mouth, ii, [169]
- Chlamydoselachidæ,
- family of, i, 525
- Chlamydoselachus, i, 361, 447, 448, 509, 521, 536
- figure of, i, 523
- Chlarias, i, 98, 290; ii, [186], [187]
- figure of, i, 457; ii, [185]
- Chlariidæ, ii, [184], [185]
- Chlevastes, ii, [150]
- figure of, i, 232
- Chloropthalmus, i, 260; ii, [130]
- Chloroscombrus, ii, [276]
- chochouwo, ii, [403]
- chogset, ii, [387]
- Chologaster, i, 203, 204, 223
- Chondrenchelys, i, 521
- Chondropterygians, i, 508
- Chondropterygii, i, 391
- Chondrostei, i, 623, 624; ii, [2], [5], [13]
- order of, ii, [17]
- Chondrosteidæ, ii, [17], [18]
- Chondrosteus, i, 622
- Chonerhinidæ, ii, [419]
- Chopa, ii, [344], [350]
- figure of, ii, [349]
- Chordata, i, 460
- Chordate animals, i, 460
- lowest forms figured, i, 465
- Chordates, i, 508, 584, 597; ii, [1]
- Chorisochismus, ii, [531]
- Chriodorus, ii, [212]
- Chromides,
- suborder of, ii, [380]
- Chromis, i, 166; ii, [381]
- Chrondrosteus,
- figure of, ii, [18]
- Chrosomus, i, 304; ii, [164], [167]
- chub, ii, [118], [147], [163]
- chub of Great Basin,
- figure of, i, 287
- chub-mackerel, i, 94
- chub-sucker, i, 292
- figure of, i, 315; ii, [172]
- chum, ii, [72]
- cichla, ii, [380]
- Cichlasoma, ii, [381]
- cichlid, i, 290
- Cichlidæ, i, 209, 290; ii, [380], [381]
- organs of smell in, i, 115
- cigar-fish, ii, [274]
- ciguatera, i, 182-185; ii, [335], [411], [413]
- Cimolichthys, ii, [133]
- Ciona, i, 481
- Cirrhilabrus, ii, [390]
- Cirrhitidæ, the, ii, [363], [426]
- Cirrhitus, i, 271
- figure of, ii, [364]
- Cirrostomi, i, 482, 595
- cisco, ii, [65]
- Citharichthys, i, 274; ii, [489]
- Citharinus, ii, [162]
- Citula, i, 202; ii, [276]
- Cladistia, i, 602
- order of, i, 605
- Cladodontidæ, i, 520, 522
- Cladodus, i, 65, 80, 437
- pectoral fin of, i, 521
- shoulder-girdle in, i, 521
- teeth of, figured, i, 522
- Cladoselache, i, 64, 66, 79, 80, 437, 446, 448, 510, 571, 573, 623
- Dean on, i, 518
- figure of, i, 65, 514, 515
- primitive character of, i, 514
- teeth of, figured, i, 515
- ventral view of, i, 515
- Cladoselachidæ, i, 514
- family of, i, 523
- clam-cracker, i, 556
- Clark,
- on eulachon, ii, [125]
- Clarke, i, 416
- claspers, i, 124, 125
- classification,
- Coues on, i, 370
- of Elasmobranchs, i, 509, 510
- of fishes, i, 367-386
- of instincts, i, 154
- morphological, i, 371
- natural, i, 370
- terms used in, i, 462
- Clastes,
- Eastman on, ii, [32]
- Clavellinidæ, i, 475
- clavicle,
- figure of, i, 87
- of sea catfish, i, 87
- Claypole, i, 426
- portrait of, i, 409
- cleavages, i, 135
- Clepticus, ii, [388]
- Clidoderma, ii, [494]
- Climatius, i, 446
- figure of, i, 518
- climbing-fish, ii, [367]
- climbing-perch,
- figure of, ii, [366]
- clingfish, ii, [529]
- Clinocottus, ii, [448]
- Clinton, ii, [64]
- Clinus, i, 208; ii, [507], [511], [513], [516]
- Cloquet, i, 397
- Cloudy Bay cod, ii, [520]
- Clupanodon, ii, [53]
- Clupea, i, 204, 329, 391
- figure of, i, 331, ii, [49]
- Clupeidæ, i, 204, 290; ii, [49], [52], [53]
- clupeiform, ii, [11]
- clupeoid, ii, [10]
- Clupeidea, the, ii, [41]
- coalfish, i, 209; ii; 438, 537
- Coal measures,
- fishes of, i, 223
- teeth found in, i, 65
- Costa, i, 412
- coast lines,
- effect on distribution, i, 248
- cobbler-fish, ii, [276]
- cobia, ii, [282]
- Cobitidæ, ii, [175], [185]
- Cobitis, i, 391; ii, [176]
- Cobitopsidæ,
- family of, ii, [224]
- Cobitopsis,
- figure of, ii, [224]
- Coccoderma, i, 605
- Coccosteans, i, 581
- Coccosteidæ, i, 622, 623, 584, 586
- Coccosteus, i, 583, 584, 587, 590, 593, 596, 623
- figure of, i, 582
- cochino, ii, [413]
- Cochliodontidæ, i, 530
- family of, i, 531
- Cochliodus,
- lower jaw figured, i, 531
- cock-and-hen paddle, ii, [453]
- cock-of-palace-under-sea, ii, [472]
- cockeye pilot,
- figure of, ii, [382]
- Coccolepis, ii, [14]
- cod, ii, [51]
- codfish, i, 122, 128, 290; ii, [481], [501], [532], [533]
- codling, ii, [538]
- Cœlacanthidæ, i, 605
- Cœlacanthus,
- figure of, i, 604
- Cœlolepia, i, 573
- Cœlodus, ii, [22]
- Cœlolepidæ, i, 573
- coho, ii, [72]
- collection of fishes, i, 429-434
- by explosives, i, 430
- by poison, i, 430
- tackle for, i, 430
- Collett, i, 408, 427
- portrait of, i, 403
- Collie, i, 564
- Collins,
- Cololabis, ii, [212]
- Colocephali, ii, [140]-142, 153
- suborder of, ii, [152]
- Colomesus, ii, [421]
- Colorado trout,
- figure of, ii, [106]
- colors of fishes, i, 226-236
- of coral-fishes, i, 235
- fading of, in spirits, i, 235
- intensity of, i, 232
- nuptial, i, 230
- protective, i, 226-229
- sexual, i, 230
- variation of, i, 235
- Columbia,
- figure of, ii, [242]
- Comephoridæ, the, ii, [455]
- Comephorus, ii, [524]
- Commerson, i, 395
- commissure, i, 112
- common eel,
- figure of, ii, [143]
- common skate,
- figure of, i, 552
- common sucker,
- figure of, ii, [174]
- common sunfish,
- figure of, i, 7, 13; ii, [301]
- conceptions of genus, i, 375
- Conchopona, i, 613
- conclusions,
- of Cope on dispersion, i, 286
- of Evermann, i, 274
- of Hill, 277-279
- as to Isthmus of Suez, i, 269
- of Jenkins, i, 274
- conger eels, ii, [149], [151]
- figure of, ii, [150]
- Congiopodidæ, ii, [436]
- Congiopus, ii, [436]
- Congo River,
- fishes from, i, 78, 607
- Congriopus, ii, [514]
- Congrogadidæ, ii, [519]
- Connoly,
- on calling fishes, i, 168
- Conocara, ii, [60]
- Conodontes, i, 487
- figure of, i, 488
- Conorhynchus, i, 128
- constantino, ii, [320]
- Cooper, i, 419
- on long-jawed goby, ii, [463]
- Cope, i, 84, 311, 419, 428, 512, 602; ii, [1], [4], [13], [24], [35], [56], [159]
- Copeland, i, 420
- portrait of, i, 421
- Copelandellus, ii, [315]
- Coquille, i, 408
- coracoid, i, 88, 90
- coraco-scapular, i, 87
- coral reefs,
- at Apia, figured, i, 234
- fishes of, i, 235, 297
- fish life in, i, 215
- Corax,
- teeth of, figured, i, 543
- Coregoni, ii, [67]
- Coregonus, i, 291, 305, 316, 322, 391; ii, [62], [65], [439]
- figure of, i, 321; ii, [63]
- Coreoperca, ii, [320]
- Coris, ii, [390]
- cormorant-fishing, ii, [116]-119
- illustrations of, i, 333, 335
- cornet-fishes, ii, [390]
- family of, ii, [233]
- Cornide, i, 396
- coronado, ii, [274]
- corpus vestiforme, i, 112
- corsair, ii, [430]
- Corvula, ii, [355]
- Corynolophus, i, 189; ii, [549]
- figure of, i, 188
- luminous bulb in, i, 188
- Coryphæna, i, 210, 391
- figure of, ii, [287]
- Coryphænidæ,
- family of, ii, [286]
- Coryphænoides,
- figure of, i, 83; ii, [541]
- leptocercal, tail of, i, 83
- Coryphopterus, ii, [462]
- Corythroichthys, ii, [236]
- Costa, i, 412
- Cottidæ, i, 208, 290; ii, [363], [442], [449], [453], [455], [501], [504], [525]
- family of, i, 441
- fossil forms, i, 449
- Cottocomephorus, ii, [525]
- Cottogaster, i, 300
- Cottunculus, i, 219; ii, [441], [447], [449]
- Cottus, i, 169, 219, 312, 391; ii, [443], [445], [449]
- Couch, i, 410
- on fighting-fish, i, 165
- on skippers, ii, [21]
- Coues,
- on classification, i, 368
- on meaning of species, i, 379
- on synonymy, i, 374
- cowfish,
- cow's tongue, ii, [497]
- crab-eater, ii, [282]
- Cragin, i, 171
- craig-fluke, ii, [494]
- Cramer, i, 408, 420, 422
- cramp-fishes, i, 554
- cranial nerves,
- figure of, i, 111
- Craniomi,
- suborder of, ii, [456]
- Craniotes, i, 588
- cranium,
- bones of, i, 36-39
- inferior view, i, 38
- lateral view, i, 36
- posterior view, i, 40
- of Roccus, figured, i, 36-39
- of Sebastolobus, i, 53
- superior view, i, 37
- crappie, ii, [168], [297]
- Cratinus, i, 271
- cravo, ii, [244]
- crawl-a-bottom, ii, [312]
- crayfish, ii, [147]
- creek fish,
- figure of, i, 315; ii, [172]
- Crenilabrus, i, 207, 260, 267; ii, [387]
- creole-fish, ii, [328], [329]
- Crescent lake trout, ii, [101]
- Cricodus, i, 603
- Cristiceps, i, 208; ii, [508], [513]
- Cristivomer, i, 291; ii, [62], [115]
- figure of, ii, [114]
- croaker, ii, [353], [355]
- Cromeriidæ, ii, [56]
- cross-bow shooter, ii, [413]
- Crossognathidæ, ii, [215], [521]
- family of, ii, [224]
- Crossopholis, ii, [21]
- Crossopterygians, i, 78, 79, 89, 91, 204, 436, 457, 511-515, 591, 602, 623, 624; ii, [38]
- figure of, i, 451
- fins of, i, 601
- Crossopterygii, i, 382, 462, 599, 600, 601, 608
- crustacean parasites, i, 340
- Cryptacanthididæ, ii, [516]
- Cryptacanthodes,
- figure of, i, 516
- Cryptocentrus, i, 264; ii, [462]
- Cryptopsaras,
- figure of, ii, [547]
- Cryptotomus,
- figure of, ii, [391]
- crystal darter,
- figure of, ii, [313]
- crystal goby, ii, [466]
- Crystallias,
- figure of, i, 218; ii, [454]
- Crystallogobius, ii, [466]
- Ctenochætus, ii, [409]
- Ctenodentex, ii, [340]
- Ctenodipterini,
- order of, i, 612
- Ctenodontidæ, i, 613
- Ctenodus, i, 613
- ctenoid scales, i, 20, 21; ii, [39]
- Ctenoidei, ii, [39], [209]
- Ctenolabrus, ii, [387]
- Ctenolates, ii, [320]
- Ctenoptychius, i, 555
- Ctenothrissa,
- figure of, ii, [48]
- Ctenothrissidæ,
- figure of, ii, [48]
- cuatro ojos, ii, [194]
- Cuban fishes, i, 314
- cubero, ii, [335]
- cuboid, i, 19
- cub-shark,
- figure of, i, 542
- cuckold, ii, [417]
- figure of, i, 373; ii, [416]
- cucugo, ii, [413]
- cultus cod, ii, [442]
- figure of, ii, [440]
- Cunias, i, 541
- cunner, ii, [387]
- Cunningham,
- on eye of flounder, i, 176
- Curimatus, ii, [162]
- cusk-eel, i, 187, 314; ii, [539]
- figure of, ii, [520]
- cutlass-fishes, i, 149, 210; ii, [267]
- cutthroat trout, ii, [95]-97, 102, 104, 106
- Cuvier, i, 103, 105, 400, 404, 428; ii, [39], [307]
- Günther on, i, 400
- Lyman on, i, 401
- portrait of, i, 399
- Cycleptus, ii, [173]
- Cycliæ, i, 204, 437, 462, 592, 593
- subclass of, i, 591
- Cyclobatis, i, 557
- Cycloganoidei, ii, [34]
- cycloid scales, i, 20, 22; ii, [39]
- Cycloidei, ii, [39]
- Cyclopterichthys, ii, [454]
- Cyclopteridæ, i, 198, 208
- family of, ii, [453]
- Cyclopterus, i, 391; ii, [453], [455]
- figure of, i, 220; ii, [454]
- Cyclospondyli, i, 510, 543
- order of, i, 545
- cyclospondylous, i, 49
- cyclospondylous sharks, i, 549
- Cyclostomata, i, 593
- Cyclostomes, i, 113, 443, 486-505, 570, 596, 592, 617
- extinct forms, i, 487
- Cyclostomi, i, 462, 584
- Cyclothone, ii, [129]
- Cyclurus, ii, [36]
- Cymatogaster, ii, [376]
- figure of, i, 125; ii, [372]
- Cymolutes, ii, [390]
- Cymothoa, i, 340
- Cynoglossinæ, ii, [497]
- Cynoglossus, ii, [497]
- Cynoscion, i, 94, 324; ii, [107]
- figure of, ii, [353]
- Cynthia,
- figure of, i, 476
- Cynthiidæ, i, 475
- Cyprinidæ, i, 33, 46, 205, 230, 251, 285, 287, 290, 406; ii, [65], [161], [162], [164]-171
- Cyprinodon, ii, [198], [201]
- figure of, ii, [196]
- Cyprinodontes, ii, [194]
- Cyprinodontidæ, i, 290
- Cyprinus, i, 391; ii, [170], [174]
- Cypselurus, ii, [213]
- figure of, i, 157, 440
- Cyrthaspis, i, 575
- Cyttoides, ii, [249]
- Cyttus, ii, [249]
- dabonawa, i, 430
- dace, i, 251; ii, [118], [162], [166], [168]
- Dactylagnus, ii, [506]
- Dactyloscopidæ, ii, [506]
- Dactyloscopus, ii, [506]
- daddy sculpin, ii, [445]
- Dalatias, i, 546
- Dalatiidæ, i, 548
- Daldorf,
- on capture of Anabas, i, 163
- on climbing-fish, ii, [367]
- Dale, ii, [539]
- Dallia, i, 51
- figure of, i, 149; ii, [206]
- Dalliidæ, i, 290; ii, [206]
- Damalichthys,
- figure of, ii, [374]
- damsel-fish, ii, [381]
- figure of, ii, [382]
- Dapediidæ, ii, [25]
- Dapedium,
- figure of, ii, [25]
- Dapedoglossus, ii, [56]
- darters, i, 209, 231, 300, 304; ii, [166], [306], [310]-315
- darter goby,
- figure of, ii, [462]
- Darwin, i, 408
- on noises of catfish, i, 168
- daruma-okose, ii, [436]
- Dasyatidæ,
- family of, i, 555
- Dasyatis,
- figure of, i, 247, 556
- Dasyscopelus, ii, [133]
- Davis, H. S., ii, [81], [84]
- on chinook salmon, ii, [85]
- Davis, J. W., i, 426
- on fossil teeth, i, 525
- Dawson, i, 427, 594
- Day, i, 416; ii, [90], [92], [95]
- day chub,
- head of, figured, ii, [167]
- dealfish, ii, [477], [480]
- figure of, ii, [478]
- Dean, i, 512, 591, 594, 595
- on Acanthodei, i, 517, 518
- on Arthrodira, i, 518, 588
- on Chimæras, i, 563
- on fin migration, i, 75
- on fossil forms, i, 422
- on lateral line, i, 23
- on lung-fish, i, 618
- on Ostracophores, i, 571
- portrait of, i, 417
- on sharks, i, 511, 531
- on Teleosts, i, 135
- Deania, i, 546
- deathfish, i, 183
- Death Valley fish,
- figure of, ii, [199]
- Decapterus, ii, [274]
- decurrent flounder,
- figure of, i, 441
- deep-sea angler,
- figure of, ii, [548]
- deep-sea Chimæra,
- figure of, i, 449
- deep-sea fishes, i, 246, 247, 408; ii, [129]
- degenerate fishes, i, 210, 211, 216, 218
- degeneration,
- of eye, i, 220
- in fishes, i, 54
- in lamprey, i, 217
- of structure, i, 216
- in tunicates, i, 480
- Delaroche, i, 95
- Dekay, i, 418
- Delfin,
- on hagfishes, i, 489
- Deltistes, ii, [172]
- Deltodus, i, 531
- Dendrodus, i, 603
- dentary, i, 606
- Dentex, i, 94; ii, [338], [340]
- Dercetes, ii, [136]
- Dercetidæ, ii, [136], [137], [158]
- Derepodichthyidæ, ii, [520]
- Derichthyidæ, ii, [155]
- Derichthys, ii, [153]
- figure of, ii, [156]
- Dermopteri, i, 486
- Desmarest, i, 396
- development, i, 217
- of bony fishes, i, 135
- Dean on, i, 135
- embryonic, i, 133
- of flounders, i, 144
- heredity in, i, 134
- of horsehead-fish, i, 148
- of paired fins, i, 66
- devil ray,
- figure of, i, 559
- De Vis, i, 416
- Devonian,
- fishes, i, 436
- lamprey, i, 563
- sharks from, i, 65
- Diabasis, i, 375
- diablo, ii, [552]
- Dialarchus, ii, [448]
- Dialommus, i, 117
- diamond,
- Diaphus, ii, [133]
- figure of, ii, [132]
- Dibothrium, 345
- figure of, ii, [103]
- Dibranchus, i, 207; ii, [552]
- Dicentrodus, i, 522
- Dicentrarchus, i, 324; ii, [321], [330]
- dichotomous rays, i, 596
- Dicranodus, i, 521
- Dictyorhabdidæ, i, 565
- Dictyorhabdus, i, 435, 565, 578
- Dictyopyge, ii, [16]
- Dictyopygidæ, ii, [14]
- Dictyosoma, 512
- Didemnidæ, i, 477
- Didymaspis, i, 576
- Didymodus, i, 521, 525
- Dinematichthys, ii, [524]
- Dinichthyidæ, i, 587
- Dinichthys, i, 587, 589
- figure of, i, 445, 584
- jaws of figured, i, 583
- Diodon, i, 273, 393, 394
- figure of, i, 17; ii, [422]
- Diodontidæ,
- family of, ii, [422]
- diœcious fishes, i, 124
- diphycercal tail, i, 49, 81, 83, 84, 507, 513, 516, 598
- Boulenger on, i, 84
- Dollo on, i, 84
- Diplacanthidæ, i, 517, 518
- Diplacanthus,
- figure of, i, 517
- Diplectrum, ii, [329]
- Diplesion,
- figure of, i, 247; ii, [312]
- Diplodus, ii, [347]
- figure of, ii, [346]
- Diplognathus, i, 584, 589
- Diplomystes, ii, [178]
- Diplomystidæ, ii, [178]
- Diplomystus,
- figure of, i, 205, 453; ii, [52]
- Diploneumoni, i, 612, 619
- Diploprion, ii, [327]
- Diplopterus, i, 82, 604
- Diplospondyli, i, 509, 523
- Diplurus, i, 605
- Dipneusti, i, 405, 462, 582, 599, 601, 605, 607, 622, 624; ii, [4]
- relationship of, i, 609, 610
- subclass of, i, 609-622
- Dipnoans, i, 436, 512, 572, 582, 583; ii, [3], [8]
- air-bladder in, i, 101
- classification of, i, 612
- ear sac in, i, 120
- figure of, i, 449
- pectoral fin in, i, 60
- shoulder-girdle in, i, 86, 88
- Dipnoi, i, 77, 85, 89, 382
- Diptera, ii, [306]
- Dipteridæ, i, 612
- Dipterus, i, 612
- figure of, i, 437, 449
- Discobatis, i, 553
- Discocephali, ii, [459]-480
- diseases of fishes, i, 340-358
- contagious, i, 340
- parasitic, i, 342
- remedies for, i, 342
- Dismal Swamp fish,
- figure of, i, 116; ii, [201]
- dispersion of fishes,
- Agassiz on, i, 284
- barriers to, i, 297, 310, 311
- causes of, i, 318
- Cope on, i, 286
- by floods, i, 301
- of fresh-water fishes, 282-296
- of river fishes, 297-319
- dissection of the fish, i, 26-33
- Distomidæ, i, 477
- distribution of fishes,
- affected by coast line, i, 247, 261
- agency of currents in, i, 242
- centers of, i, 243
- determined by temperature, i, 241
- of fresh-water forms, i, 249
- general laws of, i, 238
- of marine forms, i, 245
- Panama, barrier to, i, 266
- of shore fishes, i, 263-265
- Suez, barrier to, i, 266
- zones of, i, 249, 251, 252
- Ditrema, ii, [375]
- Dittodus, i, 521, 525
- doctor-fish, ii, [408]
- Döderlein, i, 411, 416
- dogfishes, i, 519
- figure of, i, 545
- dogoro, ii, [381]
- dog salmon, ii, [71]-73, 80, 81
- dog snapper, ii, [336]
- Dolichoglossus, i, 463
- Doliolum, i, 479
- dollar-fish, ii, [283]
- Dollo, i, 415, 427, 600, 601; ii, [502]
- portrait of, i, 413
- on tail forms, i, 84
- Dolloa, ii, [541]
- Dolly Varden trout, i, 305; ii, [112], [113]
- figure of, i, 327; ii, [114]
- dolphins, i, 210; ii, [286], [362]
- figure of, ii, [287]
- Doncella,
- Donovan, i, 410
- dorados, ii, [286]
- figure of, ii, [287]
- Doras, ii, [183]
- Doratonotus, ii, [388]
- Dormeur,
- figure of, ii, [460]
- Dormitator,
- figure of, ii, [461]
- dorsal fin, i, 10, 603
- figured, i, 49
- Dorosoma, i, 32, 300
- figure of, ii, [53]
- Dorosomatidæ, ii, [53]
- Dorosomidæ, i, 290
- Doryichthys, ii, [236]
- Dorypteridæ, ii, [14]-16
- Dorypterus, ii, [15], [16]
- Draciscus,
- figure of, ii, [452]
- Draconetta, ii, [506]
- Draconettidæ, ii, [506]
- dragonets, i, 246; ii, [504]
- drawing net at Milo,
- photograph of, i, 281
- Drepane, ii, [401]
- Drepanaspidæ, i, 574
- Drepanaspis, i, 570
- figure of, i, 574
- Drepanidæ, ii, [401]
- Drepaniodus, i, 488
- drum, i, 290
- figure of, ii, [358]
- duck-billed eels, ii, [150], [151]
- Ductor, ii, [278]
- ducts, i, 28
- ductus cholidechus, i, 32
- Dufosse,
- on air-bladder, i, 97
- Dugès, i, 90, 420
- Dugunonutatatori, ii, [472]
- Duméril, i, 398, 401
- duodenum, i, 32
- Dussumieriidæ, ii, [52]
- Dussumieria, ii, [52]
- Duverncy, i, 390
- Duymæria, i, 260; ii, [390]
- dwarf,
- Dybowsky, i, 411
- Dynatobatis, i, 553
- Dysommidæ, ii, [150]
- Dytiscus, ii, [144]
- eagle ray,
- figure of, i, 558
- early writers on fishes, i, 272, 422, 423
- earliest sharks, i, 436, 443
- ear of fish, i, 119-121
- ear sac, i, 119, 120
- ear stones, i, 119
- earthquakes,
- fatal to fishes, i, 356; ii, [137]
- Eastman, i, 427, 428
- on Cestraciont shark, i, 529
- on Clastes, ii, [32]
- on Neoceratodus, i, 619
- portrait of, i, 425
- on teeth of Edestus, i, 530
- Ebisu, the god of fishes, ii, [344]
- figure of, ii, [343]
- Ebisus, ii, [323]
- Echeneididæ, ii, [468], [470]
- Echeneis, i, 391; ii, [468], [470], [471]
- Echidna, i, 211; ii, [152], [153]
- Echidnocephalus, ii, [138]
- Echinorhinidæ,
- family of, i, 547
- Echinorhinus, i, 547
- Echiodon, i, 84
- economic fishes, i, 333
- ectoblast, i, 152
- ectocoracoid, i, 87
- ectoderm, i, 139
- ectopterygoid, i, 606
- Edaphodon, i, 565
- Edestus,
- teeth of, figured, i, 529
- eel-back flounder,
- figure of, ii, [494]
- eel-fairs, ii, [142]
- eel-like fishes, ii, [137]-158
- eel-mother, ii, [144]
- eel-pouts,
- eels, i, 21, 210, 217, 268, 290; ii, [40], [44], [147], [153], [157]
- effects on distribution,
- of shore line, i, 262
- of temperature, i, 149
- Egerton, i, 423
- Egertonia, ii, [396]
- eggs of fish,
- artificial impregnation of, i, 150
- of bottle-nosed chimæra, i, 127
- care of, i, 128
- carrying of, i, 128, 171
- of Embiotocidæ, i, 127
- embryo of, i, 128
- fertilization of, i, 125
- figures of, i, 127
- germ disk in, i, 135
- hatching of, i, 125
- of herring, i, 125
- month incubation of, i, 170, 171
- transportation of, i, 171
- Eichwald, i, 411, 427
- Eigenmann, i, 415, 420; ii, [147], [148], [376]
- Eigenmannia, ii, [187]
- eighteen-spined sculpin,
- figure of, ii, [447]
- Ekström, i, 410
- Elacate, ii, [282], [470], [471]
- Elagatis, ii, [274]
- Elanura,
- figure of, ii, [444]
- Elasmobranchiates, i, 384
- Elasmobranchii, i, 462, 507, 584; ii, [7]
- Elasmobranchs, i, 92, 102, 204, 506-522, 571, 583, 588, 589
- characters of, i, 506-508
- classification of, i, 507-510
- ear sac in, i, 120
- geological distribution of, i, 459
- notochord in, i, 57
- subclass of, i, 507
- Elassoma, i, 290; ii, [296], [307], [467]
- figure of, ii, [295]
- Elassomidæ, i, 290; ii, [296]
- family of, ii, [295]
- elastic spring, i, 96
- Elater, i, 582
- electric catfish,
- figure of, ii, [183]
- electric cells, i, 553
- electric eel, i, 186; ii, [140]
- Day on, i, 170
- electric organs, i, 25, 186, 187
- electrophores, ii, [187], [188]
- Electrophoridæ, ii, [187]
- Electrophorus, i, 170, 186
- Eleotrids, ii, [460]
- Eleotris, i, 254
- figure of, ii, [460]
- Elera, i, 414
- Eleginus, ii, [537]
- elephant sharks, i, 540
- figure of, i, 565
- Elliott,
- on trout, ii, [105]
- Elonichthys, ii, [14]
- Elopidæ, i, 43; ii, [35], [41]-44
- Elopopsis, ii, [43]
- Elops, i, 205, 393; ii, [43], [221]
- figure of, i, 454; ii, [42]
- Embiotoca, i, 404
- Embiotocidæ, i, 207, 290; ii, [373]
- Agassiz on, i, 377-379
- anal fin in, i, 125
- viviparity of, i, 376, 377
- Emblemaria,
- figure of, ii, [510]
- embryo, i, 136, 138, 139
- embryology and growth, i, 131-151
- Embolichthys, ii, [522]
- figure of, ii, [521]
- emerald-fish, ii, [462]
- Emery, i, 412; ii, [480], [481]
- Emmelichthys, i, 262; ii, [346], [347]
- Emmydrichthys,
- figure of, i, 180; ii, [436]
- Empetrichthys,
- figure of, ii, [199]
- Empo, ii, [137]
- Enantioliparis, ii, [455]
- Enchelurus, ii, [138]
- Enchelycephali, ii, [140], [141], [147], [152]
- suborder of, ii, [142]
- Enchelynassa, ii, [153]
- Enchelyopus,
- figure of, ii, [539]
- Enchodontidæ, ii, [136], [137]
- Enchodus, ii, [136]
- Endoskeleton, i, 439
- Enedrias, ii, [512]
- Engraulididæ, ii, [54]
- Engraulis, i, 205; ii, [54]
- Enneacanthus, ii, [301]
- Enophrys,
- figure of, ii, [443]
- Enoplosidæ, ii, [317]
- Enoplosus, i, 268; ii, [317]
- Enteropneusta, i, 457, 461, 462
- classification of, i, 464
- entoderm, i, 138
- Entosphenus, i, 490
- entozoa, i, 348
- Eocottus, ii, [449]
- Eomyrus, ii, [150]
- Eopsetta, i, 205; 491
- Eothynnus, ii, [266]
- Epelasmia, ii, [397], [398]
- Eperlanus, ii, [123]
- Ephippidæ, ii, [400]
- Ephippus, i, 268; ii, [400]
- epiblast, ii, [5]
- Epigonichthys, i, 483
- Epigonus, ii, [317]
- Epinephelus, i, 19; ii, [323], [330]
- figure of, i, 20; ii, [324]-326, 328
- Epiphysis, i, 112
- figure of, i, 111
- Eptatretidæ, i, 489
- Eptatretus, i, 490
- figure of, i, 198
- equatorial fishes,
- specialization of, i, 248
- equatorial zone, i, 251
- Eques, ii, [357]
- Equula, ii, [287]
- Erebus, i, 408
- Ereunias,
- figure of, ii, [450]
- Ereuniidæ, ii, [449]
- Ericymba,
- figure of, ii, [165]
- Erimyzon, i, 292; ii, [175]
- figure of, i, 315; ii, [172]
- Eriptychius, i, 435, 603, 578
- Erisichthe, ii, [34]
- Erismatopteridæ, ii, [242], [296]
- Erismatopterus, ii, [243]
- figure of, ii, [242]
- Ernogrammus, ii, [513]
- Erosa, ii, [436]
- Erpetichthys, i, 204
- Erpetoichthys, i, 450
- figure of, i, 608
- Erpichthys, i, 608; ii, [510]
- Erythrichthys, ii, [347]
- Erythrinidæ, ii, [162]
- Erythrinus, ii, [160]
- escolars, ii, [267], [317]
- Esmarck, i, 410
- Esmeralda, ii, [462]
- esmeralda de mar,
- figure of, ii, [461]
- Esocidæ, i, 290; ii, [190], [192]
- Esox, i, 109, 253, 315, 327, 391; ii, [190], [194]
- figure of, i, 328; ii, [192]
- Etelis, i, 262; ii, [338]
- figure of, ii, [337]
- Etheostoma, i, 129, 283; ii, [310], [315]
- figure of, i, 231; ii, [314]
- Etheostominæ, i, 230, 232; ii, [166], [306], [307], [310]
- ethmoid, ii, [142]
- Etmopterus,
- figure of, i, 189, 546
- etrumei-iwashi, ii, [52]
- Etrumeus, ii, [52]
- Eucalia, ii, [232]
- Eucitharus,
- figure of, ii, [488]
- Eucinostomus, ii, [347]
- Eugnathidæ, ii, [26]
- eulachon, i, 321; ii, [19], [125], [126]
- figure of, i, 320; ii, [124]
- Euleptorhamphus, ii, [212]
- Eumicrotremus, ii, [135]
- Euphaneropidæ, i, 576
- Euphrosen, i, 396
- Eupomotis, i, 283
- figure of, i, 7, 13; ii, [301]
- European chub,
- pharyngeals of, i, 48
- teeth of, figured, ii, [164]
- European lancelet,
- figure of, i, 120
- European sculpin,
- figure of, i, 219
- European soles, ii, [496]
- Eurylepis, ii, [14]
- Eurynotus,
- figure of, ii, [15]
- Eurypharyngidæ, ii, [156]
- Eurypharynx, ii, [156]
- Eurypholis,
- Euselachii, i, 532
- Eusthenopteron, i, 603
- Eutæniichthys,
- figure of, ii, [467]
- Euthynotus, ii, [34]
- Evenchelys, ii, [153]
- Eventognathi, i, 405; ii, [160], [162]
- everglade minnow,
- figure of, ii, [197]
- everglade pigmy perch,
- figure of, ii, [295]
- Evermann, ii, [69], [100], [103], [354]
- on Panama fishes, i, 274
- portrait of, i, 421
- on Two Ocean Pass, i, 307-310
- Evermannellidæ, ii, [135]
- Evermannella, ii, [136]
- Eviota, ii, [460], [467]
- evolution of fishes, i, 223-225, 435-459
- Dean on, i, 223
- Exerpes,
- figure of, i, 276; ii, [511]
- Exocœtidæ, ii, [210], [211], [214]
- Exocœtoididæ, ii, [134]
- Exocœtoides, ii, [133]
- Exocœtus, i, 391; ii, [213]
- Exoglossum,
- head of, figured, ii, [167]
- Exonautes, ii, [213]
- exoskeleton, i, 20
- Exostoma, ii, [184]
- extension of Indian fauna, i, 267
- exterior of fish, i, 16-25
- external gills,
- figure of, i, 78, 602
- Kerr on, i, 76
- Mauer on, i, 77
- Orr on, i, 77
- Rusconi on, i, 77
- extinction of species, i, 240
- causes of, i, 241
- Eyclesheimer, i, 428
- Eydoux, i, 408
- eye of fish, i, 119
- eye of flounder,
- in larval stage, i, 174
- migration of, i, 173-176
- Williams on, i, 174-178
- eye-of-the-sea, ii, [361]
- Faber, i, 396
- Fabricius, i, 394
- Facciola, i, 412
- factors of extinction, i, 442
- fading of pigment in spirits, i, 235
- fair maid, ii, [344]
- fallfish, i, 311; ii, [167]
- fall-salmon, ii, [80]
- family,
- definition of, i, 373
- fan-tailed darter, ii, [315]
- Farquhar,
- on Opah, ii, [244]
- fat cod, ii, [440]
- fat head, ii, [388]
- fatherlasher, ii, [445]
- faunal areas,
- minor, i, 248
- of Japanese fishes, i, 257
- faunal resemblances, i, 259, 260
- faunal differences, i, 260, 261
- favorable waters have most species, i, 301
- fear in fishes, i, 163
- expressions of, i, 165
- Felichthys,
- figure of, ii, [179]
- fiatola, ii, [283]
- Fierasfer, i, 84; ii, [520]
- Fierasferidæ, ii, [158], [522]
- fighting-fish, ii, [370]
- of Siam, i, 163
- filefish, ii, [413]-415
- figure of, i, 182
- filiform, i, 19
- Filippi, i, 412
- finfold, i, 63, 64
- Balfour's theory of, i, 69
- fin migration,
- Dean on, i, 75
- of Heterodontus, i, 75
- finnan haddie, ii, [537]
- fins of fishes,
- described, i, 9, 10, 20, 24, 25
- migration of, i, 75
- morphology of, i, 62-90
- origin of, i, 62
- fin-spines, i, 528, 529; ii, [39]
- of Hybodus, i, 528, 529
- of Onchus, figured, i, 509
- Fischer,
- on fishes of Panama, i, 275
- Fish Commission,
- fish stocking by, i, 346
- fisheries,
- economic, i, 337
- salmon, i, 81, 87
- fishes,
- in action, i, 11
- adaptation to environment, i, 156
- affection of, i, 167
- affected by temperature, i, 149
- age of, i, 144, 146
- air-bladder of, i, 12, 92, 93
- alimentary canal in, i, 31
- anadromous, i, 156, 160, 291
- anger of, i, 165
- in aquaria, i, 150, 165
- blood of, i, 11
- body form of, i, 16
- bones of, i, 10
- bony, i, 454, 506
- brain of, i, 12, 14, 109, 112
- breathing of, i, 5, 91, 103
- of British Museum, i, 402
- burrowing of, ii, [463], [465]
- care of eggs by, i, 128
- catadromous, i, 162, 291
- catalogues of, i, 402
- channel, i, 291
- circulatory organs of, i, 26
- classification of, i, 367-386
- of Coal Measures, i, 223
- collecting of, i, 429
- color and coloration of, i, 6, 129, 226-236
- conditions of life of, i, 215
- of coral reefs, i, 235
- currents affecting, i, 243, 244
- deep sea, i, 408
- definition of, i, 3
- degeneration in, i, 54, 216, 218-220; ii, [547]
- digestion and digestive organs of, i, 11, 26
- diœcious, i, 124
- dispersion of, i, 318
- diseases of, i, 340-358
- dissection of, i, 26, 27
- distortion in, i, 129
- distribution of, i, 237-255, 435
- domestication of, i, 149, 151
- ear of, i, 8, 119-121
- earliest forms of, i, 443
- eggs of, i, 125-135
- electric organs of, i, 25; ii, [187]
- embryology of, i, 131-151
- evolution in, i, 223, 435-459
- exterior of, i, 16-25
- extinct, i, 224
- eye of, i, 6, 119
- eye-stalks of, ii, [466]
- face of, i, 5
- fins of, i, 9, 10, 24
- flight of, i, 167
- flow of blood in, i, 107
- as food for man, i, 320-339
- food of, i, 11, 29
- form of, i, 4
- fossil, i, 422-428
- fresh-water, i, 250
- gall-bladder in, i, 26
- generalized forms of, i, 224
- gills of, i, 92
- growth of, i, 30, 144
- habits of, i, 152
- hearing of, i, 8, 119
- heart of, i, 11, 28, 106
- herbivorous, i, 30, 155; ii, [364]
- hermaphrodite, i, 124
- homologies of bones in, i, 34
- hybridism in, i, 144
- instincts of, i, 154
- intestines of, i, 33
- intromittent organ in, i, 124
- with jugular fins, i, 456
- kidneys of, i, 11, 28
- killed by earthquakes, i, 356
- Labyrinthine, ii, [365]
- larval forms, i, 142, 620, 621
- lateral line of, i, 9
- life cycle of, i, 3-5, 152
- lowland, i, 291
- luminous organs of, i, 188-190
- lungs of, i, 98
- measurements of, i, 19
- migration of, i, 160
- monstrosities among, i, 151
- mortality among, i, 357
- mountain, i, 291
- mouth of, i, 29
- muscles of, i, 25
- mythology of, i, 359
- naturalization of, i, 150
- nerves of, i, 12, 14, 109, 113; ii, [368]
- nests and nest-building of, i, 15, 167, 128; ii, [184], [229]-231
- noises of, i, 121, 168
- nostril of, i, 6
- nuptial colors in, i, 155, 156
- nutrition organs of, i, 29
- organs of,
- locomotion, i, 24
- phosphorescence, i, 194
- reproduction, i, 28, 124-130
- sense, i, 115-123
- sight, i, 6, 116
- smell, i, 115
- taste, i, 121
- touch, i, 122
- ovaries, i, 26
- oviparous, i, 125
- ovoviviparous, i, 125
- pain, sense of, in, i, 123
- parasites of, i, 340-344
- parasitic, i, 198
- pectoral limb of, i, 50
- pelagic, i, 156
- pineal eye in, i, 111
- poisonous, i, 180-185, 236; ii, [177], [411], [413], [421], [433],436, 526
- postembryonic development, i, 132
- posterior limbs of, i, 53
- preservation of, i, 431
- problem of highest, i, 383
- protection of young by, i, 128
- pugnacity of, i, 162
- recognition marks in, i, 7, 232, 236
- records of, i, 433
- scales of, i, 20
- sensitiveness to change, i, 150
- sexual modifications in, i, 129
- shoulder-girdle of, i, 50, 52
- skeleton of, i, 10, 214, 215
- specialization in, i, 219, 220, 224, 249; ii, [438]
- spinal cord of, i, 112
- spineless, i, 25
- spiral valve in, i, 32
- tail of, i, 49
- teeth of, i, 5, 29
- tenacity of life in, i, 146, 147
- timidity of, i, 166
- tongue of, i, 6, 31
- upland, i, 291
- variety in tropics, i, 333
- viscera of, i, 26
- viviparous, i, 125; ii, [376]
- voices of, i, 121
- where found, i, 158, 159
- zeoid, ii, [245]
- fishes as food, i, 320-339
- fishes of Panama,
- Evermann on, i, 274
- Fischer on, i, 275
- Günther on, i, 272, 273
- Hill on, i, 277
- Upham on, i, 276
- Wright on, i, 275
- fish faunas,
- genera in, i, 262, 263
- Indian, i, 267
- of Japan, i, 255, 256, 259
- of Mediterranean, i, 259
- of Panama, i, 267
- separated by barriers, i, 255-281
- fish fighting, i, 162
- fish god of Japan,
- figure of, ii, [343]
- fish guano, i, 538
- Fish-Hawk, the, i, 408; ii, [147]
- fishing,
- apparatus for, i, 335
- for ayu, i, 333
- for tai, figured, i, 338
- with cormorants, i, 333, 335
- methods of, i, 334
- fishing-frog, i, 202; ii, [542]
- fish-like vertebrates, i, 34
- fish of Paradise, ii, [369]
- Fistularia, i, 85, 393; ii, [233], [390]
- shoulder-girdle of, ii, [227]
- Fistulariidæ, ii, [227]
- family of, ii, [233]
- Flammeo, ii, [254]
- flashers, ii, [331]
- flatfish family, i, 177; ii, [48]
- flatheads, ii, [441]
- Flesus, ii, [493]
- Fleurieu's whirlpool, ii, [242]
- flier, ii, [297]
- flight of fishes, i, 157
- Floeberg, ii, [110]
- Florida jewfish,
- figure of, ii, [323]
- Florida lion-fish,
- figure of, ii, [433]
- flounder, i, 117, 178, 203, 440; ii, [483]-485, 488, 493, 494
- development of, i, 144
- diamond, ii, [493]
- eel-back, ii, [493]
- eyes of, i, 118, 174-178
- frog, ii, [493]
- lantern, ii, [488]
- larval form, i, 176; ii, [483], [484]
- migration of eye, figured, ii, [484]
- newly hatched, figured, i, 177
- osteology of, ii, [484]
- peacock, ii, [488]
- pole, ii, [494]
- shoulder-girdle of, i, 58; ii, [2]
- starry, ii, [493]
- tail of, figured, ii, [486]
- vertebræ in, i, 205
- wide-eyed, ii, [488]
- wide-eyed, figured, i, 175
- young, figured, i, 175; ii, [482]
- flower of the surf,
- figure of, ii, [218]
- flow of blood in fish, i, 107
- flukes, ii, [494]
- flying-fish, ii, [211]-214
- figure of, i, 157, 341, 440
- parasites of, i, 342
- flyfish, ii, [429]
- flying gurnard, ii, [456], [458]
- figure of, i, 457
- flying robin, ii, [458]
- Fodiator,
- figure of, ii, [213]
- food-fishes,
- abundance of, i, 329
- relative rank of, i, 320
- food of lampreys, i, 491
- foolfishes, i, 206; ii, [413]
- Foot-notes to Evolution,
- reference to, i, 302
- foramen, i, 92
- forelle, i, 327
- Forcipiger, ii, [404]
- Forgy,
- on oarfish, ii, [473]
- Forbes, i, 419
- on fish epidemics, i, 340
- formalin,
- as preservative, i, 432
- Forskål, i, 394
- Forster, i, 395
- fossil capelin, ii, [126], [127]
- fossil darters, ii, [315]
- fossil fishes, i, 205; ii, [48], [52], [53], [56], [174]
- fossil gobies, ii, [467]
- fossil herring,
- figure of, i, 453; ii, [52]
- fossil trout, ii, [62], [118]
- four-eyed fish,
- figure of, i, 117
- four-spined stickleback,
- figure of, ii, [232]
- Fowler, i, 422
- fox shark, i, 536
- Frère Jacques, ii, [255]
- fresh-water eels, ii, [149]
- fresh-water fishes, i, 209; ii, [157], [160], [161]
- dispersion of, i, 282-296
- distribution of, i, 249
- Günther on, i, 249
- of Japan, i, 256
- of North America, i, 290
- fresh-water minnows, i, 33
- fresh-water perch,
- figure of, ii, [373]
- Friar Odoric,
- on fear in fishes, i, 166
- Fries, i, 410
- frilled shark, i, 361, 516
- figure of, i, 525
- Fritsch, i, 427, 428, 512
- frog,
- arm of, figured, i, 601
- frogfish, i, 197; ii, [549]
- figure of, ii, [551]
- frog flounder, ii, [493]
- frostfish, ii, [537]
- Fucus, ii, [512]
- Fullarton, i, 177
- function of lateral line, i, 23
- Fundulus, ii, [194], [199]
- figure of, i, 198
- fur seal,
- Gadidæ, i, 290; ii, [522], [533]
- Gadopsidæ, ii, [516]
- Gadus, i, 209, 391
- figure of, i, 331; ii, [533]
- Gazza, ii, [287]
- gaff-topsail cat,
- figure of, ii, [179]
- Gaidropsarus, i, 209; ii, [539]
- Gaimard, i, 406
- galafata, ii, [413]
- Galaxias, i, 223, 252, 253, 254
- Galaxiidæ,
- family of, ii, [204]
- Galei, i, 532
- Galeidæ, i, 540
- Galeichthys, i, 128, 242, 271, 273; ii, [178]
- figure of, ii, [179]
- Galeocerdo, i, 541, 542
- Galeoid sharks, i, 519
- Galeorhinidæ, i, 532, 540
- Galeorhinus, i, 454
- Galeus,
- figure of, i, 541
- gall-bladder, i, 26
- galliwasp, ii, [130]
- galo, ii, [394]
- Gambusia, i, 64, 66, 67; ii, [199]
- Ganocephala, i, 85, 86
- Ganoidei, i, 444, 599, 616; ii, [2], [3], [13]
- Ganoids, i, 22, 38, 88, 91, 139, 157, 159, 186, 204, 384, 569, 622; ii, [1]-36
- ganoid fish, i, 582
- figure of, i, 452, 453
- Garden, i, 390
- Garibaldi,
- figure of, i, 227; ii, [382]
- garfish, ii, [147], [210], [211]
- shoulder-girdle in, i, 59
- Garman, i, 405, 408, 420; ii, [183]
- garpike, i, 290; ii, [30]-32
- garrupa, ii, [323]
- gaspergou, ii, [354]
- Gasteronemus, ii, [288]
- figure of, ii, [289]
- Gasterosteidæ, i, 128, 290
- Gasterosteus, i, 161, 172, 391; ii, [229], [231], [236]
- Gastrostomus,
- figure of, ii, [156]
- gastrula, i, 131, 132
- Gaudry,
- on leptocercal tail, i, 84
- Gay, i, 415
- Gegenbaur, i, 428, 511, 512, 591, 594, 601
- on archipterygium, i, 60
- on morphology, i, 68
- on pectoral fin, i, 67
- theory of, i, 73
- Gempylidæ,
- family of, ii, [267]
- Gempylus, ii, [267]
- general laws,
- of development, i, 133
- of distribution, i, 239
- generalization and specialization, i, 380
- genital organs, i, 124
- genus, i, 375
- definition of, i, 372
- Genyonemus, ii, [356]
- Genypterus, ii, [520]
- geographical distribution, i, 237-259
- of sharks, charted, i, 459
- geological evidence of submergence, i, 268
- Geophagus, ii, [381]
- Geotria, i, 491
- Gephyrura, ii, [201]
- Gephyroberyx, ii, [252]
- gephyrocercal tail, i, 84, 604
- figure of, i, 85
- German carp, ii, [175]
- germ-cells, i, 124
- Germo, 210; ii, [262], [266]
- figure of, ii, [263]
- Gerres, i, 271, 273
- figure of, ii, [349]
- Gerridæ, i, 206; ii, [372]
- family of, ii, [347]
- Gervais, i, 408
- ghost-fishes, ii, [150], [516]
- giant bass, ii, [324]
- Gibbes, i, 426
- Gibbons, i, 419
- on Embiotocidæ, ii, [377]
- Gibbonsia,
- figure of, ii, [508]
- gibbus, ii, [45]
- Gigactinidæ, ii, [551]
- Giglioli, i, 412
- Gila, i, 304; ii, [169]
- Gilbert, i, 408, 415, 420; ii, [239]
- on Astroscopus, i, 187
- on coracoid plate, ii, [206]
- on flight of fishes, i, 157
- on island forms, i, 240
- on larval forms, i, 142
- portrait of, i, 421
- Gilbertidia, ii, [441], [447], [449]
- figure of, ii, [451]
- Gill, i, 408, 419, 448, 528, 591, 594, 600; ii, [24], [34], [40], [52], [317], [365], [366], [502], [511]
- on anglers, ii, [543]
- on Discocephali, ii, [470], [471]
- on eels, ii, [143], [156]
- on high and low forms, i, 383
- on work of Lacépède, i, 398
- on New Zealand fauna, i, 252
- on paired limbs, i, 85
- portrait of, i, 407
- on Selachii, i, 509
- on shoulder-girdle, i, 86-89
- sketch of, i, 405
- on soles, ii, [496]
- on swallowers, ii, [360], [361]
- on tilefish, ii, [361], [362]
- gill,
- arches, i, 45, 91, 508
- basket, figured, i, 92, 485
- covers, i, 44
- filaments, i, 107
- offices of, i, 11
- openings, i, 91
- rakers, i, 31, 46
- septum, i, 73
- slits, i, 508
- Gillellus, ii, [506]
- Gillichthys, ii, [462]
- figure of, ii, [463]
- Gillicus, ii, [48]
- Ginglymodi, ii, [24], [30]
- Ginglymostoma, i, 533
- Ginglymostomidæ, i, 533
- Girard, i, 405, 419; ii, [378], [379]
- girdle in Dipnoans, i, 86
- Girella, ii, [348]
- gisu, ii, [46]
- gizzard-shad, i, 290; ii, [51], [53]
- glacial epoch,
- effect on dispersion, i, 316
- Glaucosoma, ii, [323], [340]
- Glandiceps, i, 465
- Glanencheli, ii, [187]
- glassy darter, ii, [313]
- glenoid, i, 90
- Glesnæs oarfish, ii, [472]
- figure of, i, 363
- globefishes, i, 197, 440, 455; ii, [419]
- figure of, i, 244; ii, [422]
- Globulodus, ii, [15]
- Glossobalanus,
- figure of, i, 464
- larva of, figured, i, 463
- glut-herring, ii, [50]
- Glyphisodon, i, 267
- figure of, ii, [383]
- Glyptocephalus, i, 206; ii, [494]
- Glyptolepis, i, 603
- Glyptopomus, i, 604
- Gmelin, i, 395, 397
- Gnathanacanthidæ, ii, [514]
- Gnathodentex, ii, [341]
- Gnathonemus,
- figure of, ii, [189]
- Gnathostomata, i, 78
- Gnathostomes, i, 35, 572, 573
- Gnathostomi, i, 508, 570
- Gnathypops,
- figure of, ii, [359]
- goatfish, i, 198; ii, [351], [379]
- figure of, i, 122
- gobies, i, 428; ii, [459]
- Gobiesox, ii, [529], [530], [531]
- Gobiidæ, i, 22, 206, 290; ii, [306]
- family of, ii, [459]
- Gobius, i, 208, 273, 391; ii, [461], [467]
- Gobio, ii, [167], [175]
- Gobioides, ii, [467]
- Gobioidea, ii, [470]
- Gobioidei, 11, 459-480
- suborder of, ii, [459]
- Gobiomorus,
- figure of, i, 160
- Gobionellus, i, 208
- figure of, ii, [461]
- Gobiosoma, i, 313; ii, [462]
- goblin sharks,
- figures of, i, 535
- goby, i, 290; ii, [462], [466]
- gofu, ii, [434]
- figure of, i, 229
- goggler, ii, [275]
- golden,
- goldfish, ii, [170], [171]
- of Japan, i, 151
- Gomphosus, ii, [390]
- Goniistius, ii, [363]
- Goniognathus, ii, [287]
- Gonioplectrus, ii, [323]
- Gonorhynchidæ, ii, [54]-56
- Gonorhynchus, ii, [56]
- Gonostoma, ii, [129]
- Gonostomidæ, ii, [129]
- Gonzalez, i, 414
- Goodea, ii, [199], [201]
- figure of, i, 126; ii, [200]
- with young, figured, i, 126
- Goodsira, i, 476
- goody, ii, [356]
- goosefish, ii, [545]
- Gorbuscha, ii, [73]
- Goode, i, 408, 419; ii, [307], [308]
- Gordiichthys, i, 211; ii, [153]
- Gordius, ii, [143], [144]
- Gosfordia, i, 613
- Gosse, i, 415
- Gouan, i, 397
- gatasami, ii, [361]
- Gottsche, i, 428
- goujon, ii, [182]
- gourami, ii, [369]
- gouramy,
- nest of, i, 167
- Grammicolepidæ,
- family of, ii, [249]
- Grammicolepis, ii, [249]
- Grammistes, ii, [330]
- grande écaille,
- figure of, ii, [43]
- Granodus, i, 565
- Grantea, ii, [544]
- Graphiurus, i, 605
- Grassi, i, 428
- grass rockfish, ii, [429]
- Gray, i, 416
- grayling, i, 150, 305; ii, [120]-138
- gray snapper, ii, [335]
- figure of, ii, [334]
- Great Basin,
- chub of, i, 287
- dispersion of fishes in, i, 316
- fishes of, i, 302
- great blue cat, ii, [180]
- great oarfish, ii, [472]
- Greeley, i, 422
- Green,
- on Sacramento perch, i, 179
- green-backed trout, ii, [104]
- figure of, ii, [105]
- green cod, ii, [537]
- Greene,
- on Porichthys, i, 190-197; ii, [526]
- greenfish, ii, [348]
- Greenland char, ii, [109]
- Greenland halibut, ii, [491]
- Greenland shark, i, 547
- greenling, ii, [439]
- figure of, ii, [440]
- green mackerel,
- figure of, ii, [275]
- Green River shales, i, 205; ii, [52], [57]-59
- green rockfish, ii, [429]
- green-sided darter,
- figure of, i, 247; ii, [312]
- green wrasse, ii, [387]
- Gregarinidia, i, 242
- grenadier, i, 84; ii, [540]
- figure of, ii, [541]
- grilse, ii, [91]
- grindle, ii, [35]
- griset,
- figure of, i, 523
- Gronias, ii, [181]
- Gronovius, i, 390
- groupers, ii, [323]
- grubby, ii, [446]
- grunt, i, 239
- figure of, ii, [340]
- grunters, ii, [340]
- gruntfishes, i, 121
- Grystes, i, 302
- Guacamaia, ii, [394]
- figure of, i, 330
- guahu, ii, [266]
- guasa, ii, [323]
- guavina de rio, ii, [459]
- figure of, ii, [460]
- Guaymas,
- fishes of, i, 274
- gudgeon, i, 122; ii, [167]
- Guichenot, i, 412, 415
- guipo, ii, [512]
- guitar-fishes, i, 550
- figure of, i, 551
- gular plate, i, 43; ii, [33]
- Güldenstadt, i, 395
- Gulf Stream, i, 239
- deep-sea fish of, i, 276
- gulper-eel, ii, [156]
- gulpers, ii, [155]
- gunnel,
- figure of, ii, [512]
- Gunner, i, 396; ii, [245]
- Günther, i, 88, 255, 259, 404; ii, [3], [95], [135], [161], [183], [229], [371]
- on archipterygium, i, 60
- on Barramunda, i, 615
- catalogue of, i, 402
- on work of Cuvier, i, 400
- on deep-sea fishes, ii, [136]
- on dispersion, i, 289
- on eels, ii, [141]
- on electrophores, ii, [188]
- estimate of eggs by, i, 128
- on fishes of Panama, i, 272, 273
- on Lepidosteus, ii, [5]
- on month gestation, i, 173
- on pain in fishes, i, 123
- on poison glands, i, 180; ii, [527]-529
- portrait of, i, 403
- on respiration, i, 91
- on salmon, ii, [92]
- on sea-devils, ii, [547]
- on trout, ii, [94]
- on variation in vertebræ, i, 210
- on zones of distribution, i, 249, 251
- gunwale, ii, [512]
- Gurley,
- on parasitic diseases, i, 342
- gurnard, i, 122, 198, 208, 209; ii, [456]
- gurry shark, i, 547
- Gymnarchidæ, ii, [188]
- Gymnarchus, ii, [188]
- Gymnelis, i, 209; ii, [519]
- Gymnocanthus, ii, [448]
- Gymnocephalus, ii, [241], [310]
- Gymnodontes, ii, [398], [411], [418], [422]
- Gymnosarda, ii, [262]
- Gymnothorax, i, 211, 274; ii, [152]
- Gymnonoti, ii, [159]-161, 188
- order of, ii, [187]
- Gymnotidæ, ii, [187]
- Gymnotus, i, 391
- Gyrinidæ, ii, [222]
- Gyrodus,
- figure of, ii, [22]
- Gyrolepis, ii, [14]
- Gyrosteus, ii, [18]
- Gyroptychius, i, 82
- figure of, i, 604
- habits of fishes, i, 152
- haddock, ii, [537]
- Hadrodus, ii, [22]
- Hadropterus, i, 300
- figure of, ii, [311]
- haë, ii, [117], [118]
- Hæckel, i, 411, 511
- on origin of fins, i, 62
- hæmal arch, ii, [6]
- Hæmapophyres, i, 48
- Hæmulidæ, i, 206; ii, [340], [342], [359]
- family of, ii, [340]
- Hæmulon, i, 121, 238, 271, 274, 375
- figure of, ii, [340]
- hagfishes, i, 28, 488
- Delfin on feeding of, i, 489
- egg of, figured, i, 127
- figure of, i, 199, 489
- and lampreys, i, 189
- hair-worm, ii, [144]
- hake, ii, [136], [539], [540]
- isocercal tail of, i, 83
- shoulder-girdle of, i, 60
- hakone dace, i, 257
- Haldeman, i, 419
- Halec, ii, [33], [136]
- Halecomorphi, ii, [13], [23], [24], [29], [35]
- order of, ii, [33]
- half-beak,
- figure of, ii, [212]
- half-moon fish, ii, [350]
- halibut, 128; ii, [149], [489], [491]
- Halichœres, i, 207, 257, 297; ii, [180], [388]-390
- figure of i, 297; ii, [396]
- Halientichthys, ii, [552]
- Hallock,
- Halosauridæ, ii, [158]
- Halosaurus, ii, [138]
- Hamilton, i, 416
- hammerhead shark, i, 543
- figure of, i, 544
- Hancock, i, 415
- handsaw-fish, ii, [135]
- Hansen,
- on Chinook salmon, ii, [85]
- Haplistia, i, 602
- Haplochiton, ii, [128]
- Haplochitonidæ, ii, [129], [204]
- Haplodoci, ii, [499]
- sub order of, ii, [525]
- Haplomi, i, 405; ii, [34], [40], [41], [129], [188]-207, 224, 250
- mesocoracoid arch in, ii, [189]
- ventral fin, i, 67
- Haplopagrus, i, 271
- hard-tails, ii, [169]
- Hardwicke,
- on affection in fishes, i, 167
- harelip-sucker, ii, [174]
- Harengula ii, [51]
- Harpagiferidæ, ii, [501]
- Harpodon, ii, [131]
- Harrimania,
- figure of, i, 465
- Harrimaniidæ,
- family of, i, 465
- low organization of, i, 465
- Harriottia, i, 199, 566
- figure of, i, 449
- harvest-fish, ii, [283]
- figure of, i, 18; ii, [284]
- Hasse, i, 428, 543
- on Elasmobranchs, i, 509
- on ossicles, i, 96
- on sharks, i, 509, 530, 561
- Hasselquist, i, 389
- Hatta, i, 418
- Hauy, i, 397
- Hawaii,
- fish fauna of, i, 243
- Hay, i, 419, 427, 581; ii, [4] 34, 36
- hazé, ii, [118]
- headfishes, i, 19, 84, 206
- figure of, ii, [424]
- larva of, figured, i, 143
- headlight-fish,
- figure of, i, 188; ii, [132]
- Heart Lake tapeworm, i, 348
- Linton on, i, 348-350
- heart of the fish, i, 106
- Hector, i, 416
- Helicolemus, i, 259; ii, [429], [432]
- Helicoprion,
- teeth of, figured, i, 530
- Heller, i, 422
- Helodus, i, 531
- Helostoma, ii, [370]
- Helostomidæ, ii, [370]
- Hemerocœtidæ, ii, [506]
- Hemianthias, ii, [330]
- Hemibranchii, ii, [40], [157], [209], [227]-240
- sub order of, ii, [227]
- Hemichordata, i, 461
- Hemicyclaspis, i, 576
- Hemiexocœtus, ii, [213]
- Hemigymnus, ii, [390]
- Hemilepidotus, ii, [442]
- figure of, ii, [443]
- Hemipteronotus, ii, [390]
- Hemiramphus, ii, [214], [268]
- figure of, ii, [212]
- Hemiscylliidæ, i, 533
- Hemitripterus, i, 595; ii, [441]
- figure of, i, 220; ii, [448]
- Heniochus, ii, [404]
- Henle, i, 405
- Henshall,
- on black bass, ii, [302]
- Henshaw, ii, [523]
- photograph by, i, 281
- hepatic sinus, i, 108
- Heptadiodon, ii, [423]
- Heptanema, i, 605
- Heptatrema, i, 490
- Heptranchias, i, 447, 509, 536
- pectoral fin in, figured, i, 57
- skull of, i, 56
- teeth of, figured, i, 524
- Herald, i, 408
- Herbert,
- on lake trout-fishing, ii, [115]
- herbivorous fishes, i, 30; ii, [364]
- Herdmania, i, 474
- hermaphrodite fish, i, 124
- Heros, i, 314; ii, [381]
- Herpetichthys, i, 608
- herring, i, 21, 204, 290, 429, 440; ii, [33], [38], [43], [46], [49], [52], [73], [123], [159]
- figure of, i, 331; ii, [48]
- Goode on, i, 330
- product of, i, 330
- Hertwig, i, 112
- Herzenstein, i, 411
- Heterandria, i, 314; ii, [194], [201], [467]
- Heterobranchus, ii, [186]
- heterocercal tail, i, 49, 507, 513, 516, 602
- of Acipenser, figured, i, 80
- of Amia, figured, i, 82
- of garpike, figured, i, 82
- of Lepisosteus, figured, i, 82
- of Salmo, i, 83
- of sturgeon, figured, i, 80
- of young trout, i, 83
- Heterocongridæ, ii, [150]
- Heterodontus, i, 128, 447, 536
- eggs of, figured, i, 128, 527
- figure of, i, 75, 526
- lower jaw, figured, i, 526
- pectoral fin of, figured, i, 57
- Heterodontidæ, i, 65, 127, 447, 511, 523, 529, 530, 545
- family of, i, 527
- Heterognathi, ii, [161], [162]
- Heteromi, i, 405, 611; ii, [12] 138, 532
- order of, ii, [157]
- Heteropleuron, i, 483
- Heterostichus, ii, [507]
- Heterosomata, ii, [247], [481]-498
- Heterosteus, i, 586
- Heterostraci, i, 568, 571, 622; ii, [13]
- order of, i, 573
- Heterotis, ii, [56]
- Hexagrammidæ, ii, [442], [501]
- family of, ii, [439]
- organs of smell in, i, 115
- Hexagrammos, i, 257; ii, [107], [439]
- figure of, ii, [440]
- Hexanchidæ, i, 509, 528
- family of, i, 524
- Hexanchus, i, 447, 524
- figure of, i, 523
- hickory shad,
- figure of, ii, [53]
- high and low forms,
- Agassiz on, i, 380, 381
- Gill on, i, 383
- Traquair on, i, 381, 382
- Hilgendorf, i, 411, 416
- portrait of, i, 417
- Hilgendorfia, ii, [455]
- Hill, i, 415
- conclusions of, i, 277, 279
- Himantolophus, ii, [549]
- hinalea, i, 158
- hingio, ii, [128]
- Hiodon, i, 291, 394; ii, [45], [46]
- figure of, ii, [45]
- Hiodontidæ, i, 290; ii, [45]
- Hippocampus, i, 19; ii, [236]
- figure of, i, 17, 250; ii, [238]
- Hippoglossinæ, ii, [489]
- Hippoglossoides, i, 205; ii, [491]
- Hippoglossus, i, 205, 329; ii, [489]
- figure of, i, 332; ii, [492]
- hirondelle, i, 408; ii, [60]
- His, i, 428
- Histiopteridæ, ii, [398]
- Histiopterus, i, 260; ii, [333]
- Histiothrissa, ii, [52]
- history of ichthyology, i, 387-428
- Hoffman, i, 412; ii, [546]
- hog-choker,
- figure of, ii, [496]
- hogfish, ii, [388]
- figure of, ii, [387]
- Holacanthus, ii, [403]
- Holbrook, i, 419
- Holcolepis,
- figure of, i, 454; ii, [43]
- Holconoti, ii, [365], [379], [380]
- suborder of, ii, [372]
- Holconotus, i, 404; ii, [375]
- Holden, ii, [291]
- Holder, ii, [409], [474]
- on oarfish, ii, [474]
- Holostei, i, 624; ii, [24]
- Holotrachys, ii, [256]
- Hollard, i, 412
- Hollardia, ii, [412]
- Holocentridæ,
- family of, ii, [253]
- Holocentrus, i, 267; ii, [253], [255]
- figure of, ii, [254]
- Holocephali, i, 448, 508, 519, 520, 561-567
- Holopterus, ii, [41]
- Holoptychiidæ, i, 602, 603, 624
- Holoptychius,
- basal fin of, figured, i, 603
- dorsal fin of, figured, i, 49
- figure of, i, 451
- Holostomi, ii, [140], [141]
- Holothurian, ii, [522]
- Fierasfer issuing from, i, 159
- Holurus, ii, [14]
- Homalopteridæ, ii, [176]
- Hombron, i, 408
- Home, i, 396
- Homistius, i, 586
- homocercal tail, i, 49, 81-83, 602
- figure of, i, 84
- of flounder, i, 84
- homologies,
- of bones, i, 34, 35
- of pectoral limb, i, 85
- Homonotus, ii, [253]
- homoplasy, i, 296
- Homosoma, ii, [283]
- Hooker,
- on fishes prey of birds, i, 166
- Hoplias, ii, [162]
- Hoplichthyidæ, ii, [441]
- Hoplichthys, ii, [441]
- Hoplopagrus, i, 271
- Hoplopteryx,
- figure of, i, 438; ii, [253]
- Hoplostethus, i, 260, 263; ii, [252]
- Hoppin,
- Hornbaum-Hornschuch, ii, [144]
- horn-dace, i, 122, 283; ii, [167]
- figure of, i, 285; ii, [168]
- horned pout, ii, [35], [180]
- figure of, ii, [181]
- horned trunkfish, i, 374
- figure of, i, 373, 376; ii, [416]
- hornfish, ii, [412]
- hornless trunkfish, i, 378; ii, [418]
- face view of, i, 379
- figure of, i, 378; ii, [416]
- horse-eye-jack, ii, [276]
- horsehead-fish, ii, [276]
- figure of, i, 148
- horse-mackerel, ii, [135]
- figure of, ii, [274]
- horseshoe-crab,
- figure of, i, 572
- Houttuyn, i, 394, 416
- how fish cross watersheds, i, 306
- how fishes breathe, i, 91
- how to secure fish, i, 429
- Hoy, i, 419; ii, [64]
- huchen, ii, [106]
- Hucho, i, 253; ii, [62], [106]
- figure of, ii, [107]
- Humboldt, i, 410
- on gas in swim-bladder, i, 95
- humpback salmon, ii, [68], [72], [80]
- humpback sucker, ii, [174]
- humpback whitefish, ii, [65]
- Hutton, i, 416
- Huxley, i, 424, 428, 593, 601; ii, [3]
- on herring product, i, 330
- on Lepidostei, ii, [23]
- Hybocladodus, i, 522
- Hybodus, i, 528, 529
- eggs of, figured, i, 527
- fin-spine of, figured, i, 528, 529
- Hybopsis, ii, [167]
- hybridism, i, 144; ii, [94]
- Hydrocyon, ii, [162]
- Hydrolagus, i, 564
- Hyodon, i, 302
- Hyoganoidea, ii, [24]
- Hyoganoids, ii, [11]
- hyomandibular, i, 508, 521, 606
- hyostylic skull, i, 508, 561; ii, [7]
- figure of, i, 56
- Hypamia, ii, [36]
- hypercoracoid, i, 89; ii, [1], [12]
- Hyperoartia, i, 488, 490, 593
- Hyperoplus, ii, [521]
- Hyperotreta, i, 488, 593
- Hyperprosopon, ii, [375]
- hypocoracoid, i, 89; ii, [12]
- Hypocritichthys,
- figure of, i, 309; ii, [375]
- Hypohomus, ii, [312]
- Hypophthalmidæ, ii, [185]
- Hypoplectrus, i, 235, 271; ii, [237]
- figure of, ii, [329]
- Hyporhamphus, ii, [212]
- Hypostomides, ii, [227]-240
- suborder of, ii, [239]
- Hypotrema, i, 549
- hypural, ii, [142]
- Hypseleotris, ii, [460]
- Hypsoblennius, i, 242
- Hypsopsetta, ii, [493]
- Hypsurus, ii, [375]
- figure of, ii, [373]
- Hypsycormus, ii, [34]
- Hypsypops,
- figure of, i, 227; ii, [382]
- Hyrtl, i, 428
- Hysterocarpus, i, 304; ii, [374]
- Icarus, ii, [43]
- icefish, i, 146; ii, [123], [127]
- figure of, i, 149; ii, [128]
- Icelinus, ii, [442]
- Icelus, ii, [442], [449]
- Icosteidæ, ii, [285]
- Icosteus, ii, [285]
- Ictalurus, i, 291, 292; ii, [179]-181
- figure of, i, 280
- ichthyized fishes, i, 210
- Ichthyocephali, ii, [140], [141]
- Ichthyodectes, ii, [48]
- Ichthyodectidæ, ii, [48]
- Ichthyodorolites, i, 516, 529, 566
- ichthyologists,
- portraits of, i, 399, 403, 407, 409, 413, 417, 421, 425, 513, 516, 525, 545, 561, 599, 601
- ichthyology,
- Aristotle on, i, 387
- history of, i, 387-428
- Ichthyotomi, i, 437, 446
- order of, i, 519
- Parker & Haswell on, i, 520
- Ichthyomyzon, i, 491
- Ichthyopsida, i, 601
- Ichthyosism, i, 183
- Ichthysauroides, i, 586
- Icthyscopus, ii, [503]
- Ictiobus, i, 291; ii, [172]
- id, ii, [168]
- Idiacanthidæ, ii, [138]
- Idus, ii, [168]
- igami, ii, [390]
- Ilarches, ii, [400]
- Ilarchidæ, ii, [291], [400], [401]
- Ilarchus, ii, [398]
- Ilisha, i, 271; ii, [52]
- Ilyophidæ, ii, [150]
- imaginary garpike, i, 364
- incisor teeth, figured, i, 31
- inconnu,
- figure of, ii, [67]
- Indian fauna, i, 267
- extension of, i, 265
- Indian fish, ii, [405]
- Indian sawfish,
- figure of, i, 200
- Indian parrot-fish,
- figure of pharyngeals, ii, [393]
- Indigo damsel-fish
- figure of, ii, [384]
- infraclavicles, ii, [13]
- infundibulum, ii, [6]
- Iniistius, ii, [389], [390]
- Inimicus, i, 236; ii, [434]
- figure of, frontispiece, II. Vol.
- Iniomi, i, 405; ii, [38], [40], [41], [138], [189], [190], [204], [526]
- suborder of, ii, [129]
- iniomous fishes,
- photophores of, i, 189
- instincts in fishes,
- basis of, i, 154
- classification of, i, 154
- of courtship, i, 155
- heredity in, i, 154
- of migration, i, 156
- variability of, i, 155, 156
- Whitman on, i, 156
- intensity of coloration, i, 232
- interclavicle,
- Starks on, ii, [227]
- interhæmals, i, 49; ii, [348]
- interneurals, i, 49; ii, [15]
- intestine of fish, i, 33
- intromittent organ, i, 124
- Investigator, the, i, 408; ii, [60]
- Ioa, ii, [313]
- Ionoscopus, ii, [36]
- Ipnopidæ, ii, [131]
- Ipnops,
- figure of, i, 181; ii, [131]
- Irish lord, ii, [442]
- figure of, ii, [443]
- Irish Pampano,
- figure of, ii, [349]
- isabelita,
- figure of, ii, [404]
- Isaciella, i, 270
- isaki, ii, [342]
- Ischnacanthidæ, i, 517
- Ischnacanthus, i, 517
- Ischyodus, i, 565
- ishigakidai, ii, [360]
- Ishikawa, i, 416
- ishinagi, ii, [323]
- Iso,
- figure of, ii, [218]
- isocercal tail, i, 49, 83, 602
- Cope on, i, 84
- figure of, i, 83
- Isopholidæ, ii, [26]
- Isopholis, ii, [26]
- figure of, ii, [27]
- Isospondyli, i, 204, 406; ii, [26], [28], [29], [33], [34], [36], [37]-60, 128, 129, 138, 139, 142, 148, 159, 160, 188-190, 209, 250
- order of, ii, [38]
- Isotœnia, i, 565
- isthmus, i, 45
- isthmus barriers, i, 255-281
- Isthmus of Panama,
- as barrier, i, 269
- fish fauna of, i, 266, 271
- species of shores, i, 269
- Isthmus of Suez, i, 255, 258
- as barrier, i, 266
- submergence of, i, 267
- Istiæus,
- figure of, ii, [46]
- Istiophoridæ, ii, [268]
- Istiophorus, ii, [269]
- Istlarius, ii, [182]
- Isuropsis,
- figure of, i, 537
- Isurus, i, 537, 538
- Italian parrot-fish, i, 48
- figure of, ii, [391]
- ito,
- figure of, ii, [107]
- itoryori, ii, [340]
- iwana, ii, [114]
- jack mariddle, ii, [43]
- Jackson,
- Jacobi,
- artificial impregnation by, i, 150
- Jacoby,
- Jacquinot, i, 408
- Jadgeska hatchery, ii, [86]
- Jækel, i, 427, 428, 591
- jallao, ii, [341]
- Janassa,
- teeth of, i, 554
- Japan,
- Black Current of, i, 255, 256, 258
- fishes of, i, 256
- fresh-water fauna of, i, 256
- Japan and Mediterranean
- fish faunas, i, 259, 260
- Japanese blenny,
- figure of, i, 9; ii, [513]
- Japanese catfish, ii, [183]
- Japanese dace, ii, [170]
- Japanese filefish,
- figure of, i, 241
- Japanese samlet,
- figure of, i, 321
- Japanese sea-horse,
- figure of, i, 250
- jaqueta, ii, [383]
- jara-bakka, i, 171
- jawfish,
- figure of, ii, [359]
- jaws, i, 201
- Jenkins, i, 420; ii, [52]
- on fishes of Panama, i, 274
- Jenkinsia, ii, [52]
- Jenyns, i, 408
- Jerdon, i, 416
- Jerusalem haddock, ii, [244]
- Jeude, i, 414
- jewfishes, ii, [321], [323]
- jiguagua, ii, [276]
- jocu, ii, [336]
- John,
- on climbing-fish, ii, [367]
- John dories, ii, [245], [247]
- figure of, ii, [248]
- Johnny darter, ii, [313]
- John Paw,
- figure of, ii, [325]
- Johnson, i, 410
- on interbreeding of trout, ii, [94]
- Johnston, i, 428
- jolt-head porgy,
- figure of, ii, [344]
- Jordan, i, 348, 408; ii, [522]
- Jordanella, i, 314; ii, [198]
- figure of, ii, [197]
- Jordania, ii, [441], [449]
- figure of, ii, [442]
- Jordanicus, ii, [522]
- jorobado, ii, [276]
- joturo, ii, [26]
- Joturus,
- figure of, ii, [222]
- Jugulares, i, 393
- Julis, i, 158, 235; ii, [389], [390]
- jurel, ii, [276]
- kæpra, i, 171
- kajika, ii, [118]
- kaku, ii, [221]
- Kalm, i, 390
- Kamchatka lamprey,
- figure of, i, 495
- Kamloops trout, ii, [101]
- Kansas River,
- blue-green sunfish from, i, 26
- Kareius, ii, [494]
- Karpinsky, i, 529
- Kaup, i, 411
- kawamasu, ii, [95]
- kawamuki, ii, [415]
- Kellogg's Zoology, i, 26
- Kelly
- on otoliths, i, 120
- kelpfish, ii, [389], [390], [507]
- kelts, ii, [91]
- Kent,
- Kerr, i, 619
- on Balfour's theory, i, 72
- on fin migration, i, 74
- on Gegenbaur theory, i, 73
- on external gill, i, 76, 78
- on Lepidosiren, i, 61, 620
- on morphology, i, 68
- Kessler, i, 411
- Kessleria, i, 252, 452; ii, [18], [20]
- keta, ii, [73]
- Kettleman, ii, [545]
- kihi kihi, ii, [406]
- killer, i, 361
- killifish, i, 290, 304; ii, [194], [198]
- hearing of, i, 121
- king crab,
- figure of, i, 572
- king darter,
- figure of, ii, [311]
- kingfish, ii, [266], [356]
- figure of, ii, [357]
- king of salmon, ii, [425]
- figure of, ii, [478]
- king of herrings, ii, [425], [472]
- king of mackerels,
- figure of, ii, [425]
- king salmon, ii, [68], [69]
- Kingsley,
- on ascidians, i, 474
- on degeneration, i, 460
- on sense organs, i, 175
- on tunicates, i, 466-468
- Kirsch, i, 422
- Kirtland, i, 418; ii, [35]
- Kirtlandia,
- figure of, ii, [217]
- Kishinouye, i, 418
- kisugo, ii, [358]
- Kittlitz, i, 410
- Klein, i, 390
- Klunzinger, i, 411
- Kner, i, 410, 411, 427
- on Ganoids, ii, [10]
- Kneriidæ,
- family of, ii, [204]
- knightfish, ii, [257]
- Knox, ii, [477]
- kobini-iwashi, ii, [52]
- kochi, ii, [441]
- Koenen, i, 427
- Koken, i, 427
- kokopu, ii, [204]
- kokos, ii, [71]
- Kolliker, i, 428
- Konwick, i, 427
- konoshiro, ii, [53]
- Kölreuter, i, 396
- Kowala, ii, [51]
- Kowalevskia, i, 474
- Kowalevsky, i, 428
- Krascheninnikov, i, 395; ii, [68]
- Krefft, i, 614
- Kröyer, i, 410
- Kuhlia, ii, [304]
- Kuhliidæ, ii, [297], [354]
- kumu, i, 322; ii, [352]
- Kundscha, ii, [114]
- Kuppfer's vesicle, i, 138
- kurodai, ii, [343]
- kuromutsu,
- figure of, ii, [213]
- Kuro Shiwo, i, 242, 251, 258
- fishes in, i, 239
- goblin shark of, i, 534
- Kurtidæ, ii, [287]
- Kurtus, ii, [288]
- Kyphosidæ, ii, [349], [364], [398]
- Kyphosus, ii, [350]
- figure of, ii, [349]
- Labidesthes, i, 313; ii, [218]
- Labrodon, ii, [385]
- Labrax, ii, [330]
- Labridæ, i, 207; ii, [372], [385], [390], [396]
- Labrus, i, 207, 260, 267, 391; ii, [385], [387]
- labyrinthine fishes, ii, [365], [370]
- Labyrinthinci, i, 149; ii, [365], [379]
- Labyrinthodontidæ, i, 86
- lac de marbre, ii, [109]
- Lacépède, i, 376, 389
- portrait of, i, 399
- Lachnolæmus, ii, [388]
- figure of, ii, [387]
- Lactariidæ, ii, [356]
- Lactarius, ii, [358]
- Lactophrys, ii, [417]
- ladyfish, i, 117, 198; ii, [388]
- figure of, i, 147; ii, [44]
- transformations in, i, 147
- La Favorite, the, i, 408
- Lafayette, ii, [356]
- Lagocephalus,
- figure of, ii, [419]
- Lagodon, ii, [344]
- Lake Bonneville,
- ancient outlet of, i, 303
- lake herring, ii, [65]-67
- lake lamprey,
- head of, figured, i, 111
- mouth figured, i, 492
- Lake Nicaragua,
- shark from, i, 542
- Lake Patzcuaro,
- viviparous fishes from, i, 126
- Lake Pontchartrain,
- fish fauna of, i, 314
- lake trout, ii, [66], [115]
- figure of, ii, [114]
- lake whiting, ii, [65]
- Lamdodus, i, 522
- Laminaria, ii, [544]
- Lamnidæ, i, 532, 537, 538, 542
- Lamna, i, 534, 538
- teeth of, figured, i, 537
- figure of, 447
- lamnoid sharks, i, 519, 533
- distinguished, i, 534
- families of, i, 534
- Lampetra, i, 491
- figure of, i, 120, 492
- lamprey, i, 28, 35, 56, 111, 204, 249, 290, 490, 506
- ascending brook figured, i, 496
- brain of, i, 112
- catfishes destroyed by, i, 358
- extinct forms, i, 487
- fate of, i, 504
- food of, i, 491
- gill-basket of, figured, i, 92, 485
- Kamchatka, i, 495
- method of attack, i, 493
- migration of, i, 494
- orders of, i, 488
- parasites of, i, 354
- Reighard on, i, 491
- spawning of, i, 498, 500
- structure of, i, 486
- Surface on, i, 491
- Lamprididæ, ii, [16]
- family of, ii, [243]
- Lampris, i, 210, 322; ii, [228], [245], [288]
- figure of, i, 323
- shoulder-girdle, figured, ii, [243]
- Lanarkia, i, 570, 622
- figure of, i, 574
- lancelet, i, 28, 31, 121, 204, 482-485, 506; ii, [467]
- characteristics of, i, 482
- figure of, i, 484
- habits of, i, 483
- vertebral column of, i, 55
- lancet-fish, ii, [408]
- figure of, ii, [135]
- lancet of surgeon-fish, i, 181
- lane-snapper,
- figure of, ii, [336]
- Lankester, i, 61, 87, 426, 571, 593
- lantern-fishes, ii, [41], [61], [128], [129], [525]
- figure of, ii, [133]
- lantern-flounder, ii, [488]
- laolach, i, 620
- Laparus, ii, [518]
- large-mouthed black bass,
- figure of, ii, [305]
- Larimus, ii, [355]
- Larvacea, i, 470, 473
- figure of, i, 480
- larval development of fishes, i, 139-141, 143-147, 174-176
- Dean on, i, 139
- in common eel, i, 141
- Gilbert on, i, 142
- figures showing, i, 140-142
- in brook lamprey, i, 140
- in sturgeon, i, 141
- larval flounder,
- figure of, ii, [483]
- larval forms,
- of Chætodon, i, 144
- figures of, i, 140-142
- of flounder, figured, i, 147, 175, 176
- of ladyfish, i, 147
- of Lepidosiren, i, 620, 621
- of Mola, i, 143, 145
- of sailfish, i, 140
- of swordfish, i, 139
- Lasianius,
- figure of, i, 580
- Lateolabrax, i, 324; ii, [320]
- lateral fold, i, 64
- Balfour on, i, 71-73
- Kerr on, i, 72
- Mollier on, i, 71
- lateral line, i, 9, 22, 23
- a mucous channel, i, 22
- Dean on, i, 23
- function of, i, 23
- relation to touch, i, 122
- in singing-fish, figured, i, 23
- Lates, ii, [320], [330]
- Latham, i, 396
- Latilidæ, the, ii, [361], [363]
- Latilus, ii, [362]
- Latrididæ, ii, [363], [364], [426]
- Latris, ii, [363]
- lavaret, ii, [65]
- lawyer, ii, [335], [538]
- Lay, i, 409
- Leach, i, 396
- leather-carp, i, 151
- leather-jackets, ii, [272], [413]
- Lebias, ii, [198], [201]
- lectocephalous condition,
- Günther on, i, 142
- Leidy, i, 426
- Leiognathidæ, ii, [287], [348]
- Leiognathus, ii, [287]
- Leiostomus, ii, [356]
- Leiuranus, ii, [150]
- length of intestine, i, 33
- Lentipes, ii, [466]
- leopard toadfish,
- figure of, ii, [525]
- Lepadogaster, i, 263; ii, [531]
- Lepechin, i, 396
- Lepidaplois, ii, [390]
- figure of, ii, [389]
- Lepidocottus, ii, [426], [449]
- Lepidopidæ,
- family of, ii, [267]
- Lepidopsetta, ii, [493]
- Lepidopus, i, 210; ii, [267]
- Lepidorhombus, i, 206; ii, [488]
- Lepidosiren, i, 60, 73, 85, 89, 100, 149, 450, 619, 621, 622
- adult male, figured, i, 620
- larval forms, figured, i, 620
- at 3 days, i, 620
- at 30 days, i, 621
- at 40 days, i, 621
- at three months, i, 621
- pectoral fin in, i, 60
- Lepidosirenidæ, i, 88, 612, 619
- Lepidostei, ii, [13], [26]
- Lepidosteids, ii, [32]
- Lepidosteoidei, i, 382
- Lepidotidæ, ii, [24]
- Lepidotes, ii, [24]
- Lepidotrigla, i, 259; ii, [456]
- Lepisoma, i, 208; ii, [508]
- Lepisosteidæ, i, 290; ii, [11], [29], [30]
- Lepisosteus, i, 32, 66, 85, 101, 102, 291, 314, 357, 604, 623; ii, [5], [6], [23], [29], [30], [32]
- Lepomis, i, 302; ii, [301]
- figure of, i, 4; ii, [300]
- Leptecheneis,
- figure of, i, 197; ii, [468]
- leptocardial tail, i, 81, 83
- Leptocardians, i, 383
- Leptocardii, i, 55, 482-485
- Leptocephalidæ, ii, [149]
- Leptocephalus, i, 211; ii, [148], [149]
- figure of, ii, [150]
- leptocercal tail, i, 50, 81, 83, 507, 602
- Agassiz on, i, 81
- figure of, i, 82
- Gaudry on, i, 84
- Leptocottus, ii, [448]
- Leptolepidæ, ii, [36], [41]
- Leptolepis, ii, [42]
- figure of, ii, [41]
- Leptomylus, i, 565
- Leptops, ii, [182]
- Leptoscopidæ, the, ii, [503], [506]
- Leptosmus, ii, [53]
- Leptotrachelus, ii, [136]
- Lepturus, i, 391
- lesser-weaver, i, 169
- Lesson, i, 408
- Le Sueur, i, 418
- Lethrinus, i, 268; ii, [347]
- Leuciscus, i, 254, 256, 346; ii, [168], [169]
- Leuckart, i, 609
- Leucopsarion, ii, [467]
- Lias, ii, [14]
- Libys, i, 605
- Ligul, a, i, 348
- Lilljeborg, i, 410
- Limanda, ii, [493]
- little roncador, ii, [356]
- Limulus, i, 569
- figure of, i, 572
- Lindström, i, 427
- ling, ii, [538]
- Linnæus, i, 375, 390; ii, [410], [424], [499]
- followers of, i, 394
- Systema Naturæ of, i, 392
- Linophryne, ii, [549]
- Linton,
- on parasitic diseases, i, 343-348
- Liodesmidæ, ii, [34]
- Liodesmus, ii, [34]
- lion-fish, ii, [434]
- Liopsetta, ii, [493]
- figure of, ii, [494]
- liparid, ii, [447], [454]
- Liparididæ,
- family of, ii, [454]
- Liparididæ, i, 189, 208, 218; ii, [313]
- Liparis, i, 202, 217, 219, 375, 380; ii, [449], [455]
- figure of, i, 218
- Lipogenyidæ, ii, [158]
- Lipogenys, ii, [158]
- Lister, i, 373, 375, 376
- lithographic shales, ii, [42]
- Litholepis, i, 364
- littoral fishes,
- distribution of, i, 247
- Liuranus,
- figure of, i, 233
- Liza, ii, [221]
- lizard-fishes, ii, [61]
- figure of, ii, [130]
- lizard-skipper,
- figure of, i, 230; ii, [509]
- loach, i, 290; ii, [185]
- Lobotes,
- figure of, ii, [331]
- Lobotidæ,
- family of, ii, [331]
- local barriers, i, 298
- Lockington, i, 419
- on long-jawed goby, ii, [462]-465
- log-perch,
- figure of, ii, [311]
- Lohest, i, 427
- lok-sild, ii, [67]
- longe, ii, [114]
- long-eared sunfish, i, 3-15
- figure of, i, 2, 3; ii, [300]
- long-jawed goby, ii, [462], [463]
- long-horned sculpin, ii, [447]
- long-jaw, ii, [66]
- long-necked eels, ii, [153]
- lophobranchii, ii, [9], [209], [227]-240
- lophobranchs, i, 92
- suborder of, ii, [235]
- Lophogobius, i, 208
- Lophiidæ, i, 206; ii, [542]
- Lophiomus, i, 207, 271; ii, [547]
- Lophius, i, 169, 202, 206, 391; ii, [542], [545], [547], [548]
- figure of, i, 18; ii, [545]
- lophocercal tail, i, 81, 83
- Lopholatilus, i, 94, 357; ii, [361]
- Lophopsetta, ii, [488]
- figure of, ii, [487]
- Lophotes, i, 260, 263; ii, [291]
- Lophotidæ, ii, [292]
- family of, ii, [291]
- Loricaria, i, 393
- figure of, ii, [186]
- Loricariidæ, ii, [185], [186], [449]
- Loricati, ii, [426], [455]
- loro, ii, [394], [396]
- Lota, i, 109, 209, 316; ii, [538]
- figure of, ii, [539]
- Lotella, i, 259
- louse-fish, ii, [469]
- louvar,
- figure of, ii, [290]
- Loven,
- on Arctic species, i, 317
- Lowe, i, 410
- Lowell,
- on trout, ii, [108]
- lower jaw,
- figure of, i, 526
- of Cochliodus figured, i, 531
- of Neoceratodus figured, i, 616
- of Polypterus figured, i, 606
- lower pharyngeals,
- figure of, ii, [171]
- Lower Silurian,
- shark teeth from, i, 508
- lowland fishes,
- dispersion of, i, 313
- Luciæ, i, 477
- Lucifuga, i, 314; ii, [524]
- figure of, i, 222; ii, [524]
- Lucigobius, ii, [467]
- Luciocephalidæ, ii, [370]
- Luciocephalus, ii, [370]
- Lucioperca, ii, [315]
- Lucas,
- on Therobromus, ii, [127]
- luminous organs, i, 187
- von Lendenfeld on, i, 189
- of Porichthys, figured, i, 191
- Lumpenus, i, 209; ii, [513]
- lumpfish, i, 208; ii, [135], [453], [454]
- figure of, i, 220; ii, [454]
- lump-sucker, ii, [453], [455]
- lung-fish, i, 100, 458, 609-622
- lungs of the fish,
- origin of, i, 98, 99
- Morris on, i, 98
- lurking-fishes,
- Whitmee on, i, 169
- Lutianidæ, ii, [323], [335]
- family of, i, 333; ii, [340]
- Lutianus, i, 324; ii, [330], [333], [335], [336]
- Lütken, i, 410; ii, [33], [133]
- on Selene, i, 144
- on flying-fish, ii, [214]
- Luvaridæ, ii, [291]
- Luvarus, ii, [291]
- figure of, ii, [290]
- Lycenchelys,
- figure of, ii, [519]
- Lycodapodidæ, ii, [520]
- Lycodes, ii, [518]
- figure of, ii, [519]
- Lycodapus,
- figure of, ii, [520]
- Lycodopsis, ii, [518]
- Lycodes, i, 209
- Lycoptera, ii, [41]
- Lyman,
- on the museum at Paris, i, 401
- Lyomeri,
- Lyopomi, ii, [138], [158], [189]
- Lyopsetta, i, 205
- Lyrifera, i, 462, 508
- Lysopteri, i, 623; ii, [13]
- maaji, ii, [274]
- maccaroni piatti, i, 351
- Macleay, i, 416, 428
- Macdonald, i, 419
- Macdonaldia, ii, [157]
- Mackenzie salmon, ii, [67]
- mackerel, i, 19, 117, 156, 210; ii, [258], [259]
- mackerel-midges, ii, [539]
- mackerel-scads, ii, [274]
- mackerel-shark, i, 533
- figure of, i, 447, 537
- Mackinaw trout, ii, [114]
- Macrias, ii, [502]
- Macrodon, ii, [354]
- Macropetalichthyidæ,
- family of, i, 585
- Macropetalichthys, i, 583, 585, 589, 590
- Macropharyngodon, ii, [390]
- Macrophthalmia, i, 491
- Macropistius, ii, [26]
- Macropodus, ii, [369], [370]
- Macropoma, i, 605
- Macrorhamphosidæ, ii, [227], [234], [235]
- Macrorhamphosus, i, 259
- figure of, ii, [234]
- Macrosemiidæ, ii, [26], [28]
- Macrosemius, ii, [26]
- Macrouridæ, i, 84; ii, [541]
- vertebræ in, 209; ii, [540]
- mademoiselle,
- figure of, ii, [355]
- mad tom, ii, [182]
- figure of, i, 179; ii, [182]
- Mænidæ,
- family of, ii, [347]
- magifi, ii, [288]
- mahogany snapper, ii, [337]
- maigre, ii, [355]
- mail-cheek fishes, ii, [426]
- makrede, i, 171
- makua, ii, [425]
- Malacanthidæ, ii, [361], [499]
- Malacanthus, ii, [361]
- Malacopterygii, i, 391; ii, [208]
- Malacopterygium, ii, [39]
- Malacorhinus, i, 553
- Malacosteidæ, ii, [128], [134]
- Malapterurus, ii, [183]
- malau, ii, [253]
- Mallotus,
- figure of, ii, [126]
- Malm, i, 410
- malma, i, 326
- figure of, ii, [112]
- Malmgren, i, 410
- on Arctic species, i, 317
- Malpighi, i, 390
- Malthe, i, 206
- Malthopsis, ii, [552]
- mandible,
- suspensorium of, i, 43, 120
- mandibular rami, i, 589
- man-eating shark, i, 538
- Maner,
- on external gill, i, 77
- mangrove snapper, ii, [335]
- man-of-war fish, ii, [285]
- Manta, i, 448, 560
- figure of, i, 559
- map of continents, i, 270
- Mapo, ii, [461]
- Marcgraf, i, 389
- Marcgravia, ii, [526]
- Marcusen, i, 428
- marine blenny, i, 118
- marine fishes,
- checked by barriers, i, 241
- distribution of, i, 246
- Mariposa, ii, [244], [403]
- Marquette, ii, [64]
- Marsh,
- on eye of Anableps, ii, [195]
- Marsiobranch, i, 592, 593
- Marsipobranchi, i, 486
- Martin pescador, ii, [550]
- Mason, ii, [73]
- Mastacembelidæ, ii, [532]
- Mastacembelus, ii, [157]
- figure of, ii, [532]
- Masticura, i, 555
- masu, ii, [68], [73]
- matajuelo, ii, [252], [253]
- matajuelo blanco, ii, [361]
- matao, ii, [249]
- matodai, ii, [333]
- matsubara, i, 418
- Matthew, i, 427
- Mauer,
- on external gill, i, 77
- Maurolicidæ,
- family of, ii, [134]
- Maurolicus, ii, [134]
- maxillary,
- figure of, i, 55
- of Sebastolobus, i, 55
- mayfish,
- figure of, ii, [198]
- McClelland, i, 416
- McCoy, i, 82, 410, 581
- McGregor, i, 422
- McKay, i, 420
- McMurrich, i, 428
- meaji, ii, [275]
- meaning of species, i, 293
- Coues on, i, 379
- measurements of the fish, i, 19
- mebaru, ii, [429], [431]
- Meckel's cartilage, i, 44, 57, 507, 596, 606
- Meda, ii, [169]
- Meddagh,
- photograph by, i, 164
- Medialuna, ii, [350]
- medregal, ii, [274]
- Meek,
- on trout, ii, [105]
- Megalaspis, ii, [274]
- Megalichthyidæ, i, 602, 603
- Megalichthys,
- figure of, i, 604
- Megalops, ii, [43]
- Megalurus,
- figure of, ii, [36]
- Megaperca, ii, [322]
- Megaprotodon, ii, [404]
- mejenidai, ii, [348]
- Melamphaës, ii, [252]
- Melaniris, ii, [218]
- Melanocetus, ii, [548]
- Melanogrammus, i, 209; ii, [539]
- Melanotænia, ii, [218]
- Melanotæniidæ, ii, [218]
- Melichthys, ii, [413]
- Melletes,
- figure of, i, 288
- membrane bone of face, i, 44
- Mene,
- figure of, ii, [288]
- menhaden,
- figure of, i, 340; ii, [51]
- Menidia, ii, [218]
- Menidæ,
- family of, ii, [218]
- Menomonee whitefish, ii, [63]
- Menopneumona, i, 612
- Menticirrhus,
- figure of, ii, [357]
- mergate fish, ii, [341]
- Merlangus, i, 209; ii, [537]
- Merluccius, i, 209; ii, [136]
- figure of, ii, [540]
- isocercal tail of, i, 83
- shoulder-girdle of, i, 60
- Merluciidæ, ii, [540]
- mermaid, i, 359
- merou, ii, [323], [324]
- Merriam,
- on fossil trout, ii, [62]
- Mesencephalon,
- figured, i, 109, 110
- mesentary, i, 32
- Mesichthys, ii, [190]
- mesocoracoid, i, 89; ii, [12]
- mesoderm, i, 138
- Mesodon, ii, [22]
- Mesogonistius, ii, [301]
- figure of, ii, [299]
- Mesolepis, ii, [15]
- mesopterygium, i, 58, 511, 512, 523; ii, [12]
- Mesopus, ii, [124]
- Swan on, ii, [123]
- Mesozoic fishes, i, 437
- metameral characters, i, 23
- metapterygium, i, 58, 511, 512, 523; ii, [12]
- metencephalon, figured, i, 109
- Michigan grayling,
- figure of, ii, [122]
- Microbranchium, i, 577
- Microcanthus, ii, [404]
- Microdesmus, i, 271
- Microdon, i, 204
- Microgadus, ii, [537]
- figure of, ii, [538]
- Microlepidotus, i, 271
- Microperca, ii, [307], [315]
- Micropogon, i, 271; ii, [356]
- Micropterus, i, 291, 302; ii, [297], [302], [304]
- Microspathodon, i, 271; ii, [384], [385]
- figure of, ii, [384]
- Microstoma, ii, [127]
- Microstomidæ, ii, [127]
- Microstomus, ii, [494]
- midshipman, i, 121, 189; ii, [526]
- luminous organs of, i, 191
- migratory fishes, i, 160
- milkfish,
- figure of, ii, [45]
- milktschitsch, ii, [73]
- Miller, i, 426
- miller's thumb, ii, [444]
- Milner, i, 419
- on whitefish, ii, [64]
- minnow, i, 33, 124, 304; ii, [118], [161], [163], [193], [196]-199
- treatment of eggs by, i, 129
- Minous, ii, [436]
- Mioplosus, ii, [315]
- Mirbelia, ii, [531]
- mirror carp, i, 151; ii, [17]
- Misaki,
- tide pools of, i, 161
- Misgurnus, i, 98; ii, [176]
- Mississippi Valley,
- blind fishes of, i, 117, 220
- stone-roller of, i, 33
- Missouri sucker, ii, [173]
- Mistichthys, ii, [467]
- Mitchill, i, 376, 418
- Mitchillina, ii, [60]
- Mitsukurina, i, 199, 536, 566
- figures of, i, 535
- Mitsukurinidæ, i, 534
- Mitsukuri, i, 418
- on phosphorescent shark, i, 189
- portrait of, i, 417
- Mivart,
- on paired limbs, i, 70
- monana, ii, [353]
- Mobula, i, 448
- fœtus of, i, 560
- Mobulidæ, i, 559
- mojarra, ii, [348]
- figure of, ii, [348]
- mojarra cardenal, ii, [254]
- mojarra de las piedras, ii, [405]
- mojarra de ley, ii, [348]
- mojarra verde, ii, [381]
- Mola, i, 19, 84, 142, 206, 272; ii, [424], [425]
- figure of, ii, [424]
- larva of, figured, i, 143
- Molgula, i, 474
- Molgulidæ, i, 474
- Molidæ, ii, [424]
- Molina, i, 396
- Mollier,
- on lateral fold, i, 71
- Mollienesia, ii, [199]
- Mollusca, ii, [529]
- Molva, i, 209; ii, [538]
- Monacanthidæ, i, 242
- family of, ii, [413]
- Monacanthus, i, 181, 206; ii, [414]
- du Monceau, i, 396
- Mondini, ii, [144]
- mongrel whitefish, ii, [67]
- monkfish, i, 359; ii, [545]
- brain of, figured, i, 547
- pectoral fin, figured, i, 56
- Monocentridæ, ii, [250]
- Monocentrus, i, 260
- figure of, ii, [257]
- Monoceros, i, 268; ii, [409]
- Monodactylus, ii, [398]
- figure of, ii, [397]
- Monolene, i, 206
- Monopteridæ, ii, [141]
- Monopterus, ii, [141]
- Monorhinus, i, 593
- Monotaxis, ii, [344]
- Monro, i, 390
- monstre marin, i, 360, 361
- monstrosities among fishes, i, 150
- monstrous goldfish,
- figure of, i, 151
- Montagu, i, 396
- month incubation, i, 170, 171, 172
- Günther on, i, 173
- Moorish idols, ii, [406]
- figure of, ii, [406]
- Moodeliar,
- mooneye, i, 290; ii, [45]
- moonfishes, i, 144; ii, [243], [244], [276], [401]
- figure of, i, 323
- morays, ii, [152], [153]
- figure of, i, 458; ii, [155]
- Mordacia, i, 491
- Mordaciidæ, i, 491
- Moreau, i, 95, 412
- Morgan, i, 428
- Moringua, ii, [153], [189]
- Moringuidæ, ii, [188], [189]
- family of, ii, [153]
- Mormyrus, i, 393
- Morone, ii, [321]
- figure of, ii, [322]
- morphology, i, 511
- of fins, i, 62-90
- Morris,
- on lungs of fishes, i, 98-106
- mortality of filefish, i, 357
- Moseley,
- on Ipnopidæ, ii, [131]
- Moser,
- on catching salmon, ii, [85]
- moss-bunker, ii, [51]
- motor nerves, i, 153
- mountain chains,
- as barriers, i, 310
- mountain-oopu, ii, [466]
- mountain-witch, ii, [445]
- Mount Whitney,
- golden trout of, ii, [99]
- Moxostoma, ii, [174]
- mu, ii, [344]
- mucous channels, i, 22, 23
- mud-bass, ii, [297]
- mud-dab, ii, [493]
- mud-minnows, i, 290; ii, [35], [193], [194]
- mud-minnows,
- figure of, ii, [193]
- tenacity of life in, i, 147
- mud-skippers, ii, [465]
- figure of, ii, [466]
- muffle jaws, ii, [444]
- Mugil, i, 32, 157, 343, 391; ii, [144], [219]
- figure of, i, 330; ii, [221]
- Mugilidæ, i, 206; ii, [219]
- muki-muki, i, 183; ii, [420]
- Müller, i, 384, 396, 405, 415, 428, 609, 613; ii, [3], [24], [39], [40], [144], [533]
- Mullerian duct, i, 28
- mullets, i, 117, 268, 328; ii, [39], [144], [215], [219], [221]
- Mullidæ, i, 206; ii, [257], [351]-379
- Mullus, i, 261, 393; ii, [256]
- figure of, i, 322; ii, [352]
- Munster, i, 423
- munu, i, 322; ii, [352]
- Muræna, i, 211, 391; ii, [152]
- figure of, ii, [153]
- Murænesocidæ, ii, [150]
- Murænesox, i, 211; ii, [150]
- Murænidæ, i, 211; ii, [152], [155]
- Murænolepidæ, ii, [541]
- Murchison, i, 423
- murcielago, ii, [458]
- muroaji, ii, [274]
- muscles of the fish, i, 25
- muskallonge,
- figure of, ii, [192]
- Musquaw whitefish, ii, [65]
- Mustelus, i, 71, 541
- mutsu, ii, [317]
- mutton-fish, i, 324; ii, [518]
- mutton-snapper, ii, [335]
- figure of, i, 331
- Mycteroperca, 271; ii, [325], [327]
- figure of, ii, [327]
- Myctophidæ, i, 189, 204; ii, [132]-134, 526
- Myctophum, i, 195; ii, [133], [134]
- figure of, ii, [133]
- Myliobatis, i, 557, 558
- Mylognathus, i, 565
- Mylostoma, i, 583, 584, 587, 589, 590
- Mylostomidæ, i, 587
- myotomes, i, 71
- Myoxocephalus, ii, [445]
- Myriacanthidæ, i, 566
- Myriacanthus, i, 566; ii, [255]
- Myrichthys,
- figure of, ii, [151]
- Myridæ, ii, [148], [150]
- Myriolepis, ii, [14]
- Myripristis, i, 162, 268, 271; ii, [254]-256
- Myrocongridæ, ii, [153]
- Myrophis, i, 313
- Myrus, i, 259, 263; ii, [150]
- Mysis, i, 317
- Mysore,
- walking-fish of, i, 167
- mythology of fishes, i, 359-366
- Myxine, i, 198, 490, 593
- Myxinidæ, i, 489
- Myxobolus, i, 343
- Myxocyprinus, ii, [173]
- Myxodagnus, ii, [506]
- Myxodes, ii, [508]
- Myxosporidia, i, 342, 344
- Myzontes, i, 486
- Nagg's head-fish, i, 375, 376
- Naisia, ii, [32]
- namazu, ii, [188]
- names of bones, i, 39
- names of fishes, i, 372
- nami-ho-hana, ii, [218]
- Nandidæ, ii, [358]
- Nannocharax, ii, [162]
- Nansenia, ii, [127]
- Narcine,
- figure of, i, 185, 553
- Narcobatidæ,
- family of, i, 553
- Narcobatis, i, 553
- Nardo, i, 412
- Nassau,
- figure of, ii, [324]
- natural selection,
- effect of, i, 318
- in fishes, i, 218
- process of, i, 297
- species changed by, i, 240
- Naucrates, ii, [272], [278]
- figure of, ii, [273]
- Nantichthys, ii, [448]
- Nebris, ii, [355]
- Necturus, i, 157, 600
- needle-bearing filefish,
- figure of, ii, [414]
- needle-fishes, i, 128
- figure of, ii, [210]
- negro-chub, ii, [167]
- negro-fish, ii, [324]
- Nelson, i, 419
- Nemachilus, ii, [176]
- Nematognathi, i, 405; ii, [9], [40], [161], [177], [178]
- Nematistiidæ, ii, [278]
- Nematocentrus, ii, [218]
- Nematodes, i, 344
- Linton on, i, 352
- Nematonurus, ii, [541]
- Nemichthyidæ, ii, [151]
- Nemichthys, i, 211; ii, [151]
- figure of, i, 17, 365; ii, [152]
- jaws figured, i, 156
- Nemipterus, ii, [340]
- Nemopteryx, ii, [539]
- Neoceratodus, i, 79, 80, 100, 116, 204, 450, 613
- eggs of, i, 618
- figure of, i, 614
- lower jaw of, figured, i, 616
- shoulder-girdle in, i, 68, 609
- skull of, i, 67
- Neochanna, i, 252; ii, [206]
- Neoclinus, ii, [462]
- figure of, ii, [507]
- Neoditrema, ii, [375]
- Neoliparis, ii, [455]
- figure of, ii, [455]
- Neopercis, ii, [502]
- Neosebastes, ii, [433]
- nerka, ii, [73]
- nerve cells and fibres, i, 152
- nerves of fishes, i, 113, 114
- nervous system, i, 109-114
- nest-building, ii, [229]
- nest of fish, i, 14, 172
- Nettastoma, i, 211, 259; ii, [151]
- Nettastomidæ, ii, [148], [151]
- neurentric canal, i, 138
- Newberry, i, 426, 428, 584, 589
- New England,
- scanty fauna of, i, 302
- Newton, i, 426
- New Zealand,
- fauna of, i, 252
- nezupo, ii, [441]
- nictitating membrane, i, 540
- nijinge-rijinge, i, 171, 172
- Nieuhof, i, 396
- Nilsson, i, 410
- Niphon, ii, [320]
- nohu, ii, [434]
- noises of fishes, i, 168, 169
- Nomeidæ, ii, [283]
- nomenclature, i, 173
- beginning of, i, 374
- trinomial, i, 378
- of trunkfishes, i, 373
- Nordmann, i, 410
- northern blennies, ii, [511]
- northern zone, i, 250
- Norway haddock, ii, [428]
- Notacanthidæ, ii, [157]
- Notacanthus, ii, [157], [532]
- figure of, ii, [158]
- Notæus, ii, [36]
- Notagogus, ii, [26]
- figure of, ii, [28]
- Notelops, ii, [44]
- Notidiani, i, 447, 513, 519, 526
- order of, i, 523
- Notidanoid shark, i, 438
- skull of, figured, i, 56
- Notidanus, i, 523, 524
- notochord, i, 55, 56, 509
- in Chimæras, i, 59
- in Elasmobranchs, i, 57
- Notogeneus, i, 456
- figure of, ii, [55]
- Notopteridæ, ii, [48], [49]
- Notopterus, ii, [49]
- Nototheniidæ, ii, [501], [502], [533]
- Notropis, i, 129, 283, 304, 307, 311, 313; ii, [164]
- Noturus, i, 180; ii, [177], [182]
- Novaculichthys, ii, [390]
- Novara, i, 410
- Nozawa, i, 418
- numbers of genera, i, 262
- numbfish,
- figure of, i, 185, 553
- number of vertebræ, i, 202-204
- nuptial colors, i, 155, 156
- nuptial tubercles, i, 33
- figure showing, ii, [167]
- Nyström, i, 416
- oarfish, i, 361; ii, [472]
- Oatka Creek, i, 282
- Oblata, i, 260; ii, [348]
- ocean currents,
- agency of, i, 242
- Ocyurus,
- figure of, ii, [337]
- Odacidæ, ii, [388]
- Odax, ii, [390]
- Odontaspididæ, i, 533
- Odontaspis, i, 534
- Odontoscion, ii, [355]
- Odontostomus, ii, [136]
- Odontotodontidæ, i, 576
- Odontotodus,
- figure of, i, 570
- Ogcocephalidæ, ii, [551]
- Ogcocephalus,
- figure of, ii, [551]-553
- shoulder-girdle in, i, 88
- Ogilby, i, 408, 416
- on ragfishes, ii, [285]
- oil shark, i, 524
- Oikopleura, i, 474
- ojanco, ii, [337]
- okose, i, 236, 429; ii, [436]
- oldwench, ii, [413]
- oldwife, ii, [413]
- Old World catfish, ii, [182]
- olfactory lobe,
- figure of, i, 111
- Oligocottus, ii, [447], [449]
- figure of, ii, [449]
- Oligopleuridæ, ii, [36], [41]
- Oligopleurus, ii, [36]
- Oligoplites, ii, [272]
- Oligorus, ii, [320]
- ombre chevalier, ii, [108], [109]
- Omosoma, ii, [284]
- Omosudis, ii, [136]
- Onchus,
- Agassiz on, i, 530
- fin-spine of, i, 509
- Oncobatis, i, 553
- Oncottus, i, 317; ii, [447], [449]
- figure of, ii, [447]
- Oncolepis, ii, [513]
- Oncopterus, ii, [489]
- Oncorhynchus, i, 146, 160, 301, 329, 332; ii, [68], [70], [89], [94]
- ontogeny, i, 511
- ontology, i, 63
- oopu, ii, [465]
- Onychodontidæ, i, 602, 604
- Onychodus, i, 604
- opahs, i, 210; ii, [243]
- opercle, i, 7, 45
- opercula,
- used in climbing, ii, [367]
- operculum, ii, [7]
- Ophicephalidæ, ii, [370]
- Ophidiidæ, ii, [520]
- Ophidion, i, 391, 612
- Ophichthyidæ, i, 211; ii, [150]
- Ophichthus,
- figure of, ii, [151]
- Ophiocephalidæ, i, 103, 104; ii, [215]
- Ophiocephalus, i, 149
- figure of, i, 150
- Ophiodon, ii, [442], [518], [520]
- figure of, ii, [440]
- Ophioblennius, ii, [510]
- Ophiopsis, ii, [26]
- Ophocephalus,
- figure of, ii, [370]
- Opistharthri, i, 509
- Opisthocentrus, ii, [512]
- Opisthocœlian, i, 49; ii, [29]
- Opisthocœlous, ii, [6]
- Opisthognathidæ, ii, [330], [359], [499], [502]
- Opisthognathus, ii, [462], [508]
- figure of, ii, [360]
- Opisthomi, i, 611; ii, [499], [532]-542
- Opisthomyzon, ii, [469]
- Storms on, ii, [469]
- Opisthonema, ii, [51], [53]
- opisthure, i, 84
- Oplegnathus, i, 260
- Opsanus, ii, [525]
- figure of, ii, [524]
- Opsariichthys, ii, [165]
- optic nerves,
- of flounders, ii, [482]
- orbitophenoid, ii, [40]
- orca, i, 361, 536
- order,
- defined, i, 373
- organs of the fish,
- electric, i, 25
- of hearing, i, 119-121
- nutritive, i, 29
- Orectolobus, i, 533
- Orestias, ii, [200]
- Oregon lamprey,
- figure of, i, 496
- Oregon sucker,
- teeth of, figured, ii, [175]
- Ordovician deposits,
- figure of, i, 435
- origin,
- of air-bladder, i, 98
- of fins, i, 62, 64, 67
- of lungs, i, 98
- origin of lancelets,
- Willey on, i, 484
- Orodontidæ, i, 65, 66, 447, 528
- Orr,
- on external gill, i, 77
- Ortmann, i, 238, 256, 270
- map of continents, i, 270
- Orthacanthus, i, 521
- Orthodon, ii, [165]
- Orthopristis, ii, [342]
- Orthopsetta, i, 206; ii, [489]
- Orthostœchus, i, 271
- Osbeck, i, 389
- Osbeckia, ii, [414]
- figure of, ii, [414]
- Osborn,
- on extinction of species, i, 239, 442
- on law of radiation, i, 296
- Osmeroides, ii, [44], [134]
- Osmerus, i, 391; ii, [123], [127]
- figure of, ii, [123]
- Osphromenidæ, ii, [368], [370]
- Osphromenus, ii, [368]
- ossicles,
- Hasse on, i, 96
- Ostariophysi, i, 120; ii, [38], [40], [140], [209]
- series of, ii, [159]-165
- Osteoglossidæ, ii, [56], [60], [160]
- Osteoglossum, ii, [11], [41], [42], [56], [57]
- Osteolepis, i, 602-604
- Osteostraci, i, 568, 571, 573, 590
- order of, i, 575
- Ostichthys,
- figure of, ii, [255]
- Ostraciidæ, i, 568
- family of, ii, [415]
- Ostracion, i, 206, 373, 391; ii, [416]-418
- figure of, i, 16, 376; ii, [416]
- Ostracodermi, i, 568; ii, [398], [411], [415]
- Ostracophores, i, 240, 242, 246, 444, 488, 568, 581, 582, 590, 603; ii, [3]
- figure of, i, 444
- nature of, i, 569
- order of, i, 573
- Ostracophori, i, 462
- class of, i, 568, 569
- Osurus, ii, [502]
- Otaki, i, 418, 422
- Otodus, i, 538
- otoliths, i, 119-121; 354
- Otsego bass, ii, [64]
- Ouananiche, ii, [92], [93]
- Overland Monthly,
- reference to, ii, [69]
- oviducts, ii, [6]
- oviparous fishes, i, 125
- ovoviviparous fishes, i, 125, 550
- Owen, i, 88, 90, 424, 428
- Owsjannikow, i, 428
- Owston,
- sharks taken by, i, 534
- Oxuderces, ii, [468]
- Oxudercidæ, ii, [468]
- Oxygnathus, ii, [14]
- Oxylabracidæ, ii, [320], [327]
- family of, ii, [319]
- Oxylabrax, ii, [320], [355]
- figure of, ii, [319]
- Oxylebius, ii, [440]
- Oxyjulis, ii, [388]
- Oxymonacanthus, ii, [415]
- Oxynotidæ, i, 546
- Oxynotus, i, 546
- Oxystomus, i, 259
- oyster-fish, ii, [525]
- Ozorthe, ii, [513]
- figure of, i, 9; ii, [513]
- Pachycormidæ, ii, [34]
- Pachycormus, ii, [34]
- Pachylebias, ii, [201]
- Pachyrhizodontidæ, ii, [44]
- Pachyrhizodus, ii, [44]
- Pacific Creek, i, 308, 309
- paddle-fish, i, 199, 253, 290; ii, [20]
- Pagellus, i, 260, 267; ii, [344], [346]
- Pagrus, i, 94, 259, 263, 324; ii, [343], [344], [346]
- figure of, ii, [342]
- paired fins,
- in Acanthodei, i, 515
- Balfour on, ii, [8]
- migration of, i, 75
- origin of, i, 64
- Ryder on, i, 66
- paired limbs,
- Dean on, i, 81
- Mivart on, i, 70
- relation of, i, 69
- Thacker on, i, 70
- Gill on, i, 85
- palæichthyologists, i, 424, 426, 427
- palæichthyology, i, 426
- Palæichthys, ii, [3]
- Palæobalistum, ii, [22]
- Palæoniscidæ, i, 452, 580; ii, [4], [14], [15], [23]
- Palæoniscum, i, 437, 622
- palæontology, evidence of, i, 64
- Palæorhynchidæ,
- family of, ii, [268]
- Palæorhynchus, ii, [268]
- figure of, ii, [268]
- Palæospinax, i, 528
- Palæospondylidæ, i, 593
- Palæospondylus, i, 204, 437, 444, 593, 595, 596
- figure of, i, 591
- relationships of, i, 593
- palatines, i, 6
- palatopterygoid arch, ii, [152], [155]
- palato-quadrate apparatus, i, 508, 509, 523
- Palinurichthys, ii, [284]
- Pallas, ii, [67], [135], [428], [522]
- Pallasina, ii, [453]
- figure of, i, 221; ii, [453]
- Palœaspis, i, 575
- palometa, i, 324; ii, [283]
- pampano, i, 210, 324; ii, [272]-292
- panai feri, ii, [367]
- Panama,
- as barrier, i, 270
- final hypothesis as to, i, 279
- pancreas, i, 32
- Pander, i, 427
- pan fish, ii, [355]
- Panicum, ii, [369]
- Pantodon, ii, [60]
- Pantodontidæ, ii, [57]
- Pantosteus, i, 304, 316; ii, [172]
- papagallo, ii, [278]
- papilla, i, 115
- Pappichthys, ii, [36]
- Parabatrachus, i, 604
- Paracentropogon, ii, [436]
- Paracentropristis, ii, [328]
- Paracirrhites, ii, [363]
- paraglenal, i, 90; ii, [12]
- Paragobiodon, ii, [466]
- Paralabrax, ii, [328]
- Paralepidæ, ii, [136]
- Paralichthys, i, 206; ii, [482], [486], [492]
- Paraliparis, i, 202, 219; ii, [454], [455]
- Paramia, ii, [317]
- Paranguilla, ii, [150]
- Paranthias, ii, [328]
- Paraphyllodus, ii, [396]
- Parapristipoma, ii, [342]
- Parapegasus, ii, [240]
- Parapercis, ii, [502]
- Parasilurus, ii, [183]
- parasites of fishes,
- crustaceans, i, 340
- figures illustrating, i, 341-344
- fungi, i, 353
- Heart Lake tapeworm, i, 348
- hosts of, i, 343
- internal, i, 342
- protozoans, i, 342
- parasitic diseases,
- Gurley on, i, 342
- Linton on, i, 343
- Megnin on, i, 343
- Railliet on, i, 343
- Stiles on, i, 343
- Ward on, i, 343
- parasitic fungi, i, 353
- parasitic worms,
- acanthocephala, i, 344
- cestodes, i, 344
- an article of food, i, 351
- nematodes, i, 344
- trematodes, i, 344
- Paratrachichthys, i, 439; ii, [295]
- figure of, ii, [253]
- Paraxus, i, 517
- Pareioplitæ, ii, [426]-458
- parental affection in fishes, i, 166, 167
- Parexocœtus, ii, [214]
- parent-stream theory, ii, [81]
- Parequula, ii, [287]
- pargo criollo, i, 324; ii, [335]
- pargo de lo alto, ii, [336]
- pargo guachinango, ii, [335]
- pargos, ii, [333]
- Park, i, 393
- Parker, i, 90, 428, 594; ii, [160], [482]
- Parnell, i, 410
- Parophrys, ii, [493]
- Parr, ii, [91]
- Parra, i, 396
- parrot-fish, i, 21; ii, [56], [360], [385], [390], [393]
- parts of skeleton, i, 35
- paru, ii, [405]
- Patæcidæ, ii, [516]
- Patæcus, ii, [514]
- patao, ii, [348]
- Patten, i, 428
- on Ostracophores, i, 569
- pesce re, ii, [218]
- peacock flounders, ii, [488]
- pearlfish, i, 84, 159; ii, [522]
- figure of, i, 522, 523
- pêche prêtre, ii, [429]
- Peck, i, 419
- pecten, ii, [6]
- pectoral fin, i, 10, 521
- of Chiloscyllium, i, 66
- of codfish, i, 66
- figure of, i, 57, 66
- Gegenbaur on, i, 66, 67
- of Heptranchias, i, 57
- origin of, i, 67
- pectoral limb, i, 50
- of Dipnoan, i, 60
- figure of, i, 85
- Kerr on, i, 61
- in shark, i, 60
- peculiar,
- jaws and teeth, i, 201
- larval forms, i, 142
- pediculates, i, 51, 206, 207, 405; ii, [40], [499]
- order of, ii, [542]-553
- Pegador,
- figure of, i, 197; ii, [468]
- pegapega, ii, [468]
- Pegasidæ, ii, [240]
- family of, ii, [239]
- Pegasus, i, 393; ii, [240]
- peixe rey, ii, [216]
- pelagic fishes, i, 245
- vertebræ in, i, 209
- Pelamis, i, 364
- Pelargorhynchus, ii, [136]
- Pelates, ii, [342]
- Pelecanus, i, 345
- Pelecopterus, ii, [34]
- pelican,
- fish parasites in, i, 345
- pelican-eel, ii, [156]
- Pellegrin, i, 412
- on poisonous fishes, i, 182-184
- Pelor, i, 180; ii, [434]
- Peltacephalata, i, 568
- pelvic girdle, i, 42
- Pempheridæ, ii, [288]
- Pempheris, ii, [289]
- penfishes, ii, [344]
- Penella, i, 242
- Pennant, i, 396
- on parental affection in fishes, i, 166
- Pentacerotidæ,[[14]] ii, [333]
[14]. This family should stand as Histiopteridæ, the name Pentaceros, Pentacerotidæ, being used earlier for starfishes.
- pentadactyle limb, i, 79
- Pentapus, ii, [341]
- Peprilus, ii, [285]
- figure of, i, 18; ii, [284]
- Perca, 391; ii, [307], [315], [367]
- brain of, i, 111
- figure of, ii, [308]
- Percalates, ii, [320]
- Percarina, ii, [310]
- Percesoces, ii, [157], [208], [228], [290], [360], [370], [521], [522]
- order of, ii, [215]
- perches, i, 21, 209, 290, 304; ii, [168], [258], [304], [307], [310]
- Percichthys, ii, [320]
- Percidæ, i, 209, 248, 290, 406; ii, [171], [258], [294], [304], [309], [320]
- family of, ii, [304]
- Percilia, ii, [320]
- Percina, ii, [306], [310]
- figure of, ii, [311]
- Percis, ii, [453]
- Percoidea, ii, [293]-315
- Percoidei, ii, [398]
- percoid fishes, ii, [293]-315
- Percomorphi, ii, [258]-271, 365, 397, 398, 426
- suborder of, ii, [258]
- Percophidæ, ii, [502]
- Percopsidæ, i, 290; ii, [241]
- family of, ii, [241]
- Percopsis, i, 316; ii, [296]
- figure of, ii, [241]
- periblast, i, 136
- Periophthalmus, i, 117; ii, [465], [510]
- figure of, i, 118; ii, [466]
- Peristediidæ, i, 208; ii, [457]
- Peristedion, i, 219
- figure of, i, 299; ii, [457]
- peritoneum, i, 32
- Permian, ii, [14], [23]
- sharks from, i, 517
- Perugia, i, 412
- pescado azul, ii, [382]
- pescadillo del red, ii, [354]
- pescado blanco, i, 328; ii, [216]
- figure of, i, 217, 329
- pescado del rey, ii, [216]
- pesce rey, ii, [216]
- Petalodontidæ, i, 531
- family of, i, 554
- teeth of, figured, i, 555
- Petalodus, i, 554
- Petalopteryx, ii, [26], [458]
- Peters, i, 411
- peto, ii, [266]
- Petromyzon, i, 132, 142, 357, 372, 391, 490, 618
- figure of, i, 491
- mouth figured, i, 492
- head of, figured, i, 111
- Petromyzonidæ, i, 290, 373, 490
- Petroscirtes, ii, [509]
- pez ciego, ii, [524]
- pez del rey,
- figure of, ii, [218]
- pez de pluma, ii, [344]
- pez puerco, ii, [413]
- Phæbodus, i, 522
- Phanerodon, ii, [375]
- Phaneropleuron, i, 612
- figure of, i, 613
- Phanerosteon, i, 580
- Phareodus, ii, [56], [57]
- pharyngeals, i, 5, 48
- pharyngeal teeth,
- figured, ii, [175]
- Pharyngognathi, i, 405; ii, [259], [380], [396]
- suborder of, ii, [384]
- Philippi, i, 415
- Philypnus, ii, [459]
- figure of, ii, [460]
- Pholidophoridæ, ii, [26], [29], [36], [41]
- Pholidophorus, ii, [28]
- figure of, ii, [29]
- Pholidurus, ii, [22]
- Pholis, i, 209; ii, [512]
- figure of, ii, [512]
- phosphorescent groups, i, 187
- phosphorescent organs,
- artificial stimulation of, i, 191
- chemical action in, i, 196
- cross-section of, i, 193
- Greene on, i, 194, 196, 197
- Lendenfeld on, i, 194, 195
- of Porichthys, i, 194
- photophores, i, 187, 189
- Phoxinus, ii, [167]
- Phractolamidæ, ii, [48]
- Phrynorhombus, ii, [488]
- Phtheirichthys, ii, [469]
- Phthinobranchii, i, 227-240
- Phyllodus, ii, [396]
- Phyllolepidæ, i, 584
- phylogeny, i, 63, 79
- Phylopteryx, ii, [238]
- Phylyctænaspis, i, 586
- Physoclysti, i, 405; ii, [39], [209]
- physostome, ii, [10]
- Physostomi, i, 405; ii, [39], [40]
- picarel, ii, [347]
- pickerel, i, 4; ii, [147]
- pigfish, ii, [342]
- pigmentation, i, 226
- effect of spirits on, i, 235
- pigmy sunfishes, ii, [296]
- pike, i, 209, 239, 250, 290, 304, 328, 440; ii, [190]
- figure of, i, 203, 328; ii, [191]
- skeleton of, i, 203
- pike-perch, ii, [309]
- pilchard, ii, [50]
- pilot-fish, i, 63; ii, [272]
- figure of, ii, [273]
- Pimelodus, ii, [183], [186]
- Pimelometopon, ii, [388], [389]
- figure of, ii, [389]
- pineal organ, i, 111
- Dean on, i, 112
- figure of, i, 111
- pine-cone-fish,
- figure of, i, 16; ii, [257]
- pinfish, ii, [344]
- ping, ii, [91]
- Pinguipedidæ, ii, [363], [499]
- pink, ii, [72]
- pintado, ii, [266]
- pipefish, i, 64, 128, 440
- family of, ii, [236]
- pirate-perch, i, 290; ii, [294]
- figure of, ii, [295]
- Pisces, i, 393, 588
- characteristics of, i, 506
- Piso, i, 389
- placoderm, i, 462, 584, 590, 591, 593
- Placodermi, i, 568, 622, 623
- placoid scales, i, 21
- Placopharynx, ii, [174]
- lower pharyngeal figured, ii, [171]
- Plagioscion, ii, [354]
- Plagiostomi, i, 507
- Plagiuri, i, 392
- Plagyodontidæ, ii, [134], [136]
- Plagyodus, ii, [136]
- figure of, ii, [135]
- plaice, ii, [487], [493]
- plaice tribe, ii, [492]
- pla-kat, ii, [370]
- Platacidæ, ii, [398], [400], [401]
- Platax, i, 240, 268; ii, [243], [245], [398], [401]
- Platophrys,
- figure of, i, 174, 175
- larval form, i, 174
- Platichthys, ii, [482], [493]
- figure of, ii, [495]
- Platophrys, ii, [481], [482], [488]
- larval stages of, figured, ii, [484]
- Platycephalidæ, i, 267
- family of, ii, [441]
- Platycephalus, ii, [441]
- Platycormus, ii, [283], [284], [485]
- Platyglossus, ii, [390]
- Platyptera, ii, [506]
- Platysomidæ, ii, [4], [14], [15]
- Platysomus, ii, [15]
- figure of, i, 452
- Platystacus, i, 128; ii, [184]
- Platyurus, i, 364
- Playfair, i, 416
- Plecoglossus, i, 260; ii, [62], [115], [117]
- figure of, i, 321; ii, [116]
- plectognath fishes, i, 206
- Plectognathi, ii, [9], [40]
- series of, ii, [411]
- Plectognaths, ii, [291], [411]
- Plectorhynchus, ii, [341]
- Plectospondyli, ii, [40], [161], [162]
- plectospondylous, i, 48
- Plectromus, ii, [253]
- Plectropoma, ii, [323]
- Plesiops, ii, [330], [359]
- Plethodus, ii, [44]
- Pleuracanthus, i, 65, 66, 204, 437, 510, 511, 513
- diphycercal tail of, i, 80
- figures of, i, 74, 519, 520
- headbones and teeth of, figured, i, 520
- Pleurocanthidæ, i, 519, 520, 522, 566
- Pleurogrammus, i, 209
- figure of, i, 328; ii, [439]
- Pleuronectidæ, i, 290
- family of, ii, [485]
- Pleuronectinæ, ii, [492]
- Pleuronectes, i, 391; ii, [493]
- Pleuronichthys, i, 206, 257; ii, [493]
- figure of, i, 441
- Pleuropholis, ii, [29]
- Pleuropterygii, i, 513, 514, 518
- Plioplarchus, ii, [304]
- Plotosidæ, ii, [184]
- Plotosus, ii, [184]
- Plumier, i, 389
- Pneumatosteus, ii, [32]
- Podopteryx, ii, [457]
- Podothecus, ii, [453]
- pond-skipper,
- figure of, i, 118; ii, [466]
- Pœcilia, ii, [199]
- Pœciliidæ, 22, 125; ii, [194], [198], [199], [201], [213]
- figure of, i, 126
- Pœcilodus, i, 531
- Poey, i, 376, 415
- portrait of, i, 413
- Pogonias, i, 595; ii, [354], [357]
- figure of, ii, [358]
- Pogonichthys, ii, [169]
- poison fishes, i, 180-185, 236
- figure of, i, 229; ii, [436]
- poison glands, ii, [177], [527]
- poisonous fishes, ii, [325], [335]
- diseases arising from, i, 183
- varieties of, i, 180, 182, 183
- Polistotrema,
- figure of, i, 489
- Pollachius, i, 209; ii, [537]
- pollack,
- figure of, ii, [537]
- Pollard, i, 595, 600
- Polycentridæ, ii, [358]
- Polyclinidæ, i, 477
- Polydactylus,
- Polygnathus,
- figure of, i, 486
- Polymixia, i, 122; ii, [257]
- Polymixiidæ,
- family of, ii, [256]
- Polynemidæ, i, 122; 11, 215, 224
- Polynemus, i, 393
- Polyodon, i, 199, 253, 302, 452, 534, 566, 622, 623; ii, [22]
- figure of, ii, [22]
- Polyodontidæ, i, 290; ii, [20], [21], [22]
- Polyospondyli, i, 509, 530, 561
- Polypteridæ, i, 602, 605
- Boulenger on, i, 608
- Polypterus, i, 76, 79, 88, 89, 204, 450, 600, 601, 603, 606, 616; ii, [2]
- figure of, i, 79, 602, 607
- shoulder-girdle of, figured, i, 600
- Polyrhizodus, i, 555
- Polystylidæ, i, 476
- Pomacanthus, ii, [403], [405]
- figure of, ii, [403]
- Pomacentridæ, i, 206, 209; ii, [380], [381], [382]
- organs of smell in, i, 115
- Pomacentrus, i, 235; ii, [383]
- Pomadasis, ii, [341], [342]
- Pomatomidæ, ii, [278]
- Pomatomus, ii, [278]
- figure of, i, 324
- pomfret, ii, [286]
- Pomolobus, i, 300; ii, [49], [53]
- figure of, i, 455; ii, [50]
- Pomotis, i, 302; ii, [379]
- Pomoxis, i, 302; ii, [297]
- pompon, ii, [341]
- pond-skipper,
- figure of, i, 118
- pond-smelt, ii, [124]
- poolfishes, i, 159
- pope, ii, [309]
- poppy-fish, ii, [283]
- Popular Science Monthly,
- reference to, ii, [69]
- porbeagle, i, 537
- porc des rivières, ii, [369]
- porcupine-fish, i, 19, 197; ii, [422], [423]
- figure of, i, 17; ii, [422]
- porgy, i, 239; ii, [342]
- varieties of, ii, [344]
- Porichthys, i, 121, 190, 191, 192; ii, [526]
- porkfish, ii, [341]
- figure of, ii, [341]
- portal vein, i, 108
- Portheus, ii, [48]
- skeleton of, ii, [47]
- Port Jackson shark,
- eggs of, figured, i, 128, 527
- portugais, ii, [405]
- Portuguese man-of-war,
- figure of, i, 160
- Porcus, ii, [183]
- postembryonic development of fishes, i, 132
- posterior limbs, i, 53
- postero-temporal, i, 90
- post-temporal, i, 88, 90
- Potamorrhaphis, ii, [211]
- Powrie, i, 424
- predatory fishes, i, 116; ii, [164]
- premaxillary,
- figure of, i, 55
- preopercle, i, 45
- preservation of fishes,
- Günther on, i, 431
- methods of, i, 431, 432
- Priacanthidæ, ii, [333]
- Priacanthus, ii, [333]
- figure of, ii, [331]
- Pribilof sculpin,
- figure of, ii, [446]
- Priem, i, 427
- priestfish,
- figure of, ii, [430]
- Prime,
- on crab-eater as game fish, ii, [282]
- primitive fishes,
- brain of, i, 112
- skeleton of, i, 54
- primitive herring-like fishes, i, 454
- primitive sharks, i, 511
- orders of, i, 513
- Prionace, i, 542
- Prionodus, i, 488
- Prionodes, ii, [329]
- Prionotus, i, 246; ii, [283]
- figure of, ii, [456]
- Prionurus, ii, [409]
- Priscacara, ii, [381]
- Pristipoma, i, 375
- Pristididæ, i, 549
- Pristodontidæ, i, 555
- Pristiophoridæ,
- family of, i, 548, 549
- Pristiophorus, i, 199
- figure of, i, 201, 548
- Pristis, i, 199, 548
- figure of, i, 200
- Pristiurus, i, 70
- proach, ii, [445]
- Proantigonia, ii, [400]
- Proballostomus, ii, [201]
- problem of highest fishes,
- Gill on, i, 383
- problem of Oatka Creek, i, 282
- process of natural selection, i, 297, 302
- Prochanos, ii, [45]
- Prognathodes, ii, [404]
- Progymnodon, ii, [423]
- Prolebias, ii, [201]
- Promethichthys, ii, [267]
- Promicrops, ii, [323]
- pronephros, i, 619; ii, [5], [8]
- Pronotocanthus, ii, [157]
- Propristis, i, 550
- propterygium, i, 58, 511, 512, 523
- Prosarthri, i, 509, 526
- proscapula, i, 89
- prosencephalon, i, 109
- figure of, i, 111
- Protamia, ii, [36]
- Protaulopsis, ii, [233]
- protection,
- through poisonous flesh, i, 182
- of young, i, 128
- protective,
- coloration, i, 226
- markings, i, 228
- Proteus, i, 600
- Protocatostomus, ii, [56]
- protocercal tail, i, 81, 598
- Wyman on, i, 81
- Protochordata, i, 460-466
- Protonotacanthidæ, ii, [157]
- Protopterus, i, 82, 85, 100, 204, 450, 613, 616, 617
- figure of, i, 622
- Protoselachii, i, 523
- Protosphyræna, ii, [34]
- Protosphyrænidæ, ii, [34]
- Prostospondyli, ii, [23], [34]
- Protosyngnathus, ii, [233]
- Prototroctes, i, 252; ii, [128]
- protozoan parasites, i, 342
- Provençal i, 95
- Psammobatis, i, 553
- Psammodus, i, 558, 559
- Psammosteidæ, i, 574
- Psenes, ii, [285]
- Psenopsis, ii, [284]
- Psephodus, i, 531
- Psephurus, i, 199, 253, 452, 622, 623
- figure of, ii, [21]
- Psettidæ, ii, [291]
- Psettus, ii, [398], [400]
- figure of, ii, [399]
- Pseudecheneis, ii, [184]
- Pseudeleginus, ii, [502]
- Pseudobagrus, ii, [183]
- Pseudoberyx, ii, [52]
- Pseudoblennius, i, 260; ii, [448]
- pseudobranch, ii, [7]
- pseudobranchiæ, i, 92
- Pseudocheilinus, ii, [390]
- Pseudochromipidæ, ii, [359]
- Pseudogaleus, i, 533
- Pseudojulis, ii, [389]
- Pseudolabrus, ii, [390]
- Pseudomonacanthus, ii, [415]
- Pseudopleuronectes, i, 174; ii, [493]
- larval figures of, i, 176; ii, [483]
- Pseudopriacanthus, ii, [332], [333]
- figure of, ii, [332]
- Pseudorhombus, ii, [492]
- Pseudoscaphirhynchus, ii, [18], [20]
- Pseudoscarus, i, 329; ii, [394], [396]
- figure of, i, 330
- Pseudosciæna, i, 169; ii, [355], [356]
- Pseudotriakidæ,
- family of, i, 536
- Pseudotriakis, i, 536
- Pseudovomer, ii, [278], [286]
- Pseudogobio, i, 416
- Pseudupeneus, ii, [352]
- figure of, i, 122, 329; ii, [351]
- Psychrolutes, i, 219; ii, [441], [447], [449]
- figure of, i, 221; ii, [451]
- Psychromaster, ii, [315]
- Pteraclidæ, ii, [286], [291]
- Pteraclis, ii, [286]
- Pteraspidæ, i, 570
- Pteraspis, i, 569, 571, 591, 622
- figure of, i, 575
- Pterichthyodes, i, 444, 622
- figure of, i, 576
- Pterichthys, i, 581
- Pterogobius,
- figure of, ii, [462]
- Pterois, i, 180, 202; ii, [434]
- figure of, ii, [435]
- Pterophryne, ii, [550]
- Pteroplatea, i, 556
- Pteropsaridæ, ii, [502]
- Pteropsaron,
- figure of, ii, [502]
- Pterothrissidæ, ii, [46]
- described, ii, [46]
- Pterothrissus, ii, [46]
- Pterophryne,
- figure of, i, 52
- pterygials, ii, [1]
- Pterygocephalus, ii, [513]
- pterygoid, i, 606
- Ptilichthyidæ, ii, [513]
- Ptilichthys,
- figure of, ii, [514]
- Ptychochelius, i, 164, 304; ii, [169]
- figure of, i, 162
- Ptychoderidæ, i, 465
- Ptychodus, i, 557
- Ptycholepis, ii, [26]
- figure of, ii, [28]
- ptychopterygium, i, 510, 512
- Ptychodus, i, 566
- pudding-wife, ii, [388]
- pudiano, ii, [388]
- puffer, inflated,
- figure of, ii, [420]
- puffers, i, 206, 236;
- pugnacity of fishes, i, 162
- pug-nosed eel, ii, [148]
- figure of, ii, [149]
- Putnam, i, 405; ii, [522]
- Pycnodonti, ii, [13]
- Pycnodontidæ, ii, [22]
- Pycnodus, ii, [22]
- Pygæidæ, ii, [405]
- Pygæus, ii, [405], [410]
- Pygidiidæ, ii, [185], [186]
- Pygopterus, ii, [14]
- Pygosteus, ii, [231]
- pyloric cæca, i, 26, 32
- Pyrosoma, i, 477
- Pyrosomidæ, i, 477
- quadrate, i, 606
- Quassilabia, ii, [174]
- Quensel, i, 396
- Querimana, ii, [222]
- questions,
- by Agassiz, i, 284
- by Cope, i, 288
- quiescent fishes, i, 158
- quillfish,
- quinnat salmon, i, 150, 301; ii, [68], [73]-76
- rabbit-fishes,
- figure of, ii, [423]
- Rabirubia, ii, [337]
- Rachycentridæ,
- family of, ii, [282]
- Rachycentron, ii, [470], [468]
- figure of, ii, [282]
- Rafinesque, i, 395; ii, [315]
- on imaginary garpike, i, 364, 366
- ragfishes, the, ii, [285]
- Ogilby on, ii, [285]
- rainbow darter, ii, [315]
- rainbow trout, ii, [96]-98, 100
- Raja, i, 72, 129, 391, 549
- figure of, i, 448, 552
- Rajidæ, i, 551, 553
- Ranicipitidæ, ii, [539]
- Rangeley trout, ii, [109]
- figure of, i, 326
- Raniceps, ii, [539]
- Ranzania, i, 84, 412
- figure of, ii, [425]
- Rapp, i, 411
- Rascasio, ii, [433]
- ratfish, i, 564
- Rathke, i, 428; ii, [144]
- rat-tail, i, 209; ii, [441], [540]
- Ray, i, 390
- ray, i, 9, 24, 35, 117, 508, 509, 549
- electric organs of, i, 186
- razor-back sucker, ii, [174]
- figure of, ii, [175]
- razor-fish,
- figure of, ii, [388]
- recognition marks, i, 7, 231, 232
- records of fishes, i, 433
- red charr, ii, [108]
- red drum,
- figure of, ii, [356]
- redeye, ii, [168]
- Redfield, i, 423
- redfin, ii, [166]
- Redfieldius, ii, [16]
- redfish, ii, [68], [324], [355], [388]
- figure of, ii, [389]
- red goatfish, ii, [35]
- figure of, i, 329
- red grouper, ii, [324]
- figure of, ii, [325]
- red hind, ii, [324]
- figure of, ii, [326]
- red-mouth grunt, ii, [340]
- red mullet, ii, [352]
- red mumea, ii, [335]
- red parrot-fish,
- figure of, ii, [393]
- red porgy, ii, [343]
- red rockfish, ii, [429]
- red rock-trout, ii, [440]
- skeleton of, figured, i, 214
- red salmon, ii, [69], [71], [82]
- red snapper, ii, [330], [335]
- red tai, ii, [349]
- figure of, ii, [342]
- red-throated trout, ii, [102]
- red voraz, ii, [338]
- red wrasse, ii, [387]
- Reed, ii, [112], [113]
- on trout-fishing, ii, [112]
- Regalecidæ,
- family of, i, 472
- Regalecus, i, 361; ii, [425], [472], [473], [479]
- figure of, i, 362, 363
- Regan, ii, [291]
- on Teleostomi, i, 622, 623
- Règnè Animal, i, 400
- Reighard, i, 428
- on lampreys, i, 491
- Reinhardt, i, 410; ii, [127]
- portrait of, i, 409
- Reinhardtius, ii, [491]
- Reis, i, 427, 428, 571
- relations of fish faunas,
- Japan and Mediterranean, i, 270
- relationships,
- of Chimæras, i, 563
- of Palæspondylus, i, 593, 595
- relation of vertebræ to temperature, i, 202
- Remora, i, 197; ii, [468], [469]
- Remorina, ii, [469]
- Remoropsis, ii, [469]
- Remsberg,
- photograph by, i, 362
- Renard, i, 396
- reproduction of lost parts, i, 150
- Requins, i, 540
- resemblances of fish faunas, i, 259, 260
- respiration, i, 91-108
- Retropinna, i, 252; ii, [123]
- Retzius, i, 428
- Rhabdofario, ii, [62], [118]
- Rhacochilus, ii, [375]
- figure of, ii, [374]
- Rhacolepis, ii, [44]
- Rhadinichthys, ii, [14]
- Rhamphognathus, ii, [218]
- Rhamphocottidæ, ii, [449]
- Rhamphocottus, ii, [449]
- figure of, ii, [451]
- Rhamphosidæ, ii, [234]
- Rhamphosus, ii, [234]
- Rhegnopteri,
- order of, ii, [224]
- Rheopresbe, i, 256; ii, [445]
- Rhina, i, 551
- Rhinæ,
- suborder of, i, 547
- Rhineastes, ii, [186]
- Rhinellidæ, ii, [134]
- Rhinellus, ii, [134]
- figure of, ii, [134]
- Rhineodon, i, 540
- Rhineodontidæ, i, 540
- Rhinesomus, i, 377
- Rhinichthys, i, 283, 307
- figure of, i, 342; ii, [164]
- Rhinidæ, i, 551
- Rhinobatidæ, i, 551
- family of, i, 550
- Rhinobatis, i, 553
- figure of, i, 551
- Rhinochimæra, i, 199, 566
- Rhinochimæridæ, i, 565
- Rhinoptera, i, 557
- Rhinotriacis, i, 541
- Rhipidistia, i, 602
- Rhizodontidæ, i, 603
- Rhizodopsis, i, 603
- Rhodeus, i, 129; ii, [164]
- Rhombochirus,
- figure of, ii, [469]
- Rhomboganoidea, ii, [24]
- Rhomboplites, ii, [337]
- Rhombus, ii, [486]
- Rhyacichthyidæ, ii, [504]
- Rhyacichthys, ii, [504]
- Rhynchias, ii, [522]
- Rhynchobdella, ii, [532]
- Rhynchodus, i, 566
- Rhynchorhinus, ii, [150]
- ribbon-fish, ii, [471], [475], [485]
- Goode on, ii, [475]
- rice-field eels, ii, [141]
- Richardson, i, 408, 418; ii, [64]
- on whitefish, i, 322
- Richardson's sculpin,
- figure of, ii, [451]
- Rio Grande trout,
- figure of, ii, [106]
- Risso, i, 395
- Rissola,
- figure of, ii, [520]
- Ritter,
- on ascidians, i, 474
- on Enteropneusta, i, 464
- river-bullhead,
- spawning of, i, 166
- river-drum, ii, [354], [355]
- river-fishes,
- dispersion of, i, 297-319
- river-ruff, ii, [309]
- river-sculpin, ii, [445]
- river-sheepshead, ii, [354]
- river-trout, ii, [94]
- river-wolf, ii, [190]
- Rivulus, i, 314
- roach, ii, [163], [168]
- robalito, ii, [320]
- robalo, the, i, 320, 355
- Roccus, i, 291, 324; ii, [321], [330]
- bones of, i, 35
- cranium of, i, 36-39
- figures of, i, 35-39, 46, 48
- Roche, i, 396
- rock-bass, i, 4; ii, [297]
- rock-beauty, ii, [404]
- figure of, ii, [405]
- rock-cod, i, 203; ii, [429]
- rock-cook, ii, [387]
- rockfish, i, 94, 125, 159; ii, [321], [429], [431]
- figure of, i, 218
- rock-hind, i, 19; ii, [324]
- figure of, i, 29
- rocklings, i, 209; ii, [520], [539]
- rock-pilots, the, ii, [381]
- rock-pool fishes,
- figure of, i, 294
- rock-skipper, ii, [510]
- figure of, ii, [509]
- Rocky Mountains,
- barriers to dispersion, i, 305
- Rohon, i, 427, 428
- romero, ii, [272]
- roncador, ii, [353], [355], [356]
- ronco amarilla, ii, [340]
- ronco arará, ii, [340]
- Rondelet, i, 361, 388
- on sea-monster, i, 360
- Rondeletiidæ, ii, [132]
- Ronquilus, ii, [502]
- ronquils, ii, [502]
- rosefishes, i, 125; ii, [428]
- figure of, ii, [427]
- Rosenthal, i, 428
- rothfisch, ii, [106]
- rough-headed sea-robin, ii, [457]
- roundfish, ii, [63]
- round-herring, ii, [52]
- round-minnow,
- figure of, ii, [196]
- round-robin, ii, [274]
- rousettes, i, 533
- Rudarius,
- figure of, i, 241
- rudder-fish, ii, [273], [285], [349], [350]
- figure of, ii, [349]
- runners, ii, [272]
- Rüppell, i, 411
- Rusconi,
- on external gills, i, 77
- Russell, i, 396; ii, [473]
- rusty-dab, ii, [493]
- Rutilus, ii, [164], [168]
- Rutter, i, 422; ii, [69], [84]
- photograph by, i, 355
- Ruvettus, ii, [267]
- Ryder, i, 408, 428
- on embryos, i, 64
- on nest-building, ii, [229]
- on paired limbs, i, 66
- on tail forms, i, 81, 84
- Rypticus,
- figure of, ii, [330]
- saboti, ii, [304]
- Saccopharynx, ii, [136], [157]
- Sacramento perch, i, 179
- figure of, i, 258
- Sagenodus, i, 613
- sailfish, ii, [268]
- sailor-fish, i, 199
- St. Ambrose, ii, [120]
- on Thymallus, ii, [120]
- St. Hilaire, i, 396, 428
- St. John, i, 426
- Salangidæ, ii, [127]
- Salanx, i, 146; ii, [123], [127], [128]
- figure of, i, 147; ii, [128]
- sälbling, ii, [108]
- Salar, ii, [90], [93]
- Salarias, i, 208, 271; ii, [510], [511]
- salema, ii, [346]
- Salmo, i, 291, 304, 305, 316-318, 332, 345, 346, 378, 391; ii, [62], [68], [89], [94]-96, 98
- salmon, i, 21, 25, 28, 39, 53, 146, 204, 209, 249, 256, 290, 440; ii, [67]-69, 94, 107, 128, 159
- artificial propagation of, ii, [88]
- ascent of cascades, ii, [76]
- Callbreath on, ii, [89]
- colors of, ii, [78]
- family of, i, 61-119
- habits in ocean, ii, [73]
- method of descent of stream, ii, [78]
- mutilation of, ii, [75], [76]
- nest of, ii, [78]
- packing of, ii, [87]
- scales of, i, 21
- sexual distortion in, i, 129
- spawning changes in, ii, [89]
- spawning of, ii, [78]-80
- spring running, ii, [73]
- white-meated, ii, [78]
- of Yukon, i, 73
- salmonete, i, 329
- figure of, ii, [351]
- salmon fishery,
- salmon fry,
- Salmonidæ, i, 204, 290; ii, [61]-119, 127, 130, 161, 190
- Salmonoidea, ii, [41], [61]
- salmonoids, ii, [94], [107]
- salmon pack,
- estimate of, ii, [80]
- salmon roe, ii, [76]
- salmon shark, i, 447, 537
- salmon trout, ii, [94], [105], [114]
- Salmopercæ, ii, [241]-249
- suborder of, ii, [241]
- Salpa, i, 477; ii, [348]
- Salpidæ, i, 477
- Salvelini, ii, [95], [106]
- Salvelinus, i, 282, 306, 307, 311; ii, [62], [95], [99], [107], [108]-110, 112-114
- samarang, i, 408
- Samaris, ii, [489]
- samlet,
- figure of, ii, [116]
- Sancassini, ii, [144]
- Sandalodus, i, 531
- sand-dab, ii, [491]
- sand-darter, ii, [313]
- figure of, i, 158; ii, [313]
- sandfishes, ii, [364]
- figure of, ii, [364]
- sand-lance,
- figure of, ii, [521]
- sand-pike, ii, [308]
- sand-roller,
- figure of, ii, [241]
- Sandroserrus, ii, [309]
- Sandrus, ii, [309]
- sandstone,
- fragment figured, i, 435
- sand-sucker, ii, [357]
- sand-whiting, ii, [357]
- San Pedro fish, ii, [244]
- São Paulo, ii, [162]
- Saprolegnia, i, 353; ii, [76]
- surface on, i, 354
- sarcastic blenny,
- figure of, ii, [507]
- Sarda, i, 210; ii, [264]
- Sardinella, i, 204, 327, 332; ii, [50]
- sardines, i, 199, 268; ii, [50]
- Sardinia, i, 204
- Sardiniodes, ii, [134]
- Sardinius, ii, [44]
- Sargassum fish,
- figure of, i, 52; ii, [549]
- sargo, ii, [345]
- Sars, ii, [535]
- saucer-eye porgy,
- figure of, ii, [345]
- sauger,
- figure of, ii, [309]
- Sauripterus, i, 603
- Saurocephalus, ii, [48]
- Saurodon, ii, [48]
- Saurodontidæ, ii, [48]
- Sauropsida, i, 601
- Sauropsis, ii, [34]
- Saurorhynchidæ, ii, [17]
- Saurorhynchus, ii, [17]
- saury,
- figure of, ii, [212]
- sausolele,
- figure of, ii, [435]
- Sauvage, i, 412, 427
- savalo, ii, [43]
- sawfish, i, 199, 548
- figure of, i, 550
- saw-shark, i, 549
- figure of, i, 201, 548
- scabbard-fishes, ii, [267]
- Scænidæ, i, 206
- scales of fish,
- classification of, i, 20
- figure of, i, 21, 22
- scamp, ii, [327]
- Scapanorhinus,
- snout figured, i, 536
- Scaphirhynchus, i, 253, 452; ii, [18], [20]
- Scardinius, ii, [168]
- Scaridæ, ii, [390], [393], [396]
- Scaridea, ii, [391]
- Scartichthys,
- figure of, i, 294; ii, [510]
- Scarus, ii, [352], [391], [393], [396]
- Scatophagus, ii, [400]
- Scaumenacia, i, 612
- Schedophilus, ii, [285]
- Schilbiosus,
- figure of, i, 179
- Schilbeodes, i, 180, 202; ii, [177], [182]
- Schizocardium, i, 465
- Schlegel, i, 414
- Schmidt, i, 411
- Schnäbel, ii, [63]
- Schnapper, ii, [343]
- Schneider, i, 398
- schoolmaster, ii, [336]
- schoolmaster-snapper,
- figure of, i, 440
- Schomburgk, i, 415
- Schöpf, i, 395
- Sciæna, i, 391; ii, [356]-358
- Sciænidæ, i, 290; ii, [225], [353]-355, 358
- Sciænops, ii, [355]
- figure of, ii, [356]
- Sclerodermi, ii, [398], [411], [412]
- scleroderms, ii, [412], [415]
- Scoliodon, i, 542
- Scolopsis, ii, [342]
- Scomber, i, 94, 210, 391; ii, [260], [262], [266]
- figure of, i, 332; ii, [260]
- Scomberoides, ii, [272], [470]
- Scomberomorus, i, 210, 322; ii, [264], [266]
- figure of, ii, [264]
- Scomberosomus,
- figure of, i, 322
- Scomberidea, ii, [258], [271]
- Scombramphodon, ii, [266]
- Scombresox, ii, [211], [214]
- figure of, i, 212
- Scombridæ, i, 210; ii, [258], [272], [470]
- family of, ii, [259]
- scombriform fishes, i, 209
- Scombrinus, ii, [266]
- Scombroclupea, ii, [52]
- Scombroidea,
- suborder of, ii, [258]
- Scombroidei, ii, [291], [484], [485]
- scombroids, ii, [485]
- Scombropidæ, ii, [317]
- Scombrops, ii, [317]
- scopeloid, ii, [474]
- Scopelus, ii, [133]
- Scophthalmus, ii, [486], [488]
- Scopoli, i, 396
- Scorpæna, i, 180, 211, 391; ii, [429], [432], [433], [438]
- figure of, i, 433, 434
- Scorpænichthys, ii, [442]
- skull of, figured, i, 427
- Scorpænidæ, i, 94, 207, 211; ii, [363], [426], [435], [441], [503]
- family of, i, 426, 448
- Scorpænopsis, ii, [434]
- Scorpænopterus, ii, [436]
- Scorpididæ, ii, [397], [398], [400]
- Scorpis, ii, [398], [400]
- scorpion-fishes, i, 207, 429; ii, [426], [433]
- Scudder, i, 405
- sculpin, i, 21, 219, 257, 290, 429, 440; ii, [363], [441], [445], [447]-449
- scup, ii, [344]
- figure of, ii, [343]
- scutes, i, 570
- Scuticaria, ii, [153]
- Scymnorhinus, i, 546
- Scyliorhinidæ, i, 127, 532, 533
- Scyliorhinoid shark,
- skull of, figured, i, 56
- Scyliorhinus, i, 447, 533
- Scyphophori, ii, [188], [207]
- Scytalina,
- figure of, ii, [519]
- Scytalinidæ, ii, [519]
- sea-bass, i, 135; ii, [320], [323]
- figure of, i, 137
- sea-bat, ii, [552]
- sea-catfish, ii, [178]
- sea-devil, i, 559; ii, [547]
- sea-drum, ii, [357]
- sea-horse, i, 19, 64, 128; ii, [449]
- family of, i, 236
- figure of, i, 17
- Seale, i, 422
- sea-mink, ii, [356]
- sea-moth, ii, [239]
- figure of, ii, [240]
- sea-poacher, i, 208; ii, [449], [453]
- sea-raven,
- figure of, i, 220; ii, [448]
- sea-robin, i, 246; ii, [457]
- sea-scorpion, ii, [363]
- figure of, ii, [434]
- sea-serpent, i, 361; ii, [471], [473]
- sea-snail, i, 217; ii, [39], [454]
- sea-trout, ii, [94]
- sea-waifs, ii, [133]
- sea weed, ii, [512]
- sebago, ii, [92]
- Sebastapistes, ii, [434]
- Sebastes, i, 125, 211; ii, [428]
- figure of, i, 218; ii, [427]
- Sebastichthys, ii, [428], [429], [433]
- Sebastiscus, ii, [432]
- Sebastodes, i, 125, 211, 219, 375; ii, [428], [429], [431]-433, 438
- figure of, ii, [429]
- skeleton of, figured, i, 214
- Sebastolobus, i, 52-55, 211
- cranium of, i, 53
- figure of, ii, [428]
- lower jaw of, i, 54
- maxillary of, i, 55
- shoulder-girdle of, i, 52
- Sebastopsis, i, 271; ii, [432]
- Sectator, i, 271; ii, [350]
- Seeley, i, 410
- Segemehl, i, 97
- segments of Dibothrium figured, ii, [103]
- selachians, i, 572, 592
- Selachii, i, 382, 507-509; ii, [9]
- Selachostomi, i, 623; ii, [13]
- order of, ii, [20]
- Selenaspis,
- clavicle of, i, 87
- shoulder-girdle of, i, 86
- Selene, ii, [276]
- development of, figured, i, 148
- Lütken on, i, 144
- skeleton of, figured, i, 55
- Selenichthyes, ii, [241]-249
- suborder of, ii, [243]
- Selenosteus, i, 588
- Selenosteidæ, i, 587
- Semicossyphus, ii, [390]
- Semionotidæ, ii, [23], [24], [26]
- Semionotus,
- figure of, ii, [24]
- Semiophoridæ, ii, [245]
- Semiophorus, ii, [245]
- figure of, ii, [246]
- Semon, i, 428
- Semotilus, i, 282; ii, [167]
- figure of, i, 285; ii, [268]
- señorita, ii, [388]
- sense organs, i, 115-123
- sense of pain, i, 123
- sense of taste, i, 121
- sense of touch, i, 121
- sensorium, i, 153
- sensory nerves, i, 153
- Sergeant Baker, ii, [130]
- sergeant-fish,
- figure of, ii, [282]
- Seriola, ii, [272], [278]
- figure of, i, 459; ii, [273]
- Seriphus, ii, [354]
- serran, ii, [329]
- Serrana, ii, [357]
- Serranellus, ii, [329]
- Serranidæ, i, 206, 209, 259, 290; ii, [258], [293], [319], [320], [324], [327], [328], [330], [331], [333], [359], [363]
- serrano, ii, [327], [328]
- Serranus, ii, [328], [363]
- Serrasalmo, ii, [161], [162]
- Sertulariæ, ii, [544]
- sese de lo alto, ii, [336]
- sesele, ii, [304]
- Setarches, ii, [433]
- setiform, i, 30
- sexual coloration, i, 230
- sexual modification,
- in colors, i, 129
- in structure, i, 129
- shad, ii, [50], [53], [147]
- shad waiter, ii, [63]
- shagreen grains, i, 570
- sharks, i, 21, 23, 24, 28, 53, 75, 445, 446, 519, 523, 542, 543, 545, 546
- air-bladder wanting in, i, 506
- distribution of, i, 459
- eggs of, i, 127, 433
- fossil teeth of, i, 546
- jaws of, i, 35
- pectoral limbs of, i, 60, 66
- phosphorescent, i, 189
- primitive, i, 510, 511
- shoulder-girdle in, i, 507
- skull of, i, 56, 57
- shark-sucker, i, 197; ii, [468], [469]
- sharp-nosed flying-fish,
- figure of, ii, [213]
- Shasta, ii, [97]
- Shaw, i, 398
- sheatfish, ii, [182], [183]
- sheepshead, i, 30, 324; ii, [345], [346]
- figure of, i, 31; ii, [346]
- shibi, ii, [263]
- shiner, i, 283; ii, [163], [168]
- figure of, ii, [168]
- shiro-uwo, ii, [127], [467]
- Shooter,
- head-fish taken by, ii, [424]
- shore-fishes, i, 245
- distribution of, i, 263-265
- short-nosed garpike,
- figure of, i, 452
- shoulder girdle, i, 42, 50
- of batfish, ii, [551]
- of buffalo-fish, ii, [160]
- figure of, i, 51, 52, 58, 59, 60, 69, 70, 86, 88, 89, 600; ii, [225], [227]
- figure of fossil, i, 521
- of flounder figured, i, 58; ii, [2]
- of Ictiobus ii, [160]
- inner view of, ii, [160]
- of Neoceratodus, i, 609
- of Opah figured, ii, [243]
- of Polypterus, i, 70
- of Sebastolobus figured, i, 52
- in sharks, i, 507
- in true eel, ii, [141]
- shovel-nosed sturgeon i, 253
- shrimp, ii, [147]
- shrimpfishes, ii, [234]
- figure of, ii, [235]
- Shufeldt,
- Siebold, i, 411, 414
- sierra, ii, [266]
- Siganidæ, ii, [409], [410]
- Siganus, ii, [410]
- sight organs, i, 116-118
- significance,
- of resemblance, i, 259
- of rare forms, i, 262
- Sillaginidæ, ii, [358]
- sillago, ii, [358]
- silk-snapper, ii, [336]
- Siluridæ, i, 149, 205, 280, 290, 293; ii, [60], [178], [182], [186]
- siluroid, i, 290; ii, [529]
- Silurus, i, 391; ii, [182]
- silverfin,
- figure of, i, 457; ii, [166]
- silver-jaw minnow, ii, [165]
- figure of, ii, [165]
- silver-jenny, ii, [348]
- silver-king, ii, [43]
- silver-perch, ii, [342]
- silver-salmon, ii, [68], [71], [73], [87]
- silversides, i, 290; ii, [215]
- figure of, ii, [217]
- silver surf-fish,
- figure of, i, 309; ii, [375]
- silver-tail, ii, [512]
- silvery anchovy,
- figure of, ii, [54]
- silvery puffer,
- figure of, ii, [419]
- Simenchelyidæ, ii, [148]
- Simenchelys, ii, [148]
- figure of, ii, [149]
- Sindo, i, 418, 422
- singing-fish, i, 121
- Siniperca, ii, [320]
- sinus impar, i, 120
- sinus venosus, i, 108
- Siphonognathidæ, ii, [390]
- Siphonognathus, ii, [390]
- Siphonostoma, ii, [236]
- Sirembo, ii, [524]
- Sirenoidei, i, 612
- order of, i, 613
- sisco, ii, [66], [67]
- siscowet, ii, [66], [115]
- Sisoridæ, ii, [184]
- skates, i, 28, 551, 552
- skeleton of cowfish,
- figure of, ii, [418]
- skeleton of fish, i, 10, 34-61
- of cowfish, i, 215
- of Chimæra, i, 564
- parts of, i, 35, 36
- primitive, i, 54
- of pike figured, i, 203
- of red rockfish, i, 214
- of Selene figured, i, 55
- of shark, i, 57
- of spiny-rayed fish, i, 214
- skilfishes, ii, [438]
- figure of, ii, [438]
- skin-peeler, ii, [415]
- skipjack, ii, [50]
- skippers,
- Couch on, ii, [211]
- skipping-goby, i, 117
- skittle-dogs, i, 545
- skull,
- sleek-sculpin,
- figure of, i, 221; ii, [451]
- sleeper-shark, i, 547
- sleepy Argentine, ii, [134]
- slippery Dick, ii, [388]
- Sloane, i, 389
- small-mouthed bass,
- figure of, i, 325; ii, [303]
- smear-dab, ii, [494]
- smelt, ii, [66], [91], [120]-138
- figure of, ii, [123]
- Smerdis, ii, [310], [330]
- Smith, i, 416, 419, 608
- on Arctic species, i, 317
- Smitt, i, 410
- snailfish, ii, [455]
- snake-blennies, ii, [512]
- snake-eels, ii, [150]
- figure of, i, 233
- snake-headed China-fish, ii, [371]
- figure of, i, 150; ii, [371]
- snake-headed mullets, ii, [370]
- snapper, ii, [333], [335], [338]
- snipe-eels, ii, [151]
- snipefishes, ii, [234]
- Snodgrass, i, 422; ii, [423]
- snooks, ii, [282], [320]
- snowy grouper,
- figure of, ii, [329]
- Snyder, i, 418, 420
- Snyderina,
- figure of, ii, [437]
- soapfishes, ii, [330]
- figure of, ii, [330]
- sobaco, ii, [413]
- sockeye, ii, [69]
- soft-rayed fishes, i, 204; ii, [39]
- soi, ii, [429]
- soldados, ii, [253]
- Solander, i, 395
- soldier-fish, ii, [315]
- Solea, i, 327; ii, [487], [496]
- Soleidæ, i, 290; ii, [495], 499
- Soleinæ, ii, [496]
- Solenostomidæ,
- family of, ii, [236]
- Solenostomus, i, 128; ii, [236]
- figure of, ii, [237]
- soles, ii, [495]
- Sonnerat, i, 395
- Sörensen,
- on elastic spring, i, 97
- sounds of fishes, i, 168-170
- Bowring on, i, 168
- soup-fin sharks,
- figure of, i, 541
- southern zone, i, 253
- spadefish, ii, [400]
- figure of, i, 325; ii, [401]
- Spaniodon, ii, [43]
- Spaniodontidæ, ii, [47]
- Spanish-flag, ii, [323], [429]
- Spanish-mackerel, i, 64, 210, 322
- Sparidæ, i, 206; ii, [342], [344], [346], [372]
- family of, ii, [342]
- Sparisoma, i, 268; ii, [352], [391], [392], [396]
- figure of, ii, [392]
- jaws figured, i, 30
- Sparnodus, ii, [347]
- Sparus, i, 259, 263, 391; ii, [346]
- Spathiurus, ii, [36]
- Spaulding, ii, [84]
- marking of fry by, ii, [84]
- spawning-grounds,
- return to, ii, [82]
- spawning of salmon, i, 160
- special creation impossible, i, 295
- spearfish, i, 199; ii, [469]
- specialized fishes, i, 249
- species, i, 371
- absent through barriers, i, 238
- changed through natural
- selection, ii, [239]
- characters of, i, 292
- conditions favorable to, i, 301
- extinction of, i, 239
- meaning of, i, 293, 379
- special creation, i, 295
- transfer of, i, 312
- speckled flounder, ii, [488]
- speckled hind, ii, [324]
- figure of, ii, [325]
- speckled trout,
- figure of, i, 326; ii, [110]
- Spengel,
- on Enteropneusta, i, 464
- Spengelia, i, 465
- Spengeliidæ, i, 465
- sperling, ii, [123]
- Sphærodon, i, 268
- Sphagebranchus, ii, [151]
- Sphagepæa, i, 565
- sphenial, i, 606
- Sphenocephalus, ii, [252]
- Spheroides, i, 206; ii, [419]-421
- figure of, i, 420
- Sphyrænidæ, i, 206
- family of, ii, [222]
- Sphyræna, ii, [221]
- figure of, ii, [223]
- Sphyrænodus, ii, [266]
- Sphyrna, i, 543
- figure of, i, 544
- Sphyrnidæ, i, 543
- Spicara, i, 260; ii, [347]
- Spinacanthidæ, ii, [415]
- Spinacanthus, ii, [415]
- Spinachia, ii, [232]
- spinal cord, i, 112
- spineless trunkfish,
- figure of, i, 378; ii, [417]
- spines of catfish, i, 179
- spiny eels, ii, [157]
- spiny-rayed fishes, i, 21, 206-208; ii, [39], [208], [307]
- skeleton of, figured, i, 214
- spiracle, i, 92
- Spiraculis, i, 393
- spiral valve, i, 32
- splenial, i, 43
- split-tail, ii, [169]
- Spondyliosoma, i, 260, 267; ii, [348], [350]
- spookfishes, i, 564
- spot, ii, [356]
- spotted trout, ii, [105]
- spotted trunkfish, ii, [416]
- figure of, i, 377; ii, [417]
- spotted weakfish,
- figure of, ii, [353]
- sprat, i, 204; ii, [50], [123]
- spring salmon, ii, [80]
- Squalidæ, i, 531, 543, 545, 546, 566
- Squaloraja, i, 566
- Squalorajidæ, i, 566
- Squalus, i, 391
- figure of, i, 545
- Squamipinnes, ii, [209], [411]
- Squamipinus, ii, [397]-410
- square-tails, ii, [291]
- Squatina, i, 548
- brain of, figured, i, 547
- pectoral fin figured, i, 56
- Squatinidæ, i, 549, 554
- squawfish,
- figure of, i, 162; ii, [169]
- spawning journey of, i, 164
- squeteague, ii, [353]
- squirrel-fish, ii, [253], [329]
- Stannius, i, 428
- star-gazer, ii, [364], [503]
- figure of, i, 187, 504
- Starks, C. L.
- drawings of fishes i, 36-39
- Starks, E. C., i, 420
- on berycoid skull, ii, [250]
- on fish skeleton, i, 39
- starry-flounder, ii, [493]
- figure of, ii, [495]
- star-spined ray,
- figure of, i, 448
- Stearns, i, 419
- steelhead, ii, [94], [96], [99], [100]
- figure of, ii, [101]
- steelhead-trout,
- figure of, i, 327
- Steenstrup, i, 410
- Stegocephali, i, 606
- Stegostoma, i, 533
- Stegothalami, i, 584
- Dean on, i, 585
- Steindachnerella, ii, [541]
- Steindachner, i, 411, 414, 427
- portrait of, i, 403
- Steindachneria,
- figure of, ii, [541]
- Steinegeria, ii, [286]
- Steinegeriidæ, ii, [286]
- Stelgis,
- figure of, ii, [451]
- Steller, i, 395; ii, [135]
- on quinnat salmon, ii, [68]
- Stellifer, i, 271; ii, [355]
- Stenodus, ii, [62], [68]
- figure of, ii, [67]
- Stenotomus, ii, [344]
- figure of, ii, [343]
- Stephanoberycidæ,
- family of, ii, [223]
- Stephanoberyx, ii, [223]
- Stephanolepis, ii, [414], [415]
- figure of, i, 182, 415
- Stereobalanus, i, 465
- Stereolepis, ii, [321]
- Sternoptychidæ, ii, [137]
- Sternoptyx, i, 357; ii, [137]
- Stethojulis, ii, [390]
- Stichæiniæ, ii, [511]
- Stichæus, ii, [513]
- figure of, ii, [513]
- stickleback, i, 51, 128, 250, 290; ii, [157], [215], [228], [229], [232]
- Stieda, i, 428
- Stiles,
- on parasitic diseases, i, 343, 344
- stingaree, i, 556
- sting-bull, ii, [501]
- stingfish, ii, [501]
- sting-rays, i, 84, 267, 549
- figure of, i, 246, 555
- spines of, i, 182
- Stizostedion, ii, [308]
- figure of, ii, [309]
- Stolephorus, ii, [52]
- Stomias,
- figure of, ii, [128]
- Stomiatidæ, i, 189, 204; ii, [128]
- Stone, ii, [80]
- on rate of travel of salmon, ii, [80]
- stone-bass, ii, [323]
- stone-cats, ii, [182]
- stone-roller, i, 157; ii, [166]
- figure of, i, 33; ii, [167]
- stone-sculpin, ii, [443]
- stonewall perch, ii, [359], [360]
- stony-flounder, ii, [482]
- Storer, i, 418
- Storms, i, 427
- on fossil remora, ii, [469]
- Stratodontidæ, ii, [137]
- Stratodus, ii, [137]
- Strinsia, ii, [539]
- striped-bass, i, 48, 53; ii, [37], [321]
- bones of, i, 39, 45
- figure of, i, 35
- tail of, i, 49
- vertebral column of, i, 48
- striped-mullet,
- figure of, i, 330
- striped sea-robin, ii, [457]
- Ström, i, 396
- Stromateidæ, i, 160; ii, [215], [259], [284], [291], [398], [485]
- family of, ii, [283]
- Stromateus, i, 391; ii, [283], [291]
- sturgeon, i, 128, 204, 250, 257, 290; ii, [18]-21, 159, 160, 182, 186
- Styela,
- figure of, i, 475, 476
- Stygicola, i, 314; ii, [524]
- Stylephoridæ, ii, [480]
- Stylephorus, ii, [480]
- subgenus, i, 373
- suborbital stay, i, 44
- subspecies, i, 294
- sucker, i, 156, 198, 290, 304; ii, [56], [171], [172], [174]
- sucking-disks,
- of clingfish, i, 198
- sucking-fish,
- figure of, i, 197; ii, [468]
- Suckley, i, 419
- Sudis, ii, [9], [136]
- Suez Canal, i, 268
- sukkegh, ii, [69]
- Suletind watershed, i, 307
- Sulphur, the, i, 408
- summer herring,
- figure of, i, 455
- Sunapee trout,
- figure of, ii, [109]
- sunfish, i, 3-15, 28, 209, 290; ii, [37], [297], [424]
- supraclavicle, i, 89
- Surface,
- on destruction of fish, i, 357
- on lampreys, i, 491-505
- on Saprolegnia, i, 354-356
- surf-fish, i, 125, 207, 290; ii, [372], [373]
- surf-shiner, ii, [376]
- surf-smelt, ii, [123], [124], [127]
- surf-whiting, ii, [357]
- surgeon-fish, ii, [407]
- lancet of, i, 181
- surmullets, i, 122, 198, 322; ii, [351]-379
- suspensorium of mandible, i, 43
- susuki, i, 324; ii, [320]
- Swain, i, 422
- Swainson, i, 410
- swallowers, ii, [360]
- Swammerdam, i, 390
- swampy watersheds, i, 314
- Swan, ii, [123]
- on Mesopus, ii, [123]
- sweetfish, ii, [115]
- sweet-perch, ii, [363]
- swell-sharks, i, 197, 533
- swell-toad, ii, [420], [423]
- swim-bladder, ii, [95]
- swordfish, i, 169, 199, 210; ii, [269]
- swordtail-minnow,
- figure of, i, 124; ii, [199]
- Syacium,
- figure of, ii, [488]
- Syllæmus, ii, [224]
- Symbranchia, ii, [140]
- order of, ii, [140]
- Symbranchidæ, ii, [141]
- Symbranchus, ii, [141]
- Symphodus, i, 268; ii, [387]
- Symphurus,
- figure of, ii, [498]
- symplectic bone, ii, [156]
- Synagrops, ii, [317]
- Synanceia, i, 180; ii, [434]
- figure of, i, 229
- Synaphobranchidæ, ii, [149]
- Synaphobranchus, ii, [149]
- figure of, ii, [149]
- Synaptura, ii, [497]
- Synchiropus, ii, [506]
- Synechodus,
- eggs of, i, 527
- Synentognathi, ii, [190], [208]-214
- suborder of, ii, [209]
- Syngnathidæ,
- family of, i, 236
- Syngnathus, i, 170, 391; ii, [236]
- Synodontidæ, ii, [130], [133]
- Synodontis, ii, [182]
- Synodus, ii, [190]
- figure of, ii, [130]
- synonymy and priority,
- Coues on, i, 374
- Syntegmodus, ii, [44]
- Syrski, ii, [144], [145]
- on eels, ii, [145]
- Systema Naturæ, i, 373
- Tachysurus, ii, [178], [179], [86]
- Tænioides, ii, [467]
- Tæniosomi, ii, [292], [459]-480
- Tæniotoca, ii, [375]
- Tæniura, i, 557
- tahanohadai, ii, [363]
- Tahoe trout,
- figure of, i, 327; ii, [104]
- tai-fishing,
- illustration of, i, 338
- tail forms, i, 49, 50, 80-85
- taiva, ii, [342]
- Talisman, i, 408; ii, [60]
- Talismania, ii, [60]
- Tamiobatidæ, i, 532
- Tamiobatis, i, 551
- tangs, ii, [407]
- Tantogolabrus, ii, [387]
- Tarpon, i, 157, 205; ii, [35], [51]
- figure of, ii, [43]
- Tarrassiidæ, i, 602
- Tarrassius, i, 602
- tarwhine, ii, [344]
- tautog, ii, [387]
- Tautoga, i, 207; ii, [385]
- taxonomy, i, 367, 368
- Tectospondyli, i, 448, 510, 513, 519, 545, 549
- order of, i, 543
- Woodward on, i, 543
- tectospondylous, i, 49
- teeth, i, 29, 30, 201
- of Ceratodus figured, i, 614
- of Chimæra, i, 562
- of Corax, i, 543
- figured, i, 522, 524
- of Janassa, i, 554
- of sharks, i, 515, 527, 529, 537
- Teleocephali, i, 405; ii, [39], [40], [209]
- Teleosteans, i, 384
- Teleostei, i, 66, 204, 622, 624; ii, [2], [5], [37]
- sympathetic system of, i, 114
- Teleostomes, i, 599
- Teleostomi, i, 462, 572, 583, 598, 599, 603
- Regan on, i, 622
- teleosts, i, 35, 135, 139, 141, 204, 569; ii, [1], [3], [4], [159]
- Telepholis, ii, [133]
- Telescopias, ii, [317]
- figure of, ii, [318]
- teleotemporal, i, 90
- Temnothoraci, i, 584, 586
- temperature,
- affecting distribution, i, 242
- tenacity of life in fishes, i, 146, 147, 149
- tench, ii, [168]
- tengudai, ii, [333]
- tengusame, i, 534
- ten-pounder, ii, [35], [43]
- figure of, i, 454; ii, [42]
- Terapon, ii, [342]
- Teraponidæ, ii, [342]
- Tertiary fishes, i, 440
- Tertiary ganoids, ii, [140]
- tessellated darter,
- figure of, ii, [312]
- tessellated teeth, i, 30, 549
- Tetragonolepis, i, 24
- figure of, ii, [26]
- Tetragonopterus, i, 314; ii, [161], [162], [381]
- Tetragonuridæ, ii, [215]
- family of, ii, [291]
- Tetragonurus, ii, [291]
- Tetraodon, i, 169, 197, 206, 236, 393, 611; ii, [420]
- Tetraodontidæ, i, 182; ii, [421]
- family of, ii, [419]
- Tetrapturus, i, 257; ii, [269]
- Tetrarhynchus, ii, [134]
- Tetronarce, i, 554
- Teuthidæ, ii, [291]
- Teuthididæ, ii, [407], [409]
- Teuthis, i, 268, 271, 293; ii, [407]
- Thacher,
- on paired limbs, i, 70
- thalamencephalon, ii, [6], [8]
- Thalassoma, i, 207, 267, 271; ii, [389]
- Thalassophryne, i, 180; ii, [526], [527]
- Thalassothia, ii, [526]
- Thaleichthys, ii, [124]
- Thaliacea, i, 477
- Thaumaturus, ii, [119]
- Thelodontidæ, i, 574, 579
- Thelodus, i, 570, 573
- Theragra, i, 209
- figure of, ii, [537]
- Therobromus, ii, [127]
- Thetis, the, i, 410
- thick-lipped surf-fish,
- figure of, i, 374
- Tholichthys, i, 144; ii, [402]
- Thollière, i, 427
- Thompson, i, 410, 418
- Thoracici, i, 393; ii, [39]
- Thoracies, ii, [209]
- Thoreau, ii, [190], [308]
- thread-eel, ii, [151], [152]
- figure of, i, 17, 365; ii, [152]
- threadfins, i, 122; ii, [215], [224]
- threadfish, ii, [276]
- threadhead worms, i, 351
- thread-herring, ii, [51], [53]
- three-forked hake, ii, [539]
- three-spined stickleback,
- figure of, ii, [232]
- thresher-shark, i, 536
- Thrissopater, ii, [43]
- Thrissops, ii, [41]
- Thryptodontidæ, ii, [44]
- Thryptodus, ii, [44]
- Thunberg, i, 416
- thunder-pumper, ii, [354], [355]
- Thunnus, i, 210, 272; ii, [262]
- Thursius, i, 604
- Thwaite shad, ii, [50]
- Thyestes, i, 576
- Thymallidæ, ii, [120]
- Thymallus, i, 305; ii, [120], [121], [122]
- Thyrsites, ii, [267]
- Thyrsitocephalus, ii, [267]
- tide pools of Misaki,
- view of, i, 161
- tiger-puffer, ii, [423]
- tiger-sharks, i, 533
- Tilapia, ii, [380]
- tilefish, ii, [361]
- Tilesius, i, 396, 416
- Tinca, i, 345; ii, [168], [175]
- tiñosa, ii, [276]
- Tiphle, ii, [236]
- Titanichthyidæ, i, 587
- Titanichthys, i, 583, 587, 589
- Titicaca Lake,
- peculiar fish from, ii, [201]
- toadfish, ii, [525], [526]
- tomcod, ii, [537]
- figure of, ii, [538]
- tomtates, ii, [341]
- tongue-fish, ii, [488], [497]
- tooth,
- of Hybodus, figured, i, 528
- of Lamnidæ, i, 538
- topknot, ii, [488]
- top-minnow, i, 118; ii, [198], [199], [467]
- figure of, ii, [198]
- toque, ii, [114]
- torabuku, ii, [423]
- tori, ii, [6]
- Tornaria,
- figure of, i, 463
- torpedo, i, 268; ii, [183], [188]
- figure of, i, 186; ii, [183]
- fin rudiments in, i, 71
- torsk, ii, [539]
- toto, ii, [398]
- totuava, ii, [354]
- Townsend, ii, [502]
- Tower,
- on gas in swim-bladder, i, 95, 96
- on weakfish, i, 94
- Toxotes, i, 240, 268; ii, [400]
- Toxotidæ, ii, [400]
- Trachicephalus,
- figure of, i, 456; ii, [438]
- Trachichthyidæ, ii, [253]
- Trachichthys, i, 263; ii, [252]
- Trachidermus, ii, [445]
- Trachinidæ, ii, [500], [501], [506], [525]
- Trachinotus, i, 322; ii, [276]
- Trachinus, i, 169, 180, 391; ii, [500], [501]
- Boulenger on, ii, [501]
- Trachosteus, i, 583, 588, 589, 590
- Trachurops, ii, [275]
- Trachurus, i, 210, 274
- figure of, ii, [274]
- Trachypteridæ,
- Trachypterus, i, 144; ii, [425], [477]
- Trachyrhynchus, ii, [541]
- trahira, ii, [162]
- transportation of fishes, i, 150
- Trautschold, i, 427
- Traquair, i, 426, 428
- on Gnasthome, i, 573
- on high and low forms, i, 381, 382
- on Ostracophores, i, 569-571
- on Palæospondylus, i, 591
- portrait of, i, 425
- on sharks, i, 512
- Traquairia, i, 517
- Travailleur, the, i, 408; ii, [60]
- tree-climber of India,
- Daldorf on, i, 163
- treefish, ii, [431]
- Tremataspidæ, i, 576
- trematodes, i, 344
- Triakis, i, 541
- Triacanthidæ, ii, [412]
- Triacanthodes, ii, [412]
- Triacanthus, ii, [412]
- Trichina, i, 352
- Trichiurichthys, ii, [268]
- Trichiuridæ, i, 210; ii, [472]
- family of, ii, [267]
- Trichiurides, ii, [32]
- Trichiurus, ii, [268], [479]
- figure of, ii, [268]
- Trichodon,
- figure of, ii, [364]
- Trichodontidæ, ii, [364], [506]
- trinomial nomenclature, i, 378
- trigger-fishes, i, 440; ii, [412], [413]
- figure of, i, 184, 412
- Trigla, i, 169, 391; ii, [456], [457]
- air-bladder of, i, 97
- Triglidæ, i, 122, 208; ii, [455]
- family of, ii, [455]
- Triglops, ii, [442]
- figure of, ii, [443]
- Triglopsis, i, 317; ii, [447]
- Trigonodon, ii, [347]
- Triodon, ii, [419]
- Triodontidæ, ii, [418]
- Tripterygian, ii, [508]
- Tristichopterus, i, 603
- Trochocopus, ii, [388]
- Troglichthys, i, 220, 222; ii, [202], [203]
- tropical fishes,
- species of, i, 271
- variety among, i, 333
- Tropidichthyidæ, ii, [421]
- Tropidichthys, i, 115; ii, [422]
- Troschel, i, 415
- trout, i, 156, 250, 290, 304, 326, 327; ii, [38], [41], [61], [89], [90], [107], [121], [128], [147], [168]
- trout-perch, i, 241, 290; ii, [61]
- figure of, ii, [242]
- trout-spotted darter, ii, [314]
- trout-worm, ii, [103]
- trucha, ii, [320]
- true eels, ii, [141]
- shoulder-girdle in, ii, [141]
- true perches, ii, [304]
- true sharks, i, 523-560
- true snapper, ii, [337]
- trumpeter, ii, [363]
- trumpet-fish, i, 51, 440
- family of, i, 233
- figure of, i, 234
- truncate, i, 19
- truncus arteriosus, ii, [6]
- trunkfishes, i, 16, 19, 206, 373, 375, 378, 429; ii, [415]-417
- Trypauchen, ii, [467]
- tschawytscha, ii, [73]
- Tschudi, i, 415
- tsuzume, ii, [402]
- tullibee, ii, [67]
- tunicates, i, 460, 462, 467-481
- adult, figured, i, 480
- anatomy, figured, i, 472
- Kingsley on, i, 467, 468, 469
- larva, figured, i, 471
- Ritter on, i, 474
- tunny, i, 19, 210
- great, ii, [262]
- turbots, i, 206, 328; ii, [488], [489]
- tribe, the, ii, [487]
- Turner,
- on Dallia, ii, [207]
- Turton, i, 410
- Tutuila Island,
- lizard skipper from, i, 230
- Twin Lakes,
- trout of, i, 241
- Two-Ocean Pass, i, 307, 308, 309, 310
- Evermann on, i, 307
- tyee, ii, [69]
- Tylosurus, i, 128
- figure of, ii, [210]
- shoulder-girdle of, i, 59
- Typhlichthys, i, 220, 314; ii, [201], [202]
- figure of, i, 116; ii, [202]
- Typhlogobius, i, 198; ii, [467]
- Typodus, ii, [222]
- uku, i, 325; ii, [338]
- Ulæma, i, 271
- ulchen, ii, [124]
- figure of, i, 320; ii, [124]
- Umbra, i, 253; ii, [35]
- figure of, ii, [193]
- Umbridæ, i, 290; ii, [193], [194]
- Umbrina, ii, [356], [357]
- figure of, ii, [357]
- umiuma, i, 429
- uncertain conclusions, i, 79
- Undina, i, 204, 605
- unicorn-fish, ii, [409], [415]
- U. S. Fish Commission, ii, [69]
- Upeneus, ii, [353]
- Upham,
- on glacial effects, i, 275
- upland fishes, i, 311
- Uranidea, ii, [443], [445]
- figure of, ii, [445]
- Uranoplosus, ii, [22]
- Uranoscopus, i, 259, 260, 393; ii, [361], [364], [503], [504]
- Uranoscopidæ, ii, [503], [504], [506], [525]
- Urenchelyidæ, ii, [142]
- Urenchelys, ii, [142]
- ureters, ii, [6]
- Urochordata, i, 460
- Urodela, i, 76
- Urolophus, i, 555-557
- Uronemidæ, i, 612
- Uronemus, i, 612
- Urophycis, i, 187; ii, [538]
- Uropterygius, ii, [153]
- urosome, i, 84, 85
- Urosphen, ii, [234]
- Urosphenidæ, ii, [234]
- urostyle, i, 84
- Usinosita, ii, [498]
- uu, i, 162
- vaca, i, 235; ii, [327]
- Vahl, i, 396
- Vaillant, i, 412
- portrait of, i, 413
- Valenciennellus, ii, [134]
- Valenciennes, i, 401, 404
- Valenciennesia, ii, [460]
- Valentyn, i, 396
- Valisneri, ii, [144]
- Valisneria, ii, [144]
- Van Dyke, ii, [93]
- on Ouananiche, ii, [93]
- vaqueta de dos colores, ii, [404]
- variability of instinct,
- Whitman on, i, 156
- variation in colors, i, 235
- variation in fin-rays, i, 211
- Variola, ii, [327]
- vasa efferentia, ii, [6]
- vas deferens, i, 28
- Velifer, ii, [286]
- Vellitor, i, 260; ii, [448]
- vendace, ii, [67]
- venomous spines,
- of catfish, i, 179
- of scorpion-fish, i, 180
- ventral fins, i, 10
- Venustodus, i, 531
- Verasper, ii, [492]
- ver blanc, i, 351
- Verilus, ii, [338]
- vertebræ, i, 203, 205
- vertebræ in fishes, i, 212
- Boulenger on, i, 213
- figure of, i, 510
- vertebral column, i, 46-48
- figure of, i, 48
- vertebral column,
- of lancelet, i, 55
- of Roccus, i, 48
- verrugato, ii, [356]
- vessels engaged in fish-collecting, i, 408, 410
- villiform teeth, i, 29
- Vinciguerra, ii, [408]
- portrait of, i, 413
- Vinciguerria, ii, [134]
- Vinson,
- on Gourami, ii, [369]
- Violante, the, i, 408; ii, [60]
- viper-fish, ii, [129]
- Vireosa, ii, [460]
- figure of, ii, [461]
- viscera of fish, i, 26, 28
- viviparous fishes,
- figure of, i, 125, 126, 222; ii, [200]
- viviparous perch,
- figure of, ii, [379]
- voices of fishes, i, 121
- Vogmar, ii, [477]
- Vogt, i, 428
- Volador, ii, [458]
- Vomer, ii, [276]
- vomer, i, 6
- Vomeropsis, ii, [278]
- wachna cod, ii, [537]
- Wagner, i, 427
- Waha Lake, ii, [104]
- Waite, i, 408, 416
- portrait of, i, 409
- Walbaum, i, 397; ii, [68]
- Walcott, i, 428, 603
- on fossil chimæroids, i, 565
- on oldest forms, i, 435
- walking-fish, i, 167
- wall-eye, ii, [307]
- wall-eyed surf-fish, ii, [375]
- Walton, i, 336, 337
- Ward,
- on parasitic diseases, i, 343, 344
- Wardichthys, ii, [15]
- water-beetle, ii, [144]
- water-pig, ii, [369]
- watersheds, i, 305
- the Cassiquiare, i, 307
- how fishes cross, i, 306
- the Suletind, i, 306
- swampy, i, 314
- Two-Ocean Pass, i, 307
- weakfish, ii, [353]
- Weber, i, 428
- on swim-bladder, i, 96
- Weberian apparatus, i, 93, 96, 97; ii, [160]
- figure of, i, 93; ii, [160]
- weevers, ii, [500]
- Gill on, i, 500
- weissfelchen, ii, [65]
- weissfisch, ii, [65]
- wels, ii, [182]
- welshmen, ii, [253]
- West Indian fish, i, 235
- whale-shark, i, 540
- whiff, ii, [488], [489]
- whips, i, 206
- whiptail rays, i, 549
- Whiteaves, i, 427
- whitebait, ii, [123], [127], [216]
- white bass, ii, [321]
- white bullhead, ii, [180]
- white catfish,
- figure of, i, 344
- white channel-cat, ii, [180]
- white chub,
- figure of, ii, [165]
- whitefish, i, 62-64, 305, 322; ii, [115], [362], [467]
- figure of, i, 321
- white-mouthed drummers, ii, [356]
- white perch, ii, [321]
- figure of, ii, [322]
- white sea-bass, ii, [354]
- white sharks, i, 534
- white shiner,
- figure showing parasites, i, 343
- white surf-fish,
- whiting, ii, [537]
- Whitman, i, 428
- on instincts, i, 156
- Whitmee,
- on aquarium fishes, i, 165
- Whitney, ii, [116]
- wide-eyed flounder,
- figure of, ii, [488]
- wide-gape, ii, [545]
- wide-mouthed flounder,
- figure of, ii, [493]
- Wiedersheim, i, 513
- Williams,
- on eye of flounder, i, 174-178
- Williamson, i, 423
- Williston, i, 427
- willow-cat, ii, [180]
- Willughby, i, 390
- Winckler, i, 427
- window-pane fish, ii, [488]
- figure of, ii, [487]
- wine-colored eel, ii, [153]
- wolf-eel, ii, [517]
- wolf-fish, ii, [517]
- figure of, ii, [517]
- Wolffian duct, i, 28
- Woodward, i, 426, 428, 519, 543, 554, 582, 584, 591, 594, 602; ii, [4], [13], [24], [26], [34], [36], [43], [48], [140], [425], [514], [522]
- Woolman, i, 422
- worm-like eels, ii, [150]
- worm of the Yellowstone, i, 345
- Worthen, i, 426
- wrasse, i, 203; ii, [385], [387]
- wreckfish, ii, [323]
- Wright, i, 427, 428
- on fishes of Panama, i, 275
- wrymouths,
- figure of, ii, [516]
- Wyman,
- on month gestation, i, 170
- on protocercal tail, i, 81
- Xanthichthys, ii, [413]
- Xererpes, ii, [512]
- figure of, ii, [511]
- Xenichthys, i, 271; ii, [338]
- Xenistius, i, 271; ii, [338]
- figure of, ii, [338]
- Xenocephalidæ, ii, [520]
- Xenocephalus, ii, [520]
- Xenocys, i, 271; ii, [338]
- Xenomi, i, 405; ii, [157]
- order of, ii, [206]
- Xenopterygii, ii, [499]
- suborder of, ii, [529]
- Xesurus, ii, [409]
- Xiphasia,
- figure of, ii, [515]
- Xiphasiidæ, ii, [513]
- Xiphias, i, 210, 329, 391; ii, [269]
- figure of, ii, [270]
- Xiphidiinæ, ii, [511]
- Xiphidion, ii, [512]
- Xiphiidæ,
- family of, ii, [269]
- Xiphiorhynchus, ii, [269]
- Xiphorphorus,
- figure of, i, 124; ii, [199]
- Xiphistes,
- figure of, ii, [512]
- Xyrauchen, ii, [172], [174]
- figure of, ii, [175]
- Xyrias,
- figure of, ii, [151]
- Xyrichthys, i, 207; ii, [388]-390
- figure of, ii, [388]
- Xystæma, ii, [348]
- figure of, ii, [347]
- Xystreurys, ii, [492]
- Xystrodus, i, 531
- yamabe, i, 327; ii, [95]
- yamanokami, ii, [445]
- Yarrell, i, 410
- on fishing-frog, i, 169
- on sounds, i, 168
- yellowback rockfish,
- figure of, i, 218
- yellow bass, ii, [321]
- yellow catfish, ii, [182]
- yellow-fin grouper, ii, [325]
- figure of, ii, [327]
- yellow-fin trout, ii, [105]
- figure of, ii, [105]
- yellow-fish, ii, [324]
- yellow goatfish, ii, [352]
- yellow grunt, ii, [340]
- yellow mackerel, ii, [276]
- yellow perch, ii, [307]
- Yellowstone Lake,
- trout of, i, 310, 345-347
- Yellowstone Miller's Thumb,
- figure of, ii, [444]
- yellow-tail, ii, [273]
- yellow-tail roncador, ii, [356]
- figure of, ii, [357]
- yellow-tail snapper,
- figure of, ii, [337]
- yezomasu, ii, [71], [72]
- Young, i, 426
- on angling, i, 337-339
- Zacalles,
- figure of, ii, [511]
- Zacco, ii, [164]
- zakko, ii, [117], [120]
- Zalarges, ii, [134]
- Zalembrius, ii, [374], [376]
- Zalieutes, ii, [552]
- Zalises,
- figure of, ii, [240]
- Zanclidæ, ii, [406]
- family of, ii, [406]
- Zanclus, i, 240, 268; ii, [406]
- figure of, ii, [406]
- Zaniolepis, ii, [440]
- Zander, ii, [309]
- Zaprora, ii, [286]
- Zaproridæ, ii, [286]
- Zebrasoma, ii, [408], [409]
- Zebrias, ii, [497]
- Zeidæ, ii, [398]
- family of, ii, [247]
- Zenarchopterus, ii, [212]
- Zenion, ii, [249]
- Zenopsis, ii, [249]
- Zeoidea, i, 241-249
- suborder of, ii, [245]
- Zeoidei, ii, [484]
- zeoid fishes, ii, [245]
- Zeorhombi, ii, [245]
- Zesticelus, ii, [447]
- Zeugopterus, ii, [488]
- Zeus, i, 259, 263, 267, 391; ii, [243], [249], [398]
- figure of, ii, [248]
- Zigno, i, 427
- Zingel, ii, [307]
- figure of, ii, [310]
- Zittel, i, 427; ii, [13], [514]
- on Lepidostei, ii, [23]
- on Ostracophores, i, 569
- portrait of, i, 425
- Zoarces, ii, [144], [518]
- figure of, ii, [518]
- Zoarcidæ, ii, [518], [522]
- zoogeography, i, 237
- zooids, i, 479
- zootomists, i, 90
- Zostera, i, 476
- Zuieuw, i, 396
- Zygonectes, ii, [199]
- figure of, ii, [198]
FERNS
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