The Iowa

by D.C. of Washington Thomas Foster

APPENDIX A

THE IOWA CAMPING CIRCLE

The camping circle among the Iowa was usually divided into two half circles, each occupied by two phratries of four gentes each. These regulated the hunt and numerous other tribal affairs during the four seasons, the first phratry taking the lead during Autumn and Winter; the second during Spring and Summer.

The list which follows was prepared in part by Rev. William Hamilton about 1880 and before his death communicated to the late J. O. Dorsey, who added a considerable number of gentes and subgentes, some further assistance being obtained through the aid of a delegation of Iowa while on a visit to Washington.

FIRST PHRATRY
GENTES	SUBGENTES
1. Tu′-nan-p′in, Black Bear.Tohin and Çiʞre wonañe were chiefs of this gensin 1880. Tohin kept the sacred pipe.	1. Ta′-po-çka, a large black bear, with a white spot onthe chest.
	2. Pŭn′-xa çka, a black bear with a red nose; literally,Nose White.
	3. Mŭn-tci′-nye, Young black bear, a short black bear.
	4. Ki′-re-koó′-qo-toe, a small reddish black bear, motherless;it has little hair and runs swiftly.
2. Mi-tei′-ra-tce, Wolf .... Ma′-hin was a chief ofthis gens.	1. Cŭn′-tan çka, White-wolf.
	2. Cŭn′-tan çe-we, Black-wolf.
	3. Cŭn′-tan qo′-ʇᴐe, Gray-Wolf.
	4. Ma-nyi′-ka-qçi′, Coyote.
3. Tce′-xi-ta, Eagle and Thunder—being gens.	1. Na′tci-tce′, i. e., Qra′-qtci, Real or Golden eagle.
	2. Qra′hŭñ′-e, Ancestral or Grey eagle.
	3. Qra′ʞre′-ye, Spotted-eagle.
	4. Qra pa can. Bald-eagle.
4. Qo′-ta-tci, Elk; now extinct. The Elk gens furnishedthe soldiers or policemen.	1. Un′-pe-xa qan′-ye, Big-elk.
	2. Un′-pe-xa yiñ′-c, Young-elk (?).
	3. Un′-pe-xa ↄ́re′-tↄ́e yiñ′-e, Elk-some-what-long.
	4. Ho′-ma yiñ′-e, Young elk (?). The difference betweenUnpexa and Homa is unknown. The former may be the archaic name for “elk.”
5. Pa′-qça, Beaver. Probably the archaic name, as beaveris now ra-we. The survivors of this gens have joined the Pa-ça or Beavergens of the Oto tribe.	1. Ra-we′ qan′ ye, Big-beaver.
	2. Ra-ↄ́ro′-ʇↄ́e, meaning unknown.
	3. Ra-we′ yiñ′-e, Young-beaver.
	4. Ni′wan-ci′-ke, Water person.
SECOND PHRATRY
6. Ru′-tce, Pigeon	1. Min-ke′ qan′-ye, Big-racoon.
	2. Min-ke′ yiñ′-e, Young-racoon.
	3. Ru′-tce yiñ′-e, Young-pigeon.
	4. Co′-ke, Prairie-chicken, grouse.
7. A′-ru-qwa, Buffalo ....	1. Tce-t o′ qan′-ye, Big-buffalo-bull.
	2. Tce-ʇo′ yiñ′-e, Young-buffalo-bull.
	3. Tce p′o′-cke yiñ′-e, Young-buffalo-bull-that-is-distended(?)
	4. Tce yiñ′-e, Buffalo-calf.
8. Wa-kan′, Snake. An extinct gens.	1. Wa-kan′ ↄ́i, Yellow-snake, i. e., rattlesnake.
	2. Wa-kan′-qtci, Real-snake (named after a species shorter than the rattle-snake).
	3. Ce′-ke yiñ′-e, Small or young ceke, the copperhead snake (?).
	4. Wa-kan′ qo′-ʇↄ e, Gray-snake (a long snake, which the Omaha call swift bluesnake).
9. Mañ′-ko-ke, Owl. Extinct.	The names of the subgentes have been forgotten.