A Political History of the State of New York, Volumes 1-3

by De Alva Stanwood Alexander

FOOTNOTES TO VOLUME III

[1] Pleasant A. Stovall, Life of Robert Toombs, p. 226.

[2] Official Records, Vol. 1, p. 297.

[3] Ibid., pp. 13, 59.

[4] Ibid., p. 301. Davis's message to the Confederate Congress, April 29; Moore's Rebellion Record, Vol. 1, Docs. p. 171.

[5] Official Records, Vol. 1, pp. 14, 60.

[6] Ibid., Vol. 1, p. 12.

[7] J.E. Cabot, Life of Ralph Waldo Emerson, p. 605.

[8] Life and Speeches of Daniel S. Dickinson, Vol. 1, pp. 700-702.

[9] New York Tribune, March 15, 1861.

[10] Letter of John W. Forsyth, MSS. Confederate Diplomatic Correspondence, April 4, 1861.

[11] Life, Letters, and Speeches of Daniel S. Dickinson. Vol. 2, pp. 4-7.

[12] New York Tribune, April 22, 1861. New York Times, New York Herald, April 21.

[13] New York Herald, April 21, 1861.

[14] New York Tribune, July 21, 24.

[15] F.W. Seward, Life of W.H. Seward, Vol. 2, p. 552.

[16] "He went direct to the President, and asked him, in proper language, if he approved of the petty intrigues that sought to defeat his patriotic purpose. 'I know nothing of them, General,' said the President, 'and have only this to say, that, whatever are the obstacles thrown in your way, come to me, and I will remove them promptly. Should you stand in need of my assistance to hasten the organisation of your brigade, come to me again, and I will give or do whatever is required. I want your men, General, and you are the man to lead them. Go to the Secretary of War and get your instructions immediately.'"—New York Herald, May 17, 1861.

[17] Richmond Examiner, April 15, 1861.

[18] April 26, 1861.

[19] April 23, 1861.

[20] April 24, 1861.

[21] April 22, 1861.

[22] April 30, 1861.

[23] June 24, 1861.

[24] Ibid., June 27.

[25] "Do you pretend to know more about military affairs than General Scott? ask a few knaves, whom a great many simpletons know no better than to echo. No, Sirs! we know very little of the art of war, and General Scott a great deal. The real question—which the above is asked only to shuffle out of sight—is this: Does General Scott contemplate the same ends, and is he animated by like impulses and purposes, with the great body of the loyal, liberty-loving people of this country? Does he want the Rebels routed, or would he prefer to have them conciliated?"—Ibid., July 1, 1861.

[26] Of 49 regiments engaged, 19 were from New York, and of the 3,343 killed, wounded, and missing, 1,230 were New Yorkers.—Official Records, Series 1, Vol. 2, pp. 314, 315, 351, 387, 405, 426.

[27] See the New York Tribune, Herald, Times, World, Evening Post, July 22, 23, 25, and later dates.

[28] New York Journal of Commerce, News, Day-Book, Freeman's Journal, Brooklyn Eagle.—Appleton's Cyclopædia, 1861, p. 329.

[29] "I have had a conversation this morning with a prominent Democrat, who is entirely devoted to sustaining the government in the present struggle. He informs me that the leaders of that party are opposed to the war and sympathise with the South; that they keep quiet because it will not advance their views to move just now." Letter of William Gray, dated September 4, to Secretary Chase.—Chase Papers, MS.

[30] New York Herald, August 9, 1861.

[31] New York Tribune, August 10.

[32] New York Tribune, September 5, 1861.

[33] "From what lodge in some vast wilderness, from what lone mountain in the desert, the convention obtained its Rip Van Winkle president, we are at a loss to conceive. He evidently has never heard of the Wilmot Proviso struggle of 1848, the compromise contest of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, the Lecompton constitution of 1858, nor the presidential election of 1860. It is plain that he has never even dreamed of the secession ordinances and of the fall of Sumter."—New York Tribune, September 6, 1861.

"The speech of Mr. Redfield is universally laughed at. He has completely proven that he does not belong to the present century, or, at least, that he has been asleep for the last twenty years. Barnum should deposit it among the curiosities of his shop."—New York Herald, September 5, 1861.

[34] "Lieber says that habeas corpus, free meetings like this, and a free press, are the three elements which distinguish liberty from despotism. All that Saxon blood has gained in the battles and toils of two hundred years are these three things. But to-day, Mr. Chairman, every one of them is annihilated in every square mile of the republic. We live to-day, every one of us, under martial law. The Secretary of State puts into his bastille, with a warrant as irresponsible as that of Louis, any man whom he pleases. And you know that neither press nor lips may venture to arraign the government without being silenced. At this moment at least one thousand men are 'bastilled' by an authority as despotic as that of Louis, three times as many as Eldon and George III seized when they trembled for his throne. For the first time on this continent we have passports, which even Louis Napoleon pronounces useless and odious. For the first time in our history government spies frequent our cities."—Lecture of Wendell Phillips, delivered in New York, December, 1861.

[35] The State ticket was made up as follows: Secretary of State, David R. Floyd Jones of Queens; Judge of the Court of Appeals, George F. Comstock of Onondaga; Comptroller, George F. Scott of Saratoga; Attorney-General, Lyman Tremaine of Albany; Treasurer of State, Francis C. Brouck of Erie; Canal Commissioners, Jarvis B. Lord of Monroe, William W. Wright of Ontario; State Prison Director, William C. Rhodes of New York.

[36] New York Leader, September 9, 1861.

[37] New York Tribune, September 10, 1861.

[38] Dickinson's Ithaca speech, delivered the day after the Democratic convention adjourned, is printed in full in the New York Tribune of September 10, 1861.

[39] The ticket was as follows: Attorney-general, Daniel S. Dickinson of Broome; Secretary of State, Horatio Ballard of Cortland; Comptroller, Lucius Robinson of Chemung; Treasurer, William B. Lewis of Kings; Court of Appeals, William B. Wright, Sullivan; Canal Commissioners, Franklin A. Alberger of Erie and Benjamin F. Bruce of New York; State Engineer, William B. Taylor of Oneida; State Prison Inspector, Abram B. Tappan of Westchester.

[40] New York Herald (editorial), September 13, 1861.

[41] Marshal M. Champlain of Allegany and William Williams of Erie were substituted for Tremaine and Brouck.

[42] New York Tribune, October 4, 1861.

[43] November 6, 1861.

[44] New York Herald, October 23, 1861.

[45] Ibid., October 23, 1861.

[46] "There are sympathisers with the secessionists still remaining in the Democratic ranks, but they compose a small portion of the party. Nine-tenths of it is probably strenuous in the determination that the constitutional authority of the government shall be maintained and enforced without compromise. This sentiment is far more prevalent and decided than it was two months ago."—New York Tribune, November 19, 1861.

[47] "I have now no doubt this causeless and most flagitious rebellion is to be put down much sooner than many, myself included, thought practicable."—Edwin Croswell, letter in New York Tribune, November 25, 1861.

[48] Political Essays, p. 94.—North American Review, April, 1864.

[49] Daniel S. Dickinson's Life, Letters, and Speeches, Vol. 2, pp. 550-551.

[50] "I have just finished a second reading of your speech in Wyoming County, and with so much pleasure and admiration that I cannot refrain from thanking you. It is a speech worthy of an American statesman, and will command the attention of the country by its high and generous patriotism, no less than by its eloquence and power."—Letter of John K. Porter of Albany to D.S. Dickinson, August 23, 1861. Dickinson's Life, Letters, and Speeches, Vol. 2, p. 553. Similar letters were written by Henry W. Rogers of Buffalo, William H. Seward, Dr. N. Niles, and others.—Ibid., pp. 555, 559, 561.

[51] Public Record of Horatio Seymour, pp. 32-43.

[52] Congressional Globe, January 6, 1862.

[53] New York Tribune, May 27, 1861.

[54] Ibid., September 18.

[55] Letter of Secretary Chase, dated February 3, 1862.—E.G. Spaulding, History of the Legal Tender, p. 59.

[56] Spaulding, History of the Legal Tender, p. 18.

[57] The bill escaped from the committee by one majority.

[58] On Spaulding's motion to close debate, Conkling demanded tellers, and the motion was lost,—yeas, 52; nays, 62.—Congressional Globe, February 5, 1862; Ibid., p. 618.

[59] New York Tribune, July 30, 1862.

[60] Ibid., August 4.

[61] New York Times, July 17, 1862.

[62] New York Tribune, July 19, 1862.

[63] Ibid., August 20.

Lincoln's reply appeared in the National Intelligencer of Washington. He said in part: "I would save the Union. If there be those who would not save the Union unless they could at the same time save slavery, I do not agree with them. If there be those who would not save the Union unless they could at the same time destroy slavery, I do not agree with them. My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or to destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave, I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves, I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone, I would do that. What I do about slavery and the colored race, I do because I believe it helps to save the Union; and what I forbear, I forbear because I do not believe it would help to save the Union. I shall do less whenever I believe what I am doing hurts the cause, and I shall do more when I shall believe doing more will help the cause."—Lincoln's Works, Vol. 2, p. 227.

[64] New York Herald, October 15, 1862.

[65] The author is indebted to Henry A. Richmond, son of Dean Richmond, for this outline of Seymour's interview.

[66] Cook and Knox, Public Record of Horatio Seymour, pp. 45-58.

[67] The ticket nominated was as follows: Governor, Horatio Seymour of Oneida; Lieutenant-Governor, David E. Floyd Jones of Queens; Canal Commissioner, William I. Skinner of Herkimer; Prison Inspector, Gaylord J. Clark of Niagara; Clerk of Appeals, Fred A. Tallmadge of New York.

[68] Seward to his wife.—F.W. Seward, Life of W.H. Seward, Vol. 2, p. 590.

[69] Frank B. Carpenter, Six Months at the White House, pp. 22, 23.

[70] New York Herald, September 19 and October 15, 1862.

[71] Albany Evening Journal, November 6, 1862.

[72] T.W. Barnes, Life of Thurlow Weed, Vol. 2, p. 413.

[73] Albany Evening Journal, July 31, 1861.

[74] "This estimate was afterward verified as correct."—New York Tribune, September 22, 1862.

[75] New York Tribune, September 22, 1862.

[76] New York Times, September 25, 1862.

[77] "Though we met Governor Morgan repeatedly during the summer, he never hinted that he expected or desired to be again a candidate."—New York Tribune, December 12, 1862.

[78] Albany Evening Journal, December 10, 1862.

[79] The vote resulted as follows: Wadsworth, 234; Dix, 110; Lyman Tremaine, 33; Dickinson, 2.

The ticket was as follows: Governor, James S. Wadsworth of Genesee; Lieutenant-Governor, Lyman Tremaine of Albany; Canal Commissioner, Oliver Ladue of Herkimer; Prison Inspector, Andreas Willman of New York; Clerk of Appeals, Charles Hughes of Washington.

[80] New York Tribune, September 17, 1862.

[81] New York Tribune, Oct. 8, 1862.

[82] Ibid., Oct. 9.

[83] Ibid., Oct. 24.

[84] New York Herald, Oct. 9, 1862.

[85] Ibid., Sept. 26.

[86] Ibid., Oct. 1.

[87] New York Herald, October 8 and 9, 1862.

[88] Lincoln's Works, Vol. 2, p. 239.

[89] Benjamin E. Curtis, Pamphlet on Executive Power.

[90] New York Herald, October 4, 1862.

[91] Ibid., October 24.

[92] New York Tribune, October 28, 1862.

[93] Ibid., October 30.

[94] New York Herald, October 29, 1862.

[95] Ibid., October 15 and 17.

[96] Morgan Dix, Memoirs of John A. Dix, Vol. 2, pp. 51-52.

[97] New York Tribune, October 17, 1862. See other views: New York Herald, October 17, 18, 19.

[98] Henry B. Stanton, Random Recollections, p. 216.

[99] New York Tribune, October 31, 1862.

[100] New York Herald, October 17, 1862.

[101] New York Tribune, Nov. 6.

[102] "Seymour, 307,063; Wadsworth, 296,492."—Ibid., November 24.

[103] New York Times, November 7.

[104] Henry B. Stanton, Random Recollections, p. 216.

[105] Albany Evening Journal, Nov. 6.

[106] New York Tribune, Nov. 5.

[107] Cary, Life of Curtis, p. 161.

[108] Ibid., p. 161.

[109] Laws of 1842. Ch. 130, title 6, article 4, sec. 32.

[110] Horace Bemis of Steuben.

[111] The writer is indebted to Mr. Depew for the interviews between himself, Van Buren, and Callicot.

[112] Albany Evening Journal, December 10, 1862.

[113] Sedgwick, assailed by damaging charges growing out of his chairmanship of the Naval Committee, failed to be renominated for Congress in 1864 after a most bitter contest in which 130 ballots were taken.

[114] New York Journal of Commerce, February 3, 1863.

"Informal ballot: Morgan, 25; King, 16; Dickinson, 15; Sedgwick, 11; Field, 7; Raymond, 6; Hunt, 4; Selden, 1; blank, 1. Whole number, 86. Necessary to a choice, 44.

"First formal ballot: Morgan, 39; King, 16; Dickinson, 11; Raymond, 8; Sedgwick, 7; Field, 5.

"Second formal ballot: Morgan, 50; Dickinson, 13; King, 11; Raymond, 9; Field, 2; Sedgwick, 1."—Ibid., February 3.

[115] New York Tribune, October 7, 1863.

The Democratic caucus stood 28 for Erastus Corning, 25 for Fernando Wood, and scattering 18.

The vote of the Senate stood: Morgan, 23; Erastus Corning, 7; 2 absent or silent. On the first ballot the Assembly gave Morgan 64, Corning 62, Fernando Wood 1, John A. Dix 1 (cast by Speaker Callicot). On a second ballot all the Unionists voted with Callicot for Dix, giving him 65 to 63 for Corning and placing him in nomination. In joint convention Morgan was elected by 86 votes to 70 for Corning, one (Callicot's) for Dix, and 1 for Dickinson.—Ibid., February 4.

[116] "My dear Weed: It is difficult for me to express my personal obligations to you for this renewed evidence of your friendship, as manifested by the result of yesterday's proceedings at Albany."—Letter of Edwin D. Morgan, February 3, 1863. Thurlow Weed Barnes, Life of Thurlow Weed, Vol. 2, p. 430.

[117] Albany Evening Journal, January 28, 1863.

[118] New York Tribune, January 30, 1863.

[119] Thurlow Weed Barnes, Life of Thurlow Weed, Vol. 2, p. 485.

[120] Albany Evening Journal, January 28, 1863.

[121] "Let it pass whether or not the editor of the Tribune has been intensely ambitious for office. It would have been a blessed thing for the country if the editor of the Journal had been impelled by the same passion. For avarice is more ignoble than ambition, and the craving for jobs has a more corrupting influence, alike on the individual and the public, than aspiration to office."—New York Tribune, December 12, 1862.

[122] Thurlow Weed, Autobiography, pp. 360-361.

[123] George S. Boutwell, Sixty Years in Public Affairs, Vol. 2, p. 207.

[124] This opprobrious epithet first appeared in the New York Tribune of January 12, 1863, and in the Times of February 13.

[125] The Union League Club of New York was organized February 6, 1863; its club house, No. 26 E. 17th St., was opened May 12.

[126] F.W. Seward, Life of W.H. Seward, Vol. 3, p. 159.

[127] Horatio Seymour, Public Record, pp. 85-105.

[128] T.W. Barnes, Life of Thurlow Weed, Vol. 2, p. 428.

[129] Nicolay-Hay, Abraham Lincoln, Vol. 7, pp. 10, 11.

[130] New York Times, August 18, 1879.

[131] "Governor Seymour was a patriotic man, after his fashion, but his hatred of the Lincoln Administration was evidently deep; and it was also clear that he did not believe that the war for the Union could be brought to a successful termination."—Andrew D. White, Autobiography, Vol. 1, p. 105.

[132] Nicolay-Hay, Abraham Lincoln, Vol. 7, p. 11.

[133] Horatio Seymour, Public Record, p. 109.

[134] Nicolay-Hay, Abraham Lincoln, Vol. 7, p. 12.

[135] Appleton's Cyclopædia, 1863, p. 689.

[136] Appleton's Cyclopædia, 1863, pp. 800-802. Lincoln, Complete Works, Vol. 2, p. 347.

[137] 4 Wallace, p. 125.

[138] Couch's report, Official Records, Vol. 27, Part 2, 214.

[139] Horatio Seymour, Public Record, pp. 118-124.

Ten days later, in the midst of riot and bloodshed, the World said: "Will the insensate men at Washington now give ear to our warnings? Will they now believe that defiance of law in the rulers breeds defiance of law in the people? Does the doctrine that in war laws are silent, please them when put in practice in the streets of New York?"—New York World, July 14, 1863.

[140] New York Tribune, July 15, 1863.

[141] Nicolay-Hay, Abraham Lincoln, Vol. 7, p. 26.

[142] Ibid., p. 23.

[143] James B. Fry, New York and the Conscription, p. 33.

[144] New York Tribune, Herald, Times, and World, July 15; also, Public Record of Horatio Seymour, pp. 127-128.

[145] New York Tribune, Herald, and Times.

[146] James B. Fry, New York and the Conscription, p. 14. "Seymour showed his lack of executive ability by not filling up the quota of New York by volunteers in less than a month after the Conscription Act was passed. This a clever executive could easily have done and so avoided all trouble."—New York Herald, September 11, 1863.

[147] James B. Fry, New York and the Conscription, p. 32.

[148] The Public Record of Horatio Seymour, p. 153.

[149] The constitutionality of the Conscription Act of March 3, 1863, was affirmed by the United States Circuit Courts of Pennsylvania and Illinois.

[150] The Public Record of Horatio Seymour, p. 156.

[151] Wakeman was postmaster at New York City.

[152] "Porter received 213 votes to 140 for Depew, who made a remarkable run under the circumstances."—New York Herald, September 3, 1863.

"Greeley sent for me some weeks before the convention and pressed me with such vigour to take a position upon the State ticket that I finally consented. He then secured from practically the whole State an endorsement of the suggestion on my behalf. On the morning of the convention he suddenly decided that some one connected with the army must be chosen and sent around an order for a change of programme just before the roll was called. It was the most fortunate thing that could have happened to me, but created widespread distrust of his qualities as a leader."—Speech of Chauncey M. Depew, April 4, 1902. Addresses of, November, 1896, to April, 1902, pp. 238-239.

[153] "So far as politics were concerned, Greeley's affections seemed to be lavished on politicians who flattered and coddled him. Of this the rise of Governor Fenton was a striking example."—Andrew D. White, Autobiography, Vol. 1, p. 160.

[154] The State ticket was as follows: Secretary of state, Chauncey M. Depew of Westchester; Comptroller, Lucius Robinson of Chemung; Canal Commissioner, Benjamin F. Bruce of Madison; Treasurer, George W. Schuyler of Tompkins; State Engineer, William B. Taylor of Oneida; Prison Inspector, James K. Bates of Jefferson; Judge of Appeals, Henry S. Selden of Monroe; Attorney-General, John Cochrane of New York.

[155] New York Herald, September 3, 1863.

[156] The Constitutional Union convention, meeting at Albany on September 8, named candidates for attorney-general and prison inspector, with the request that the Democratic convention endorse them; otherwise it would put a full ticket into the field. Among its State Committee appeared the names of former governor Washington Hunt and Lorenzo Burrows. It resolved to resist all departures from the strict letter of the Constitution, whether based upon military necessity or a usurpation of doubtful powers.

"We tender the Democratic State convention our hearty thanks for their contemptuous treatment of Jim Brooks & Co.'s one-horse concern, consisting of fifteen or twenty officers and three or four privates. That concern is thoroughly bogus—a barefaced imposture which should be squelched and its annual nuisance abated."—New York Tribune, September 11, 1863.

[157] "Governor Seymour can talk more without saying anything, and write more without meaning anything, than any other man we know.... We consider Seymour not much of a man, and no Governor at all."—New York Herald (editorial), September 11, 1863.

[158] Ibid., September 10.

[159] The ticket was made up as follows: Secretary of state, David B. St. John of Otsego; Comptroller, Sanford E. Church of Orleans; Attorney-General, Marshall B. Champlain of Allegany; State Engineer, Van R. Richmond of Wayne; Treasurer, William B. Lewis of Kings; Canal Commissioner, William W. Wright, of Ontario; Inspector of Prisons, David B. McNeil of Clinton; Judge of Appeals, William F. Allen, of Oswego.—Ibid.

[160] Ibid., September 26.

[161] New York Tribune, October 9.

[162] New York Tribune, October 1, 1863.

[163] Seymour spoke at Buffalo, Syracuse, Utica, and New York City, on October 26, 28, 29, and 31 respectively.

[164] Record of Horatio Seymour, pp. 168-176.

[165] New York Tribune, November 2, 1863.

[166] New York Herald, November 6, 1863.

[167] "Depew received 29,405 votes more than St. John for secretary of state." Ibid., December 5, 1863.

[168] Delivered November 3, 1863. New York Herald, November 6.

[169] Nicolay-Hay, Abraham Lincoln, Vol. 6, p. 266. Senators Sumner of Massachusetts, Trumbull of Illinois, Grimes of Iowa, and Pomeroy of Kansas, voted Yes; Collamer of Vermont, Fessenden of Maine, and Howard of Michigan declined to vote. Wade of Ohio was absent.

[170] Nicolay-Hay, Abraham Lincoln, Vol. 6, p. 268.

[171] Seward, Life of W.H. Seward, Vol. 3, p. 197.

[172] Ibid., p. 196.

[173] T.W. Barnes, Life of Thurlow Weed, Vol. 2, p. 434.

[174] Maunsell B. Field, Memories of Many Men, p. 304.

[175] Barnes, Life of Thurlow Weed, Vol. 2, p. 440.

[176] Ibid., p. 437.

[177] T.W. Barnes, Life of Thurlow Weed, Vol. 2, pp. 437-439.

[178] New York Herald, May 24, 1864.

[179] Ibid., February 7.

[180] It was called to meet on June 7.

[181] Appleton's Cyclopædia, 1864, p. 785.

[182] New York Tribune, April 25, 1864.

[183] New York Independent, February 25, 1864.

[184] New York Tribune, February 23, 1864.

[185] Nicolay-Hay, Abraham Lincoln, Vol. 7, p. 389.

[186] Nicolay-Hay, Abraham Lincoln, Vol. 9, p. 20.

[187] Appleton's Cyclopædia, 1864, p. 786.

[188] New York Tribune, May 10, 1864.

[189] New York Herald, May 29.

[190] "Greeley received an almost unanimous call to lead the party in the State and the first convention which he attended (1862) bowed absolutely to his will. He thought he was a great political leader, and he might have been if he had ever been sure of himself; but he was one of the poorest judges of men, and in that way was often deceived, often misled, and often led to change his opinions.... In less than two years his power was gone."—From speech of Chauncey M. Depew, April 4, 1902. Addresses of, November, 1896, to April, 1902, pp. 238-239.

[191] Cochrane's speech at Cleveland. McPherson's History of the Rebellion, p. 411.

[192] Ibid., p. 413.

[193] Ibid., p. 412.

[194] A singular mistake of the convention was its nomination, contrary to the requirement of the Constitution, of both candidates from the same State.

[195] Nicolay-Hay, Abraham Lincoln, Vol. 9, p. 40.

[196] T.W. Barnes, Life of Thurlow Weed, Vol. 2, p. 443.

[197] See New York Herald, April 25, 27, May 7, 9, 14, 16, 18, 23, 26, 28, 29, 31, June 1, 4; New York Tribune, May 10, 12, 13, 14; New York Times, May 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 19; New York World, May 2, 11, 12, 13, 14.

[198] Edward McPherson, History of the Rebellion, pp. 406-407.

[199] Ibid., p. 407.

[200] Johnson received 200 votes to 108 for Dickinson. After recording all changes, the ballot stood: Johnson, 494; Dickinson, 17; Hamlin, 9. McPherson, Hist. of the Rebellion, p. 407.

[201] Alex. K. McClure, Lincoln and Men of War Times, p. 444.

[202] Nicolay-Hay, Abraham Lincoln, Vol. 9, pp. 72-73.

[203] Alex. K. McClure, Lincoln and Men of War Times, pp. 425-449.

[204] Nicolay-Hay, Abraham Lincoln, Vol. 9, p. 93.

[205] Ibid., pp. 93-94.

[206] Nicolay-Hay, Abraham Lincoln, Vol. 9, p. 95.

[207] "Simeon Draper was impulsive and demonstrative. With the advantages of a fine person, good conversational powers, and ready wit, his genial presence and cheerful voice imparted life and spirit to the numerous social circles in which he was ever a welcome guest." Weed's Reminiscences, T.W. Barnes, Life of Thurlow Weed, Vol. 2, p. 483.

[208] Except certain ones specifically exempted.

[209] Lincoln, Complete Works, Vol. 2, p. 443.

[210] Public Record of Horatio Seymour, pp. 198-212.

[211] Horace Greeley, History of the Rebellion, Vol. 2, p. 667.

[212] Motley's Letters, Vol. 2, p. 168.

[213] Nicolay-Hay, Abraham Lincoln, Vol. 9, p. 186.

[214] Ibid., pp. 187-188.

[215] J.R. Gilmore (Kirke), Down in Tennessee, pp. 272-280.

[216] "To whom it may concern: Any proposition which embraces the restoration of peace, the integrity of the whole Union, and the abandonment of slavery, and which comes by and with an authority that can control the armies now at war against the United States will be received and considered by the executive government of the United States and will be met by liberal terms on other substantial and collateral points, and the bearer or bearers thereof shall have safe conduct both ways. Abraham Lincoln."—Horace Greeley, The American Conflict, Vol. 2, p. 665; Appleton's Cyclopædia, 1864, p. 780; Nicolay-Hay, Abraham Lincoln, Vol. 9, p. 192.

[217] "The undersigned, citizens of the State of New York and unconditional supporters of the national government, convinced that a union of all loyal citizens of the United States upon the basis of a common patriotism is essential to the safety and honour of the country in this crisis of its affairs; that the present distraction and apathy which depress the friends of the Union threaten to throw the Government into the hands of its enemies; and that a convention of the people should be assembled to consider the state of the nation and to concentrate the union strength on some one candidate, who commands the confidence of the country, even by a new nomination if necessary; do therefore invite their fellow citizens ... to send delegates ... to a convention at Cincinnati on Wednesday, September 28, for friendly consultation, with the purpose above stated."—New York Sun, June 30, 1889.

[218] Under date of Aug. 18, 1864, Greeley wrote Opdyke: "I must go out of town to-morrow and cannot attend the meeting at your house. Allow me to say a word. Mr. Lincoln is already beaten. He cannot be elected. We must have another ticket to save us from utter overthrow. And such a ticket we ought to have anyhow, with or without a convention."—Ibid.

On August 26, Dickinson declared that "the cry for a change, whether wise or ill founded, should be both heard and heeded."—Ibid.

On August 29, Lucius Robinson regretted "that it will be impossible for me to be present at the meeting at Mr. Field's to-morrow evening.... McClellan will be the next President unless Lincoln is at once withdrawn."—Ibid.

[219] Nicolay-Hay, Abraham Lincoln, Vol. 9, p. 366.

[220] New York Sun, June 30, 1889.

[221] Nicolay-Hay, Abraham Lincoln, Vol. 9, p. 250.

[222] Ibid., p. 218.

[223] Lincoln's Complete Works, Vol. 2, p. 563.

[224] Nicolay-Hay, Abraham Lincoln, Vol. 9, p. 251.

[225] "The announcement in the Albany Argus that Governor Seymour was not a candidate was written by Seymour himself, and taken to the Argus by his private secretary. It is now announced that it was intended as a feeler. The whole force of the opposition to McClellan is centred in this move for Seymour."—New York Herald (Chicago despatch), August 28, 1864.

[226] "Dean Richmond remains firm for McClellan, and has cut loose from the Regency. He is at the present moment closeted with Seymour, trying to convince him of the fallacy of the move."—New York Herald (Chicago despatch), August 28, 1864.

[227] Ibid., September 1, 1864.

[228] Statement to Preston King in 1854. Harper's Weekly, September 16, 1876.

[229] Letter to William Kent in October, 1860.

[230] Horace Greeley, The American Conflict, Vol. 1, pp. 388-394. William H. Russell's Diary, entry March 17, 1861, p. 20.

[231] Harper's Weekly, September 9, 1876.

[232] John Bigelow, Life of Tilden, Vol. 1, pp. 173-174.

[233] Harper's Weekly, September 9 and 27, 1876.

[234] "Never did men work harder than Messrs. Guthrie of Kentucky and Tilden of New York. All they asked finally was that the platform should not be so strong for peace that it would drive the war vote from them."—New York Herald, September 5, 1864.

"Vallandigham wrote the second, the material resolution, of the Chicago platform, and carried it through the sub-committee and the general committee, in spite of the most desperate and persistent opposition on the part of Tilden and his friends, Mr. Cassidy himself in an adjoining room labouring to defeat it."—New York News, October 22, 1864.

"The platform which declared the war a failure was jointly concocted by Seymour and Vallandigham."—New York Tribune, November 5, 1868.

[235] "Governor Seymour was an elegant and accomplished gentleman with a high-bred manner which never unbent, and he was always faultlessly dressed. He looked the ideal of an aristocrat, and yet he was and continued to be until his death the idol of the Democracy."—Speeches of Chauncey M. Depew, November, 1896, to April, 1902, p. 105.

[236] Horatio Seymour's Public Record, pp. 230-232.

[237] Edward McPherson, History of the Rebellion, p. 419; Appleton's Cyclopædia, 1864, p. 793.

[238] "McClellan's supporters are not scared by any paper pellets of the brain, wise or otherwise, which ever came from the midnight sessions of a resolution committee in the hurly-burly of a national convention."—Speech of Robert C. Winthrop in New York City, September 17, 1864.—Addresses and Speeches, Vol. 2, p. 598.

[239] "When the resolution, as reported, had been debated in the committee, Mr. Tilden, far from protesting, stated in the convention that there was no dissent among the members. His remarks were confirmed by Mr. Brown of Delaware, who said there was not the slightest dissension, and by Mr. Weller of California, who said that all were in favour of peace."—Harper's Weekly, September 9, 1876.

[240] The first ballot resulted as follows: Seymour of New York, 12; Seymour of Connecticut, 38; McClellan, 181. In the adjustment, after the conclusion of the roll-call, McClellan had 202½ and Seymour of Connecticut, 28½. Vallandigham moved to make the nomination unanimous. George H. Pendleton of Ohio was named for Vice-President.

[241] "McClellan's name, associated with a noble struggle for the national cause, has elicited and will elicit the wildest enthusiasm; but leagued with propositions for national humiliation, it is not a name the people will honor. McClellan is not large enough to cover out of sight the bad points in the Chicago platform."—New York Herald, September 6, 1864.

[242] New York Herald, September 8.

[243] New York Tribune, December 7, 1863.

[244] "The informal vote was as follows: Fenton, 247½; Tremaine, 69; Dix, 35½."—New York Herald, September 8, 1864.

[245] "The ticket is as follows: Governor, Reuben E. Fenton of Chautauqua; Lieutenant-Governor, Thomas G. Alvord of Onondaga; Canal Commissioner, Franklin A. Alberger of Erie; Inspector of Prisons, David P. Forrest of Schenectady."—New York Tribune, September 14, 1864.

[246] "The following is the vote for presidential elector-at-large: Horace Greeley, 215; Preston King, 191½; Daniel S. Dickinson, 143; Richard M. Blatchford, 86; John A. King, 10; Lyman Tremaine, 13; J.S.T. Stranahan, 27; Thurlow Weed, 1."—Ibid., September 8.

[247] "The nomination of Horace Greeley for elector-at-large is a bitter pill. The Weed men make no secret that Fenton's name is the only thing that will save the ticket."—New York Herald, September 8.

[248] Held at Albany on September 14.

[249] New York Herald, September 14, 1864.

[250] Ibid., September 16.

[251] "Seymour tried to get the nomination at Chicago by the same tricky means he has secured it at Albany,—by declaring beforehand that he would not be a candidate. He failed at Chicago because of the overwhelming popularity of McClellan; he succeeded at Albany by his friends seizing a moment to nominate him when the convention was in a delirium of enthusiasm at his apparent self-sacrifice in persisting to decline."—New York Herald (editorial), September 17, 1864.

[252] From Chauncey M. Depew's speech, March 23, 1901.—Addresses of, p. 105.

"The ticket nominated is as follows: Governor, Horatio Seymour of Oneida; Lieutenant-Governor, David R. Floyd Jones of Queens; Canal Commissioner, Jarvis Lord of Monroe; Prison Inspector, David B. McNeil of Clinton; electors-at-large, William E. Kelley of Dutchess and Washington Hunt of Niagara."—New York Herald, September 16, 1864.

[253] Official Records, Vol. 43, Part 1, p. 26.

[254] New York Times, September 9, 1864; Appleton's Cyclopædia, 1864, p. 134.

[255] New York Tribune, October 11, 1864.

[256] Edward Cary, Life of G.W. Curtis, pp. 186-187.

[257] New York Sun, June 30, 1889.

[258] Public Record of Horatio Seymour, p. 254.

[259] New York World, September 22, 23, 1864.

[260] "The Journal of Commerce of yesterday indulges in a general fling against the personal habits of the President and other members of his family."—New York Herald, October 11, 1864.

[261] Ibid., November 5.

[262] Public Record of Horatio Seymour, p. 257.

[263] Appleton's Cyclopædia, 1864, pp. 584-8; New York Herald, November 4 and 5; New York Tribune, October 27, 28, 29, November 2, 4. 5.

[264] Ibid., November 5, 1864.

[265] Appleton's Cyclopædia, 1864, pp. 584-588.

[266] New York Tribune, January 18, 1869.

[267] Apropos of Greeley's desire for office, Waldo M. Hutchins when in Congress in 1879 told Joseph G. Cannon, now the distinguished speaker of the House of Representatives, that in September, 1864, during a call upon Greeley, the latter exhibited a letter from Lincoln two days old, inviting him to the White House. Greeley, mindful of his efforts to substitute another candidate for Lincoln, said he would not reply and should not go, but Hutchins finally gained consent to represent him. Hutchins reached Washington very early the next morning, and the President, although clad only in undershirt and trousers, received him and began enlarging upon the importance of a re-election, suggesting that in such event Seward would enjoy being minister to England, and that Greeley would make an admirable successor to Benjamin Franklin, the first postmaster-general. Hutchins reported this to Greeley, who immediately turned the Tribune into a Lincoln organ. In the following April Greeley recalled Lincoln's statement to Hutchins, who at once left for the capital. He reached Washington the morning after the President's assassination.

[268] Except certain specified classes, the most important of which were civil or diplomatic officers of the Confederacy, military officers above the rank of colonel, governors of States, former members of Congress who had left their seats to aid the rebellion, and all who owned property to exceed $20,000 in value. But these excepted persons might make special application to the President for pardon and to them clemency would be "liberally extended."

[269] New York Tribune, June 14, 15, 20, 26, 28, July 8, 10, 31, August 26, September 20, October 7, 19, 1864.

[270] New York Herald, September 9.

[271] New York Tribune, September 9, 1864.

"The ticket nominated was as follows: Secretary of State, Henry W. Slocum, Onondaga; Comptroller, Lucius Robinson, Chemung; Attorney-General, John Van Buren, New York; Treasurer, Marsena R. Patrick, Ontario; State Engineer, Sylvanus H. Sweet, Oneida; Canal Commissioner, Cornelius W. Armstrong, Albany; Prison Inspector, Andrew J. McNutt, Allegany; Judges of Appeals, John W. Brown, Orange; Martin Grover, Allegany; Clerk of Appeals, Edward O. Perkins, Kings."—New York Herald, September 9, 1864.

[272] The ticket nominated was as follows: Secretary of State, Francis G. Barlow of New York; Comptroller, Thomas Hillhouse of Ontario; Attorney-General, John H. Martindale of Monroe; Treasurer, Joseph Howland of Dutchess; State Engineer, J. Platt Goodsell of Oneida; Canal Commissioner, Robert C. Dorn of Schenectady; Inspector of Prisons, Henry W. Barnum of Onondaga; Judges of Court of Appeals, Ward Hunt of Oneida; John K. Porter of Albany; Clerk of Appeals, Henry Jones of Cattaraugus.

[273] Edward L. Pierce, Life of Sumner, Vol. 4, pp. 230, 250.

[274] Autobiography of Thurlow Weed, p. 475.

[275] Sumner's Works, Vol. 9, p. 480.

[276] Edward L. Pierce, Life of Sumner, Vol. 4, p. 480.

[277] New York Tribune, September 21, 1865.

[278] New York Herald, September 21, 1865.

[279] New York Tribune, September 21, 1865.

[280] New York Times, October 17, 1865.

[281] New York World, November 2, 1865.

[282] From letter of Chauncey M. Depew.—Albany Evening Journal, October 23, 1864.

[283] New York Tribune, November 3, 1865.

[284] For more than a year Van Buren's health had been impaired, and in the spring of 1866 he went to Europe. But a change of climate brought no relief, and he died, on the return voyage, at the age of fifty-six. That the people deeply mourned his loss is the evidence of those, still living, to whom there was something dashing and captivating even in his errors.

[285] Senate Ex. Doc. No. 2, 39th Cong., 1st Session.

[286] McPherson, History of Reconstruction, pp. 67-68.

[287] Congressional Globe, Vol. 37, Part 1, pp. 73-74.

[288] New York and the New England States except Connecticut, although New York required a property qualification, but none for the white.

[289] Congressional Globe, Vol. 37, Part 1, pp. 120-123.

[290] Congressional Globe, Vol. 37, Part 2, pp. 1307-1308.

[291] Congressional Globe, p. 474.

[292] Congressional Globe, Appendix, p. 124.

[293] T.W. Barnes, Life of Thurlow Weed, Vol. 1, p. 630.

[294] Augustus Maverick, Life of Henry J. Raymond, p. 225.

Apropos of Raymond's fickleness Stevens remarked, when the former appealed to his friends on the floor to furnish him a pair, that he saw no reason for it, since he had observed that the gentleman from New York found no difficulty in pairing with himself.—William M. Stewart, Reminiscences, pp. 205-206.

At another time when an excited member declared that Stevens commands us to "go it blind," Hale of New York, with an innocent expression, asked the meaning of the phrase. Instantly Stevens retorted: "It means following Raymond." The hit was doubly happy since Hale had followed Raymond in his support of Johnson.—Boutwell, Reminiscences, Vol. 2, p. 11.

[295] Edward McPherson, History of the Reconstruction, p. 81.

[296] The above statement is based upon the diary of Raymond, published by his son.

[297] Letter of July 17.—Augustus Maverick, Life of Raymond, pp. 173-174.

[298] New York Tribune, August 22, 1866.

[299] Ibid., September 28.

[300] Ibid., September 4 and 6.

[301] Augustus Maverick, Life of Raymond, p. 174.

[302] McPherson's Reconstruction, p. 45.

[303] Blaine's Twenty Tears of Congress, Vol. 2, p. 14.

[304] Edward L. Pierce, Life of Sumner, Vol. 4, p. 376; Sumner's Works, Vol. 11, p. 19.

[305] James G. Blaine, Twenty Years of Congress, Vol. 2, p. 63.

[306] New York Tribune, September 4, 1866.

[307] Thornton K. Lothrop, Life of Seward, p. 424.

[308] James G. Blaine, Twenty Years of Congress, Vol. 2, p. 115.

[309] This speech does not appear in his Works, but was published at the time of its delivery in pamphlet form.

[310] New York Independent, May 31, 1866.

[311] James Russell Lowell, Political Essays, p. 296.

[312] F.W. Seward, Life of W.H. Seward, Vol. 3, p. 339.

[313] Sherman's Letters, p. 278.

[314] New York Nation, Vol. 3, p. 234.

[315] New York Tribune, September 6, 1866.

[316] "There stood Fenton, marking the lowest point in the choice of a State executive ever reached in our Commonwealth by the Republican party."—Autobiography, Vol. 1, p. 131.

[317] "The Republican ticket was as follows: Governor, Reuben E. Fenton, Chautauqua; Lieutenant-Governor, Stewart L. Woodford, Kings; Canal Commissioner, Stephen T. Hoyt, Steuben; Prison Inspector, John Hammond, Essex."—New York Tribune, September 7, 1866.

[318] New York Times (editorial), September 7, 1866.

[319] New York Evening Post, August 27, 1866.

[320] New York Times, September 7.

[321] Letter of Thurlow Weed, New York Times, October 9, 1866.

[322] New York Times, September 10, 1866.

[323] New York Times, September 13, 1866.

[324] James F. Rhodes, History of the United States, Vol. 6, p. 401, note.

[325] New York World, October 5, 1866.

[326] The ticket was as follows: Governor, John T. Hoffman, New York; Lieutenant-Governor, Robert H. Pruyn, Albany; Canal Commissioner, William W. Wright; Prison Inspector, Frank B. Gallagher, Erie.

[327] New York Times, October 9, 1866.

[328] New York Times, September 13, 1866.

[329] Ibid., September 17.

[330] Buffalo Commercial Advertiser, September 14, 1866.

[331] New York Times, September 27, 1866.

[332] Ibid., October 2, 5.

[333] Ibid., September 27.

[334] New York Times, October 9, 1866.

[335] Ibid.

[336] The Nation, September 6, p. 191; September 27, p. 241.

[337] New York Tribune, October 1, 1866.

[338] New York Evening Post, September 11, 1866.

[339] Extract from private letter, September 6, 1866.

[340] New York Tribune, October 16, 1866.

[341] Ibid., September 7.

[342] New York Times, September 13, 1866.

[343] Ibid., September 9.

[344] New York Tribune, November 1, 1866.

[345] New York Tribune, Oct. 5, 1866.

[346] Ibid., Oct. 10.

[347] Ibid.

[348] Gustavus Myers, History of Tammany Hall, p. 250.

[349] Fenton, 366,315; Hoffman, 352,526.—Civil List, State of New York, 1887, p. 166.

[350] New York Tribune, January 18, 1869.

[351] Ibid., November 9, 1866.

[352] Andrew D. White, Autobiography, Vol. 1, p. 134.

[353] "As to the gentleman's cruel sarcasm," said Blaine, "I hope he will not be too severe. The contempt of that large-minded gentleman is so wilting, his haughty disdain, his grandiloquent swell, his majestic, supereminent, overpowering, turkey-gobbler strut has been so crushing to myself and all the members of this House, that I know it was an act of the greatest temerity for me to venture upon a controversy with him." Referring to a comparison which had been made of Conkling to Henry Winter Davis, Blaine continued: "The gentleman took it seriously, and it has given his strut additional pomposity. The resemblance is great; it is striking. Hyperion to a Satyr, Thersites to Hercules, mud to marble, dunghill to diamond, a singed cat to a Bengal tiger, a whining puppy to a roaring lion."—Congressional Globe, April 20, 1866, Vol. 37, Part 3, p. 2298.

"I do not think Conkling was the equal in debate with Blaine."—George F. Hoar, Autobiography, Vol. 2, p. 55. "Conkling was the more dignified and commanding, but Blaine more aggravating and personal. When Blaine likened Conkling to a strutting turkey-gobbler, the House slightly hissed. But on the whole that debate was regarded as a draw."—William M. Stewart, Reminiscences, p. 206.

[354] New York Times, January 3, 1867.

[355] A.R. Conkling, Life of Conkling, pp. 286-7.

[356] New York Tribune, November 9, 1866.

[357] Edward Cary, Life of Curtis, p. 193.

[358] Conkling and Roberts quarrelled in the early seventies—the former, perhaps, unwilling to have two great men in Oneida County—and Roberts was defeated for Congress in 1874. After that the Utica Herald became Conkling's bitterest enemy. See interviews, New York Herald, November 9, 1877, and New York Tribune, November 10, 1877.

[359] A.R. Conkling, Life of Roscoe Conkling, pp. 286-287.

[360] New York Times, January 4, 1867.

[361] New York Times, January 10.

[362] The vote by ballots stood as follows:

	First	Second	Third	Fourth	Fifth
Conkling	33	39	45	53	59
Davis	30	41	44	50	49
Harris	32	24	18	6	—
Balcom	7	4	2	—	—
Greeley	6	—	—	—	—
Folger	1	1	—	—	1

The Democratic caucus, held the same evening, nominated Henry C. Murphy of Brooklyn, who received 25 votes to 21 for A. Oakey Hall of New York.

[363] Washington Chronicle, March 28, 1867.

[364] The following were nominated: Secretary of State, James B. McKean, Saratoga; Comptroller, Calvin T. Hulburd, St. Lawrence; Treasurer, Theodore B. Gates, Ulster; Attorney-General, Joshua M. Van Cott, Kings; State Engineer, Archibald C. Powell, Onondaga; Canal Commissioner, John M. Hammond, Allegany; Prison Inspector, Gilbert De Lamatyr, Wyoming; Court of Appeals, Charles Mason, Madison. Of those selected, McKean and Hulburd had served two terms each in Congress.

[365] New York World, October 4, 1867.

[366] Buffalo Commercial Advertiser, September 25, 1867.

[367] New York Times, September 27, 1867.

[368] James G. Blaine, Twenty Years of Congress, Vol. 2, p. 140.

[369] Gustavus Myers, History of Tammany Hall, p. 250.

[370] New York Tribune, March 5, 1868.

[371] Tweed's testimony, Document No. 8, p. 105.

[372] Gustavus Myers, History of Tammany Hall, p. 257.

[373] New York World, October 4, 1867.

[374] The following persons were nominated: Secretary of State, Homer A. Nelson, Dutchess; Comptroller, William F. Allen, Oswego; Treasurer, Wheeler H. Bristol, Tioga; Attorney-General, Marshal B. Champlain, Allegany; State Engineer, Van R. Richmond, Wayne; Canal Commissioner, John F. Fay, Monroe; Prison Inspector, Nicholas B. Scheu, Erie; Court of Appeals, Martin Grover, Allegany.

[375] New York World, October 4, 1867.

[376] New York World, October 4, 1867.

[377] New York World, September 27, 1867.

The story of these frauds is found in two volumes of testimony submitted by the Canal Investigation Committee to the Constitutional Convention of 1867.

[378] New York World, September 27, 1867.

[379] Ibid., October 16, 22.

[380] Ibid., October 22.

[381] New York World, October 25.

[382] Ibid., October 4.

[383] New York Tribune, September 26, 1867.

[384] New York World, September 27, 1867.

[385] New York World, October 25, 1867.

[386] Gustavus Myers, History of Tammany Hall, p. 250.

[387] Buffalo Commercial Advertiser, November 6, 1867.

[388] Albany Evening Journal, November 6.

[389] New York Tribune, November 6.

[390] Sherman's Letters, p. 299.

[391] Impeachment Trial, Vol. 1, p. 223.

[392] New York World, July 25, 1867.

[393] New York Tribune, October 15, 1867.

[394] New York Tribune, November 7, 1867.

[395] T.W. Barnes, Life of Thurlow Weed, Vol. 2, p. 458.

[396] New York Times, February 4, 1868.

[397] T.W. Barnes, Life of Thurlow Weed, Vol. 2, p. 459.

[398] Official Proceedings of the Convention, p. 96.

[399]

BALLOTS

	1	2	3	4	5	6
Wade	147	170	178	206	207	38
Colfax	115	145	165	186	226	541
Fenton	126	144	139	144	139	69
Wilson	119	114	101	87	56
Hamlin	28	30	25	25	20
Curtin	51	45	40

Outside of New York Fenton's vote was as follows:

Northern States	23	33	32	32	31	2
Southern States	44	45	42	48	61	1

[400] New York Tribune, July 9, 1868.

[401] New York Tribune, July 9, 1868.

[402] Ibid.

[403] Ibid.

[404] New York Times, July 9.

[405] The Nation, July 16.

[406] New York Times, July 9, 1868.

[407] Conversation with the author.

The ticket nominated was as follows: Governor, John A. Griswold, Rensselaer; Lieutenant-Governor, Alonzo B. Cornell, Wyoming; Canal Commissioner, Alexander Barkley, Washington; Prison Inspector, Henry A. Barnum, Onondaga.

[408] The Nation, November 11, 1869.

[409] New York Tribune, July 9, 1868.

[410] New York Tribune, March 5, 1868.

[411] New York Times, September 4, 1868.

[412] New York World, July 10, 1868.

[413] New York World, July 10, 1868.

[414] New York Times, Sept. 4.

[415] New York World, July 10.

[416] New York Times, Sept. 4, 1868.

[417] New York World, July 10.

[418] New York Times, July 10.

[419] Ibid.

[420] New York Times, July 10, 1868.

[421] Ibid.

[422] New York Times, September 4, 1868.

[423] John Bigelow, Life of Samuel J. Tilden, Vol. 1, p. 211.

[424] New York World, July 10, 1868.

[425] John Bigelow, Life of Tilden, Vol. 1, p. 212.

[426] Public Record of Horatio Seymour, p. 343.

[427] New York Times, August 10.

[428] New York Tribune, November 5, 1868.

[429] "Then we have John T. Hoffman, who is kept by Tammany Hall as a kind of respectable attaché. His humble work is to wear good clothes and be always gloved, to be decorous and polite; to be as much a model of deportment as Mr. Turvydrop; to repeat as often as need be, in a loud voice, sentences about 'honesty' and 'public welfare,' but to appoint to rich places such men as Mr. Sweeny. Hoffman is kept for the edification of the country Democrats, but all he has or ever can have comes from Tammany Hall."—Ibid., March 5, 1868.

[430] New York Times, World, and Tribune, September 3, 1868.

[431] New York World, July 10, 1868.

[432] New York Tribune, March 5.

The ticket nominated was as follows: Governor, John T. Hoffman, New York; Lieutenant-Governor, Allen C. Beach, Jefferson; Canal Commissioner, Oliver Bascom, Washington; Inspector of Prisons, David B. McNeil, Cayuga; Clerk of Court of Appeals, Edward O. Perrin, Queens.

[433] Report of the Secretary of War, 1868, p. 81.

[434] Albert B. Paine, Life of Thomas Nast, p. 130.

[435] McPherson, History of Reconstruction, p. 381.

[436] Horatio Seymour, Public Record, p. 345.

[437] A.R. Conkling, Life of Roscoe Conkling, p. 313.

[438] Seward's Works, Vol. 5, pp. 550-556.

[439] Autobiography, Vol. 1, p. 151.

[440] John Bigelow, Life of Samuel J. Tilden, Vol. 1, p. 217.

[441] New York Tribune, November 14, 1868.

[442] New York Evening Post, November 4, 1868; Harper's Weekly, September 30, 1876.

[443] New York Times, November 2, 1868.

[444] New York Tribune, November 6, 1868.

[445] Ibid., November 7.

[446] Ibid., November 23.

[447] From speech of Conkling delivered in the U.S. Senate, April 24, 1879.—Thomas V. Cooper, American Politics, Book 3, p. 180.

[448] The Nation, October 29, 1868.

[449] The Nation, October 29, 1868.

[450] Ibid., March 4, 1869.

[451] New York Tribune, January 13 and 18, 1869.

[452] New York Times, January 12, 1869.

[453] New York World, January 6, 1869.

[454] New York Commercial Advertiser, January 2, 1869.

[455] New York Sun, January 4.

[456] New York Tribune, January 9.

[457] New York World, January 6.

[458] The Nation, March 18.

[459] New York Times, January 9, 1869.

[460] New York Tribune, January 13, 1881.

[461] T.W. Barnes, Life of Thurlow Weed, Vol. 2, p. 462.

[462] New York Nation, September 30, 1869.

[463] New York World, January 12, 1869.

[464] Gustavus Myers, History of Tammany Hall, p. 274.

[465] New York Tribune, July 24, 1869.

[466] New York Tribune, July 24, 1869.

[467] Ibid., July 22.

[468] Ibid., July 24, and 29.

[469] The Republican State convention, held at Syracuse on September 30, 1869, nominated the following ticket: Secretary of state, George William Curtis, Richmond; Comptroller Thomas Hillhouse, Ontario; Treasurer, Thomas S. Chatfield, Tioga; Attorney-General, Martin I. Townsend, Rensselaer; Engineer and Surveyor, John C. Robinson, Broome; Canal Commissioner, Stephen F. Hoyt, Steuben; Prison Inspector, Daniel D. Conover, New York; Court of Appeals, Lewis B. Woodruff, New York; Charles Mason, Madison.

Franz Sigel, Horace Greeley, and William B. Taylor of Oneida were subsequently substituted for Curtis, Hillhouse, and Robinson.

[470] New York Tribune, October 11, 1869.

[471] Appleton's Cyclopædia, 1869, p. 486.

[472] The Democratic ticket was as follows: Secretary of state, Homer A. Nelson, Dutchess; Comptroller, William F. Allen, Oswego; Treasurer, Wheeler H. Bristol, Tioga; Attorney-General, Marshall B. Champlain, Allegany; State Engineer, Van Rensselaer Richmond, Wayne; Canal Commissioner, William W. Wright; Prison Inspector, Fordyce Laflin, Ulster; Court of Appeals, John A. Lott, Kings; Robert Earl, Herkimer.

[473] New York Tribune, October 11, 1869.

[474] Nelson for secretary of state over Sigel, 22,524; Allen for comptroller over Greeley, 26,533; Greeley over Sigel in New York City, 1,774; Sigel over Greeley in the State, 4,938; against the constitution, 19,759; majority for the judiciary article, 6,006.—New York Tribune, November 23, 1869.

[475] New York Times, March 25, 1870.

[476] The Tweed Case, 1876, Vol. 2, p. 1212.

[477] Document No. 8, pp. 84-92; Gustavus Myers, History of Tammany Hall, p. 272; James F. Rhodes, History of the United States, Vol. 6, p. 395; New York Tribune, September 17, 1877.

[478] Albert B. Paine, Life of Thomas Nast, p. 143.

[479] John Bigelow, Life of Tilden, Vol. 2, p. 185.

[480] The Nation, May 27, 1869.

[481] The Nation, September 29, 1870.

[482] Ibid.

[483] Ibid., October 6.

The following officials were nominated by acclamation: Governor, John T. Hoffman; Lieutenant-Governor, Allen C. Beach; Comptroller, Asher P. Nichols; Canal Commissioners, John D. Fay and George W. Chapman; Prison Inspector, Solomon E. Scheu.

[484] The Nation, September 29.

[485] Charles E. Fitch, formerly editor of the Rochester Democrat-Chronicle.

[486] Harper's Weekly, June 24, 1871.

[487] Conkling's speech, New York Times, July 24, 1872.

[488] William M. Stewart, Reminiscences, p. 255.

[489] June 17, 1870.

[490] September 19, 1871.

[491] New York Times, July 24, 1872.

[492] Stewart, Reminiscences, pp. 255-256.

[493] Under the provisions of the new judiciary article of the Constitution a chief justice and six associate justices of the Court of Appeals were elected on May 17, 1870, each party being allowed to put up only four candidates for associate justices. To complete their ticket the Democrats selected Folger and Andrews, two of the four Republican candidates. The election resulted in the choice of the Democratic ticket.

[494] New York Times, July 12, 1870.

[495] Stewart, Reminiscences, pp. 256-7.

"In early life Fenton, having undertaken to carry $12,000 to Albany, reported the money lost. He was arrested and discharged after much testimony was taken. Whether accused justly or unjustly (most persons thought unjustly) it blurred his career. Conkling had a copy of the proceedings before the criminal court."—Ibid. See also The Nation, July 14, 1870.

[496] A.R. Conkling, Life of Roscoe Conkling, p. 328. New York World, September 8, 1870.

[497] The Nation, September 15, 1870.

[498] "During the vote the delegates commenced a system of cheering, first for Conkling, then for Fenton. Senator Conkling was very conspicuous throughout the balloting. His friends gathered around him, while the other side surrounded Fenton, and whenever either moved their friends cheered.... Had there been a secret ballot Fenton would have won in spite of the threats and bribes."—New York World, September 8, 1870.

[499] New York Tribune, August 27, 1870.

[500] Ibid., September 8.

[501] Edward Cary, Life of George William Curtis, p. 230.

[502] Three ballots were cast as follows:

Woodford	153	170½	258
Greeley	143	139	105½
Curtis	104½	87½	20
Total	390½	397	383½

The following ticket was nominated: Governor, Stewart L. Woodford, Kings; Lieutenant-Governor, Sigmund Kaufman, Kings; Comptroller, Abiah W. Palmer, Dutchess; Canal Commissioners, Absalom Nelson, Erie; Alexander Barkley, Washington; Prison Inspector, John Parkhurst, Clinton.

[503] September 10 and 14, 1870.

[504] From speech of July 23, 1872, New York Times, July 24, 1872.

[505] New York Tribune, September 13, 1870.

[506] A.R. Conkling, Life of Roscoe Conkling, p. 329.

[507] "Governor Fenton and his friends were lukewarm throughout the campaign, the Governor absenting himself from the State much of the time. Late in October he returned from the Western States, and on the 31st, five days before election, he made a speech." From Conkling's speech of July 22, 1872. New York Times, July 24.

[508] New York Times, November 7, 1870.

[509] Harper's Weekly, November 5, 1870.

[510] Harper's Weekly, October 29, 1870.

[511] Appleton's Cyclopædia, 1870, pp. 543, 544; Frank J. Goodnow in Bryce's American Commonwealth, Vol. 1, p. 342.

[512] New York World, March 29, 1870.

[513] Ibid., June 13, 1871.

[514] Ibid., Oct. 28, 1870.

[515] Hoffman over Woodford, 33,096. James S. Graham, Labor Reform candidate, received 1,907 votes, and Myron H. Clark, Temperance candidate, 1,459 votes. Assembly, 65 Democrats to 63 Republicans; Senate, 17 Democrats to 14 Republicans. Hall's majority, 23,811. Hoffman's majority in New York City, 52,037, being 16,000 less than in 1868. Appleton's Cyclopædia, 1870, p. 547.

[516] Myers, History of Tammany, p. 276.

[517] Myers, History of Tammany, p. 276.

[518] Without provocation James Irving of New York assaulted Smith M. Weed of Clinton.

[519] New York Tribune, April 14, 1871.

[520] "Winans was unfortunate in his bargain, for after rendering the service agreed upon Tweed gave him only one-tenth of the sum promised." Myers' History of Tammany Hall, p. 277. It might be added that Winans' wife left him, and that the contempt of his neighbours drove him from home. A rumour that he subsequently committed suicide remains unverified.

[521] Paine, Life of Nast, p. 153.

[522] Ibid., p. 182.

[523] Paine, Life of Nast, p. 145.

[524] February 24, 1871.

[525] Harper's Weekly, February 22, 1890; Paine, Life of Nast, p. 170.

[526] New York Times, July 21, 1871.

[527] Subsequently the charred remains of these accounts were discovered in an ash-heap in the City Hall attic. Myers, History of Tammany Hall, p. 387.

[528] Hall was indicted and tried, but the jury disagreed. The second grand jury did not indict.

[529] Sweeny afterwards compromised for $400,000 and returned to New York. Connolly, who was reported to have taken away $6,000,000, died abroad.

[530] Myers, History of Tammany Hall, pp. 297-298; New York Herald, January 13, 1901.

[531] New York Tribune, November 10, 1870.

[532] Ibid., April 4, 1871.

[533] "Mr. Murphy's 'weeding out' process is exactly the one which the devil would use if he were appointed collector of this port, and that he would perform it on exactly the same principles and with the same objects and results as Mr. Murphy performs it, we challenge any one to deny who is familiar with the devil's character and habits and Mr. Murphy's late doings."—The Nation, January 19, 1871.

"No collector was ever more destitute of fit qualifications for the office." He made "three hundred and thirty-eight removals every five days during the eighteen months" he held office. Report of D.B. Eaton, chairman of the Civil Service Commission, p. 23.

[534] Stephen Fiske, Off-Hand Portraits, p. 58.

[535] "Mr. Conkling had already had much to do with the appointment of this committee, but it is worthy of note that several changes in the federal offices were made almost simultaneously with the vote of the committee for Mr. Murphy's reorganisation, and that the men who voted for it got the best places. Addison H. Laflin was made naval officer, Lockwood L. Doty was made pension agent, Richard Crowley was made United States attorney for the Northern District. It will be seen that the committee were not disinterested in trying to please Conkling and Murphy."—New York Evening Post, September 29, 1871.

[536] New York Times, March 11, 1871.

[537] New York Tribune, March 3 and May 2, 1871.

[538] New York Times, January 26.

[539] New York Tribune, September 8.

[540] New York Times, February 3.

[541] New York Times, Feb. 3, 1871.

[542] Ibid., Jan. 7, 12, 25.

[543] Ibid., Jan. 25.

[544] New York Tribune, September 15, 1871.

[545] The Nation, May 9, 1872.

[546] New York Tribune, September 4, 1871.

[547] New York Times, April 7, 1871.

[548] Ibid.

[549] New York Tribune, May 6, September 15, 1871.

[550] New York Tribune (editorials), May 19, 20, 25, 1871.

[551] White, Autobiography, Vol. 1, p. 164.

[552] New York Tribune, September 28, 1871.

[553] "In particular they [the Fenton men] felt sure of one vote not received from Allegany County, two from Broome, three from Columbia, two from Cortlandt, three from Dutchess, three from Jefferson, one from Ontario, three from Washington, and three from Wayne."—Ibid.

"Mr. Murphy's office-holders were numerous and active, and turned the whole organisation into an instrument for the service of his [Conkling's] personal ambition. When the State convention was to meet, Mr. Conkling and Mr. Murphy were among the first at Syracuse. It was remarked that while they worked hard, they took no thought of the reform movement. Their sole object was to control the convention. The confidence which the delegates placed in them was astonishing, but more astonishing still was the manner in which Andrew D. White lent himself to this faction and did its work."—New York Evening Post, September 29, 1871.

[554] "Mr. White personally sought the votes of Fenton members for the temporary chairmanship on the pledge that he would so act as to promote harmony."—New York Tribune, October 21, 1871.

[555] "I received the list of the convention committees from the State committee with express assurance that the list represented fairly the two wings of the party. I had no reason then, and have no reason now, to believe that the State committee abused my confidence."—White, Autobiography, Vol. 1, p. 166.

[556] New York Tribune, September 29, 1871.

[557] New York Tribune, September 28, 1871.

[558] "Such a speech, in its terms, its forcible eloquence, its overwhelming results, was perhaps never heard in a similar assemblage. Many of Senator Conkling's friends insist that this was one of his most remarkable speeches."—Alfred R. Conkling, Life of Roscoe Conkling, p. 341.

[559] Syracuse Standard, New York Times, September 28, 1871.

[560] "Just as the whole convention had agreed upon the compromise, Conkling arose and ordered his office-holders to reject it."—New York Evening Post, September 29.

[561] New York Tribune, June 1, 1871.

[562] New York Tribune, September 29, 1871.

[563] The State ticket was as follows: Secretary of State, G. Hilton Scribner, Westchester; Comptroller, Nelson K. Hopkins, Erie; Treasurer, Thomas Raines, Monroe; Attorney-General, Francis C. Barlow, New York; Engineer, William B. Taylor, Oneida; Canal Commissioner, Alexander Barkley, Washington; Prison Inspector, Thomas Kirkpatrick, Cayuga.

[564] New York Tribune, September 29, 1871.

[565] Ibid.

[566] Paine, Life of Nast, p. 194.

[567] This remark was addressed to Henry Richmond, whose father, Dean Richmond, died in Tilden's home in Gramercy Park. Richmond succeeded his father as State committeeman.

[568] Tilden's letter to the Democracy, dated September 11, 1871.—New York Tribune, September 22, 1871.

[569] Tilden's interview.—Ibid., Sept 23.

[570] Tilden's letter, Ibid., Sept. 22.

[571] Tilden's Speech.—New York Times, November 3, 1871.

[572] Tweed's Speech.—Ibid.

[573] The German Democratic General Committee, with 30,000 votes; the Democratic Union, with 27,000; the Ledwith party, with 10,000; and the Young Democracy, led by ex-Sheriff O'Brien. For five years Mozart Hall, under Fernando Wood, had not placed a ticket in the field.

[574] Interview, New York Tribune, September 23, 1871.

[575] "Governor Seymour was given to understand that he could not be president of the convention unless he would forego his philippic against the Tammany thieves. This he declined to do."—New York Times (editorial), October 9, 1871.

[576] New York Tribune, October 6, 1871.

[577] New York Tribune, October 6, 1871.

[578] Except the candidate for Secretary of State, the old Tweed ticket was renominated as follows: Secretary of State, Diedrich Willers, Seneca; Comptroller, Asher P. Nichols, Erie; Treasurer, Wheeler H. Bristol, Tioga; Attorney-General, Marshall B. Champlain, Allegany; Engineer, Van R. Richmond, Wayne; Canal Commissioner, George W. Chapman; Prison Inspector, David B. McNeil, Cayuga.

[579] Harper's Weekly, November 4, 1871.

[580] Paine, Life of Nast, p. 179.

[581] Scribner, 387,107; Willers, 368,204. Legislature: Senate, 24 Republicans, 8 Democrats. Assembly, 97 Republicans, 31 Democrats.—New York Tribune, November 27, 1871.

Compared with the returns for 1870, the Democratic vote, outside of New York and the six counties in its immediate vicinity, fell off 24,167, while the Republican vote fell off 9,235. In New York and adjoining counties the Republican vote increased 30,338.—Ibid.

In New York City the majority for the Democratic candidate for secretary of state was 29,189, while the majority for the Republican or Union Reform candidate for register was 28,117.—Ibid.

[582] New York Tribune, September 5, 1872.

[583] Congressional Globe, January 30, 1872, p. 699.

[584] Pierce, Life of Sumner, Vol. 4, p. 477.

[585] New York Tribune, April 13, 1872.

[586] George F. Hoar, Autobiography, Vol. 1, p. 306; Vol. 2, p. 77.

[587] New York Tribune, April 13, 1872.

[588] Cary, Life of Curtis, p. 213.

[589] Letters of, Vol. 2, p. 57.

"There was undoubtedly great corruption and maladministration in the country in the time of President Grant. Selfish men and ambitious men got the ear of that simple man and confiding President. They studied Grant, some of them, as the shoemaker measures the foot of his customer."—Hoar, Autobiography, Vol. 1, p. 197.

[590] Springfield (Mass.) Republican, November 12, 1870.

[591] New York Tribune, May 31, 1870; February 27, 1871; May 1, 1872.

[592] Ibid., April 25, 1872.

[593] Ibid.

[594] Ibid.

[595] Ibid., March 30, 1872.

[596] New York Tribune, April 14, 1872.

[597] Dudley Foulke, Life of Morton, Vol. 2, p. 255.

[598] New York Tribune, June 13, 1871.

[599] Paine, Life of Nast, p. 162.

[600] Ibid., p. 223.

[601] New York Tribune, May 30, 1871.

[602] New York Post, May 2, 1872.

[603] New York Times, May 3.

[604] New York Evening Post, May 2, 1872.

[605] Ibid.

[606] New York Evening Post, May 4, 1872.

[607] Southern States, 104; Middle, 96; New England, 15; Western, 19; Pacific, 24.

[608]

Whole number of votes	714
Necessary to a choice	358

	First	Second	Third	Fourth	Fifth	Sixth
Adams	203	243	264	279	309	187
Greeley	147	245	258	251	258	482
Trumbull	110	148	156	141	91	10
Davis	92½	75	44	51	30	6
Brown	95	2	2	2
Curtin	62
Chase	2½	1			2	29

[609] Merriam, Life of Bowles, Vol. 2, p. 210.

[610] New York Evening Post, May 4, 1872.

[611] Warden, Life of Chase, p. 732.

[612] Appleton's Cyclopædia, 1872, p. 779.

[613] July 9, 1872.

[614] New York Tribune, November 1, 1871. Cox's election to Congress from New York occurred in 1870, three years after he became a resident of the State.

[615] Myers, History of Tammany, pp. 301, 305.

[616] Ibid., pp. 261 and note, 300 and 301.

[617] "About the same time, and in adjoining city districts, two bosses entered upon public life. While Tweed was learning to make chairs, Kelly was being taught grate-setting. While Tweed was amusing himself as a runner with a fire engine, Kelly was captain of the Carroll Target Guard. Tweed led fire laddies and Kelly dragged about target-shooters upon the eve of elections. Both entered the Board of Aldermen about the same time. About the same time, too, they went to Congress. Within a few years of each other's candidacy they ran for sheriff. Tweed was defeated. Kelly was elected. While Kelly was making bills as sheriff, Tweed was auditing them in the Board of Supervisors. Tweed became the Tammany boss, and Kelly succeeded him. Tweed fell a victim to his greed, Kelly escaped by the Statute of Limitations."—New York Times, October 30, 1875.

[618] Of the 46 opposition votes, James A. Bayard received 6 from Delaware and 9 from New Jersey; Jeremiah S. Black 21 from Pennsylvania; William S. Groesbeck 2 from Ohio. There were 8 blanks.

[619] New York Tribune, July 11, 1872.

[620] July 11.

[621] Century Dictionary.

[622] Wilson received 364½ votes to 321½ for Colfax of Indiana, who had declared his intention to retire from public life. When, later, he changed his mind, Wilson possessed the advantage.

[623] New York Tribune, February 15, 1872.

[624] Ibid., April 11.

[625] For narration of this coup de main, see Morgan Dix, Life of John A. Dix, Vol. 2, pp. 163-167.

[626] The Century, March, 1885, p. 734.

[627] August 21, 1872; New York Tribune, August 22.

"Senator Robertson failed to be governor only from lack of boldness."—Ibid., May 8, 1880.

[628] Henry Clews, Fifty Years in Wall Street, pp. 307-309; New York Herald, August 22.

[629] Bigelow's Life of Tilden, Vol. 1, p. 228.

[630] Ibid., p. 232.

[631] Barnes' Life of Weed, Vol. 2, p. 485.

[632] The ticket was as follows: Governor, John A. Dix of New York; Lieutenant-Governor, John C. Robinson of Broome; Canal Commissioner, Reuben W. Stroud of Onondaga; Prison Inspector, Ezra Graves of Herkimer; Congressman-at-large, Lyman Tremaine of Albany; Thurlow Weed declined to head the electoral ticket, but suggested the name of Frederick Douglass, who was nominated by acclamation.—Barnes, Life of Weed, Vol. 2, p. 486.

[633] New York Tribune, September 6.

[634] New York Tribune, August 23, 1872; New York World, September 10, 1874; Times, September 11.

[635] Among them were Augustus Schell of New York, Francis Kernan of Oneida, Allen C. Beach of Jefferson, then lieutenant-governor, Homer A. Nelson of Dutchess, formerly secretary of state, and Lucius Robinson of Chemung, the distinguished comptroller.

[636] September 6, 1872.

[637] Bigelow, Life of Tilden, Vol. 1, p. 226.

[638] The first ballot resulted as follows: Kernan, 42½; Beach, 32; Schell, 24½; Nelson, 10; Church, 11; Robinson, 6; necessary to a choice, 64.

The ticket nominated by the two conventions was as follows: Governor, Francis Kernan of Oneida, Democrat; Lieutenant-Governor, Chauncey M. Depew of Westchester, Liberal; Canal Commissioner, John Hubbard of Chenango, Democrat; Prison Inspector, Enos C. Brooks of Cattaraugus, Liberal; 1 Congressman-at-large, Samuel S. Cox of New York, Democrat.

[639] New York Tribune, September 6, 1872.

[640] Attorney-General Champlain had publicly announced his purpose to authorise O'Conor to bring such suits before the Committee of Seventy had had its interview with the Governor.—Tilden's Public Writings and Speeches, Vol. 1, p. 590.

[641] James F. Rhodes, History of the United States, Vol. 6, p. 401, note.

[642] Elected in 1844 and 1847. Declined a renomination in 1849.

[643] New York Tribune, September 5, 1872.

[644] Ibid., May 22, 1872.

[645] Twenty Years in Congress, Vol. 2, p. 534.

[646] "We asked our contemporary [World] to state frankly whether the pugilists, blacklegs, thieves, burglars, keepers of dens of prostitution, etc., etc., who make up so large a share of our city's inhabitants, were not almost unanimously Democrats."—Tribune, January 4, 1868.

"So every one who chooses to live by pugilism, or gambling, or harlotry, with nearly every keeper of a tippling house, is politically a Democrat.... A purely selfish interest attaches the lewd, ruffianly, criminal and dangerous class to the Democratic party by the instinct of self-preservation."—Ibid., January 7. Conkling quoted these extracts in his Cooper Institute speech of July 23.—New York Times, July 24, 1872.

[647] New York Tribune, Syracuse Herald, and Watertown Times.

[648] New York Tribune, August 22.

[649] New York Times, July 24. "The longest and greatest campaign speech of his life."—Alfred R. Conkling, Life of Conkling, p. 436.

[650] Hollister's Life of Colfax, p. 387, note.

[651] The same article enumerates some of the charges published against him: "In Washington he was a briber. In Albany he was the head of the lobby. In New York he was a partner in the Ring frauds. He defended the rascalities of Tweed. He sold the influence of his paper to Tammany Hall. He intrigued to restore the thieves to power. He was involved in schemes for robbing the national treasury. He was plotting the payment of the Confederate debt. He had promised pensions to Rebel soldiers. He was an original Secessionist. He was once a slave-trader in Memphis. He was the friend of the Ku-Klux and ballot-box stuffers.... Dix blamed him for expressing ten or twelve years ago sentiments identical with those of Dix himself."—New York Tribune, November 22, 1872.

[652] Messages and Papers of the Presidents, Richardson, Vol. 7, p. 223.

[653] After the North Carolina election would-be Liberals rejoined the Republican party in great numbers.

[654] Grant, 440,759; Greeley, 387,279; majority, 53,480. Dix, 447,801; Kernan, 392,350; majority, 55,451. Robinson, 442,297; Depew, 397,754; majority, 44,543. Tremaine, 438,456; Cox, 400,697; majority, 37,759.

[655] Havermeyer, 53,806; Lawrence, 45,398; O'Brien, 31,121.

[656] Seymour (1868), 429,883. Greeley (1872), 387,279. Kernan (1872), 392,350. Cox (1872), 400,697.

[657] George W. Julian, Political Recollections, p. 348.

[658] He died November 29, 1872.

[659] "In the darkest hour my suffering wife left me, none too soon for she had suffered too deeply and too long. I laid her in the ground with hard dry eyes. Well, I am used up. I cannot see before me. I have slept little for weeks and my eyes are still hard to close, while they soon open again." Letter to his friend, Mason W. Tappan of New Hampshire.—Hollister's Life of Colfax, p. 387, note.

[660] New York Tribune, December 5, 1872.

[661] Cornell resigned as surveyor of the port and was elected to the Assembly.

[662] The Democrats voted for Charles Wheaton of Dutchess, distinguished locally as a county judge.

[663] Alfred R. Conkling, Life of Conkling, p. 451.

[664] Report of Civil Service Commission, 1871, p. 18.

[665] Conkling, Life of Conkling, p. 656.

[666] "He who does a thing by the agency of another, does it himself."

[667] The Nation, December 4, 1873.

[668] Bigelow, Life of Tilden, Vol. 1, p. 245.

[669] This letter, dated September 14, 1874, is published in nearly all the State papers of September 18. It is given in full in the New York Herald and Times.

Sanford E. Church, in a published interview, charged that the story of his connection with the ring originated with Barlow.—New York Tribune, April 2, 1875.

[670] The ticket presented was as follows: Secretary of State, Francis S. Thayer, Rensselaer; Comptroller, Nelson K. Hopkins, Erie; Treasurer, Daniel G. Fort, Oswego; Attorney-General, Benj. D. Silliman, Kings; Canal Commissioner, Sidney Mead, Cayuga; State Engineer, William B. Taylor, Oneida; Prison Inspector, Moss K. Platt, Essex.

[671] The following ticket was nominated: Secretary of State, Diedrich Willers, Seneca; Comptroller, Asher P. Nichols, Erie; Treasurer, Thomas Raines, Monroe; Attorney-General, Daniel Pratt, Onondaga; Canal Commissioner, James Jackson, Niagara; State Engineer, Sylvanus H. Sweet, Albany; Prison Inspector, George W. Mellspaugh, Orange.

[672] James Brooks was the only New York congressman implicated. The committee, finding him guilty of corruption as a member of the House and as a government director of the Union Pacific Railroad, recommended his expulsion, but on February 27, 1873, the House, by a vote of 174 to 32 (34 not voting) changed the sentence to one of censure. Brooks died on April 30 following.

[673] Harper's Weekly, September 10, 1874.

[674] July 24.

[675] September 18.

[676] New York Herald, September 7, 1874. See also Buffalo Courier, September 14.

[677] Bigelow, Life of Tilden, Vol. 1, pp. 221-222.

[678] For copy of this statement see New York World, September 10, 1874.

[679] Buffalo Courier, September 11; New York Herald, September 9.

[680] New York World, September 10, 1874.

[681] Bigelow, Life of Tilden, Vol. 1, p. 226. See also the Nation, September 10, 1874.

[682] September 11. Reprinted from the Rochester Union of September 4.

[683] September 16 and 17, at Syracuse.

[684] New York World, September 17.

[685] Tilden, 252; Parker, 126; Robinson, 6.

[686] William Dorsheimer, 193; Weed, 155; Stephen T. Hoyt of Allegany (Liberal), 34; Edward F. Jones of Broome (Liberal), 15.

[687] He was appointed U.S. Attorney for the Northern District of New York on March 28, 1867. His successor's commission was dated March 23, 1871.—State Department Records.

The ticket nominated was as follows: Governor, Samuel J. Tilden, New York; Lieutenant-Governor, William Dorsheimer, Erie; Court of Appeals, Theodore Miller, Columbia; Canal Commissioner, Adin Thayer, Rensselaer; Prison Inspector, George Wagner, Yates.

[688] "Wickham has no conception beyond making a pleasant thing for himself and our friends out of the seat which he occupies." Letter of Charles O'Conor.—Bigelow, Life of Tilden, Vol. 1, p. 245.

[689] Myers, History of Tammany Hall, p. 307.

[690] The convention met at Utica on September 23. The ticket was as follows: Governor, John A. Dix, New York; Lieutenant-Governor, John C. Robinson, Broome; Court of Appeals, Alexander S. Johnson, Oneida; Canal Commissioner, Reuben W. Stroud, Onondaga; Prison Inspector, Ezra Graves, Herkimer.

[691] On June 23 the friends of total abstinence, resenting Dix's veto of a local option measure passed by the Legislature of 1873, assembled at Auburn, approved the organisation of a Prohibition party, and nominated a State ticket with Myron H. Clark for governor. About 350 delegates from twenty-five counties were present.

[692] Bigelow, Life of Tilden, Vol. 1, p. 233.

[693] Morgan A. Dix, Life of Dix, Vol. 2, pp. 128, 149.

[694] Morgan A. Dix, Life of Dix, Vol. 2, pp. 195-196.

[695] October 30, 1874.

[696] New York Herald, July 7, 1873.

[697] The Nation, October 29, 1874.

[698] April 16, 1874.

[699] Until then Croker had been an attaché of Connolly's office.

[700] "No law authorised Kelly to include convictions in the Police Courts, yet he did include them, thereby robbing the city of over thirty thousand dollars. He charged, at one time, double the rates for conveying prisoners to and from the Island; at another, 133 per cent. more. He charged for 11,000 vagrants committed to the work-house, a clear fraud upon the treasury."—New York Times, October 20, 1875.

[701] New York papers of September 18, 1874.

[702] New York World, September 10, 1874.

[703] In 1872 Dix had 55,451.

[704] Tilden, 416,391; Dix, 366,074; Clark, 11,768; Dorsheimer, 416,714; Robinson, 365,226; Bagg, 11,310.

New York City: Tilden, 87,623; Dix, 44,871; Clark, 160; Wickham, 70,071; Wales, 36,953; Ottendorfer, 24,226. Legislature: Assembly, Democrats, 75; Republicans, 53. Senate, Democrats, 12; Republicans, 18; Independents, 2. The Senators were elected in 1873.

[705] New York Times, November 4, 1874.

Eleven amendments to the Constitution were ratified at this election. Those relating to political matters required thirty days' residence in an election district; abolished property qualification, thus removing all distinction between white and coloured voters; fixed the pay of legislators at $1500 per year, without limiting the length of a session; changed the terms of governor and lieutenant-governor from two to three years, with salaries of $10,000 and $5,000, respectively; required two-thirds of all the members elected to each house to override the governor's veto; authorised the veto of individual items in an appropriation act; and prohibited extra compensation being paid to a canal contractor.

[706] The Republicans voted for ex-Governor Edwin D. Morgan, the vote standing: Kernan, 87; Morgan, 68; Hoffman, 1.

[707] Bigelow, Life of Tilden, Vol. 1, p. 285.

[708] The Governor plainly illustrated this device. The engineer having estimated the amount of work and materials, the bidders added their prices.

A bid as follows:

100 cubic yards of vertical wall, at $3	$	300.00
3,855 cubic yards of slope wall, at $1.50		5,782.50
2,400 feet B.M. white oak, at $50		120.00
60,000 feet B.M. hemlock, at $15		900.00
Total estimate of A	$	7,102.50

B bid as follows:

100 cubic yards of vertical wall, at $6	$	600.00
3,855 cubic yards of slope wall, at 30 cents		1,156.50
2,400 feet B.M. white oak, at $70		168.00
60,000 feet B.M. hemlock, at $3		180.00
Total estimate of B	$	2,104.50

B was given the contract as the lowest bidder, after which the work was changed as follows:

3,955 cubic yards of vertical wall, at $6	$	23,730.00
62,400 feet B.M. white oak, at $70		4,368.00
Actually paid B by the State	$	28,098.00

On ten of these contracts, originally amounting to $424,735.90 the State paid $1,560,769.84.—Tilden's Public Writings and Speeches, Vol. 2, pp. 106-108.

[709] This commission was composed of John Bigelow, Daniel Magone of Ogdensburg, Alexander E. Orr of Brooklyn, and John D. Van Buren of New York.

[710] Indictments were found against the son of a State senator, a member of the board of canal appraisers, an ex-canal commissioner, two ex-superintendents of canals and one division engineer, besides numerous subordinates and contractors.—See Bigelow's Life of Tilden, pp. 262-263; for names of the parties, see Appleton's Cyclopædia, 1875, p. 558.

[711] Bigelow, Life of Tilden, Vol. 2, p. 263.

[712] Harper's Weekly, August 28, 1875.

[713] Held at Saratoga on September 8, 1875.

[714] Appleton's Cyclopædia, 1875, p. 560.

[715] The ticket was as follows: Secretary of State, Frederick W. Seward, New York; Comptroller, Francis E. Spinner, Herkimer; Treasurer, Edwin A. Merritt, St. Lawrence; Attorney-General, George F. Danforth, Monroe; Engineer, Oliver H.P. Cornell, Tompkins; Canal Commissioner, William F. Tinsley, Wayne; Prison Inspector, Benoni J. Ives, Cayuga.

[716] After James Hayes' defeat for register in 1874, Kelly deprived Morrissey of his district leadership because he stirred up disaffection among the working men and sowed seeds of disloyalty. In their contest the Morrissey and Kelly factions were known as "Swallow-tails" and "Short-hairs," Morrissey, to rebuke Wickham's custom of requiring cards of callers in advance of admission to his office, having called upon the Mayor during business hours in evening dress, with white kids and patent-leather pumps.

[717] The ticket was as follows: Secretary of State, John Bigelow, Ulster; Comptroller, Lucius Robinson, Chemung; Attorney-General, Charles S. Fairchild, New York; Treasurer, Charles N. Ross, Cayuga; Engineer, John D. Van Buren, New York; Canal Commissioner, Christopher A. Walruth, Oneida; Prison Inspector, Rodney R. Crowley, Cattaraugus.

On September 22 the Liberals met at Albany. They eulogised Tilden by name, favored the Greeley doctrine of a single term for President, arraigned the Federal administration, and recommended the support of candidates who would coöperate with the Executive in his work of reform.

For governor the Prohibitionists nominated George H. Dusenberre.

[718] Address at Utica Fair, September 30, 1875.—Tilden's Public Writings and Speeches, Vol. 2, pp. 229-233.

[719] In the summer of 1875 he made a brief visit to Europe.—Conkling, Life of Conkling, p. 490.

[720] See Rhodes' History of the United States, Vol. 7, pp. 104-127. Also, Tilden's message to the Legislature, January 12, 1875, Public Writings and Speeches, Vol. 2, pp. 75-84.

[721] Godwin, Life of Bryant, p. 357. This meeting was held January 11.

[722] New York Sun, February 17.

[723] Appleton's Cyclopædia, 1875, p. 743.

[724] See remarks of Forster of Westchester, a delegate to the Republican State convention of March 22, 1876.—New York Tribune, March 23, 1876.

[725] The Nation, October 28.

[726] Bigelow, 390,211; Seward, 375,401. Robinson, 389,699; Spinner, 376,150. Legislature: Senate: 20 Republicans, 12 Democrats. Assembly: 71 Republicans, 57 Democrats. Morrissey's majority, 3,377. Dusenberre, Prohibitionist, total vote, 11,103.—Appleton's Cyclopædia, 1875, p. 564.

Bigelow's majority in New York City was 17,013.—New York World, November 7, 1875.

[727] New York Tribune, March 23, 1876.

[728] New York Tribune, June 15, 1876.

[729] Official Proceedings of National Republican Conventions, p. 292.

[730] New York Commercial Advertiser, September 28, 1877.

[731] Conkling's votes came from the following States: California, 1; Florida, 3; Georgia, 8; Michigan, 1; Mississippi, 1; Missouri, 1; Nevada, 2; New York, 69; North Carolina, 7; Texas, 3; Virginia, 3. Total, 99. George William Curtis refused to vote for Conkling.

Seven ballots were taken, as follows:

Blaine	285	296	293	286	308	351
Bristow	113	114	121	126	111	21
Morton	124	120	113	108	85
Conkling	99	93	90	84	81
Hayes	61	64	67	68	113	384
Hartranft	58	63	68	71	50
Jewell	11
Wheeler	3	3	2	2	2	2

On the final ballot the following New York delegates voted for Blaine: William H. Robertson, Westchester; James W. Husted, Westchester; Jacob Worth, Kings; John H. Ketcham, Dutchess; Jacob W. Haysradt, Columbia; James M. Marvin, Saratoga; Stephen Sanford, Montgomery; Amos V. Smiley, Lewis, and James C. Feeter, Herkimer.

[732] John Russell Young, Around the World with General Grant, Vol. 2, p. 275.

[733] New York Herald, June 17, 1876.

[734] Hoar, Autobiography, Vol. 1, p. 244.

[735] Wheeler's name was presented by Luke P. Poland of Vermont, and seconded by S.H. Russell of Texas, and Henry R. James of New York (Ogdensburg). Thomas C. Platt presented Woodford.

"Wheeler very much disliked Roscoe Conkling and all his ways. Conkling once said to him: 'If you will join us and act with us, there is nothing in the gift of the State of New York to which you may not reasonably aspire.' To which Wheeler replied: 'Mr. Conkling, there is nothing in the gift of the State which will compensate me for the forfeiture of my own self-respect.'"—Hoar, Autobiography, Vol. 1, p. 243.

[736] "It was not to the credit of the New York delegation that Wheeler was obliged to look to other States for his presentation and support."—Utica Herald, June 17.

[737] With fifteen States and Territories to be called, the vote stood as follows: Wheeler, 366; all others, 245.

[738] The Republican State convention met at Saratoga on August 23.

[739] Although many prominent Republicans who voted for Greeley in 1872 had previously renewed their allegiance, the Liberals as an organisation did not formally coalesce with the Republican party until August 23, 1876. On that day about 200 delegates, headed by John Cochrane and Benjamin F. Manierre, met in convention at Saratoga, and after accepting Hayes and Wheeler as the exponents of their reform principles, were invited amidst loud applause to seats in the Republican State convention.

[740] Whole number of votes cast, 410. Necessary to a choice, 206. Morgan received 242; Evarts, 126; Robertson, 24; Martin, 1; Townsend, 18.

[741] New York Tribune, August 24.

[742] The ballot resulted: Rogers, 240; Pomeroy, 178. Necessary to a choice, 210.

The ticket was as follows: Governor, Edwin D. Morgan, New York; Lieutenant-Governor, Sherman S. Rogers, Erie; Court of Appeals, George F. Danforth, Monroe; Canal Commissioner, Daniel C. Spencer, Livingston; Prison Inspector, Charles W. Trowbridge, Kings.

[743] Tilden's policy of pardoning members of the Tweed ring had become intolerable. "On an average about nine out of ten men who were confessedly guilty of stealing were accepted as witnesses against the other one man, until the time came when there was but one man against whom any testimony could be used, and it was not considered wise to try him. It was a shameful condition of affairs."—John D. Townsend, New York in Bondage, p. 141.

[744] Tilden's Public Writings and Speeches, Vol. 2, pp. 237-295.

[745] The Democratic State convention was held at Utica, April 26, 1876.

[746] "It is natural enough that the canal ring and its followers, Tammany and its adherents, and that sort of Democrats who are commonly called Bourbons, should labour to defeat the nomination for high office of the man who represents everything that they oppose, and opposes everything that they represent; but it will be a most discouraging thing to every person who hopes for good at the hands of the Democratic party if such opposition is permitted to prevail in its councils. He has put his principles in practice in the most fearless and resolute manner, and has made himself especially obnoxious to his opponents as their hostility to him clearly shows."—New York Evening Post (editorial by William Cullen Bryant), May 26, 1876.

[747] New York Tribune, June 17.

[748] New York Evening Express, June 23, 1876.

[749] The National Democratic convention assembled on June 27 and 28.

[750] Bigelow, Life of Tilden, Vol. 1, p. 308.

[751] Francis Kernan presented Tilden's name very effectively.

[752] First ballot. Necessary two-thirds, 492. Samuel J. Tilden of New York, 404½; Thomas A. Hendricks of Indiana, 133½; Winfield Scott Hancock of Pennsylvania, 75; William Allen of Ohio, 56; Thomas F. Bayard of Delaware, 27; Joel Parker of New Jersey, 18.

Second ballot: Tilden, 535; Hendricks, 60; Hancock, 59; Allen, 54; Bayard, 11; Parker, 18; Thurman of Ohio, 2.

[753] This act terminates as follows: "And the United States also solemnly pledges its faith to make provision at the earliest practicable period for the redemption of the United States notes in coin."

[754] "Tilden's letter was a disappointment to those who had studied his words and acts as Governor."—Rhodes, History of the United States, Vol. 7, p. 216.

[755] Appleton's Cyclopædia, 1876, p. 790.

[756] "The public interest in an honest, skilful performance of official trust must not be sacrificed to the usufruct of the incumbents."—Appleton's Cyclopædia, 1876, p. 790.

[757] Ibid., p. 783.

[758] The Democratic State convention convened on August 30.

[759] Utica Herald, August 31, 1876.

[760] For Seymour's letter, see New York papers of September 5.

[761] The ballot stood: Potter, 106½; Robinson, 192½; scattering, 59. Necessary to a choice, 191. Before its announcement changes gave Robinson 243½.

The ticket was as follows: Governor, Lucius Robinson, Chemung; Lieutenant-Governor, William Dorsheimer, Erie; Court of Appeals, Robert Earl, Herkimer; Canal Commissioner, Darius A. Ogden, Yates; Prison Inspector, Robert H. Anderson, Kings.

[762] On March 15, several disaffected Democrats met at Syracuse and organised a Greenback party, which opposed the resumption of specie payment and favoured legal tender notes as the standard of value. A second convention, held in New York City on June 1, selected four delegates-at-large to the Democratic national convention, and a third, meeting at Albany on September 26, nominated Richard M. Griffin for governor. Other State nominations were made by the Prohibitionists, Albert J. Groo being selected for governor.

[763] Appleton's Cyclopædia, 1876, pp. 785, 786.

[764] Delivered at Utica, October 3. See New York papers, October 4.

[765] It was claimed that in 1862 Tilden had a net income of $89,000. He made oath to $7,118, and afterward acknowledged receiving $20,000 in the Terre Haute Railroad case. He alleged that this covered the work of several years. Moreover, that his income-producing property was largely in railroad stocks, bonds, and other securities on which the tax was deducted by the companies before the interest and dividends were paid.—Bigelow, Life of Tilden, Vol. 2, p. 232; see also, Nation, September 22, 1876.

[766] Harper's Weekly, 1876, pp. 828, 885, 906, 907.

[767] "The amount of the State tax for 1876 was $8,529,174.32, against $14,206,680.61 in 1875, and $15,727,482.08 in 1874." Appleton's Cyclopædia, 1876, p. 598.

[768] Tilden, plurality, 32,742; Robinson, 30,460. Groo, total vote, 3,412 (Prohibitionist); Griffin, 1,436 (Greenback). Congress, 17 Republicans, 16 Democrats. Assembly, 71 Republicans, 57 Democrats. Ely's majority for mayor of New York City, 53,517. Tilden's majority in New York City, 53,682.

Republican losses occurred chiefly in the Hudson River and western counties. Elbridge G. Spaulding of Buffalo, and Levi P. Morton of New York, were defeated for Congress.

[769] Manton Marble visited Florida. On November 22, under the sobriquet "Moses," he telegraphed in cipher to William T. Pelton, Tilden's nephew, then domiciled in Tilden's home at 15 Gramercy Park: "Have just received proposition to hand over a Tilden decision of Board and certificate of Governor for $200,000." Pelton thought it too much, and Marble again telegraphed that one Elector could be secured for $50,000. Pelton replied that he "could not draw until the vote of the Elector was received." On December 5, Marble wired: "Proposition failed.... Tell Tilden to saddle Blackstone."

Smith M. Weed visited South Carolina. On November 16, without the use of cipher or sobriquet, he telegraphed Henry Havermeyer: "Board demand $75,000 for two or three electors." Later in the day he added: "Looks now as though $75,000 would secure all seven votes." The next day he wired: "Press everywhere. No certainty here. Simply a hope." On November 18, he announced: "Majority of Board secured. Cost $80,000. Send one parcel of $65,000; one of $10,000; one of $5,000. All to be in $1000 or $500 bills. Have cash ready to reach Baltimore Sunday night." Pelton met Weed at Baltimore without the money and both went to New York to secure it. Meantime, the canvassing board reported in favour of Hayes.

Pelton also corresponded with one J.N.H. Patrick, who telegraphed from Oregon: "Must purchase Republican elector to recognise and act with the Democrat, and secure vote to prevent trouble. Deposit $10,000 to my credit." Pelton replied: "If you will make obligation contingent on result in March it will be done." Patrick said fee could not be made contingent, whereupon $8,000 was deposited on January 1, 1877, to his credit, but too late to complete the transaction.

When these telegrams, translated by the New York Tribune, were investigated by the Potter Congressional committee in January, 1879, Marble testified that he transmitted them simply "as danger signals"; Weed admitted and attempted to justify; Pelton accepted the full responsibility, intending, he said, to get the money of Edward Cooper; Cooper testified that the telegram requesting $80,000 sent to Baltimore was his first knowledge of Pelton's activity; that he immediately informed Tilden, who recalled his nephew and put a stop to negotiations. Tilden swore that "no offer, no negotiation in behalf of any member of any Returning Board was ever entertained by me, or by my authority, or with my sanction.... There never was a moment in which I ever entertained any idea of seeking to obtain those certificates by any venal inducement, any promise of money or office, to the men who had them to grant or dispose of. My purpose on that subject was perfectly distinct, invariable, and it was generally assumed by all my friends without discussion. It may have sometimes been expressed and whenever the slightest occasion arose for it to be discussed, it was expressed. It was never deviated from in word or act."—Testimony in relation to Cipher Telegraphic Dispatches, pp. 200-274; see also, Bigelow's Life of Tilden, Vol. 2, pp. 180-223.

[770] From an editorial signed by Henry Watterson, January 8, 1877.

[771] Rhodes, History of the United States, Vol. 7, p. 243.

[772] The Nation, June 25, 1885.

[773] Upon this committee Conkling was substituted in place of Logan, detained at home. Abram S. Hewitt was one of the House appointees.

[774] Clifford and Field were accounted Democrats, and Miller and Strong, Republicans.

[775] Bigelow, Life of Tilden, Vol. 2, p. 60.

[776] Bigelow, Life of Tilden, pp. 67-74.

[777] Manton Marble to the New York Sun, August 5, 1878.

[778] Bigelow, Life of Tilden, Vol. 2, p. 76.

[779] Ibid., pp. 76, 79, 80.

[780] New York Times, January 2, 1877.

[781] January 4.

[782] Bigelow, Life of Tilden, Vol. 2, p. 74, note.

[783] Ibid., p. 63.

[784] Blaine, Twenty Tears of Congress, Vol. 2, p. 584. Morrison of Illinois declared that Davis' "most intimate friends, among whom I may count myself, don't know to-day whether he favored Tilden or Hayes. He didn't vote at all."—Century Magazine, October, 1901, p. 928.

[785] Senate: For, 26 Democrats, 21 Republicans; against, 16 Republicans, 1 Democrat. House: For, 160 Democrats, 31 Republicans; against, 69 Republicans, 17 Democrats.

[786] Century Magazine, October, 1901, p. 933.

[787] Bigelow, Life of Tilden, Vol. 2, p. 64, note.

[788] "General Grant sent for Senator Conkling, and said with deep earnestness: 'This matter is a serious one, and the people feel it very deeply. I think this Electoral Commission ought to be appointed.' Conkling answered: 'Mr. President, Senator Morton' (who was then the acknowledged leader of the Senate), 'is opposed to it and opposed to your efforts; but if you wish the Commission carried, I can help do it.' Grant said: 'I wish it done.'"—George W. Childs, Recollections, pp. 79, 80.

[789] Conkling, Life of Conkling, p. 521.

[790] Rhodes, History of the United States, Vol. 7, p. 263.

[791] Bigelow, Life of Tilden, Vol. 2, p. 84.

[792] "In all his political official life the most important vote which he [Conkling] has been or can be called upon to give—that upon the Louisiana electoral question—he evaded."—Harper's Weekly, February 8, 1879.

[793] "He [Conkling] was at the time most suspected by the Republicans, who feared that his admitted dislike to Hayes would cause him to favour a bill which would secure the return of Tilden."—Thomas V. Cooper and Hector T. Fenton, American Politics, p. 230; see also, Rhodes, History of the United States, Vol. 7, p. 263.

[794] Bigelow, Life of Tilden, Vol. 2, p. 84.

"Mr. Conkling felt that neither Mr. Tilden nor Mr. Hayes should be inaugurated."—Conkling, Life of Conkling, p. 528.

[795] Letter of Stanley Matthews and Charles Foster, dated February 17, 1877.—Appleton's Cyclopædia, 1877, p. 459.

[796] This commission consisted of Charles B. Lawrence, Joseph B. Hawley, John M. Harlan, John C. Brown, and Wayne McVeigh.—Ibid., p. 465.

[797] Ibid., pp. 456-465. Packard became consul to Liverpool.

[798] The commission reported the Packard government's insistence that the Legislature of 1870 had the power to create a Returning Board with all the authority with which the Act clothed it, and that the Supreme Court of the State had affirmed its constitutionality. On the other hand, the Nichols government admitted the Legislature's right to confide to a Returning Board the appointment of electors for President and Vice-President, but denied its power to modify the constitutional provision for counting the vote for governor without first amending the State Constitution, declaring the Supreme Court's decision to the contrary not to be authoritative.—Appleton's Cyclopædia, 1877, pp. 403-404.

[799] Durrell, a United States Circuit judge, sustained Kellogg in his contest with McEnery.

[800] "The President directs me to say that he does not believe public opinion will longer support the maintenance of the State government in Louisiana by the use of the military, and he must concur in this manifest feeling." Grant's telegram to Packard, dated Mar. 1, 1877.

[801] New York Tribune, July 10, 1877.

[802] The first step towards a change in the manner of appointments and removals was a bill introduced in Congress on December 20, 1865, by Thomas A. Jenckes of Rhode Island "to regulate the civil service of the United States." A few months later Senator B. Gratz Brown of Missouri submitted a resolution for "such change in the civil service as shall secure appointments to the same after previous examinations by proper Boards, and as shall provide for promotions on the score of merit or seniority." On March 3, 1871, Congress appended a section to an appropriation bill, authorising the President to "prescribe such regulations for the admission of persons into the civil service as may best promote efficiency therein and ascertain the fitness of each candidate in respect to age, health, character, knowledge and ability for the branch of service in which he seeks to enter; and for this purpose he may employ suitable persons to conduct such inquiries, prescribe their duties, and establish regulations for the conduct of persons who may receive appointments." Under this authority President Grant organised a commission composed of George William Curtis, Joseph Medill, Alexander C. Cattell, Davidson A. Walker, E.B. Ellicott, Joseph H. Blackfan, and David C. Cox. This commission soon found that Congress was indisposed to clothe them with the requisite power, and although in the three years from 1872 to 1875, they had established the entire soundness of the reform, an appropriation to continue the work was refused and the labours of the commission came to an end.

[803] New York Tribune, June 25, 1877.

[804] New York Tribune, July 28, 1877.

[805] Ibid.

[806] In his speech at Woodstock, Conn., on July 4, Blaine disapproved the President's action; a gathering of Republicans in New Jersey, celebrating the return of Robeson from a foreign tour, indicated an unfriendly disposition; the Camerons of Pennsylvania, father and son, exhibited dissent; one branch of the New Hampshire Legislature tabled a resolution approving the President's course; and an early Republican State convention in Iowa indirectly condemned it.

[807] In H.R. 45th Cong., 3d Sess., No. 140, p. 48 (Potter report) is a list of those connected with the Louisiana count "subsequently appointed to or retained in office."

[808] These conventions occurred as follows: Ohio, August 2; Maine, August 9; Pennsylvania, September 6; Wisconsin, September 12; Massachusetts, September 20; New Jersey, September 25. See New York papers on the day following each.

[809] New York Tribune, February 28, 1877.

[810] "Platt and I imbibed politics with our earliest nutriment. I was on the stump the year I became a voter, and so was he. I was doing the part of a campaign orator and he was chief of the campaign glee club. The speech amounted to little in those days unless it was assisted by the glee club. In fact the glee club largely drew the audience and held it. The favorite song of that day was 'John Brown's Body,' and the very heights of ecstatic applause were reached when Brother Platt's fine tenor voice rang through the arches of the building or the trees of the woodland, carrying the refrain, 'We'll hang Jeff Davis on a sour apple tree, while John Brown's soul goes marching on.'"—Chauncey M. Depew, Speeches, 1896 to 1902, p. 237.

[811] The vote stood 311 to 110 in favour of the motion.

[812] Appleton's Cyclopædia, 1877, pp. 562-563.

[813] New York Tribune, September 27.

[814] Curtis declined chiefly from the motive ascribed in Lowell's lines:

"At courts, in senates, who so fit to serve?
And both invited, but you would not swerve,
All meaner prizes waiving that you might
In civic duty spend your heat and light,
Unpaid, untrammelled, with a sweet disdain.
Refusing posts men grovel to attain."
—Lowell's Poems, Vol. 4, pp. 138-139.

[815] See [Chapter XII.], [p. 166].

[816] New York Tribune, September 27, 1877.

[817] "He [Conkling] never linked his name with any important principle or policy."—Political Recollections, George W. Julian, p. 359.

"Strictly speaking Senator Conkling was not an originator of legislative measures. He introduced few bills which became laws. He was not an originator, but a moulder of legislation.... It may be said that during his last seven years in the Senate, no other member of that body has, since the time of Webster and Clay, exercised so much influence on legislation."—Alfred R. Conkling, Life of Conkling, pp. 645-649.

[818] Harper's Weekly, March 11, 1876. For other editorials referred to, see February 5; April 8, 15, 29; May 20; June 3, 17, 1876; March 24; April 21; July 21; August 11; September 22, 1877.

[819] Conkling, Life of Conkling, pp. 538-549; New York Tribune, October 1, 1877.

[820] After the death of Thomas B. Reed of Maine, this speech was found in his scrap-book among the masterpieces of sarcasm and invective.

[821] White, Autobiography, Vol. 1, p. 171.

[822] "Because half-a-dozen grasshoppers under a fern make the field ring with their importunate chink, while thousands of great cattle beneath the shadow of the British oak chew the cud and are silent, pray do not imagine that those who make the noise are the only inhabitants of the field, that of course they are many in number, or that, after all, they are other than the little, shrivelled, meagre, hopping, though loud and troublesome, insects of the hour."—Edmund Burke. George H. Jennings, Anecdotal History of the British Parliament, p. 159.

[823] New York Tribune (correspondence), September 28.

[824] Alfred R. Conkling, Life of Conkling, p. 540.

[825] Edward Cary, Life of Curtis, p. 258.

[826] Curtis's amendment was defeated by 311 to 110.

[827] The candidates were: Secretary of State, John C. Churchill, Oswego; Comptroller, Francis Sylvester, Columbia; Treasurer, William L. Bostwick, Ithaca; Attorney-General, Grenville Tremaine, Albany; Engineer, Howard Soule, Onondaga.

[828] The Democratic State convention met at Albany on October 3, 1877.

[829] New York Tribune, September 1, 1877.

[830] "The man who has been the most effective organiser of corruption strikes boldly for release. He is arrayed as an element in the combination which attacks the Governor and Democratic State officers, and which seeks to reverse their policy."—Albany Argus, October 4, 1877.

[831] "How the Kelly faction got control of the Democratic convention and used it for the supposed benefit of Kelly is hardly worth trying to tell. A description of the intrigues of a parcel of vulgar tricksters is neither edifying nor entertaining reading."—The Nation, October 11, 1877.

[832] New York Tribune, October 4, 1877.

[833] New York Tribune, October 4.

"The defeat of Bigelow and Fairchild will be the triumph of the reactionists who think that the golden era of the State was in the days before thieves were chastised and driven out of the Capital and State House."—Albany Argus, October 4, 1877.

[834] Secretary of State, Allen C. Beach, Jefferson; Comptroller, Frederick P. Olcott, Albany; Treasurer, James Mackin, Dutchess; Attorney-General, Augustus Schoonmaker, Jr., Ulster; Engineer, Horatio Seymour, Jr., Oneida.

On October 6, a convention of Labor Reformers, held at Troy, nominated a State ticket with John J. Junio for Secretary of State. The Prohibition and Greenback parties also nominated State officers, Henry Hagner and Francis E. Spinner being their candidates for secretary of state. The Social Democrats likewise presented a ticket with James McIntosh at its head.

[835] New York Tribune, October 4.

[836] This meeting was held in New York City on October 10. See New York papers of the 11th.

[837] "The Utica Republican is an aggressive sheet. It calls George William Curtis 'the Apostle of Swash.'"—New York Tribune, October 27.

[838] Ibid., November 2.

[839] Democrats elected a governor by 22,520 plurality and carried the Legislature by forty on joint ballot.—Appleton's Cyclopædia, 1877, p. 621.

[840] New York Tribune, November 3, 1877.

[841] Total vote of John J. Junio (Labour Reformer), 20,282; Henry Hagner (Prohibitionist), 7,230; John McIntosh (Social Democrat), 1,799; Francis E. Spinner (Greenback), 997.—Appleton's Cyclopædia, 1877, p. 566.

[842] "We elected our district attorney by 2,336 majority, but the candidate for State senator, who was known to represent Senator Conkling, although personally popular and most deserving, was beaten by 1,133.... It is fair to say that the unpopularity of the federal office-holders, who are Mr. Conkling's most zealous supporters, is in part the cause of this remarkable result." Interview of Ellis H. Roberts.—New York Tribune, November 10, 1877.

"The energies of all the opposition to me were concentrated upon that district. I believe Tammany and the lofty coterie of Republican gentlemen in this city (New York) threw money into my district to carry it against me.... Had we been sufficiently aroused and sagacious we could have defeated this manœuvre, but we found out too late. We sent the tickets to the polls, in the ward in which I live, at daylight, as did the Democrats. Not one of our tickets was found at the polls. They were all thrown into the canal." Interview with Conkling.—New York Herald, November 9, 1877.

[843] The Legislature of 1878 had in the Senate: 18 Republicans, 13 Democrats, 1 Independent; in the Assembly: 66 Republicans, 61 Democrats, 1 Independent.

[844] Tammany elected its entire county ticket. Its majority for the State ticket was 30,520.

[845] New York Times, May 2, 1878.

[846] The Utica Republican, July 1, 1878.

[847] New York Times (correspondence), September 27.

[848] A single roll-call resulted as follows: George F. Danforth, Monroe, 226; Joshua M. Van Cott, Kings, 99; George Parsons, Westchester, 79. The Prohibition State convention, which assembled at Albany on April 24, had nominated Van Cott.

[849] "The Democratic convention at Syracuse was perhaps the noisiest, most rowdy, ill-natured, and riotous body of men which ever represented the ruling party of a great Commonwealth."—The Nation, October 3.

[850] Cooper had resigned from Tammany in 1877.

[851] Appleton's Cyclopædia, 1878, p. 624.

[852] The Nation, October 3.

[853] Appleton's Cyclopædia, 1878, p. 623.

[854] New York Tribune, October 8 and 16.

[855] See [Chapter XXVII.], pp. [350], [351], note.

[856] October 24, 1878.

[857] On May 13, 1878, Congressman Potter of New York secured the appointment of a committee of eleven to investigate alleged frauds in the Florida and Louisiana Returning Boards, with authority to send for persons and papers. He refused to widen the scope of the investigation to include all the States, presumably to avoid the damaging evidence already known relating to Pelton's effort to secure a presidential elector in Oregon. The Tribune's timely exposure of the telegrams turned the investigation into a Democratic boomerang.

[858] In reference to Kelly's despotic rule see speeches of Anti-Tammany opponents in New York Tribune (first page), October 31, 1878.

[859] Myers, History of Tammany, p. 310.

[860] Danforth, Republican, 391,112; Bradley, Democrat, 356,451; Tucker, National, 75,133; Van Cott, Prohibitionist, 4,294. Assembly: Republicans, 98; Democrats, 28; Nationals, 2. Congress: Republicans, 26; Democrats, 7. Cooper over Schell, 19,361.

[861] The following table gave great offense:

Democratic Districts.	Counties.	Population.	Republican Districts.	Counties.	Population.
3d	Kings	292,258	20th	Herkimer, Otsego	89,338
8th	New York	235,482	18th	Jefferson, Lewis	90,596
7th	New York	173,225	26th	Ontario, Yates, Seneca	91,064
2d	Kings	172,725	16th	Clinton, Essex, Warren	101,327
9th	New York	167,530	27th	Cayuga, Wayne	106,120

[862] Appleton's Cyclopædia, 1879, p. 672.

[863] Sharpe's term having expired he had withdrawn his application for reappointment.

[864] "You remember, don't you, what Orville Baker told us about Arthur's two passions, as he heard them discussed at Sam Ward's dinner in New York? New coats being one, he then having ordered twenty-five from his tailor since the New Year came in."—Mrs. James G. Blaine, Letters (January 28, 1882), Vol. 1, p. 294.

[865] New York Tribune, November 22, 1871. See also, Ibid., November 21.

[866] See his letters to the Secretary of the Treasury, New York Tribune, January 28, 1879.

[867] In his testimony before the Jay Commission, Arthur spoke of "10,000 applicants," backed and pressed upon him with unabated energy by the most prominent men "all over the country."—New York Tribune, July 28, 1877.

[868] Arthur was offered an appointment as consul-general to Paris.—See Theodore E. Burton, Life of John Sherman, p. 294.

[869] New York Herald, November 9, 1877. Respecting this interview Conkling made a personal explanation in the Senate, in which he said: "Though some of the remarks in question may at some time have been made in private casual conversations, others of them never proceeded from me at any time."—New York Tribune, November 13. It is assumed that the portions quoted above, taken from a three-column interview, are substantially correct, since they are corroborated by several persons now living (1908) who heard the Senator's expressions. See, also, Alfred R. Conkling, Life of Conkling, pp. 552-554.

"Mr. Conkling, in all his conversations, seemed to consider men who differed from him as enemies of the human race."—White, Autobiography, Vol. 1, p. 188.

"Conkling spoke with great severity of President Hayes, and said he hoped it would be the last time that any man would attempt to steal the presidency."—Hoar, Autobiography, Vol. 2, p. 44.

[870] Harper's Weekly, December 8, 1877.

[871] Conkling, Life of Conkling, p. 373.

[872] Harper's Weekly, December 22, 1877.

[873] New York Tribune, December 17, 1878.

[874] Theodore Roosevelt died on February 9.

[875] The strength of the anti-Conkling sentiment was clearly shown in the contest for speaker of the Assembly. Thomas G. Alvord received 52 votes to 43 for George B. Sloan of Oswego. Although Sloan and his supporters declared for Conkling, Alvord was confessedly the Conkling candidate.

[876] New York Tribune (correspondence), February 1, 1879.

[877] Ibid., January 28.

[878] These exhibits made a document of 423 pages, of which 308 were extracts from the testimony taken by the Jay Commission, then published for the first time.

[879] Cooper, American Politics, Book 3, pp. 176-186.

[880] The extra session of Congress adjourned July 1, 1879.

[881] On August 29, the State convention of Nationals assembled at Utica, and nominated Harris Lewis of Herkimer, for governor. The platform opposed National banks and demanded an issue of greenbacks at the rate of $50 per capita, at least. Lewis, who had been a member of the Assembly twenty years before, was president of the Farmers' Alliance.

The State Prohibition convention met at Syracuse, September 3, and nominated a full State ticket, with John W. Mears of Oneida, for governor. The platform declared the license system the cornerstone of the liquor traffic and favoured woman suffrage.

[882] "The only complaint that his friends have ever made of Mr. Wheeler is that his generous nature forbids him, politically, to fight. Had he been willing to lead in the State convention in 1879, it would have had a different result."—Harper's Weekly, March 26, 1881.

[883] Among the more influential Republican editors, who wrote with rare intelligence, representing both factions of the party, may be mentioned Charles E. Smith, Albany Journal; Carroll E. Smith, Syracuse Journal; Ellis H. Roberts, Utica Herald; James N. Matthews, Buffalo Express; S. Newton Dexter North, Albany Express; Whitelaw Reid, New York Tribune; John H. Selkreg, Ithaca Journal; John M. Francis, Troy Times; Beman Brockway, Watertown Times; Charles E. Fitch, Rochester Democrat-Chronicle; George William Curtis, Harper's Weekly; Charles G. Fairman, Elmira Advertiser; William Edward Foster, Buffalo Commercial; George Dawson, Albany Journal; Lewis J. Jennings, New York Times.

[884] The sale of a condition powder for cattle started Starin on the road to wealth, which soon discovered itself in the ownership of canal, river, and harbour boats, until he became known as High Admiral of the Commerce of New York. Like success attended his railroad operations.

[885] Pomeroy was district-attorney of his County, 1851-56; in the Assembly, 1857; in Congress, 1861-69, being elected speaker in place of Colfax on the day the latter retired to be sworn in as Vice-President; mayor of Auburn, 1875-76; State Senate, 1878-79.

[886] Whole number of votes cast, 450. Necessary to a choice, 226. Cornell received 234; Robertson, 106; Starin, 40; Pomeroy, 35; Hiscock, 34; Sloan, 1.

[887] Harper's Weekly, October 25, 1879.

[888] New York Sun, September 8.

The following candidates were nominated: Governor, Alonzo B. Cornell, New York; Lieutenant-Governor, George G. Hoskins, Wyoming; Secretary of State, Joseph B. Carr, Rensselaer; Comptroller, James W. Wadsworth, Livingston; Attorney-General, Hamilton Ward, Allegany; Treasurer, Nathan D. Wendell, Albany; Engineer, Howard Soule, Onondaga.

[889] New York Star, Sept. 17, 1879.

[890] New York Sun, Sept. 12.

[891] In the early forties Manning began as an office-boy on the Albany Atlas, and in 1865, as associate editor of the Argus, he dominated its policy. Upon the death of James Cassidy, in 1873, he succeeded to the presidency of the company with which he continued throughout his life.

[892] After service on the New York World, and the Brooklyn Eagle, McKelway became chief editor of the Argus in 1878. He rejoined the Eagle in 1885. Among other accomplished editors who made their journals conspicuous in party (Democratic) and State from 1865 to 1880, may be mentioned William Cassidy, Albany Argus; Thomas Kinsella, Brooklyn Eagle; Joseph Warren and David Gray, Buffalo Courier; Samuel M. Shaw, Cooperstown Freeman's Journal; James and Erastus Brooks, New York Express; Benjamin Wood, New York News; Manton Marble and Joseph Pulitzer, New York World; William Purcell, Rochester Union-Advertiser; Henry A. Reeves, Greenport Republican Watchman; E. Prentiss Bailey, Utica Observer. Although previously of Democratic tendencies, the New York Herald, by 1865, had become wholly independent.

[893] The platform, which dealt mainly with State issues, repeated the fraud-cry of 1876, advocated hard money, and upheld the Democratic programme in Congress.—See Appleton's Cyclopædia, 1879, p. 680.

[894] See New York papers of September 12, 1879.

[895] The ticket presented was as follows: Governor, Lucius Robinson, Chemung; Lieutenant-Governor, Clarkson N. Potter, New York; Secretary of State, Allen C. Beach, Jefferson; Comptroller, Frederick P. Olcott, New York; Treasurer, James Mackin, Dutchess; Attorney-General, Augustus Schoonmaker, Ulster; State Engineer, Horatio Seymour, Jr., Oneida.

[896] Harper's Weekly, October 4, 1879.

[897] New York papers, October 10, 1879.

[898] Harper's Weekly, November 8, 1879.

[899] Cooper Union speech, October 21.

[900] October 23.

[901] Harper's Weekly, November 8.

[902] The Nation, September 25 and October 23, 1879; New York Times, September 19, 20, 24, 25.

[903] New York World, October 11, 14, 16, 17.

"John Kelly. Oh! John Kelly!
We read you like a book;
We've got plain country common-sense,
Though homely we may look;
And we know each vote you beg, John,
Is only begged to sell;
You are but the tool of Conkling,
And bargained to Cornell."
—New York World, October 17.

[904] The election held on November 4, resulted as follows: Governor, Cornell, 418,567; Robinson, 375,790; Kelly, 77,566; Lewis (National), 20,286; Mears (Prohibition), 4,437. Lieutenant-Governor, Hoskins, 435,304; Potter, 435,014. Secretary of State, Carr (Republican), 436,013; Beach (Democrat), 434,138. Comptroller, Wadsworth, 438,253; Olcott, 432,325. Treasurer, Wendell, 436,300; Mackin, 433,485. Attorney-General, Ward, 437,382; Schoonmaker, 433,238. Engineer and Surveyor, Soule, 427,240; Seymour, 439,681. Legislature: Assembly, Republicans, 92; Democrats, 35; National, 1; Senate (elected the previous year), Republicans, 25; Democrats, 8.

[905] To criticisms of his course in taking part in the campaign, Sherman replied; "We must carry New York next year or see all the result of the war overthrown and the constitutional amendments absolutely nullified. We cannot do this if our friends defeat a Republican candidate for governor, fairly nominated, and against whom there are no substantial charges affecting his integrity."—Burton, Life of Sherman, p. 296.

[906] The Albany Club was organised early in January, 1880.

[907] New York Times (editorial), February 18, 1880.

[908] "The Governor showed his contempt for public opinion by nominating John F. Smyth, while the Senate had self-respect enough to refrain from confirming him."—Ibid., May 28, 1880.

[909] "Mr. Smith is one of the happily diminishing class of amphibious editors, one-third journalist, two-thirds 'worker,' who consult with the Bosses in hotels all over the State about 'fixing things,' draw fustian platforms for State conventions, embody the Boss view of the nation and the world in 'editorials,' and supply the pure milk of the word to local committees and henchmen, and 'make it hot' for the Democrats during the canvass."—The Nation, March 4, 1880.

[910] Smith was then thirty-eight years of age.

[911] "Mr. Smith's partners in the Journal had become enraged in the course of a factional controversy over public appointments, in particular that of Smyth to be the Insurance Commissioner. At a conference Mr. Smith's partners desired to get editorial control at once and to terminate his connection with the Journal."—Philadelphia Press, January 20, 1908.

"The first response of the conscience and courage of the party was the prompt change of the Albany Evening Journal, probably the most influential party paper in the State, from the position of a thick-and-thin machine organ to that of an advocate of sound and independent Republicanism."—Harper's Weekly, March 13, 1880.

[912]

"Passions are likened best to flowers and streams;
The shallows murmur but the deeps are dumb."
—Works of Sir Walter Raleigh, Vol. 8, p. 716 (Oxford, 1829).

[913] New York Tribune, February 26, 1880.

[914] The vote on the resolution endorsing Grant, stood 216 to 183.

[915] Roscoe Conkling, Alonzo B. Cornell, Chester A. Arthur, and James D. Warren, were selected as delegates-at-large.

[916] Harper's Weekly, March 13, 20, April 3, 1880.

[917] New York Tribune, February 26.

[918] New York Times, May 8.

[919] From speech made in the Senate on May 7.—New York Tribune, May 8.

[920] Harper's Weekly, May 29.

[921] Letter dated May 6.—See Appleton's Cyclopædia, 1880, p. 575.

[922] New York Tribune, May 8.

[923] Everit Brown, A Dictionary of American Politics, p. 372; Harper's Weekly, February 5, 1881.

[924] New York Times, May 16.

[925] Ibid.

[926] Ibid., June 2.

[927] Ibid., May 8.

[928] The minority, representing fourteen States and ably led by Benjamin F. Tracy, sustained the authority of State conventions to overrule the choice of the districts.

[929] "Suggestions were made that the substitution of Mr. Conkling for General Grant would give him the nomination, and there was a moment when General Garfield apprehended such a result. There was, however, never a time when it was possible. The 306 would never have consented unless Grant's name were first withdrawn by his authority. A firmer obstacle would have been Conkling's sturdy refusal to allow the use of his name under any circumstances."—Boutwell, Reminiscences, Vol. 2, p. 269.

[930]

"When asked what State he hails from,
Our sole reply shall be,
He comes from Appomattox
And its famous apple-tree."

[931] From his speech nominating Elihu B. Washburne.—Chicago Tribune, June 7, 1880.

[932] Chicago Inter-Ocean, June 7, 1880.

[933] New York Times, June 7.

[934] The first ballot was as follows: Grant, 304; Blaine, 284; Sherman, 93; Edmunds, 34; Washburne, 30; Windom, 10. Whole number of votes, 755; necessary to a choice, 378.

[935] Thirty-fifth ballot: Grant, 313; Blaine, 257; Sherman, 99; Edmunds, 11; Washburne, 23; Windom, 3; Garfield, 50. Thirty-sixth ballot: Grant, 306; Blaine, 42; Sherman, 3; Washburne, 5; Garfield, 399.

Conkling's peculiar manner of announcing New York's vote excited criticism. "Two delegates," he declared, "are said to be for Sherman, eighteen for Blaine, and fifty are for Grant." The chairman of the West Virginia delegation, whom the Senator had sought to unseat, mimicking the latter's emphasis, announced: "One delegate is said to be for Grant, and eight are known to be for Blaine."

[936] Some months later Chauncey I. Filley, a delegate from St. Louis, caused the Grant medals to be struck for the 306, on which was emblazoned "The Old Guard."

[937] "It has been asserted that this nomination was a boon to Roscoe Conkling to secure his support of Garfield. To deny this is almost supererogatory. He sternly refused to make any suggestion."—Conkling, Life of Conkling, p. 607-608.

[938] Woodford's interview with the writer, October 4, 1908.

[939] Mr. Morton's letter to the author, dated September 14, 1908.

[940] Letter of Howard Carroll to the author, dated October 15, 1908.

[941] Interview of author with General Woodford.

[942] New York Tribune, June 9.

[943] After the nomination John Sherman wrote to a personal friend: "The nomination of Arthur is a ridiculous burlesque, inspired, I fear, by a desire to defeat the ticket. His nomination attaches to the ticket all the odium of machine politics, and will greatly endanger the success of Garfield. I cannot but wonder how a convention, even in the heat and hurry of closing scenes, could make such a blunder."—Burton, Life of Sherman, p. 296.

[944] "I do not think he [Arthur] knows anything. He can quote a verse of poetry, or a page from Dickens and Thackeray, but these are only leaves springing from a root out of dry ground. His vital forces are not fed, and very soon he has given out his all." Mrs. James G. Blaine, Letters (February 21, 1882), Vol. 1, p. 309.

[945] Tilden's letter of June 18, 1880.—Public Writings and Speeches, Vol. 2, pp. 502-506.

[946] "If the Democrats do not nominate Mr. Tilden, they do relinquish the fraud issue—the strength of their canvass."—New York Sun, June 22, 1880.

[947] The Nation, April 22.

[948] See district attorney's letter, Bigelow, Life of Tilden, Vol. 2, pp. 254-259, 264.

[949] Ibid.

[950] Delegates-at-large: Lucius Robinson, Calvin E. Pratt, Rufus W. Peckham, and Lester B. Faulkner. The last named was chairman of the Democratic State committee.

[951] New York Tribune, April 21.

[952] New York Sun, April 21.

[953] Letter to Dr. George L. Miller, New York Tribune, June 21, 1880.

[954] New York Sun, April 21, 1880.

[955] New York Times, April 21.

[956] New York Times, April 21.

For delegate-at-large to Cincinnati the convention selected the following: Amasa J. Parker of Albany, William Dorsheimer of New York, Jeremiah McGuire of Chemung, George C. Green of Niagara.

[957] New York Tribune (correspondence), April 21.

[958] John Bigelow, Life of Tilden, Vol. 2, pp. 265, 271.

[959] Tilden's Public Writings and Speeches, Vol. 2, pp. 502-506.

[960] John Bigelow, Life of Tilden, Vol. 2, p. 272.

[961] Ibid.

[962] The vote of the delegation stood as follows: Paine, 38; Tilden, 11; English, 11; Bayard, 6; Hancock, 3; Randall, 1. Under the unit rule this gave Payne the entire number, 70.

[963] The first ballot gave Hancock, 171; Bayard, 153½; Payne, 81½; Thurman, 68½; Field, 65; Morrison, 62; Hendricks, 49½; Tilden, 38; with a few votes to minor candidates. Whole number of votes, 728. Necessary to a choice, 486.

[964] Before changes were made the second ballot gave Hancock 319; Randall, 129½; Bayard, 113; Field, 65½; Thurman, 50; Hendricks, 31; English, 19; Tilden, 6; scattering, 3. After the changes the result was as follows: Hancock, 705; Hendricks, 30; Tilden, 1; Bayard, 2.

[965] The vote stood, without New York, 205 to 457 in favor of rejecting the Shakespeare Hall delegation. With New York it would have been thirty-nine more than a two-thirds majority.

[966] For a copy of this letter, see New York Tribune, August 28.

[967] Harper's Weekly, May 15, 1873.

[968] Conkling's speech is printed in full in the New York Tribune of September 18, 1880.

[969] Alfred R. Conkling, Life of Roscoe Conkling, pp. 623-625.

"I was informed by Mr. Conkling that he had not been alone one minute with General Garfield, intending by that care-taking to avoid the suggestion that his visit was designed to afford an opportunity for any personal or party arrangement."—Boutwell, Reminiscences, Vol. 2, p. 272.

[970] Garfield, 555,544; Hancock, 534,511; Weaver (Greenback), 12,373. Judge of Appeals: Folger, 562,821; Rapallo, 517,661; Armstrong (Greenback), 13,183. Mayor of New York: Grace, 101,760; Dowd, 98,715. Legislature: Assembly, Republicans, 81; Democrats, 47. Senate (hold over): Republicans, 32; Democrats, 18. Republican majority on joint ballot, 52.

[971] November 6, 1880.

[972] New York Tribune (editorial), January 3, 1881.

[973] "Senator Woodin spoke of Truman G. Younglove, the only speaker in the history of the State who had dared to hold back the committees in order to influence a senatorial caucus, as a 'political corpse,' and said that Sharpe would share his fate."—New York Tribune, January 13, 1881.

[974] "Blaine, representing Garfield, came to New York and asked me to enter the contest for the purpose of securing the election of a senator who would support the Administration. That was the reason why I became a candidate."—Interview of Mr. Depew with the author, February 19, 1909.

[975] Harper's Weekly, February 5, 1881.

[976] Interview of Mr. Depew with the author, March 28, 1909. See also New York Tribune, January 9, 1882. "Among others present at the conference," added Depew, "were Webster Wagner, John Birdsall, Dennis McCarthy, and William H. Robertson of the State Senate, James W. Husted, and George Dawson of the Albany Evening Journal. Woodin remarked, 'We can trust Platt, and when he's elected senator we shall not need a step-ladder to reach his ear.'"

[977] Total vote in caucus, 105. Necessary to a choice, 53. Platt, 54; Crowley, 26; Rogers, 10; Wheeler, 10; Lapham, 4; Morton, 1.

The election, which occurred on January 18, resulted: Senate, Platt, 25; Kernan, 6; Assembly, Platt, 79, Kernan, 44.

[978] Alfred R. Conkling, Life of Conkling, p. 634.

[979] Morton declined the navy portfolio, preferring the mission to France.

[980] Stewart L. Woodford, U.S. attorney, and Louis F. Payn, U.S. marshal for the Southern District; Asa W. Tenney, U.S. attorney for the Eastern District; Clinton D. MacDougall, U.S. marshal for the Northern District; and John Tyler, collector of customs, Buffalo. These were reappointments.

[981] New York Tribune, March 24, 1881.

[982] From Conkling's letter of resignation.—New York Tribune, May 17, 1881.

[983] Boutwell, Reminiscences of Sixty Years, Vol. 2, p. 274.

[984] New York Tribune, January 7, 1882.

[985] Hoar, Autobiography, Vol. 2, p. 57.

[986] Boutwell, Reminiscences, Vol. 2, p. 273.

[987] Ibid., p. 274.

[988] Conversation with the author, December 7, 1908.

[989] Mrs. James G. Blaine, Letters (March 24, 1881), Vol. 1, p. 197.

[990] Reminiscences, Vol. 2, p. 273.

[991] Alfred R. Conkling, Life of Conkling, p. 637.

[992] For full text of telegram see New York Tribune, January 7, 1882. This confidential despatch found its way into the public press. "It must have been stolen from the wires," wrote Hay. "Nobody but myself has ever seen it—not even Garfield. I read it to him. It has been under lock and key ever since."—Mrs. James G. Blaine, Letters, Vol. 1, p. 286.

[993] Ibid.

[994] Conversation with the author, March 28, 1909.

[995] "If any Democratic senator is thinking only of New York politics, and of the mere party relations of the pending question of Presidential nominations, the Democrats of New York must frankly tell him that nothing but injury to the Democracy of New York has come or can come of coalitions with Senator Conkling. The past is eloquent on the subject. Whether set on foot by Mr. Tilden in 1873, or by Mr. Kelly at a later date, Democratic coalitions with Mr. Conkling have benefited only the Republicans. Mr. Tilden finally came to grief through them, and so did Mr. Kelly; and, what is more important, so did the Democratic party.... It is high time that the false lights which Senator Conkling displayed to certain Democratic senators, and with the help of whom the nominations of President Hayes were thwarted, should be understood. The chequered career of Senator Conkling should compel cautious people to inquire carefully into the evidence for any declaration which may be made by him as to President Garfield and his undertaking."—New York World, April 1, 1881.

[996] "I walked over to Conkling and said, 'I shall send my resignation to Governor Cornell to-night.' Conkling turned to me and replied: 'Don't be too hasty about this matter, young man.' We then went to the rear of the Senate Chamber and talked it over. Conkling insisted that we should wait, and fight it out in Committee. I replied, 'We have been so humiliated that there is but one thing for us to do—rebuke the President by immediately turning in our resignations and then appeal to the Legislature to sustain us.' I induced Conkling to join me in offering our joint resignations, and that night the papers were forwarded to Cornell by special messenger." Platt's Reminiscences.—Cosmopolitan Magazine, April, 1909, p. 516.

It was at this time that Platt's opponents gave him the sobriquet of "Me Too," meaning that he merely followed Conkling's lead. This was unjust to the junior Senator, who at least took the lead in suggesting and insisting upon resigning.

[997] "The sensational resignations of Conkling and Platt produce no excitement here (Washington), and I have yet to hear one criticism complimentary of Conkling, though I have seen all sorts of people and of every shade of cowardice."—Mrs. James G. Blaine, Letters (May 17, 1881), Vol. 1, p. 199.

Robertson and Merritt were promptly and unanimously confirmed on May 18. Two days afterward the names of the five Stalwarts, which had been withdrawn, were resubmitted, except those of Payn and Tyler.

[998] "Conkling was unrelenting in his enmities. He used to get angry with men simply because they voted against him on questions in which he took an interest. Once he did not for months speak to Justin S. Morrill, one of the wisest and kindliest of men, because of his pique at one of Merrill's votes."—George F. Hoar, Autobiography, Vol. 2, p. 55.

[999] The full text of the letter is published in the New York papers of May 17, 1881.

[1000] "I was very much surprised at Senator Conkling's action," said Senator Frye of Maine, "because of Judge Robertson's personal hostility to him and not on account of his lack of fitness. During President Hayes' administration not an important appointment was made in Maine to which Senators Blaine and Hamlin were not bitterly opposed. One man was appointed after Mr. Blaine had stated that he was probably the only prominent Republican in the State personally hostile to him. Yet, with a single exception, all were confirmed, notwithstanding the opposition of the Maine Senators. But neither of them resigned. They were too good Republicans for that."—New York Tribune, May 17, 1881.

[1001] A.R. Conkling, Life of Conkling, p. 632.

[1002] Conkling spoke of Cornell as "The lizard on the hill."

[1003] The ballot resulted as follows: To succeed Platt (long term), Thomas C. Platt, 29; Chauncey M. Depew, 21; Alonzo B. Cornell, 12; Elbridge G. Lapham, 8; Warner Miller, 5; Richard Crowley, 3; scattering, 25. Francis Kernan (Dem.), 54. Total, 157.

To succeed Conkling (short term), Roscoe Conkling, 39; William A. Wheeler, 19; Alonzo B. Cornell, 9; Richard Crowley, 5; Warner Miller, 1; scattering 37. John C. Jacobs (Dem.), 53. Total, 159.

[1004] "Suddenly the adherents of the murdered President saw the powers of government about to be transferred to the leader of their defeated adversaries, and that transfer effected by the act of an assassin. Many of them could not instantly accept the truth that it was the act solely of a half-crazed and disappointed seeker for office; many of them questioned whether the men who were to profit by the act were not the instigators of it."—From address of Elihu Root, delivered at the unveiling of President Arthur's statue in Madison Square, New York, June 13, 1899.

[1005] On June 9, S.H. Bradley of Cattaraugus, made a personal explanation in the Assembly, charging Loren B. Sessions, of the Senate, with offering him $2,000 to cast his vote for Depew. Sessions denied the charge. Investigation proved nothing, and an indictment, subsequently returned against Sessions, resulted in a trial and an acquittal.

[1006] New York Tribune, July 7, 1881.

[1007] "At a conference held on May 22, at the house of Chester A. Arthur, No. 123 Lexington Avenue, the following persons were present: Chester A. Arthur, Thomas C. Platt, Louis F. Payn, Charles M. Denison, George H. Sharpe, John F. Smyth, A.B. Johnson, and Roscoe Conkling. Each person was asked to pass judgment upon the future course of the two Senators. Each one spoke in turn. The sense of the meeting was that they should proceed to the State capital."—A.R. Conkling, Life of Conkling, pp. 642-643.

"Payn warned both Conkling and Platt that they would be defeated. Speaker Sharpe admonished Payn that he was wrong. Payn predicted that while he and other friends were still battling for the organisation Sharpe would desert them. Payn proved himself a prophet. Sharpe went over to the opposition." Platt's Reminiscences.—Cosmopolitan Magazine, April, 1909, p. 517.

[1008] New York papers of July 23.

[1009] New York Tribune, July 23.

[1010] The candidacy of John C. Jacobs had been the subject of some criticism on the part of the Democrats because he was a member of the Legislature, and on June 22, after the twenty-third ballot, he withdrew. A caucus then substituted the name of Potter.

[1011] Conkling at once resumed the practice of law in New York City. The strain and exposure of making his way on foot through the snowdrifts of the historic blizzard which visited that city in the spring of 1888, resulted in an abscess in the inner ear, from which he died on April 18. A bronze statue, erected in his memory, is located in Madison Square.

"We have followed poor Conkling down to the gates of death and have been truly sorry to see them close upon him. I have never heard your father, in all the twenty-two years since he spoke hard words to him, say a syllable which he need regret, but his deathbed seemed hardly less inaccessible than his life."—Mrs. James G. Blaine, Letters, Vol. 2, p. 203. Dated, San Remo, May 1, 1888. Addressed to Walker Blaine.

[1012] "He wantonly sacrificed the Hancock ticket to his unscrupulous quest of local power. The Democracy here and elsewhere perfectly understand his perfidy, and they only await an opportunity for a reckoning. They intend to punish him and make an example of him as a warning to bolting renegades and traitors."—New York Herald, November 5, 1880.

[1013] Appleton's Cyclopædia, 1881, p. 655.

The State ticket was as follows: Secretary of State, William Purcell, Monroe; Comptroller, George H. Lapham, Yates; Attorney-General, Roswell A. Parmenter, Rensselaer; Treasurer, Robert A. Maxwell, Genesee; Engineer, Thomas Evershed, Orleans; Judge, Court of Appeals, Augustus Schoonmaker, Ulster.

[1014] "It was a common saying of that time among those who knew him best, '"Chet" Arthur, President of the United States! Good God!'"—White, Autobiography, Vol. 1, p. 193.

[1015] The ticket was as follows: Secretary of State, Joseph B. Carr, Rensselaer; Comptroller, Ira Davenport, Steuben; Attorney-General, Leslie W. Russell, St. Lawrence; Treasurer, James W. Husted, Westchester; Engineer and Surveyor, Silas Seymour, Saratoga; Judge of the Court of Appeals, Francis M. Finch, Tompkins.

[1016] Harper's Weekly, October 15.

[1017] "I dined at the President's on Wednesday. The dinner was extremely elegant, hardly a trace of the old White House taint being perceptible anywhere, the flowers, the silver, the attendants, all showing the latest style and an abandon in expense and taste."—Mrs. James G. Blaine, Letters (March 13, 1882), Vol. 2, pp. 4, 5.

[1018] Plurality of Carr, secretary of state, 13,022. Other Republicans had about the same, except Husted, whom Maxwell, treasurer, defeated by 20,943. The Legislature stood: Senate, Democrats, 17; Republicans, 15. Assembly, Democrats, 67; Republicans, 61.

[1019] Kelly demanded the chairmanship of cities in both Houses, a satisfactory composition of the committees on railroads and on commerce and navigation, a share in the subordinate offices, and the exclusion of John C. Jacobs of Kings from the presidency of the Senate.

[1020] The Greenback-Labour party held its convention at Albany on July 19, nominating Epenetus Howe of Tompkins, for governor. It reaffirmed the principles of the party.

A labour convention was held at Buffalo on September 12, but no nominations were made. It favored abolition of the contract-labour system in prisons; of cigar factories in tenements; of child labour under fourteen; enforcement of the compulsory education act; reduction of labour to ten hours a day, etc.

An anti-monopoly convention assembled at Saratoga on September 13. No nominations were made. It demanded commissioners to supervise and control corporation charges; advocated free canals; government ownership of the telegraph; postal savings banks; discontinuance of railroad grants; prohibition of combinations to control prices, etc.

[1021] There were eight candidates for governor: Erastus Corning of Albany, Homer A. Nelson of Dutchess, Grover Cleveland of Erie, Roswell P. Flower of Jefferson, Henry W. Slocum of Kings, and Allan Campbell, Waldo M. Hutchins, and Perry Belmont of New York.

[1022] New York Tribune, September 23.

[1023] Whole number of votes, 385; necessary to a choice, 193. First ballot: Slocum, 98; Flower, 97; Cleveland, 66; Corning, 35; Campbell, 37; Nelson, 26; Belmont, 12; Hutchins, 13. Second ballot: Slocum, 123; Flower, 123; Cleveland, 71; Campbell, 33; Nelson, 15; Belmont, 6; Hutchins, 13. Third ballot: Slocum, 156; Flower, 15; Cleveland, 211.

[1024] The candidates were Charles J. Folger, Alonzo B. Cornell, James W. Wadsworth of Genesee, John H. Starin of New York, and John C. Robinson of Broome.

[1025] The bill provided that the elevated railroad companies of New York should, in lieu of other public charges, pay a tax of four per cent. on their gross receipts. As first submitted the bill had the approval of the mayor and comptroller of the city, but after its modification they withdrew their approval and opposed its passage on the ground that it unjustly discriminated in favour of these particular corporations and deprived the city of a large amount of revenue.—Appleton's Cyclopædia, 1882, p. 600.

[1026] Albany Evening Journal, August 20, 1882.

[1027] French presented a telegram to the secretary of the State committee purporting to be sent from New York by Robertson. An investigation made later showed that the message was written in Albany on a sender's blank and had not been handled by the telegraph company. French explained that he had wired Robertson for a proxy, and when handed the message supposed it to be an answer. It was plain, however, that the telegram to Robertson and his alleged answer were parts of the same scheme.

[1028] New York Times, September 22; see also the Nation, October 5; Harper's Weekly, October 14 and 21; New York Sun, September 22; Albany Evening Journal, September 22.

[1029] Whole number of votes, 447. Necessary to a choice, 249. First ballot: Folger, 223; Cornell, 180; Wadsworth, 69; Starin, 19; Robinson, 6. Second ballot: Folger, 257; Cornell, 222; Wadsworth, 18.

The ticket was as follows: Governor, Charles J. Folger, Ontario; Lieutenant-Governor, B. Platt Carpenter, Dutchess; Chief Judge of Appeals, Charles Andrews, Onondaga; Congressman-at-large, A. Barton Hepburn, St. Lawrence. Subsequently, Howard Carroll of New York, was substituted for Hepburn.

[1030] "Look at John F. Smyth and B. Platt Carpenter. Instead of being at the head of the whole business, they should be at the tail or out of sight."—From speech of Theodore F. Pomeroy, the Nation, October 5.

[1031] September 23.

[1032] The Nation, October 5.

[1033] New York Tribune, October 4.

"By one of those curious blunders to which editorial offices are liable in the absence of the responsible head, an article by Mr. Curtis was modified to commit the paper to the support of the candidate. Curtis resigned the editorship. It was promptly and in the most manly manner disavowed by the house of Harper & Bros."—Edward Cary, Life of Curtis, p. 275.

[1034] September 22.

[1035] New York daily papers, October 4.

[1036] New York Times, September 29.

[1037] Albany Evening Journal, October 16.

[1038] Folger's letter is found in the daily papers of October 4.

[1039] It was generally known that this influence changed the votes of two acting State committeemen, who had agreed to act with the Cornell men.—See the Nation of October 5; also the New York Tribune, October 4.

[1040] Cleveland's letter appears in the press of October 10.

[1041] Albany Evening Journal, October 19.

[1042] Harper's Weekly, November 4.

[1043] Appleton's Cyclopædia, 1882, p. 608.

[1044] "It will be two weeks to-morrow since I dined with Judge Howe, the postmaster-general, going out to the table with him, and here he is dead! Poor Arthur, he will find the Presidency more gruesome with a favourite cabinet minister gone! If it were Folger now, I suppose he would not care, for they really do not know what to do with him."—Mrs. James G. Blaine, Letters, Vol. 2, p. 93.

[1045] The vote was as follows: Cleveland, 535,318; Folger, 342,464; plurality, 192,854. Hill, 534,636; Carpenter, 337,855; plurality, 196,781. Ruger, 482,222; Andrews, 409,423; plurality, 72,799. Slocum, 503,954; Carroll, 394,232; plurality, 109,722.

In New York City the vote stood: Cleveland, 124,914; Folger, 47,785; plurality, 77,129. Edson (mayor), 97,802; Campbell, 76,385; plurality, 21,417. Other candidates for governor received: Howe (Greenback), 11,974; Hopkins (Prohibition), 25,783.

Legislature: Senate, Democrats, 18; Republicans, 14. Assembly, Democrats, 84; Republicans, 42; Independents, 2. Congress, Democrats, 19; Republicans, 14.

A POLITICAL HISTORY
OF THE
STATE OF NEW YORK

BY
DeALVA STANWOOD ALEXANDER, A.M., LL.D.
Member of Congress, Formerly United States Attorney
for the Northern District of New York

NEW YORK
HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY
1906 and 1909

MAIN CONTENTS

INDEX TO VOLUMES I-III

Abolitionists, denounced by press, ii. [9];
by meetings, [10];
influence of, 1838, [25];
1844, [82];
rapidly increasing strength, [89];
unite with Hunkers and Barnburners, 1849, [150];
separate nominations, 1850, [156];
election of Smith to Congress, [179];
nomination of Douglass for sec. of state, [216];
favour peaceable secession, [336].
Adams, Charles Francis, choice for President of Lib. Rep. leaders, iii. [282];
defeated, [285].
Adams-Jackson campaign, resembled that of Blaine-Cleveland, i. [367-8].
Adams, John, cautioned not to speak of independence, i. [2];
on Jay's state constitution, [8];
suggests council of appointment, [8];
anxiety to have his son President, [240].
Adams, John Quincy, unpopularity of, i. [358];
an anti-mason, [361];
scene when elected President, [343];
action of Van Rensselaer, [343].
Administration Whigs, followers of Fillmore, ii. [157];
unite with Dems. for Seymour's election, 1850, [157].
Albany, political centre, i. [375].
Albany Argus, on Clinton's loss of canal patronage, i. [261];
paper of Edwin Croswell, [294];
Seward's "forty million debt," ii. [35];
on secession, [346].
Albany Evening Journal, established March, 1830, i. [374];
Thurlow Weed its first editor, [374];
salary of, [374];
largest circulation in U.S., [375].
Albany Regency, when established, i. [293-4];
original members of, [293-4];
other members, [294];
Thurlow Weed on, [294];
supports Crawford, 1824, [324];
removes Clinton from canal com., [328];
influence ended, ii. [53].
Albany Register, attacks Burr, i. [123].
Alberger, Franklin A., candidate for canal com., 1861, iii. [23], note;
elected, [29];
renominated, 1864, [117], note;
elected, [125].
Alien and Sedition Acts, overthrow Federal party, i. [84];
approved by Jay, [85];
Adams responsible for, [88].
Allen, Peter, treatment of Fellows, i. [256].
Allen, William F., Richmond's choice for gov., 1864, iii. [117];
nominated for comp., 1869, [226];
elected, [227].
Alvord, Thomas G., the Onondaga Chief, Speaker of Assembly, iii. [22];
ch'm. People's Union con., [22];
elected to Assembly, [29];
nominated for lt.-gov., 1864, [117], note;
elected, [125].
"Amens," The, cradle of, iii. [58].
American Citizen and Watchtower, controlled by Clinton, i. [122];
edited by Cheetham, [122];
attack on Burr, [122-3].
American Colonization Society, history of, ii. [7];
forms republic of Liberia, [8].
American party, see [Native American party].
Anderson, Robert H., nominated for prison insp., 1876, iii. [346];
defeated, [350].
Andrew, John A., gov. of Massachusetts, i. [274];
Tompkins compared to, [274];
opinion of Brown, ii. [269].
Andrews, Charles, nominated for chief judge Court of Appeals, 1882, iii. [494];
defeated, [498].
Anti-Federalists, organisation of, i. [38];
in majority, [38];
elect gov., 1789, [44];
also, 1792, [56];
defeated, 1795, [65];
1798, [82];
become known as Republicans, [80].
"Anti-Jackson," "Anti-Mortgage," "Anti-Regency" factions unite as Whigs, i. [399].
Anti-Masons, bolted Thompson in 1828, i. [363];
nominated Granger, [363];
substituted Southwick, [364];
ticket defeated, [368];
issues of, broadened, [376];
nominated Granger, 1830, [376];
defeat of, [377];
nominated Wirt for President, 1832, [392];
in accord with National Republicans, [392];
nominated Granger, 1832, [393];
electoral ticket of, [393];
reason for defeat, [396];
party dissolved, [398];
become Whigs, [399].
Anti-Masonry, becomes political, i. [360];
excitement, [360];
confined to western half of state, [360];
Van Buren on, [365];
semi-religious, [370];
sudden reaction, [398];
popularity of Free-Masonry, [398].
Anti-Nebraska convention, ii. [194];
prominent men present, [194];
reassembles, [201];
forerunner of Republican party, [194].
Anti-Rent party, organisation of, ii. [82-3];
contest over constitutional convention, [97];
support Young for gov., [118-9];
influence of, 1848, [139].
Anti-Tammany organisations, 1871, iii. [268];
names and strength, [268], note;
unwilling to accept Kelly, [299].
Apollo Hall, organisation of, iii. [308];
combination with, rejected by Tam., [308];
accepted by Reps., [308].
Arbitrary arrests, opposition to, iii. [19], [20], [47], [58].
"Aristides," nom de plume of William P. Van Ness, i. [123]-6.
Armstrong, Cornelius W., nominated for canal com., 1865, iii. [129];
defeated, [135].
Armstrong, John, author of Newburgh Letters, i. [89];
opposes Alien-Sedition laws, [89];
brother-in-law of Chancellor Livingston, [116];
elected to U.S. Senate, [116];
resigned, [118];
minister to France, [150];
opposes Clinton, [204];
changed views, [204];
Tompkins jealous of, [216];
character and career of, [216];
sec. of war, [216], [222];
Spencer, a friend of, [216];
plan of Canada campaign, [222];
failure of, [223];
puts Wilkinson in command, [223];
plans again fail, [224-5];
promotes Brown and Scott, [225];
resigns in disgrace, [227];
Madison's dislike of, [238].
Arthur, Chester A., early career and character, iii. [399-402];
becomes collector of port, 1871, [399];
his successor appointed, 1877, [399];
reasons for, [399], [402];
successor defeated, [404-5];
President suspends him, 1878, [406];
reason for, [406], [408];
his defence, [408];
successor confirmed, [409];
name suggested for Vice-President, 1880, [444];
will not listen to Conkling's objection, [444];
Conkling refuses to present name to Nat. con., [444];
Woodford presents it, [444];
nominated on first ballot, [445];
people's reception of nomination, [445];
Sherman indignant, [445], note;
Mrs. Blaine's opinion of, [446];
career a study of evolution of character, [446];
supports Crowley for U.S. Senate, 1881, [465];
tries to compromise Robertson's appointment, 1881, [472];
becomes President, 1881, [485];
confidence expressed in, [485];
appointments favourably received, [486];
defeats Cornell's renomination, 1882, [493];
disastrous result, [498].
Assembly, Provincial, refuses to approve proceedings of Congress, i. [4].
Assembly, State, original membership of, i. [9];
election of, [9];
how apportioned, [9];
powers of, [9];
elected by, [9].
Astor, John Jacob, approves books of Tammany's city comptroller, 1870, iii. [245].
Astor, William B., contribution to fusion ticket, ii. [332].
Auburn, gloom over Seward's defeat, ii. [290-1], note.
Babcock, George R., declines nomination for state comp., 1875, iii. [325].
Bacon, Ezekiel, in constitutional convention, 1846, ii. [103].
Bacon, Theodore, joins Lib. Rep. movement, iii. [284];
attends its Nat. con., [284];
denounces Fenton's scheme, [284].
Bacon, William J., congressman from Oneida district, iii. [385];
supports President Hayes, [385];
speech for, [385].
Bailey, B. Prentiss, Utica Observer, a leading Dem. editor, iii. [420].
Bailey, Theodorus, urged for appointment, i. [121];
Clinton's agent, [152];
elected to U.S. Senate, [156].
Balcom, Ransom, reputation as a judge, iii. [166];
aspires to U.S. Senate, 1865, [166].
Ballard, Horatio, nominated for sec. of state, 1861, iii. [23], note;
elected, [29].
Baltimore convention, 1860, ii. [294-303];
Seymour strengthened, [294];
New York in control, [294], note;
seceding delegations wish to return, [295];
bitter debate, [296-7];
New York admits contestants, [300];
states secede, [300];
Soule's speech, [300-1];
Douglas nominated, [302];
Fitzpatrick nominated for Vice-President, [302];
Johnson substituted, [302].
Baltimore Union Convention, 1864, iii. [93-5];
its platform and nominees, [94].
Banks, Republicans opposed to, i. [186];
Hamilton secures charters, [186];
clever trick of Burr, [187];
State Bank of Albany, [187];
Merchants' Bank of New York, [189];
Bank of America, [191];
charter granted, [197].
Bank of Albany, incorporation of, i. [186].
Bank of America of New York, incorporation of, i. [191];
inducements for, [191].
Bank of Columbia at Hudson, incorporation of, i. [186].
Bank of New York, incorporation of, i. [186].
Barker, George P., at.-gen., ii. [52].
Barkley, Alexander, nominated for canal com., 1868, iii. [196];
defeated, [215];
renominated, 1870, [238];
defeated, [244];
renominated, 1871, [264];
elected, [275].
Barlow, Francis C., record as a soldier, iii. [129];
nominated for sec. of state, 1865, [130];
elected, [135];
not renominated, 1867, [174];
nominated for atty.-gen., 1871, [264];
elected, [275];
fine record of, [307];
dropped as atty.-gen., 1873, [307].
Barnard, David, popular anti-masonic preacher, i. [370].
Barnard, George G., Tweed's trusted judge, iii. [177];
foppish dress, [177];
appearance of, [177];
begins 1857 as recorder, [177];
advanced to Sup. Court, 1860, [177];
part in election frauds, 1868, [216];
fraudulent naturalisations, [216-8];
exposure, [246];
impeached, [248];
death, [248].
Barnburners, Dem. faction, ii. [126];
why so called, [126];
leaders of, [126-7];
hostility to Hunkers, [127];
secede from Dem. con., 1847, [127];
withdraw from Baltimore con., [130];
hold Utica con., [131];
nominate Van Buren for President, [131];
two factions of, [131];
leading members, [131];
Buffalo con., 1848, [132];
indorsed Van Buren for President, [133];
Webster's pun, [133];
nominated Dix for gov., [133];
Seymour unites them with Hunkers, [149];
nominated Seymour for gov., 1850, [156];
defeated, [158];
support Marcy for President, 1852, [169-72];
support Pierce and Seymour, 1852, [169-78];
succeed, [178];
Hunkers secede, 1853, [180-5];
nominate separate ticket, [184];
approved canal amendment, [184];
called Softshells or Softs, [185];
see [Softs].
Barney, Hiram C., appointed collector of port of New York, ii. [390];
choice of Lincoln, [390-6];
mysterious influence in favour of, [393];
career of, [395];
crippled Weed machine, [395-6];
Lincoln plans to transfer him, iii. [85];
sustained by Chase, [85];
unsatisfactory collector, [85];
Lincoln promises Weed to remove him, [87];
Draper appointed in his place, [97].
Barnum, Henry W., record as a soldier, iii. [129];
nominated for prison insp., 1865, [130];
elected, [135];
renominated, 1867, [196];
defeated, [215].
Barstow, Gamaliel H., cand. for lt.-gov., 1836, ii. [12];
career of, [13];
defeated, [14];
state treas., [18];
withdraws from politics, [38].
Bascom, Oliver, nominated for canal com., 1868, iii. [207];
elected, [215].
Bates, James K., nominated for prison insp., 1863, iii. [76];
elected, [83].
Bayard, James A., cand. in opposition to Greeley, 1872, iii. [289], note;
attitude toward Tilden, [354].
Beach, Allen C., nominated for lt.-gov., 1868, iii. [207];
elected, [215];
renominated, [231];
elected, [244];
aspires to be gov., 1872, [297];
nominated for sec. of state, 1877, [384];
vigorously opposed in campaign, [387];
elected, [387];
renominated, 1879, [424];
defeated, [427].
Beach, John H., Seward's reliance upon, ii. [34].
Beale, Charles L., in Congress, ii. [339], note;
disapproved Weed's compromise, [339], note.
Beardsley, Samuel, leads Dem. forces in Congress, ii. [1];
heads mob against anti-slavery meeting, [6];
character of, [53].
Beauregard, Pierre T., at Charleston, S.C., iii. [2];
reduces Fort Sumter, [3];
at Bull Run, [11].
Beebe, George M., strong supporter of Tammany, iii. [383].
Beecher's Bibles, Sharpe's rifles, ii. [224].
Beecher, Henry Ward, active against repeal of Missouri compromise, ii. [193];
in campaign, 1860, [240];
political sermons of, [329];
indifference to secession, [334];
peaceable secession, [336].
Resents Lincoln's relations with Conservatives, iii. [90];
forsakes Johnson, [163];
denounces his vicious course, [163];
supports Rep. ticket, [163];
on Cornell's defeat, 1882, [495].
Beekman, John P., ambitious to be gov., ii. [172-3].
Belmont, August, at Charleston convention, ii. [272];
approves Weed's compromise, [338], [341];
del. to Dem. nat. con., 1864, iii. [101];
1872, [287];
Ch'm. of nat. ex. com., [287].
Belmont, Perry, presented for gov., 1882, iii. [488].
Bemis, Horace, threatens to bolt leg. caucus, iii. [53], note.
Bennett, James Gordon, editor of N.Y. Herald, iii. [36];
contest with Greeley, [36];
favours Dix for gov., [42].
Benson, Egbert, atty.-gen., i. [16];
at Hartford con., [28];
at Annapolis, [29];
in Legislature, [33];
action on Federal Constitution, [33];
elected to Congress, [44];
appointed to Supreme Court, [61].
Benton, Thomas H., on Van Buren's conscription law, i. [232];
on Van Buren's rejection as minister, [389].
Betts, Samuel R., appointed to Supreme Court, i. [322].
Bigelow, John, ch'm. of Tilden's canal com., 1875, iii. [323];
declines Rep. nomination for state comp., 1874, [325];
accepts Dem. nomination for sec. of state, 1874, [326];
elected, [331];
Tilden's spokesman at Nat. con., 1876, [342];
bitterly opposed for renomination as sec. of state, [380];
defeated, [384].
Birdsall, John, on Supreme Court, i. [348];
induced to leave Anti-Masons, [397].
Birdsall, John, State senator, iii. [437];
declares he will vote for Blaine, 1880, [437].
Black, Jeremiah S., cand. in opposition to Greeley, 1872, iii. [289], note.
Blaine, James G., oratorical castigation of Conkling, iii. [168];
supported by Robertson, 1876, [335];
thought Dems. lacked firmness, 1877, [355];
why Dems. favoured Electoral Com., [355];
supports Conkling in contest to remove Arthur and Cornell, [405];
a striking tableau, [405-6];
again supports Conkling, [410];
name loudly applauded in state con., 1880, [433];
resented by Conkling, [433];
gets eighteen votes from N.Y., 1880, [441];
part in Robertson's appointment, [469-71];
Conkling's lack of confidence in, [471];
influence in Cornell's councils, 1882, [492].
Blair, Montgomery, letter to Welles, ii. [192].
Blatchford, Richard M., approved Weed's compromise, ii. [338];
acts as agent for the Government, iii. [7];
attends Saratoga con., 1866, [144];
thought Morgan's backbone missing, [222].

Blatchford, Samuel, law partner of Seward, ii. [165];
defeated for Supreme Court, [165].
Bliss, Archibald M., attended Lib. Rep. state con., 1872, iii. [296];
on com. to confer with Dems., [296].
Bostwick, William L., nominated for state treas., 1877, iii. [377];
defeated, [387].
Bouck, William C., compared with Young, ii. [53];
named for gov., 1840, [54];
defeated, [54];
renominated, 1842, [54];
elected, [55];
canal policy, [56];
nepotism of, [57];
defeated for renomination, [77-8];
in constitutional con., 1846, [103];
appointed sub-treas., [119];
reasons for it, [119], [123].
Boutwell, George S., compliments Weed, iii. [58];
about Robertson's election, 1881, [469-70].
Bowles, Samuel J., on Weed as a manager, ii. [283].
Bradford, George P., delegate to Lib. Rep. state con., 1872, iii. [296].
Bradish, Luther, speaker of Assembly, ii. [18];
defeated for nomination for gov., 1838, [19-21];
nominated for lt.-gov., [21];
nominated for gov., 1842, [51];
defeated, [55].
Bradley, George B., nominated for Court of Appeals, 1878, iii. [393];
defeated, [397].
Brady, James T., in campaign of 1852, ii. [178];
nominated for atty.-gen. by Hunkers, [183];
nominated for gov. by Hards, [325];
popularity of, [325];
defeat of, [333];
delegate to seceding states, [351-2].
Sympathy with the South, iii. [4];
tendered nomination for mayor, 1861, [30];
refused it, [30];
loyalty of, [59];
addresses to Union League, 1863, [59];
declines state comptrollership, 1863, [74];
active in campaign, 1867, [186].
Bribery, in chartering Albany State Bank, i. [186-7];
Purdy charged with, [190];
Thomas and Southwick indicted and acquitted, [191-4].
Bristol, Wheeler H., nominated for state treas., 1869, iii. [226];
elected, [227];
renominated, 1871, [273];
defeated, [275].
Brockway, Beman, Watertown Times, a leading Rep. editor, iii. [414].
Bronson, Greene C., appointed atty.-gen., i. [383];
character and career of, [383-4]; ii. [196];
declines to support Softs, [186];
removed as collector, [187];
Greeley on, [187], [189];
nominated for gov. by Hards, [196];
inconsistency of, [196];
at peace congress, [350];
stands with Lincoln, iii. [15].
Brooks, Erastus, nominated for gov., ii. [238];
early career of, [238];
N.Y. Express, conspicuous as an editor, iii. [420].
Brooks, James, founded N.Y. Express, ii. [238];
early career of, [238];
forces nomination of Seymour, iii. [38];
controls Cons. Union con., 1863, [79];
connection with Crédit Mobilier, [309], note;
death, [309], note;
a leading Dem. editor, [420].
Broome, John, candidate for lt.-gov., 1804, i. [129];
death and career of, [180].
Brouck, Francis C., nominated for state treas., 1861, iii. [21], note;
declined to accept, [24].
Brown, D.D.S., attended Lib. Rep. state con., 1872, iii. [296];
on com. to confer with Dems., [296].
Brown, Jacob, valour at Sackett's Harbour, i. [223];
promoted, [225];
character and career of, [225];
on Niagara frontier, [226];
brilliant leadership, [227].
Brown, John, raid of, ii. [259];
career of, [259-60];
Douglas on, [260];
Emerson on, [260];
Thoreau on, [260];
Longfellow on, [260];
Lincoln on, [264];
Seward on, [266-7];
Andrew on, [269].
Brown, John W., nominated for judge Court of Appeals, 1865, iii. [129];
defeated, [135].
Brown University, William L. Marcy, graduate of, i. [292].
Bruce, Benjamin F., candidate for canal com., 1861, iii. [23], note;
elected, [29];
renominated, 1863, [76];
elected, [83].
Bryant, William Cullen, in campaign of 1844, ii. [84];
original Barnburner, [131];
supports Pierce and Seymour, 1852, [177];
theory of, [177], note;
active in campaign of 1856, [240];
meets Lincoln, [266];
ch'm. of Lincoln meeting, [263];
opposes Seward for President, [285];
elector-at-large, [328];
opposes Seward for sec. of state, [394].
Favours postponing Nat. Rep. Con., 1864, iii. [88];
resents Lincoln's relations with Seward and Weed, [90];
denounces expulsion of Louisiana legislators, [328].
Buchanan, James, nominated for President, ii. [228];
supported by Hards, [227-8];
Softs forced to vote for, [227-8];
criticised by Southern press, iii. [10].
Bucktails, followers of Van Buren, i. [251];
origin of name, [251].
Bucktails and Clintonians, 1820, two opposing parties, i. [273].
Buel, Jesse, cand. for gov., 1836, ii. [12];
career and gifts of, [12];
defeated, [13].
Buffalo, burned by British, i. [224];
Clinton predicts its great growth, [243].
Bull Run, battle of, iii. [11-12];
Scott did not approve, [11];
Lincoln favoured it, [11];
urged by the N.Y. Tribune, [11].
Burr, Aaron, with Arnold at Quebec, i. [5];
supports Yates for gov., [43];
atty.-gen., [45];
early career, [45];
his character, [45];
first meeting with Hamilton, [45-6];
opinion of Washington, [46];
legend as to Hamilton and, [46];
atty.-gen., [46-7];
elected to U.S. Senate, [49];
ambitious to be gov., [50];
checked by Clinton and Hamilton, [50];
non-attention to public business, [55];
referee in Clinton-Jay contest, [57];
undertakes to carry New York, [89];
skilful methods of, [90];
meets Hamilton at the polls, [91];
courtesy of, [91];
style of speaking, [91];
Root's opinion of, [91];
party triumphant, [91];
cand. for Vice-President, [98];
the tie vote, [98];
favours Jefferson's election, [98];
supported by Federalists, [98-9];
silent as to result, [102];
Van Ness, as a go-between, [103];
deceived by Edward Livingston, [103];
defeated for President, [104];
elected Vice-President, [104];
eulogised by Jefferson, [104];
sudden change toward, [105];
personal appearance, [106];
president constitutional con., [115];
helped Clinton's control, [115-6];
Clinton's dislike of, [116];
Clinton determines to destroy him, [116];
friends without an office, [119];
turns against Jefferson and Clinton, [121-2];
silence under attack, [123];
"Aristides'" defence of, [123];
nominated for gov., 1804, [131];
hopeless race from start, [131];
Hamilton's reasons for opposing, [133-5];
leader of secession, [134-5];
Lansing's withdrawal, [136];
reasons for election, [137];
powerful friends, [138];
defeated, [138];
challenged Hamilton, [139-40];
hostile meeting, [142];
death of Hamilton, [142];
indicted for murder, [144];
later career, [144-5];
character, [145];
unnatural parent, [146];
connection with Tam., [182];
clever trick to charter bank, [187].
Burrows, Lorenzo, nominated for gov. by Americans, ii. [249];
character of, [249];
defeated, [255];
manager Cons. state con., 1863, iii. [79], note.
Burt, James, in Council of Appointment, i. [156].
Burt, Silas W., appointed surveyor, port of New York, iii. [406];
confirmed, [409].
Butler, Benjamin F., district attorney, i. [289];
gifts, character, and career of, [289-94];
appearance of, [289];
relations with Talcott, [291];
law partner of Van Buren, [291];
member of Albany Regency, [293-4];
death of, [294];
sent to Assembly, [358].
U.S. atty.-gen., ii. [1];
practising law, [53];
at Baltimore con., [70-3];
declines to be sec. of war, [94];
a Barnburner, [120];
at Utica con., [131].
Butler, William Allen, son of Benjamin F., eulogy of Van Buren, i. [208].
Cady, Daniel, gifts and character of, i. [169];
career of, [169];
father of Elizabeth Cady Stanton, [169];
assails embargo, [169].
Cagger, Peter, at Charleston con., ii. [272];
opposes Union State con., iii. [15];
draft-circular, [82].
Calhoun, John C., resembled John C. Spencer, i. [264];
Clinton on, [386], note;
opposes Van Buren, [387].
Callicot, Timothy, proposition to Depew, iii. [53];
elected speaker of Assembly, [54].
Cambreling, Churchill C., leads Dem. forces in Congress, ii. [1];
in constitutional con., 1846, [103];
minister to Russia, [103];
a Barnburner, [128];
at Utica con., [131];
supports Pierce and Seymour, 1852, [177].
Cameron, Simon, promised place in Lincoln's cabinet, ii. [288].
Campaign speeches, 1860, ii. [329].
Campbell, Allan, presented for gov., 1882, iii. [488], note;
ostensible choice of County Democracy, [489];
supported by Reps. for mayor of N.Y., 1882, [498];
character and ability, [498];
defeated, [498].
Canadian rebellion, history of, ii. [23-4].
Canal Ring, defeats Barlow for atty.-gen., 1873, iii. [307];
opposes Tilden for gov., 1874, [311];
members of it, [312];
exposed and crushed, [322-4].
Canal work and fraud, see [Erie Canal].
Cannon, Joseph G., respecting Greeley and Lincoln, iii. [126], note.
Cantine, Moses I., brother-in-law of Van Buren, i. [251];
opposed Clinton and Erie canal, [251].
Caroline, steamer in Canadian rebellion, ii. [24].
Carpenter, B. Platt, nominated for lt.-gov., 1882, iii. [494];
defeated, [498].
Carr, Joseph B., nominated for sec. of state, 1879, iii. [416];
elected, [427];
renominated for sec. of state, 1881, [485];
elected, [486].
Carroll, Howard, named for congressman-at-large, 1882, iii. [494];
defeated, [498].
Carter, Luther C., in Congress, ii. [339], note;
disapproves Weed's compromise, [339], note.
Carver, Joseph, predicts inland waterway in New York, i. [241].
Cassidy, William, Albany Argus, a leading Dem. editor, iii. [420].
Castle Garden meeting, to unite Fillmore Whigs and Democrats, ii. [157].
Champlain, Marshal M., nominated for atty.-gen., 1861, iii. [24], note;
defeated, [29];
renominated, 1869, [226];
elected, [227];
renominated, 1871, [273];
defeated, [275].
Chandler, Zachariah, resented Lincoln's relations with Seward and Weed, iii. [89].
Chapin, Edwin H., political sermons of, ii. [329].
Chaplin, William L., nominated for gov. by Abolitionists, 1850, ii. [156].
Chapman, George W., nominated for canal com., 1870, iii. [231];
elected, [244];
renominated, [273];
defeated, [275].
Charleston convention, 1860, ii. [270-9];
Softs admitted, [270];
N.Y. delegation, [271-2];
Richmond's leadership, [271-9];
struggle over platform, [273-5];
bitter debates, [273-6];
states secede, [275];
South against Douglas and Guthrie, [276];
adjourned to Baltimore, [279];
see[ Baltimore convention].
Charleston Mercury, resents action of Northern Dems., iii. [10].
Chase, Salmon P., chief of radicals in cabinet, iii. [14];
resigns, [84];
consents to remain, [84];
threatens to resign, [86];
resigns, 1864, [96];
Lincoln's tart acceptance, [97];
leads movement to substitute another cand. for Lincoln, [103];
aspires to be President, 1868, [197];
favoured by Seymour, [198];
gets few votes, [199];
several Lib. Reps. favour him, 1872, [282];
defeated, [286].
Chatfield, Thomas S., nominated for state treas., 1869, iii. [226];
defeated, [227].
Cheetham, James, editor of American Citizen, i. [122];
attacked Burr, [122-3];
assailed by Van Ness, [126];
challenged Coleman, [128];
assailed Burr, 1804, [137];
opposed embargo, [165];
expelled from Tam., [182];
death of, [182].
Cheever, George B., tours England in behalf of the Union, iii. [90];
resents Lincoln's relations with Conservatives, [90];
signs call for Cleveland con., [90];
denounces policy of Administration, [90].
Chicago convention, 1860, ii. [281-93];
prototype of modern con., [281];
Greeley on, [281];
ch'm. and platform of, [282];
influence of cheering, [288];
Lincoln nominated on third ballot, [289];
Evarts moved to make unanimous, [289];
Hamlin nominated for Vice-President, [289].
Church, Sanford E., elected to Assembly, 1841, ii. [47];
original Barnburner, [131];
nominated for lt.-gov., 1850, [156];
at Charleston con., [272];
temp. ch'm. Dem. state peace con., [354].
Opposes Union State con., 1861, iii. [15];
favoured for gov., 1862, [39];
attends Saratoga con., 1866, [144];
delegate-at-large, [144];
adjourns con. to defeat Dix, [158];
audacious act, [158];
abject apology, [158];
elected chief judge Ct. of Appeals, [234], note;
aspires to be gov., 1872, [297];
defeated by Tilden, [298];
ambitious to be gov., 1874, [311];
associated with canal ring, [312-3].
Churchill, John C., nominated for sec. of state, 1877, iii. [377];
defeated, [387];
aspired to be state comp., 1879, [417];
defeated, [417].
Cipher dispatches, iii. [350-1], note;
translated by Tribune, [394];
publication of, [395];
influence on Tilden, [395].
Cisco, John J., sympathy with the South, iii. [4].
Civil service reform, first effort of Fed. Gov., iii. [360];
Curtis heads Com., [360];
Hayes' efforts to establish it, [360];
opposition to, [361], [365].
Civil war, sec. of treas. predicts, ii. [332];
Reps. might have prevented, [342];
gov.'s message, [348];
petitions for peace, [349];
action of N.Y. Chamber of Commerce, [349];
of Legislature, [349];
delegates to peace congress, [350];
detention of guns, [351];
delegates sent to secession states, [351-2];
Dix's dispatch, [352];
state con. of fusionists, [354-8];
Conkling on, [357], note.
Clark, Gaylord J., nominated for prison insp., 1862, iii. [41], note;
elected, [51].
Clark, Israel W., Albany Register, i. [262];
friend of Erie canal, [262].
Clark, Myron H., nom. for gov., 1854, ii. [199];
career and character of, [199];
Weed opposed nomination for gov., [199];
elected, [203];
not renominated, [234].
Temperance cand. for gov., 1870, iii. [244];
defeated, [244], note;
renominated, 1874, [316];
defeated, [319].
Clay, Henry, aids in rejection of Van Buren, i. [387];
United States Bank, [393];
defeat, 1840, ii. [40];
anger of friends, [40].
Clay party, organised, 1831, i. [392];
nominated Henry Clay for President, 1832, [392].
Cleveland convention, 1864, iii. [92].
Cleveland, Grover, presented for gov., 1882, iii. [490];

career and character, [490];
County Democracy's influence, [490];
nominated on third ballot, [491];
appearance, [492];
his sturdy rectitude, [492];
letter of acceptance, [497];
enormous majority, [498];
known as the "Veto Mayor," [499].
Clews, Henry, recommends Murphy's appointment, iii. [233];
presents Dix for gov., 1872, [294].
Clinton, DeWitt, forces election of Council of Appointment, i. [107];
controls it, [107];
early career of, [108];
appearance and character, [108-9];
breaks with Jay, [110];
adds to authority of Council, [115];
prototype of political boss, [115], [119];
destroys Burr, [116], [119];
patronage to the Livingstons, [115];
elected to U.S. Senate, [118];
resigns, [119];
becomes mayor, [118];
with Jefferson against Burr, [121];
attacks Burr through press, [122];
assailed by Van Ness, [125-6];
challenged by Swartwout, [127];
wounds him, [127];
regrets it was not Burr, [127];
too young for gov., 1804, [136];
opposes Lewis' administration, [149-51];
bargains with the Burrites, [152];
hostility of Martling Men, [152];
three offices and salaries, [153];
opposed by W.W. Van Ness, [153];
removed from mayoralty, [155];
selects Tompkins for gov., [158];
contrasted to Tompkins, [160-1];
opposes embargo, [165], [168], [171];
changes opinion, [165];
reappointed mayor, [165];
urges uncle for President, [166-7];
series of mistakes, [167];
approves Madison's and Tompkins' administrations, [168];
assails Federalists, [168];
removed as mayor, [172-3];
reappointed, [179];
hostility of Tam., [180-5];
nominated lt.-gov., [181];
lavish style of living, [183];
wealth of wife, [183];
income as mayor, [183];
Irish friends, [183];
lack of tact, [184];
ready to defeat Tompkins, [184];
desertion of friends, [184-5];
elected lt.-gov., [185];
opposes charter of Merchants' Bank, [189];
silent as to Bank of America, [196];
estrangement of Spencer, [197];
seeks nomination for President, [199];
fitness for, [200];
nominated by Legislature, [201];
opposition to, [201-2];
Granger supports, [202];
opposed by Tompkins, [201];
by Rufus King, [203-6];
supported by Federalists, [204-8];
campaign managed by Van Buren, [206-10];
defeated for President, [210];
reasons for, [210];
King's election to U.S. Senate, [211-2];
not renominated for lt.-gov., [212];
attacks Tompkins and Taylor, [213];
retains mayoralty, [213];
Riker his enemy, [218];
refused a command in War of 1812, [221];
patriotic devotion, [221];
removed from the mayoralty, [235];
record as mayor, [235];
canal com., [242-3];
early efforts as, [243];
in retirement, [243];
begins correspondence with Post, [243];
plan for canal, [244];
heads new commission, [245];
friendship with Spencer renewed, [245];
brother-in-law of Spencer, [245];
cand. for gov., [245];
reports on cost of canals, [246-7];
supported by Federalists for gov., 1817, [247-8];
pictures Van Buren, [250];
nominated for gov., 1817, [250];
elected, [252];
inaugurated, [252];
began work on canal, [252];
at zenith of fame, [253];
lacked politician's art, [254], [257];
refused reconciliation with Young, [254];
believed Republican party would divide, [254-5];
refused to appoint Federalists, [255];
dismissed Tam. office holders, [255];
rivals of, [255];
character of messages, [256];
bolts party caucus, [257-60];
not a reformer, [260];
crippled in power, [261];
loss of canal patronage, [261];
sly methods of, [268];
removes Bucktails from office, [273];
calls Van Buren "arch scoundrel," [273];
hesitates to remove him, [274];
renominated for gov., [279];
without organisation, [279];
confident of election, [281];
elected, [281];
protests against Federal patronage, [283-4];
green-bag message, [285];
vituperative allusions to Van Buren, [286], note;
fails to defeat Van Buren for U.S. senator, [287];
trapped into opposing the constitutional con., 1821, [296];
friends without influence in con., [298];
not renominated for gov., 1822, [312];
reasons for, [314-5];
prophetic letter, [315];
deceived as to Yates' popularity, [320];
removed as canal com., [329];
great excitement, [329];
nominated for gov., [330-1];
stirring campaign against Young, [332];
elected, [333];
about the Presidency, [334-5];
favours Jackson, [334-6];
a censorious critic, [334-5], note;
likeness to Jackson, [336];
opening of Erie canal, [345];
ignores old custom, [347];
renominated for gov., 1826, [350];
re-elected, [352];
death of, 1828, [353];
remarks on, [354-5];
Van Buren on, [354];
Weed on, [355].
Clinton, George, member first constitutional con., i. [5];
proposed for gov., [17];
manners of, [19];
ancestry and career, [20];
elected gov., [21];
Schuyler on, [21];
Washington on, [22];
hatred of Tories, [23];
approves revenue going to Congress, [24];
insists upon its collection by state, [25];
refuses to convene Legislature, [25];
Hamilton opposes, [25];
not candid, [28];
opposes revision of Articles of Confederation, [29];
withdrawal of Yates and Lansing, [30];
reproves Hamilton, [31];
bitterest opponent of Federal Constitution, [32];
ignored it in message, [32];
proposed another con., [33];
conduct criticised, [36];
Washington on, [36];
opposed for re-election as gov., [37];
Hamilton's encounter with, [38];
re-elected, 1789, [44];
a master politician, [45];
reasons for appointing Burr, [46-7];
helped by the Livingstons, [47-8];
renominated for gov., 1792, [50];
abuse and misrepresentation, [54];
sales of public lands, [54];
elected, [55];
known as usurper, [61];
refused to nominate Benson, [61];
argument of, [61];
action of Council of Appointment, [62];
not a spoilsman, [62];
declined to stand for re-election, [63];
renominated for gov., 1801, [115];
elected, [115];
opposed methods of Council, [119];
declines re-election, [129];
elected Vice-President, [147];
opposed embargo, [165];
urged for President, 1808, [166];
re-elected Vice-President, [167];
defeats United States Bank, [186];
death and character of, [197-8];
the great war gov., [219];
plan to connect Hudson with Lake Ontario, [242].
Clinton, George W., son of DeWitt Clinton, ii. [183];
nominated sec. of state by Hunkers, [183];
Dem. state peace con., [356];
loyal sentiments of, [356-7], note.
Clintonians, followers of DeWitt Clinton, i. [251].
Clintonians and Bucktails, 1820, two opposing parties, i. [273].
Clinton, James, in first constitutional con., i. [5];
brother of George Clinton, [43];
father of DeWitt Clinton, [43];
his character, [43-4].
Cobb, Howell, sec. of treas., ii. [332];
on election of Lincoln, [332];
predicts panic, [332].
Cochrane, John, Barnburners' platform maker, ii. [197];
at Charleston con., [272];
career, appearance and ability of, [272].
Sympathy with the South, iii. [4];
speech at Richmond, Va., [4];
loyal speech at Union Square meeting, [6];
enters the army, [9];
criticised by Southern press, [10];
favours freeing and arming slaves, [25];
nominated for atty.-gen., 1863, [76], note;
elected, [83];
signs call for Cleveland con., 1864, [90];
resents infringement of rights, [90];
president of Cleveland con., [92];
denounces leaders of Rep. party, [92];
nominated for Vice-President, [92];
withdraws, [120];
at Rep. state con., 1871, [259];
joins Lib. Rep. movement, [283];
organises its con. for Greeley's nomination, [283];
calls Lib. Rep. state con. to order, 1872, [296].
Colden, Cadwallader D., ancestry and character, i. [56], [117];
district atty., [117], [179];
prophecy as to inland navigation in New York, [241];
removed as mayor of New York City, [287];
an Anti-Mason, [370].
Coleman, William, editor of Evening Post, i. [117];
clerk of circuit court, [117];
challenged by Cheetham, [128];
kills Cheetham's friend, [128].
Colles, Christopher, navigation of Mohawk River, i. [242].
Collier, John A., desired to be gov., 1842, ii. [51];
nominated Fillmore for Vice-President, [137];
career of, [138];
candidate for U.S. Senate, [145].
Columbia College, DeWitt Clinton in its first class, i. [108].
Committee of Fifty, differences with Committee of Fifty-one, i. [2];
assumed leadership of, [2].
Committee of Fifty-one, opposes Committee of Fifty, i. [2].
Committee of One Hundred, made up of Committees of Fifty and Fifty-one, i. [4].
Committee of Seventy, charged with investigating Tweed Ring, iii. [247];
nominate Havermeyer for mayor, 1872, [299].
Committee of Sixty, substituted for Committee of Fifty-one, i. [4].
Compromises of 1850, character of, ii. [151].
Comstock, George F., nominated for Court of Appeals, ii. [215];
character and ability of, [215-6];
elected, [219];
nominated for judge, Court of Appeals, 1861, iii. [21], note.
Confederates, the, resent unanimity of the North, iii. [9].
Confederation, pitiable condition of, i. [28].
Confederation, Articles of, impotent to regulate commerce, i. [29];
Hamilton on revision, [29];
con. called for revision, [29].
Congress, Continental, recommends a war government, i. [1].
Congress, Provincial, takes place of Provincial Assembly, i. [4];
meets, 1776, [5];
adopts new name, [5];
continues common law of England, [5].
Conkling, Frederick A., aspires to be gov., 1868, iii. [193].
Conkling, Roscoe, ambitious to be atty.-gen., ii. [187];
early career of, [187];
defeated by Ogden Hoffman, [188];
on Whig con., 1854, [201];
in campaign, 1858, [251];
ability as speaker, [251];
his muscle, [251];
stigmatises Dem. state peace con., [357], note;
commends Clinton's loyalty, [357], note;
lack of tact, [389].
On battle of Ball's Bluff, iii. [31];
opposes legal tender act, [32];
character of, [32];
defeated for Congress, 1862, [52];
refuses to betray Lincoln, [104];
re-elected to Congress, 1864, [125];
tours state, 1866, [164];
cand. for U.S. Senate, 1867, [166];
service in House, [167];
Blaine's attack, [168];
his vanity, [168];
strong support by Roberts, [169];
declines to use money, [170];
wins because of ability, [171];
ch'm. of con., 1867, [172-3];
tolerant of Johnsonised Reps., [173];
Fenton suspicious of, [174];
vigorous campaign, 1868, [212];
on election frauds, 1868, [215];
relations with Grant, [232];
secures Murphy's confirmation, 1870, [235];
bitter contest with Fenton, [234-5];
resumed at Rep. state con., 1870, [235];
hesitates to attend, [236];
Grant requests it, [236];
defeats Fenton, [236];
urges Curtis for gov., 1870, [238];
dodges vote, [238];
active in campaign, [241-2];
loses, [244];
Greeley attacks him, [257];
efforts to crush Fenton-Greeley machine, 1871, [250-64];
speech at con., 1871, [261-63];
beats Fenton organisation, [263];
succeeds at the polls, [275];
upholds Grant's administration, [278-9];
Robertson's dislike begins, [294];
speech in campaign, 1872, [301];
re-elected, 1873, [305];
offered place on U.S. Sup. Court, [305];
declines law partnership, [305];
zenith of power, [305];
rivalry of Tilden, 1875, [329];
speeches in campaign, [330-1];
Reps. defeated, [331];
aspires to be President, 1876, [332];
Curtis' opposition, [333];
mild endorsement, [333];
treatment in Rep. Nat. con., [333-5];
fails to attend Rep. state con., [338];
strong speech in campaign, [347];
ignores Hayes and Wheeler, [347];
favours Electoral Com., [356];
excluded from it, [356];
at Rep. state con., 1877, [362];
Curtis' tart criticism, [369-70];
reply to Curtis, [370-7];
masterpiece of sarcasm and invective, [374];
attack regarded too severe, [376];
regretted by Rep. press, [376];
Curtis' opinion of, [376];
established newspaper at Utica, [385];
reason for defeat, 1877, [388] and note;
silent on money question, [390-1];
at Rep. state con., 1878, [391];
at peace with Curtis, [391-2];
work in campaign, 1878, [395];
re-elected to Senate, 1879, [397];
successors to Arthur and Cornell nominated, 1877, [399];
dislike of President Hayes, [402-3];
defeats Roosevelt and Merritt, [404-5];
reconciliation with Blaine surmised, [405-6], [410];
Arthur and Cornell suspended, 1878, [406];
fails to defeat successors, [408-9];
opposed adoption of hard-money platform, [407];
resists repeal of election laws, [411-2];
ch'm. Rep. state con., 1879, [412];
nominates Cornell for gov., 1879, [414-18];
his ticket elected, [427];
supports Grant for third term, [428-30];
controls Rep. state con., 1880, [432];
his speech, [433-4];
at Rep. nat. con., 1880, [438-46];
leader of the Stalwarts, [438];
remarkable receptions, [439];
brilliant speech, [439-40];
criticises Blaine, [440];
the faithful, [306], [441];
opposes Stalwarts accepting Vice-Presidency, [442-4];
stoutly objects to Arthur taking it, [444];
refuses to present his name, [444];
hostility to Garfield, [461];
avoids meeting him, [461];
a veiled threat, [461];
visits Garfield at Mentor, 1880, [461];
avoids political topics, [461];
congratulates Platt on election to Senate, 1881, [468];
visits Mentor, 1881, [468];
works in harmony with President, [468];
Robertson appointed, Mar. 23, [469];
a surprise, [469-70];
reports and theories, [469-70];
a Blaine triumph, [470-1];

fails to defeat it, [473-6];
last caucus attended, May 13, [476];
resignation forwarded to Cornell, May 13, [476];
reasons for it, [477-78];
seeks a re-election at Albany, [478];
Rep. caucus refused, [479];
first ballot gives highest vote, [479];
successor elected, July 22, [482];
defeats Cornell's renomination for gov., 1882, [493];
reasons for, [493].
Connolly, Richard B., known as "Slippery Dick," iii. [177];
suave and crafty, [177];
Tweed's bookkeeper, [177];
begins in 1857 as county clerk, [177];
made city comp., 1865, [177];
his rake-off on bills, [178];
exposure of, 1871, [246];
startling crime of, [246];
resigns, [247];
escapes to Europe with plunder, [248];
dies abroad, [248], note.
Conover, Daniel D., nominated for prison insp., 1869, iii. [226];
defeated, [227].
Conservative Democrats, first called Hunkers, ii. [95].
Conservatives, faction of the Dem. party, ii. [52], [126];
favoured using surplus for canals, [52], [126];
leaders of, [53], [126];
called Hunkers, 1845, [126];
see [Hunkers].
Constitution, Federal, con. called, i. [29];
draft sent to legislatures, [32];
riots in New York, [32];
Clinton's opposition, [32];
Hamilton on, [32];
con. to ratify, [33];
held at Poughkeepsie, [33];
sacrifices of New York, [34];
people's dislike of, [34];
date of ratification, [35];
vote on, [36];
officially proclaimed, [36].
Constitution, State, drafted by Jay, i. [8];
in Jay's handwriting, [13];
when and how reported, [13-15];
approved by New England, [15];
conservative, [15];
not ratified by people, [15];
amended, 1801, [115];
new one adopted, 1821, [299-310];
broadened suffrage, [299-302];
popularised the judiciary, [302-6];
elective officers, [307-10];
changes made, [311];
ratified, [311];
new one adopted, 1846, ii. [103-13];
known as People's Constitution, [113].
Constitutional Amendments ratified, 1874, iii. [320], note.
Constitutional convention, first one, i. [5-14];
men composing it, [5];
assembles at Kingston, 1777, [5];
delegates elected by people, [5];
recess, [6];
reassembles, [6];
Jay drafts constitution, [6];
number of members, [13];
leader of radicals, [13];
hasty adjournment of, [14].
Second one, i. [115-6];
assembles at Albany, 1801, [115];
purpose of, [115];
Burr its president, [115].
Third one, i. [298-311];
assembles, 1821, [298];
distinguished delegates, [298];
Bucktail body, [298];
Tompkins its president, [299];
Van Buren its leader, [298];
reforms demanded, [299-310];
freehold suffrage, [299-302];
compromise suffrage, [299-302];
negro suffrage, [299-300];
suffrage to elect state senators, [300-1];
suffrage settled, [301];
Van Buren, speech of, [302];
sentiment against old judges, [302];
bitter words, [303];
Van Buren a peacemaker, [304];
former judges finally abolished, [306];
what con. substituted, [305];
justices of peace, [308-10];
constitution ratified, [311];
summary of changes made, [311].
Fourth one, ii. [103-13];
assembles, [103];
prominent delegates, [103-4];
absence of Seward, [104-5];
Greeley failed of election, [105];
popular sovereignty in, [105-6];
limited power of property, [107];
rights of negro, [107];
state indebtedness, [107-9];
elective judiciary, [109-12];
established Court of Appeals, [111];
ratified, [113].
Constitutional convention, 1867, iii. [184];
negro suffrage, [185];
recesses until after election, [185];
result submitted by legislature of 1869, [227];
unrestricted negro suffrage, [227];
defeated, [227].
Constitutional Union convention, The, 1863, iii. [79];
its platform, [79], note.
Constitutional Union party, organised, 1860, ii. [326];
Bell and Everett, [326];
platform of, [326];
fuses with Softs, [326];
scheme assailed, [327];
composition of, iii. [37];
opposes emancipation, [37];
its con., 1862, [37];
nominated Seymour for gov., [38].
Cook, Bates, state comp., ii. [36].
Cook, James M., nominated comp. of state, ii. [188];
ambitious to be gov., 1858, [247];
favours postponing Rep. nat. con., 1864, iii. [88].
Cooper, Edward, figures in cipher dispatches, iii. [351];
asked for money by Pelton, [351];
informs Tilden, [351];
nominated for mayor of N.Y., [393-4];
elected, [397];
strengthened by gov.'s appointments, [418].
Cooper, Peter, candidate for President, 1876, iii. [389].
Copeland, William, aids in exposure of Tweed ring, iii. [246].
"Copperheads," epithet first used, iii. [58], and note.
Cornell, Alonzo B., nom. for lt.-gov., 1868, iii. [196];
defeated, [215];
evidences of fraud in election, [215-8];
career and character, [251-2];
head of Rep. state organisation, [251];
efforts to crush Fenton-Greeley machine, 1871, [250-64];
bold ruling, [259];
defeated for nomination for gov. and lt.-gov., 1876, [337-8];
bitter feeling, [339];
his successor as naval officer appointed, 1877, [399];
confirmation defeated, [404-5];
President suspends him, 1878, [406];
reason for, [406];
successor confirmed, [409];
nominated for gov., 1879, [416];
alleged alliance with Kelly, [425];
reasons for the story, [426];
aided by Secretary Sherman, [427];
Sherman's excuse, [427], note;
elected, [427];
ran behind the ticket, [427];
did not attend Rep. nat. con., 1880, [465];
zenith of power, [465];
relations to Stalwart leaders, [465];
supports Platt for Senate, 1881, [465];
asks Garfield to withdraw Robertson's appointment, [472];
strained relations with Conkling, [478-9];
refused to become cand. against him, [479];
adm. as gov. approved by state con., 1881, [485];
cand. for renomination, 1882, [492];
opposed by Arthur, Conkling, and Jay Gould, [493];
coercion and fraud practiced, [493-4];
his defeat, [494].
Cornell, Oliver H.P., nominated for eng., 1874, iii. [325];
defeated, [331].
Corning, Erastus, at Charleston con., ii. [272];
at peace congress, [350].
Cand. for Senate, 1863, iii. [55];
character of, [56];
offices held, [56];
opposes Vallandigham's arrest, [65];
Lincoln's letter to, [66];
opposes Tilden, 1876, [342];
aspires to be gov., 1882, [488];
defeated, [489].
Cornwall, George J., nominated for lt.-gov., 1850, ii. [154].
Cotton Whigs, followers of Fillmore, ii. [165];
favourable to South, [165].
Council of Appointment, suggested by Adams, i. [8];
how elected, [11];
proposed by Jay, [11];
account of, [11], note;
bungling compromise, [12];
a political machine, [61];
Jay's interpretation of, [62];
offices controlled by, [62];
Clinton controls it, [107];
modified, 1801, [115-6];
reduced gov. to a figure-head, [119];
abolished, 1821, [311].
Council of Revision, created by first Constitution, i. [10];
membership of, [10];
failure to act, [10];
model for, [10].
Council of Safety, appointed by first constitutional con., i. [16];
orders election of gov., [17].
County Democracy, organisation of, iii. [483];
delegates admitted to Dem. state con., 1881, [484];
ticket elected, [486];
sagacity in Dem. state con., 1882, [490];
ostensibly for Campbell, [490];
solid for Cleveland, [491];
unites with Tam. on local ticket, [498];
elects city and state officials, [498].
Court of Appeals, established, 1846, ii. [111].
Court of Errors and Impeachment, created by first Constitution, i. [12];
composed of, [12];
model for, [12].
Court, Supreme, judges of, i. [12];
members of Council of Revision, [10];
how created, [12].
Cox, Jacob D., leaves Grant's cabinet, iii. [279-80];
joins Lib. Reps., [283];
opposes Greeley, [283].
Cox, Samuel S., removes from Ohio to New York, iii. [288], note;
elected to Congress, [288];
criticised by Greeley, [288];
attends Dem. nat. con., 1872, [287];
favours Greeley's nomination, [288].
Crane, William C., defeated for speaker, ii. [90];
contest over constitutional con., [97-9].
Crary, John, nominated for lt.-gov., 1828, i. [363];
unfaithful, [363-4];
defeated, [368].
Crawford, William H., favoured for President, 1816, i. [237];
character of, [237].
Crittenden Compromise, similar to Weed's, ii. [340];
not new to Congress, [341];
Greeley on, [341];
Dix on, [341];
Senate Committee of Thirteen, [341-2];
Republicans opposed it, [342];
its failure led to civil war, [342];
Lincoln opposed, [344];
majority of voters favour, [347];
petitions for, [349].
Crittenden, John J., author of compromise, ii. [340];
like Weed's, [340];
Nestor of U.S. Senate, [340];
weeps when Seward speaks, [378].
Croker, Richard, attaché of Connolly's office, iii. [318];
Kelly makes him marshal, [318].
Croswell, Edwin, editor Argus, i. [294];
lieutenant of Van Buren, [345];
opens the way for Jackson, [357];
gifts and career of, [374]; ii. [56-7];
met Weed in boyhood, i. [374];
rival editors estranged, [375];
seeks Weed's aid in trouble, [375];
associates of, ii. [1];
reappointed state printer, [56-7];
ability and leadership, [58-9];
after Van Buren's defeat, [74], [83];
slippery-elm editor, [84];
supports Seymour for speaker, [91];
defeats Young, [92];
election of U.S. senators, [93];
shrewd tactics, [94-5];
part in Wright's defeat, [123];
retires from active life, [134].
Crowley, Richard, made U.S. atty., iii. [252], note;
member of Conkling machine, [252];
cand. for U.S. Senate, 1881, [465];
Stalwart leaders divide, [465];
fitness for position, [466];
handicapped by his supporters, [466];
defeated in caucus, [468].
Crowley, Rodney R., nominated for prison insp., 1874, iii. [326];
elected, [331].
Curtis, Edward, elected to Congress, ii. [16].
Curtis, George William, in campaign, 1856, ii. [240];
early career of, [240];
refined rhetoric, [240];
on Kansas struggle, [241];
at Chicago con., [282];
eloquence of, [282].
Reasons for Rep. defeat, 1862, iii. [52];
campaign of 1864, [121];
aspires to U.S. Senate, 1867, [166];
not an active cand., [169];
rejects a combination, [169];
nominated for sec. of state, 1869, [225];
withdraws from ticket, [225];
ch'm. of Rep. state con., 1870, [236];
name presented for gov., 1870, [238];
defeated, [238];
on civil service reform, [306];
praises Tilden, [310];
ch'm. Rep. state con., 1875, [324];
opposes Conkling for President, 1876, [332-3];
also Cornell for gov. and lt.-gov., 1876, [338];
at Rep. state con., 1877, [366];
insists on Hayes' endorsement, [366];
character and early career, [366];
offered choice of foreign missions, [366];
defence of President, 1877, [368];
criticism of Conkling, [368-70];
Curtis and Conkling contrasted, [370];
Conkling's attack upon, [371-4];
his opinion of, [376];
at Rep. state con., 1878, [391];
at peace with Conkling, [391];
votes against Cornell, 1879, [416];
called a "scratcher," [424];
sharp retort, [425];
answers Conkling's speech, 1880, [434];
opposed uniting with Stalwarts, 1881, [467];
stigmatises method of Folger's nomination for gov., 1882, [495];
resigns editorship of Harper's Weekly, [495], note;
mistake disavowed by publishers, [495], note.
Curtis, Newton M., at Rep. state con., 1880, iii. [434];
views as to independence of delegates, [434];
supports instructions of state con., [434].
Curtis, William E., activity in reform, 1871, iii. [268];
at Dem. state con., 1871, [272].
Cutting, Francis B., attends Saratoga con., 1866, iii. [144].
Cuyler, Theodore L., on Cornell's defeat for renomination, 1882, iii. [495].
Danforth, George F., nominated for atty.-gen., 1874, iii. [325];
defeated, [331];
nominated for judge Court of Appeals, 1876, [339];
defeated, [350];
renominated, 1878, [392];
elected, [397].
Davenport, Ira, supports Rogers for U.S. Senate, 1881, iii. [466];
nominated for state comp., 1881, [485];
elected, [486].
Davis, David, Lincoln's manager at Chicago con., ii. [288];
on Vallandigham's arrest, iii. [66];
favoured for President, 1872, iii. [282];
defeated, [286];
elected U.S. senator, 1881, [356];
fails to go upon Electoral Com., [356];
blow to the Dems., [356].
Davis, Jefferson, sharp controversy with Douglas, ii. [279-80];
reasons for secession, [375-6];
conditions on which he would accept peace, 1864, iii. [102-3].
Davis, Matthew L., urged for appointment by Burr, i. [121];
literary executor of Burr, [145];
leader of the Burrites, [152];
bitter opponent of DeWitt Clinton, [181].
Davis, Noah, cand. for U.S. Senate, 1867, iii. [166];
character and ability, [166];
Fenton not helpful, [171];
defeated by Conkling, [171].
Dawson, George, Albany Journal, a leading Rep. editor, iii. [414].
Dayton, Jonathan, member Council of Appointment, i. [231].
Dayton, William L., nominated for Vice-President, ii. [229].
Dearborn, Henry, in command on Canadian border, i. [221];
career and character of, [221];
plan of campaign, [221];
failure of, [222];
offers to resign, [222];
further failures, [223];
retires, [223].
De Lamatyr, Gilbert, nominated for prison inspector, 1867, iii. [174];
defeated, [188].
Delegate conventions, beginning of, i. [250];
prototype of modern con., [327], [331].
Democratic national conventions, Chicago, 1864, iii. [107-9];
New York City, 1868, [196-201];
Baltimore, 1872, [287-90];
St. Louis, 1876, [342];
Cincinnati, 1880, [455-9].
Democratic party, organised by Van Buren, i. [349], [350], [365];
its first national con., [391];
opposes U.S. Bank, [393];
triumph of, [396];
sweeps state, 1834, [404].
Again in 1836, ii. [13-14];

first defeat, [29];
defeat, 1840, [45];
recovers state, 1841, [47];
divided into Radicals and Conservatives, [52], [126];
leaders of, [53], [126];
Radicals called Barnburners, [126];
Conservatives called Hunkers, [126];
Seymour unites two factions, [149];
nominated Seymour for gov., 1850, [156];
defeated, [158];
united, 1852, [169-78];
carried state, [178];
again splits into Hunkers and Barnburners, [180-5];
factions called Hards and Softs, [185];
defeated by split, [189];
split continued by repeal of Missouri Compromise, [195];
united again, [232];
Wood captures state con., [257];
Hards yield to Softs, [258];
indorses Buchanan and popular sovereignty, [258].
Democratic peace convention, ii. [354-8];
met at Albany, [354];
Greeley on, [354];
utterances of Seymour, Parker, Clinton, and others, [355-8].
Democratic state conventions, 1861, Syracuse, iii. [16];
1862, Albany, [38];
1863, Albany, [79];
1864, Albany, [101], [117];
1865, Albany, [128];
1866, Albany, [155];
1867, Albany, [178];
1868, Albany, [205];
1869, Syracuse, [226];
1870, Rochester, [230];
1871, Rochester, [269];
1872, Syracuse, [296];
1873, Utica, [308];
1874, Syracuse, [313];
1875, Syracuse, [325-6];
1876, Saratoga, [345-6];
1877, Albany, [378-84];
1878, Syracuse, [392-3];
1879, Syracuse, [418-24];
1880, Syracuse, [449-50];
also Saratoga, [460];
1881, Albany, [484-5];
1882, Syracuse, [487-91].
Denio, Hiram, nominated for Court of Appeals, ii. [184];
character of, [184];
elected, [189].
Dennison, Robert, report on canal, ii. [60-1].
Depew, Chauncey M., nominated for speaker of Assembly, 1863, iii. [53];
withdrawn, [54];
nominated for sec. of state, 1863, [75];
character of, [75];
elected, [83];
beaten for ch'm. of Rep. state con., 1864, [91];
places Greeley in nomination for gov., 1868, [195];
at Rep. state con., 1871, [258-9];
president Lib. Rep. state con., 1872, [296];
nominated for lt.-gov., [297];
defeated, [302];
cand. for U.S. Senate, 1881, [466];
at Blaine's request, [466], note;
choice of majority of Half-breeds, [466];
throws his votes to Platt, [468];
Platt's promise, [468] and note;
sees President about Robertson's appointment, 1881, [473];
cand. for U.S. Senate in Platt's place, [479], [480];
withdraws, [480];
president Rep. state con., 1881, [485].
DeWitt, Simeon, surveys route for canal, i. [242];
estimated cost, [242];
long career as surveyor-general, [321].
Dickinson, Andrew B., career of, ii. [399], note;
appointed by Seward, [399];
reasons for, [400];
criticised by Greeley, [401];
gratitude to Seward, [401], note.
Dickinson, Daniel S., leading Conservative, ii. [53];
ability of, [53];
nominated for lt.-gov., 1840, [54];
defeated, [54];
at Baltimore con., [72];
declined renomination for lt.-gov., [78];
elected to U.S. Senate, [93];
approves compromise of 1850, [152];
wishes to be President, 1852, [169-72];
opposes Seymour's candidacy for gov., [172-3];
afterward supports him, [177];
indorsed by Hunkers, 1853, [183];
ambitious to be President, 1860, [256];
called "Scripture Dick," [257];
character of, [257];
yields to the Softs, [258];
at Charleston con., [276] and note, [278];
attacks Richmond, [302-3];
record as to slavery, [303-4] and note;
hallucination, [304];
speech at state con. of Hards, [324-5];
opposes fusion with Softs, [331].
Sympathy with the South, iii. [4];
speech at Pine street meeting, [4];
patriotic speech at Union Square meeting, [5];
criticised by Southern press, [10];
entertaining speaker, [22];
nominated for atty.-gen., 1861, [23];
elected, [29];
in campaign, 1862, [49];
cand. for U.S. Senate, 1863, [54];
delegate-at-large to Rep. nat. con., 1864, [92];
ambitious to be Vice-President, [94];
opposed by Conservatives, [94];
prefers another to Lincoln for President, [104] and note;
falls into line, [122].
Dillingham, William H., classmate of Talcott, i. [290];
on Talcott's eloquence, [290].
Diven, Alexander S., delegate to People's Union con., 1861, iii. [22];
colonel 107th N.Y. regiment, [22].
Dix, John A., member of Albany Regency, i. [294].
Sec. of state, ii. [1];
early career of, [2];
in war of 1812, [2];
resigns from army, [2];
gifts of, [2];
writes for Argus, [2];
his books, [3];
where educated, [3];
compared with Butler, [3];
superintendent of schools, [4];
elected to U.S. Senate, [93];
a Barnburner, [132];
nominated for gov., 1848, [133], [139];
regret of, [133], note;
defeated, [144];
Seward succeeds him in U.S. Senate, [145];
supports Pierce, 1852, [177], [178], note;
Pierce offers him secretaryship of state, [181], [352];
substitutes it for mission to France, [182], [352];
beaten by intrigue, [182], note;
favoured Crittenden Compromise, [341];
postmaster at New York City, [352];
secretary of treasury, [352-3], note;
historic despatch, [352];
favoured peaceable secession, [353];
resided at White House, [354].
Sympathy with the South, iii. [4];
acts as agent of President, [7];
commissioned major-general, [8];
criticised by Southern press, [10];
suggested for gov., 1862, [37], [49];
one vote for U.S. Senate, 1863, [56], note;
suggested for gov., 1864, [116];
ch'm. Philadelphia con., 1866, [144];
defeated for nomination for gov., [159];
nominated for gov., 1872, [293];
tortuous political course, [294];
Seymour's criticism, [295];
Weed's confidence in, [295];
renominated for gov., 1874, [315];
Seymour charges nepotism, [316];
apathetic managers, [317];
defeated, [319];
nominated for mayor of New York, 1876, [346];
defeated, [350].
Dodge, William E., at peace congress, ii. [350];
delivers peace petition, [381].
Dorn, Robert C., nominated for canal com., 1865, iii. [130];
elected, [135].
Dorsheimer, Philip, on Softs' con., 1854, ii. [198].
Dorsheimer, William, delegate to Lib. Rep. state con., 1872, iii. [296];
nominated for lt.-gov., [313];
character and ability, [314];
Tilden's spokesman at Dem. nat. con., 1876, [342];
cand. for gov., 1876, [345];
renominated for lt.-gov., [346];
cand. for U.S. Senate, 1879, [397];
at Dem. state con., 1879, [421];
begs delegates to reject Robinson, [421];
announces Tarn, will bolt, [422];
ch'm. of Kelly's con., 1879, [424];
nominates Kelly for gov., [424];
ch'm. of Kelly's state con., 1880, [451];
named as del.-at-large to nat. con., [452];
delegation rejected, [458].
Douglas-Bell-Breckenridge fusion, ii. [331];
aided by money, [331-2].
Douglas, Stephen A., denounces Kansas immigrants, ii. [224];
Harriet Beecher Stowe on, [224];
breaks with Buchanan, [246];
Greeley favours him for U.S. senator, [247];
suggested by Republicans for President, [247];
sharp controversy with Davis, [279-80];
nominated for President, [301];
fusion of, [331];
defeated, [333];
criticised by Southern press, iii. [10].
Douglass, Frederick, nominated for sec. of state, ii. [216];
career and character of, [216];
nominated to head Rep. electoral ticket, 1872, iii. [296], note;
elected, [302].
Dowd, William, nominated for mayor of N.Y., 1880, iii. [462];
bitter contest, [462];
supported by Irving Hall, [462];
defeated, [463].
Draper, Simeon, unavailable to stand for gov., ii. [247];
urges Lincoln's renomination, iii. [88];
becomes collector of customs, 1864, [97];
successor appointed, 1865, [131].
Duane, James, in first constitutional con., i. [5];
in Poughkeepsie con., [33];
campaign of 1789, [42];
character and career, [42];
appointed U.S. judge, [44].
Dudley, Charles E., member of Albany Regency, i. [294];
in U.S. Senate, [383];
character of, [383].
Duer, William, in campaign, 1789, i. [42];
career and character of, [42];
in campaign, 1792, [54].
Duer, William A., son of William, i. [42], note
Duer, William A., son of William A., friend of President Fillmore, ii. [155].
Dusenberre, George H., nominated for gov., 1875, iii. [326];
defeated, [331].
Earl, Robert, nominated for judge of Court of Appeals, 1869, iii. [226];
elected, [227];
renominated, 1876, [346];
elected, [350].
Editors, leading Democratic, 1865-80, iii. [420].
Editors, leading Republican, 1880, iii. [413-4].
Edson, Franklin, nominated for mayor of N.Y., 1882, iii. [498];
elected, [498].
Election frauds, 1866, iii. [175];
sudden increase in naturalization, 1866, [175];
state carried by fraud, 1868, [215-8];
practised in 1867, [187-8];
in 1870, [242].
Election of U.S. senators, influence of money, iii. [221];
Conkling's testimony, [170].
Electoral Commission, iii. [352];
preceded by civil war spirit, [351-2];
rule insisted upon by two parties, [352];
com. made up, [353];
bill passed by Dem. votes, [355].
Ellicott, Joseph, resigns as canal commissioner, i. [261].
Elmendorff, Lucas, removed Clinton from mayoralty, i. [231].
Ely, Alfred, in Congress, ii. [339], note;
disapproves Weed's compromise, [339], note.
Ely, Smith, nominated for mayor of N.Y., 1876, iii. [346];
elected, [350].
Emancipation, opposition to, iii. [17], [18], [34], [37], [76].
Embargo, ordered by Jefferson, i. [163];
opposed by the Clintons, [165], [168], [171];
by Van Vechten and Cady, [169];
defended by German and Sanford, [170-1], [174];
repeal of, [179].
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, influence of attack on Fort Sumter, iii. [3].
Emmet, Robert, son of Thomas Addis Emmet, i. [357];
sent to Assembly 1827, [357];
ch'm. Rep. nat. con., 1856, ii. [232];
on Seward, [232].
Emmet, Thomas Addis, brother of Robert Emmet, i. [183];
his coming to America, [183-4];
attorney-general, [213];
removed, [213];
request in Clinton's behalf, [221];
resents Clinton's removal as canal commissioner, [329].
England, cause of trouble with America, i. [2].
English, William H., nominated for Vice President, 1880, iii. [457];
defeated, [463].
Equal Rights party, history of, ii. [16].
Erie canal, early views and surveys of, i. [241-3];
discouragements, [242];
no help from Congress, [243];
Tompkins does not favour, [246];
opposed by Tammany, [251];
supported by Van Buren, [251];
bill passed, [251];
sentiment in its favour, [252];
work on, began, [252];
its progress, [253];
Tammany's opposition silenced, [261-2];
opened between Utica and Rome, [327];
Utica and Montezuma, [327];
opening of in 1825, [345].
Seward on, ii. 34-5-6;
cost of, 1862, [36];
policy of enlargement, [49-50];
Dems. divided, [52];
stop and tax law of 1842, [54];
estimated and actual cost of, [60];
Seymour's prophecy, [63-4];
how affected by constitution of 1846, [107-9];
nine million loan unconstitutional, [163];
constitution amended, [183];
loan of ten and one-half millions, [183-4];
boast of Whigs, [188].
Disclosures of fraud, 1867, iii. [174], [182-4];
aids defeats of Rep. party, [182];
Tilden's message against canal ring, [321];
colossal frauds, [322];
investigating com. appointed, [323];
prosecutions, [323].
Evarts, William M., at Chicago con., 1861, ii. [283];
presents Seward's name, [288];
moved to make Lincoln's nomination unanimous, [289];
witty remark to Curtis, [289];
letter to Lincoln, [349], note;
candidate for U.S. Senate, [361];
career and gifts of, [361-2];
work at Chicago, [362];
contest for senator, [363-5];
forces went to Harris, [363-5], note.
Acts as agent of the President, iii. [7];
proposed for gov., 1876, [336];
in campaign of 1879, [425];
criticised, [425].
Evershed, Thomas, nominated for state eng., 1881, iii. [484];
defeated, [486].
Fairchild, Charles S., nominated for atty.-gen., 1874, iii. [326];
elected, [331];
fine record, [380];
opposed for renomination, [380];
defeated, [384].
Fairman, Charles G., Elmira Advertiser, a leading Rep. editor, iii. [414].
Farrington, Thomas, defeated for atty.-gen., ii. [92].
Fay, John D., nominated for canal com., 1870, iii. [231];
elected, [244].
"Featherhead," title applied to Half-breeds, iii. [482].
Federalists, "high-minded," who composed them, i. [273];
oppose Clinton's re-election, 1820, [279];
declared Federal party dissolved, [279].
Federalist, The, written largely by Hamilton, i. [32];
its influence, [32].
Federalists, The, alarmed at delay of ratification of Federal Constitution, i. [35];
reasons for, [35];
organisation of party, [38];
nominate Yates for gov., [38];
counted out, [56];
anger of, [59-60];
elect Jay gov., [65];
re-elect him, [82];
lose New York, 1800, [91];
indorse Burr for President, [101];
refuse to read the Declaration of Independence, [176];
support Clinton for President, 1812, [202-8];
oppose war of 1812, [219-30];
favour a New England confederacy, [227-8];
support Clinton for gov., 1817, [247], [252];
get no appointments, [255];
aid Clinton's choice for speaker, [258];
King predicts party split, [259];
controlled by Clinton, [267];
sons of Hamilton and King declare party dissolved, [279-80].
Fellows, Henry, dishonest treatment of, i. [256].
Fellows, John R., early career, iii. [459];
eloquent speaker, [459];
follower of Tilden, [459];
at Dem. nat. con., 1880, [459];
part in spectacular reconciliation, [459].
Fenton, Reuben E., at birth of Rep. party, ii. [211];
career and character of, [212];
re-elected to Congress, [242].
Character and appearance, iii. [115-6];
record and service, [115-6];
nominated for gov., 1864, [117];
conducts strong campaign, [125];

elected, [125];
renominated, 1866, [151];
opposed by formidable combination, [165];
Seward predicted his defeat, [166];
elected, [165];
acceptability of, [192];
aspires to vice presidency, 1868, [192];
defeated, [193];
candidate for U.S. Senate, 1869, [220];
strength and popularity, [220];
charged with graft, [221];
elected, [222];
influence with Grant, [232];
relations severed, [232];
opposes Murphy's confirmation, 1870, [235];
contest with Conkling, [234-5];
renewed at Rep. state con., 1870, [235];
overconfident, [236];
defeated, [236];
inactive in campaign, [241];
his organisation crushed, 1871, [250-63];
its representatives secede from con., 1871, [264];
assemble as a separate body, [264];
joins Lib. Rep. movement, [283];
first to appear at nat. con., [283];
organises for Greeley's nomination, [283];
attended Lib. Rep. state con., 1872, [296];
on com. to confer with Dems., [296];
ready to support Church for gov., 1874, [312].
Field, David D., a Barnburner, ii. [131];
at Utica con., [131];
family of, [244];
code of civil procedure, [244];
candidate for U.S. Senate, [244];
defeated, [244];
delegate to peace congress, [350];
on com. on res., [358];
opposed change in constitution, [359];
controversy over, [359].
Support for U.S. Senate, 1863, iii. [55];
prefers another candidate than Lincoln for President, [104].
Field, Maunsell B., Chase desires him for asst. U.S. treas., iii. [95];
leads to Chase's resignation, [96].
Fillmore, Millard, youth and career of, i. [371];
a Weed lieutenant, [372];
less faithful than Seward to Weed, [379].
Defeated for U.S. Senate, ii. [38];
nominated for gov., 1844, [79-80];
compared with Wright, [80-1];
confident of election, [88];
defeated, [89];
elected state comp., [127];
nominated for Vice President, 1848, [137-8];
elected, [143];
breaks with Weed, [148];
becomes President, [151];
approves the fugitive slave law, [151-2];
opposes Seward's indorsement, [153];
Fish on, [166];
not nominated for President, [166-8];
career after defeat, [168-9];
nominated for President by Americans, [238];
indorsed by old-line Whigs, [238];
condemned Rep. party, [238];
defeated, [242];
helped Buchanan's election, [242];
criticised by Southern press, iii. [10].
Financial crisis, cause of, 1837, ii. [16-20].
Finch, Francis M., nominated judge of Court of Appeals, 1881, iii. [485];
elected, [486].
Fish, Hamilton, nominated for lt.-gov., 1846, ii. [118];
defeated, [120];
elected lt.-gov., 1847, [128];
nominated for gov., 1848, [139];
popularity of, [139];
career of, [140];
elected gov., [144];
elected U.S. senator, [162];
on Fillmore, [166];
relations with Conkling, [243];
not returned to U.S. Senate, [243];
approves Weed's compromise, [338];
attends Saratoga con., 1866, iii. [144].
Fish, Nicholas, nominated for lt.-gov., i. [173];
father of Hamilton Fish, [173];
character of, [173];
popularity of, [185];
defeated for lt.-gov., [185].
Fitch, Charles E., editor of Rochester Democrat-Chronicle, iii. [376];
character as a writer, [376];
deprecates Conkling's attack on Curtis, [376];
Conkling's retort, [376];
a leading Rep. editor, [414].
Flagg, Azariah, member of Albany Regency, i. [294];
member of Assembly, [325];
career and character of, [326];
appearance, [326];
opposes election of presidential electors, [326];
insists on Yates' renomination, [326].
Comp. of state, ii. [52];
leader of Radicals, [58];
against Seymour for speaker, [90];
re-elected comp., [92].
Flower, Roswell P., presented for gov., 1882, iii. [488];
early career, [488-9];
supported by anti-Tilden leaders, [489];
distrusted by Manning, [489];
associated with Jay Gould, [489];
contest with Slocum, [491];
defeated, [496].
Folger, Charles G., character of, iii. [77];
approves emancipation, [77];
favours postponing Rep. nat. con., 1864, [88];
aspires to the U.S. Senate, 1867, [166];
nominated for chief judge of Court of Appeals, 1880, [460];
elected, [463];
appointed sec. of treas., 1881, [486];
nominated for gov., 1882, [494];
bad methods used, [495];
not suspected of complicity, [496];
advised to decline, [496];
dissuaded by Stalwarts, [496];
pathetic appeal, [497];
pure and useful life crushed by defeat, [498].
Foote, Ebenezer, resents methods of Council, i. [120-1];
character of, [120];
Ambrose Spencer on, [120].
Ford, Elijah, nominated for lt.-gov. by the Hards, ii. [203];
ran ahead of ticket, [203].
Forrest, David P., nominated for prison insp., 1864, iii. [117];
elected, [125].
Fort Niagara, captured by British, i. [224];
Morgan left in magazine of, [359].
Fort, Daniel G., nominated for state treas., 1873, iii. [308];
defeated, [309].
Fort Sumter, relief of, iii. [1];
bombardment, [2];
surrender of, [3].
Foster, Henry A., character of, ii. [53];
leading conservative, [59];
president of State Senate, [59];
formidable in debate, [63].
Foster, John W., opinion of Jay's treaty of 1795, i. [67].
Foster, William Edward, Buffalo Commercial, a leading Rep. editor, iii. [414].
Fowler, Isaac V., defalcation as postmaster, ii. [352], note.
Fowler, John Walker, brother of Isaac V., absconds with trust funds, ii. [352], note.
France, threatens war, i. [81-2];
preparations to resist by the United States, [83-4].
Francis, John M., Troy Times, a leading Rep. editor, iii. [414].
Franklin, Walter, father of DeWitt Clinton's wife, i. [183].
Free-soil Movement, principles proclaimed, ii. [127];
see [Barnburners].
Fremont, John C., nominated for President, ii. [228-9];
defeated, [241];
nominated for President at Cleveland con., 1864, iii. [92];
withdraws, [120].
French, Stephen B., a friend of Arthur, iii. [493];
efforts to defeat Cornell's renomination, [493];
obtains proxy by unmoral methods, [493], note;
principal cause of Folger's defeat, [498].
Fry, James B., account of New York draft-riot, iii. [69];
influence of Seymour, [69];
dilatoriness of Seymour, [70];
draft completed, [71].
Frye, William P., U.S. senator from Maine, iii. [471];
on Robertson's appointment, [471];
on Conkling's resignation, [478], note.
Fuller, Philo C., career and character of, i. [371];
a Weed lieutenant, [371];
clerk in Wadsworth's office, [371].
Fulton, Robert, history of steam navigation, i. [74-7];
associated with R.R. Livingston, [77].
Furman, Gabriel, nominated for lt.-gov., 1842, ii. [52];
character of, [52];
defeated, [55].
Fusion ticket, 1860, ii. [331-2];
money given for it, [332-3].
Gallagher, Frank B., nominated for prison insp., 1866, iii. [159];
defeated, [165].
Ganson, John, delegate to Dem. nat. con., 1864, iii. [108].
Gardiner, Addison, nominated for lt.-gov., ii. [78];
career and character of, [78], [233];
Weed's friendship for, [78];
elected, [89];
renominated for lt.-gov., [116];
elected, [120];
on Court of Appeals, [128];
gave way to Parker for gov., [233-4].
Garfield, James A., nominated for President, 1880, iii. [441];
ignored by Nast, [461];
brands "Morey letter" a forgery, [462];
elected, [463];
invites Conkling to Mentor, 1881, [468];
nominates five Stalwarts, [469];
also Robertson for collector, Mar. 23, [469];
reports and theories, [469-71];
efforts to defeat it, [473-6];
resignation of Conkling and Platt, May 13, [476];
assassin's act, July 2, [480];
death deplored, [485].
Garrison, Cornelius K., delegate to seceding states, ii. [351-2].
Garrison, William Lloyd, meets Lundy, ii. [5];
early career of, [5-10].
Gates, Theodore B., nominated for state treas., 1867, iii. [174];
defeated, [188].
German, Obadiah, leader of Assembly, i. [149];
charges Purdy with bribery, [149], [190];
gifts and character of, [170];
defends embargo, [170], [174];
career of, [170];
in U.S. Senate, [170];
supports Clinton for President, [202];
becomes speaker, [258-9];
resents attacks on Clinton, [266];
manner of speaking, [266].
Gerrymander of legislature, iii. [397-8].
Gettysburg, battle of, iii. [66];
Seymour sends troops, [66].
Godkin, E.L., a vice president of Lib. Rep. meeting, iii. [282];
opposes Greeley's nomination and supports Grant, [286].
Godwin, Parke, presents platform to Rep. state con., 1862, iii. [45];
preferred Lincoln's withdrawal, 1864, [104];
a vice president at Lib. Rep. meeting, 1872, [282];
opposes Greeley's nomination, [286];
supports Grant, [286].
Goodsell, J. Platt, nominated for State eng., 1865, iii. [130];
elected, [135].
Gould, Jay, bondsman for Tweed, iii. [247];
aids in Cornell's defeat, 1882, [493].
Governor, candidates for,
George Clinton, 1777, i. [21];
1780, 1783, 1786, [37];
1789, [44];
1792, [50];
1801, [115];
Robert Yates, 1789, [38];
1795, [64];
John Jay, 1792, [50];
1795, [64];
1798, [82];
Stephen Van Rensselaer, 1801, [115];
Aaron Burr, 1804, [131];
Morgan Lewis, 1804, [136];
1807, [161];
Daniel D. Tompkins, 1807, [155];
1810, [173];
1813, [223];
1816, [236];
1820, [274];
Jonas Platt, 1810, [173];
Stephen Van Rensselaer, 1813, [213];
Rufus King, 1816, [236];
DeWitt Clinton, 1817, [250];
1820, [279];
1824, [330];
1826, [350];
Peter B. Porter, 1817, [251];
Joseph G. Yates, 1822, [312];
Solomon Southwick, 1822, [316];
1828, [364];
Samuel Young 1824, [327];
William B. Rochester, 1826, [350];
Martin Van Buren, 1828, [364];
Smith Thompson, 1828, [362];
Enos T. Throop, 1830, [376];
Francis Granger, 1830, [376];
1832, [393];
William L. Marcy, 1832, [394];
1834, [403].
William L. Marcy, 1836, ii. [11];
1838, [22];
William H. Seward, 1834, i. [402];
1838, ii. [19];
1840, [42];
Jesse Buel, 1836, [12];
William C. Bouck, 1840, [54];
1842, [54];
Luther Bradish, 1842, [51];
Silas Wright, 1844, [78];
1846, [115];
Millard Fillmore, 1844, [79];
Alvan Stewart, 1844, [82];
John Young, 1846, [118];
Hamilton Fish, 1848, [139];
John A. Dix, 1848, [133];
Reuben H. Walworth, 1848, [134];
William L. Chaplin, 1850, [156];
Horatio Seymour, 1850, [156];
1852, [172];
1854, [197];
Washington Hunt, 1850, [154];
1852, [173];
Myron H. Clark, 1854, [199];
Greene C. Bronson, 1854, [196];
Daniel Ullman, 1854, [202];
Amasa J. Parker, 1856, [232];
1858, [249];
Erastus Brooks, 1856, [238];
John A. King, 1856, [236];
Edwin D. Morgan, 1858, [248];
1860, [328];
Lorenzo Burrows, 1858, [249];
William Kelley, 1860, [326];
James T. Brady, 1860, [325].
Horatio Seymour, Dem., 1862, iii. [38];
James S. Wadsworth, Rep., 1862, [45];
Horatio Seymour, Dem., 1864, [117];
Reuben E. Fenton, Rep., 1864, [116];
Reuben E. Fenton, Rep., 1866, [150];
John T. Hoffman, Dem., 1866, [159];
John T. Hoffman, Dem., 1868, [206];
John A. Griswold, Rep., 1868, [195];
John T. Hoffman, Dem., 1870, [230];
Stewart L. Woodford, Rep., 1870, [238];
John A. Dix, Rep., 1872, [293];
Francis Kernan, Dem., 1872, [297];
Samuel J. Tilden, Dem., 1874, [313];
John A. Dix, Rep., 1874, [315];
Myron H. Clark, Pro., 1874, [316];
Lucius Robinson, Dem., 1876, [346];
Edwin D. Morgan, Rep., 1876, [338];
Richard M. Griffin, Greenback, 1876, [346];
Albert J. Groo, Pro., 1876, [346];
Harris Lewis, Nat., 1879, [412];
John W. Mears, Pro., 1879, [412];
Alonzo B. Cornell, Rep., 1879, [416];
Lucius Robinson, Dem., 1879, [424];
John Kelly, Tam., 1879, [424];
Grover Cleveland, Dem., 1882, [491];
Charles J. Folger, Rep., 1882, [494].
Governor, stepping stone to President, i. [80];
compared with United States senator, [364].
Governor, powers under Constitution of 1777, i. [10].
Governors, names and service of,
George Clinton, 1777-95, i. [21], [37], [44];
John Jay, 1795-1801, [64], [82];
George Clinton, 1801-4, [60], [115];
Morgan Lewis, 1804-7, [136], [161];
Daniel D. Tompkins, 1807-17, [155], [173], [223], [236];
DeWitt Clinton, 1817-23, [250], [279];
Joseph G. Yates, 1823-5, [312];
DeWitt Clinton, 1825-8, [330-350];
Nathaniel Pitcher (acting), 1828-9, [366];
Martin Van Buren, 1829, [364];
Enos T. Throop, 1829-33, [366], [376];
William L. Marcy, 1833-9, [394], [403].
William L. Marcy, ii. [11];
William H. Seward, 1839-43, [19], [42];
William C. Bouck, 1843-5, [54];
Silas Wright, 1845-7, [78];
John Young, 1847-9, [118];
Hamilton Fish, 1849-51, [139];
Washington Hunt, 1851-3, [154];
Horatio Seymour, 1853-5, [172];
Myron H. Clark, 1855-7, [199];
John A. King, 1857-9, [236];
Edwin D. Morgan, 1859-63, [248], [328].
Horatio Seymour, 1863-5, iii. [38];
Reuben E. Fenton, 1865-9, [116], [151];
John T. Hoffman, 1869-1873, [205-7], [230-1];
John A. Dix, 1873-5, [293];
Samuel J. Tilden, 1875-7, [313];
Lucius Robinson, 1877-9, [345-6];
Alonzo B. Cornell, 1880-3, [412-8];
Grover Cleveland, 1883-5, [488-91].
Grace, William Russell, character of, iii. [460];
nominated for mayor of N.Y., [461];
elected, [463].
Graham, Theodore V.W., removed as recorder, i. [179].
Granger, Francis, nominated for Assembly, i. [358];
Weed on, [361];
Seward on, [361], note;

career of, [361];
opponent of John C. Spencer, [361];
dress, appearance, and manners of, [361], and note;
defeated for nomination for gov., [368];
nominated lt.-gov., [368];
defeated, [368];
nominated for gov. by Anti-Masons, 1830, [376];
indorsed by Nat. Reps., [376];
a great mistake, [377];
defeated, [377];
nominated for gov., 1832, [393];
reason for defeat, [396];
elected to Congress, 1834, [402], [404];
Seward on, [404].
Defeated for nomination for gov., 1838, ii. [19-21];
continued in Congress, [47];
postmaster-general, [154];
left Congress, 1843, [154];
in Utica con., [153];
ally of Fillmore, [154];
leads Silver-Grays' secession, [155];
delegate to peace congress, [350];
friendship with Weed renewed, [350].
Granger, Gideon, member of Madison cabinet, i. [202];
supports DeWitt Clinton for President, [202];
character and career of, [202];
father of Francis, [360].
Grant, Ulysses S., favoured for President, 1864, iii. [93];
gives no encouragement, [93];
favours Lincoln's election, [120];
reports upon Southern sentiment, 1865, [136];
unpopularity with radical Reps., [190];
quarrels with Johnson, [191];
taken up by Reps., [191];
endorsed by Rep. state con. 1868, [191];
nominated for President, [192];
elected, [215];
fails to carry New York, [215];
evidences of fraud in election, [215-8];
adm. criticised, [276-81];
renominated, 1872, [292];
elected, [302];
severely criticised, [317];
talk of a third term, 1874, [317];
his letter ends it, 1875, [329];
renewed on his return from abroad, [428];
an active candidate, [428];
gets fifty votes from N.Y., [441];
defeated, [442];
the faithful, [306], [442].
Graves, Ezra, nominated for prison insp., 1872, iii. [296];
elected, [302];
renominated, 1874, [315];
defeated, [319].
Gray, David, Buffalo Courier, a leading Dem. editor, iii. [420].
Greeley, Horace, edits the Jeffersonian, ii. [26];
early career of, [26];
came to N.Y., 1821, [26];
political conditions, [27];
first meeting with Weed, [28];
gifts of, [29];
relations with Weed, [32];
failed of election to constitutional con., 1846, [105];
chafes under Weed's control, [116];
elected to Congress, 1848, [138];
assails Castle Garden meeting, [157];
at Anti-Nebraska con., [194];
wants to be gov., [198];
appeals to Weed, [198], note;
offended at Raymond's nomination, [199], [200];
favoured a Rep. party, 1854, [200];
at birth of Rep. party, 1855, [213];
active in 1856, [240];
favours Douglas for U.S. senator, [247];
dislike of Seward, [247];
at Chicago con., [286];
Seward and Weed think him faithful, [284], note, [286], note;
for Bates for President, [287];
jubilant over Seward's defeat, [289-90];
reply to Raymond, [308-9];
demands his letter of 1854, [310];
publishes it, [311-17];
character of campaign, 1860, [332];
peaceable secession, [335-6];
"no compromise" theory, [343];
defeated for U.S. Senate, [363-5], note;
reasons for, [365], note;
Tribune on, [366];
persistent office-seeker, [366];
charges Seward with favouring Weed's compromise, [380], [382];
criticised Seward's appointments, [399];
as to Dickinson, [398], [401];
relations with Lincoln not cordial, [402-3].
On Scott's insincerity, iii. [11], note;
heads radical anti-slavery sentiment, [14];
prayer of twenty millions, [35];
his force, [36];
contest with Bennett, [36];
favours Wadsworth, [44];
ambition for U.S. Senate, 1863, [54];
tries to defeat Morgan, [56];
Seymour's complicity in draft-riot, [69];
at Rep. state con., 1863, [75];
qualities as a party leader, [75], note;
susceptible to flattery, [75], note;
favours postponing Rep. nat. con., 1864, [89];
preferred Chase, Fremont, or Grant to Lincoln, [89];
failure of his leadership, [91], note;
yearns for peace, 1864, [102];
visits Confederates at Niagara Falls, [102];
authority from Lincoln, [102];
encourages substitution of another candidate for Lincoln, [104];
nominated for elector-at-large, [117];
elected, [125];
yields to an offer of office, [126];
favours negro suffrage, [128];
lion of Rep. state con., 1866, [150];
aspires to U.S. Senate, 1867, [166];
wants to be gov., 1868, [193];
way seems to be open, [194];
great applause when presented, [195];
received small vote, [195];
reasons for it, [196];
named for state comp., 1869, [226];
defeated, [227];
wants to be gov., 1870, [237];
opposed as in 1868, [237];
reasons for defeat, [238];
laments removal of Fenton men, [250];
resents efforts to crush his machine, 1871, [251-6];
attacks Conkling, [257];
replies to Conkling's con. speech, [263-4];
his organisation defeated, [263];
reasons for joining Lib. Reps., [281-2];
suggested for President, 1872, [283];
opposition to, [283];
writes platform of party, [284];
nominated, [285];
endorsed by Dems., [289];
defeated, [302];
pathetic ending of his life, [303];
buried like a conqueror, [304].
Green, Andrew H., appointed deputy city comp., iii. [247];
estimate of Tweed Ring's plunder, [248].
Green, Beriah, early abolitionist, ii. [7].
Green, George C., del. to Kelly's state con., 1880, and named as del.-at-large to Dem. nat. con., iii. [452];
refused admission, [457];
part in spectacular reconciliation, [458].
Greenback Party, organization of, 1876, iii. [346];
meet at Syracuse, [346];
second con., 1876, [346];
con. of, 1877, [384];
smallness of its vote, [389];
united with labor reform party, [389];
issues call for a Nat. con., [389];
see [Nat. Green.-Lab. Reform party].
Greenback Labour party, state con., Albany, 1882, iii. [487].
Griffin, Richard M., nominated for gov., 1876, iii. [346];
defeated, [350].
Grinnell, Moses H., at Anti-Nebraska con., ii. [194];
declined nomination for gov., 1856, [234];
career and character of, [234-5];
approves Weed's compromise, [338].
Acts as agent of the President, iii. [7];
urges Lincoln's renomination, [88];
secedes from Rep. state con., 1871, [264];
meets with a separate body, [264].
Griswold, John A., elected to Congress, iii. [125];
character and services of, [125];
changes his party, [126];
nominated for gov., 1868, [193];
defeated, [215];
evidences of fraud in election, [215-8];
declines to oppose Morgan for U.S. Senate, [220].
Groesbeck, William S., candidate in opposition to Greeley, 1872, iii. [289].
Groo, Albert J., nominated for gov., 1876, iii. [346];
defeated, [350].
Gross, Ezra C., gifts of, i. [358];
eloquence of, [358];
death of, [358].
Grover, Martin, nominated for judge court of Appeals, 1865, iii. [129];
defeated, [135];
renominated, 1867, [179];
elected, [187].
Gumbleton, Henry A., clerk of N.Y. county, iii. [418];
removed from office, [418].
Habeas corpus, suspension of, iii. [16], [24], [27], [58].
Hagner, Henry, nominated for sec. of state, 1877, iii. [384];
defeated, [387].
Haight, Jacob, treas. of state, ii. [36].
Hale, Daniel, removed as sec. of state, i. [179].
Hale, Matthew, bitterly opposed third-term, iii. [429].
"Half-breeds," title of faction in Rep. party, 1880, iii. [437].
Hall, A. Oakey, known as "elegant Oakey," iii. [177];
"without ballast," [177];
good speaker, [177];
versifier, [177];
tortuous political career, [177];
succeeds Hoffman as mayor, [177];
tried and not convicted, [247], note;
served his term as mayor, [247].
Hall, Willis, atty.-gen., ii. [36];
character of, [37].
Halleck, Fitz-Greene, Tam. song, i. [182].
Hamilton, early life of, i. [3];
speech at age of seventeen, [3];
compared with William Pitt, [3];
association with Washington, [25];
at Yorktown, [26];
Washington on, [26];
admitted to the bar, [26];
defends Tories, [26];
opposes Clinton, [26];
collection of duties by Congress, [27-8];
at Annapolis, [29];
revision of Articles of Confederation, [29];
reasons for Clinton's opposition, [29];
del. to amend Articles, [29];
his plan, [31];
supports Madison's plan, [31];
signs Federal Constitution, [31];
Clinton reproves him, [31];
ratification of Constitution, [31];
eloquence and influence of, [31-6];
fear of disunion, [35];
hears from Virginia and New Hampshire, [35];
criticism of Clinton, [36];
on Robert Yates for gov., [38-40];
failure of coalition, [44];
control of Federal patronage, [44];
sec. of the treasury, [44];
first meeting with Burr, [45];
opinion of Washington, [46];
legend as to Burr and, [46];
opposed by R.R. Livingston, [48];
reasons for it, [48];
defeat of Schuyler, [49];
Jay's nomination for gov., [50];
assumption of state debts, [53];
Jay's renomination for gov., [65];
Jay's treaty with England, [65-6];
assaulted by a mob, [65];
election of Apr., 1800, [90];
Alien-Sedition laws, [90];
meets Burr at the polls, [91];
courtesy of, [91];
style of oratory, [91];
Root's opinion of, [91];
party defeated, [91];
election of presidential electors, [92];
breaks with Adams, [94];
reason for, [94];
ugly letter opposing Adams, [96];
prefers Jefferson to Adams, [96];
great mistake, [97];
urges Federalists to oppose Burr, [99-101];
hoped DeWitt Clinton would become a Federalist, [108];
earnings as a lawyer, [132];
Spencer's estimate of, [132];
Root's estimate of, [132];
argues Croswell case, [132];
Kent's opinion of, [132-3];
prefers Lansing to Burr, [133-5];
Burr, a leader of secession, [134];
disapproves disunion, [134];
Lansing's withdrawal, [136];
Burr's challenge, [139-40];
an imperious custom, [140-1];
his defence for fighting, [141];
duel and death, [142-3];
profound sorrow, [143];
his career had he lived, [143];
charters United States Bank, [186].
Hammond, John, nominated for prison insp., 1866, iii. [152];
elected, [165].
Hammond, John M., nominated for canal com., 1867, iii. [174];
defeated, [188].
Hampton, Wade, in command at Plattsburgh, i. [224];
character and fitness of, [224];
failure of, [224];
resigns, [224].
Hancock, Winfield S., aspires to be President, iii. [197];
his training, [197];
nominated for President, 1880, [457];
defeated, [463].
Hards, name of Dem. faction, ii. [185];
successors to the Hunkers, [185];
why so called, [185];
ticket defeated, 1853, [189];
repeal of the Missouri Compromise, [195];
nominate Bronson for gov., [196];
defeated, [203];
refused to rejoin Softs, [209];
stand with South, [210];
welcomed at Nat. con., [226-8];
unite with Softs, [232];
hold a separate state con., [324];
Brady nominated for gov., [325];
defeated, [333].
Hard times of 1837, cause and result of, ii. [16-20];
Van Buren's statesmanship, [41].
Harris, Ira, career and character of, ii. [117], [390];
on Supreme Court, [117];
in Assembly, [117];
in constitutional con., 1846, [117];
supported Young for gov., [118];
elected U.S. senator, [365];
appearance and ability of, [390];
associates of, [390];
with Sumner and Collamer, [390];
question of patronage, [390], [396].
Sustains Seward, iii. [84];
seeks re-election to U.S. Senate, 1867, [166];
wise and safe legislator, [166];
Lincoln's joke, [166];
defeated by Conkling, [171];
resents removal of Sumner, [278].
Harrison, Richard, member of Poughkeepsie con., i. [33];
U.S. atty., [44];
ability of, [44].
Harrison, William Henry, candidate of northern Whigs, 1836, ii. [11];
nominated for President, 1840, [40];
elected, [45].
Hart, Ephraim, friend of DeWitt Clinton, i. [261];
defeated for canal com., [261].
Harvard University, Rufus King a graduate of, i. [270].
Haskin, John B., in Congress, ii. [339], note;
disapproves Weed's compromise, [339], note;
del. to Kelly's state con., 1880, iii. [451];
proposes plank on Tilden, [452].
Hatch, Roswell D., member of Com. of Seventy, iii. [268];
activity in reform, 1871, [268].
Havermeyer, Henry, dispatches to, sent by Marble, 1876, iii. [350].
Havermeyer, William F., served two terms as mayor, iii. [299];
character of, [299];
renominated, 1872, [299];
elected, [302];
death, [314];
a good record, [318].
Hawley, Gideon, state supt. of schools, i. [288];
record of, [288];
dismissal of, [288].
Hayes, Rutherford B., nominated for President, 1876, iii. [334];
letter of acceptance, [344];
declared elected, [350];
efforts to reform civil service, [360];
opposition, [361];
advocates hard money, [391];
nominates successors to Arthur and Cornell, 1877, [399];
reasons for, [399], [402];
Conkling's criticism of, [402-3];
appointees defeated, [404-5];
suspends Arthur and Cornell, 1878, [406];
reason for, [406];
their successors confirmed, [409].
Headley, Joel T., career and character of, ii. [215];
writer of biography, [215];
nominated for sec. of state, [215];
elected, [218].
Heenan, John C., "the Benicia Boy," ii. [257];
backs Wood in his capture of state con., [257].
Henry, John V., removed from comptrollership, i. [117];
resents methods of Council, [119];
character of, [119].
Hepburn, A. Barton, nominated for congressman-at-large, 1882, iii. [494];
declined to accept, [495].
Hewitt, Abram S., ch'm. Dem. nat. con., 1876, iii. [349];
management of, [349];
informs Tilden of Electoral Com., [354];
relied upon Davis being fifth judge, [356];
uses "Morey letter," 1880, with great force, [462];
an organiser of the County Democracy, [484].

Higgins, Frank W., promoted from lt.-gov. to gov., i. [180].
Hildreth, Matthias B., appointed atty.-gen., i. [179];
death of, [213].
Hill, David B., promoted from lt.-gov. to gov., i. [180];
ch'm. state con., 1877, iii. [380];
early career, [381];
character and ability, [381];
aids Tilden, [381];
hesitates to rule against Kelly, [382];
in con., 1879, [420];
elected lt.-gov., 1882, [498].
Hill, Nicholas, ability of, ii. [390].
Hillhouse, Thomas, nominated for state comp., 1865, iii. [130];
elected, [135];
renominated, 1867, [187];
defeated, [187];
renominated, 1869, [225];
withdraws from ticket, [225].
Hiscock, Frank, attended Lib. Rep. state con., 1872, iii. [296];
on com. to confer with Dems., [296];
suggested for gov., 1879, [414];
early career and character, [415].
Hitchman, William, elected speaker of Assembly, 1869, iii. [224];
controlled by Tweed, [224];
re-elected, 1870, [228].
Hoadley, George, joins Lib. Rep. movement, iii. [283];
opposes Greeley's nomination, [283].
Hobart, John Sloss, member first constitutional con., i. [5];
judge Supreme Court, [16];
at Hartford con., [28];
member Poughkeepsie con., [33];
retired from Supreme Court, [68];
elected to U.S. Senate, [70].
Hoffman, James O., recorder of N.Y., i. [179].
Hoffman, John T., life and character of, iii. [156], [157], [164];
offices held, [157], [177];
nominated for gov., 1866, [159];
active in campaign, [164];
makes good impression, [164];
loyalty impeached, [164];
defeated, [165];
ch'm. Dem. state con., 1867, [179];
favours U.S. bonds paid in gold, [180];
receives complimentary votes for President, 1868, [198];
nominated for gov., 1868, [205];
Nast's cartoons, [210];
proclamation as mayor, 1868, [214];
elected, [215];
evidence of fraud, [215-8];
approves Tweed charter, [229];
also Erie railroad legislation, [230];
appoints Tweed judges to general term, [230];
criticised severely, [230];
renominated, 1870, [231];
Nast's cartoon on repeaters, [242];
attacks resented, [243];
elected, [244];
del.-at-large to Dem. nat. con., 1872, [287];
declines to be candidate for gov., 1872, [297];
con. approves his administration, [298];
in retirement, [299];
death, [299].
Hoffman, Josiah Ogden, leads Federalists, i. [61];
removed as atty.-gen., [117].
Hoffman, Michael, leading Radical, ii. [52];
career and character of, [52-3];
defeated for speaker, [59];
power in debate, [63];
constitutional con., 1846, [97-9];
in constitutional con., [103];
state indebtedness, [107-9];
Weed on, [108].
Hoffman, Ogden, son of Josiah Ogden Hoffman, i. [357];
eloquence of, [357];
sent to Assembly, [358];
criminal lawyer, [358];
nominated for atty.-gen., ii. [187];
gifts of, [188];
Greeley on, [188].
Holley, Orville L., surveyor-general, ii. [18], [36].
Hopkins, Nelson K., nominated for state comp., 1871, iii. [264];
elected, [275];
renominated, 1873, [308];
endorsed by Liberals, [309];
elected, [309].
Hoskins, George G., nominated for lt.-gov., 1879, iii. [416];
elected, [427].
Howe, Epenetus, nominated for gov., 1882, iii. [487];
defeated, [498].
Howland, Joseph, nominated for state treas., 1865, iii. [130];
elected, [135].
Hoyt, Stephen T., nominated for canal com., 1866, iii. [152];
elected, [165];
renominated, 1869, [226];
defeated, [227].
Hubbard, Ruggles, member of Council, i. [231];
attachment for Clinton, [234];
character of, [235].
Hudson River Valley, attracts New Englanders, i. [81].
Hughes, Charles, nominated for clerk of Court of Appeals, 1862, iii. [45], note;
defeated, [51].
Hulburd, Calvin T., nominated for state comp., 1867, iii. [174];
defeated, [188].
Humphrey, James, congressman, ii. [338], note;
attacks Weed's compromise, [338], note.
Hunkers, Democratic faction so called, ii. [126];
leaders of, [126-7];
Barnburners secede from, [127];
lose the state, 1847, [127];
1848, [143];
Seymour unites them with Barnburners, [149];
nominate Seymour for gov., 1850, [156];
defeated, [158];
support Dickinson for President, 1852, [169-72];
support Pierce and Seymour, 1852, [169-78];
secede from Barnburners, 1853, [180-5];
nominate separate ticket, [183];
approve canal constitutional amendment, [183];
called Hardshells or Hards, [185];
see [Hards].
Hunt, Alvah, elected state treas., ii. [127-8].
Hunt, Ward, candidate for U.S. Senate, ii. [244];
brilliant career of, [244].
Supported for U.S. Senate, 1863, iii. [55];
character of, [73];
speech at Rep. state con., 1863, [73];
nominated for judge of Court of Appeals, 1865, [130];
elected, [135].
Hunt, Washington, on Clay's Alabama letter, ii. [88];
elected state comp., [150];
nominated for gov., 1850, [154];
endorsed by Silver-Grays, [156];
elected, [158];
calls extra session of legislature, [163];
renominated for gov., [173];
inclined to Fillmore, [173];
defeated, [178];
favours union of Rep. and American parties, [249];
president of Constitutional Union party, [326];
fuses party with Softs, [326];
criticised by Greeley, [326-7];
impaired value of fusion, [327];
declares intention, [327].
Manager, of Cons. Union con., 1863, iii. [79], note;
del. to Dem. nat. con., 1864, [110];
demands armistice and con. of states, [110];
candidate for elector-at-large, 1864, [120];
defeated, [125].
Huntington, George, nominated for lt.-gov., i. [213].
Husted, James W., character and ability, iii. [258];
choice of his party for speaker of Assembly, [258];
nominated for state treas., 1881, [485];
defeated, [486].
Hutchins, Waldo M., visits Lincoln for Greeley, iii. [126], note;
head of Fenton machine, [220];
at Rep. state con., 1871, [259];
joins Lib. Rep. party, [283];
organises Nat. con. for Greeley's nomination, [283];
attended Lib. Rep. state con., 1872, [296];
on com. to confer with Dems., [296];
name presented for gov., 1882, [488], note.
Hyer, Tom, noted pugilist, ii. [281];
at Chicago con. for Seward, [281];
leads street parade, [281];
fails to get into Wigwam, [288].
Independence, not thought of, 1774, i. [2].
"Infected district," of anti-Masonry, western half of state, i. [360].
Ingersoll, Charles Jared, statement of, after war of 1812, i. [230];
on annexation of Texas, ii. [67].
Irving Hall Democracy, organised by Morrissey, 1874, iii. [331];
its ticket elected, 1875, [331];
dels. yield to Tam., 1879, [421];
seated after Kelly's bolt, [423];
fooled by Tam. in candidate for mayor, 1880, [460-1];
unites with Tam. and County Democracy, 1882, [498];
local ticket elected, [499].
Irving, Peter, publisher of N.Y. Chronicle, i. [123];
supports Burr, [123], [152].
Ives, Benoni J., nominated for prison insp., 1874, iii. [325];
defeated, [331].
Jackson, Andrew, battle of New Orleans, i. [229];
favoured by Clinton for President, [334-6];
eulogises Clinton, [336];
likeness to Clinton, [336];
Van Buren joins Clinton in support of, [346];
popularity of, [358];
a Free Mason, [361];
offer to United States Bank, 1832, [393];
refused by Clay and Webster, [393];
vetoed its charter, [393];
the issue, 1832, [393];
elected, [368];
makes Van Buren sec. of state, [383];
appoints Van Buren to England, [387];
compels Van Buren's nomination for Vice President, [391].
Compels Van Buren's nomination for President, ii. [4], [5];
confidence in Van Buren, 1844, [69].
Jackson, James, nominated for canal com., 1873, iii. [308];
elected, [309].
Jacobs, John C., senator from Kings county, iii. [421];
ch'm. Dem. con., 1879, [421];
named for gov., [422];
declines, [422];
candidate for U.S. Senate, 1881, [482];
withdraws, [482].
James, Amaziah B., at peace congress, ii. [350];
patriotism of, [359].
James, Thomas L., appointed postmaster-general, 1881, iii. [468];
confirmed, [468];
tries to compromise Robertson's appointment, [472].
Jay, John, in first constitutional con., i. [5];
appointed to draft a state constitution, [6];
age, [6];
family of, [6];
marriage of, [6];
Committee of Fifty-one, [6];
del. to first Continental Congress, [7];
author of famous papers, [7];
Jefferson on, [7];
drafts constitution, [7];
proposed Council of Appointment, [12];
account of, [11], note;
abolition of slavery, [14];
withdraws from con., [14];
chief justice of State Supreme Court, [16];
suggested for gov., [17];
proposed Schuyler and Clinton for gov. and lt.-gov., [20];
extreme modesty of, [20];
defeated for del. to constitutional con. of 1787, [30];
member of Poughkeepsie con., [33];
mentioned for gov., [37];
chief justice U.S. Supreme Court, [44];
nominated for gov., 1792, [50];
previous refusals, [51];
career and character of, [51];
buzz of presidential bee, [51];
denounced as an aristocrat, [53];
campaign abuse, [53-4];
opposed by the Livingstons, [55];
counted out, [56];
anger of Federalists, [59-60];
dignified conduct, [60];
renominated for gov., [64];
elected, [65];
treaty with England, [65];
opposition to, [65];
burned in effigy, [65];
first term as gov., [67];
dodges the slavery question, [68];
appoints Kent and Radcliff to Supreme Court, [68];
opposed for re-election by Livingston, [78];
re-elected, [82];
approves Alien-Sedition laws, [85];
Hamilton's plan for electing Presidential electors, [92];
opposes DeWitt Clinton, [110];
refuses to reconvene Council of Appointment, [110];
fails to recommend abolition of slavery, [111];
close of career, [111-14];
character of, [112];
crowning act of his life, [112];
Canada in peace treaty of 1783, [112-3];
declines reappointment as chief justice of U.S., [114];
retires to his farm, [115];
favours DeWitt Clinton for President, [203-5].
Jay, Peter A., eldest son of John Jay, i. [273];
recorder of New York City, [273];
a thrust at high-minded Federalists, [273];
removed from office, [287].
Jefferson, Thomas, compliments Jay, i. [101];
opinion of Burr, [105];
swift removals from office, [120];
rewards the Livingstons, [121];
acts with Clinton in crushing Burr, [121];
opposed Burr, 1804, [137];
on Chesapeake affair, [163];
orders embargo, [163];
repeals it, [179];
opinion of Stephen Van Rensselaer, [214];
on Erie canal, [244].
Jenkins, Elisha, reappointed sec. of state, i. [179].
Jenkins, Timothy, career of, ii. [247];
ambitious to be gov., 1858, [247].
Jennings, Lewis J., N.Y. Times, a leading Rep. editor, iii. [414].
Johnson, Alexander S., nominated for judge of Court of Appeals, 1874, iii. [315];
defeated, [319].
Johnson, Andrew, becomes President, 1865, iii. [127];
plan of reconstruction, [127];
rejects negro suffrage, [128];
endorsed by Dems., 1865, [128];
and by Reps., [132];
influence of Weed and Raymond, [131-2];
radical Reps. hostile, [136];
Stevens opposes his policy, [137];
Raymond replies, [137];
defeated, [141];
vetoes civil rights bill, [141];
bad traits, [142];
ill-tempered speech, [142];
Civil Rights bill passed over veto, [142];
favours Philadelphia con., 1866, [142];
swing around the circle, [148];
removal of Rep. officials, [162];
his party defeated, [166];
Dems. drop him, [182];
impeachment of, [190];
candidate for President at Dem. nat. con., [197].
Johnson, William S., opposes Seward, ii. [147].
Johnston, Joseph E., at battle of Bull Run, iii. [12].
Jones, David R. Floyd, nominated for sec. of state, 1861, iii. [21], note;
defeated, [29];
candidate for lt.-gov., 1862, [41], note;
elected, [51];
renominated, 1864, [120];
defeated, [125].
Jones, George, of N.Y. Times, iii. [95];
approves Raymond's support of Johnson, [95];
rejects Tweed's enormous bribe, [246].
Jones, Henry, nominated for clerk of Court of Appeals, 1865, iii. [130];
elected, [135].
Jones, Samuel, member of Poughkeepsie con., i. [33];
supports Clinton for gov., 1789, [43];
Kent on, [43], note;
first state comp., [70].
Jones, Samuel, son of the preceding, i. [347];
appointed chancellor, [347].
Jordan, Ambrose L., in constitutional con., 1846, ii. [109];
on elective judiciary, [110];
gifts of, [110];
atty.-gen., [128].
Junio, John J., nominated for sec. of state, 1877, iii. [384];
defeated, [387].
Kansas, efforts in behalf of slavery, ii. [208];
rifles from the North, [222];
border ruffians withdraw, [223];
Seward's bill to admit as State, [223];
more hostilities, [223];
Beecher's Bibles, [224];
against Lecompton constitution, [246];
action of freestate men, [262];
Wyandotte constitution, [262].
Kaufman, Sigmund, nominated for lt.-gov., 1870, iii. [238];
defeated, [244].
Kelley, William, nominated for gov. by Softs, 1860, ii. [326];
career and character of, [326];
defeated, [333];
at Dem. state peace con., [354].
Kelly, John, succeeds Tweed as leader of Tam., iii. [288];
appearance, [288];
early career, [288];
character, [288];
reorganises Tam., 1871, [289];
favours nomination of Greeley, 1872, [289];
urges Schell for gov., 1872, [297];
nominates Lawrence for mayor, 1872, [299];
defeated, [302];
declares for Tilden for gov., 1874, [310];
blow at canal ring, [312];
selects men of Tweed ring for city offices, [314];
Havermeyer charges graft, [318] and note;
elects Tam. ticket, [319];
breaks with Morrissey, 1875, [325];
his faction known as "Short-hairs," [325];
ticket defeated, 1875, [331];
opposes Tilden, 1876, [341-2];
reunites with Morrissey, 1876, [346];
his ticket elected, [350];
breaks with Morrissey, 1877, [386];
Morrissey elected, [389];
controls state con., 1878, [392];
nominates Schell for mayor, [394];
badly punished by defeat, [396];
gov. removes his best friend, [418];

declares war on Robinson, [418], [420];
charges against, [420];
threatens to bolt con., 1879, [421];
exhausts argument and trickery, [422-3];
leaves the con., [423-4];
holds one of his own, [424];
accepts nomination for gov., [424];
alliance with Cornell, [426];
reasons for charge, [426];
crushed by defeat, [427];
refused admission to state con., 1880, [451];
holds con. of his own, [451];
fierce speech against Tilden, [452];
refused admission to Nat. con., 1880, [457];
cool treatment of, [458];
spectacular reconciliation, [458];
forces a state con., 1880, [460];
controls it, [460];
fools Irving Hall, [460];
held responsible for Hancock's defeat, [483] and note;
opponents organise County Democracy, 1881, [483-4];
dels. excluded from state con., 1881, [484];
holds balance of power in legislature, 1882, [487];
his demands, [487], note;
affiliates with Reps., [487];
forces way into state con., 1882, [488];
divides vote among four candidates for gov., [490];
supports Cleveland in stampede, [491];
joins County Democracy in local nominations, 1882, [498];
city and state tickets elected, [498].
Kelly, William E., aspirant for gov., 1864, iii. [117];
candidate for elector-at-large, 1864, [120];
defeated, [125].
Kent, James, on Schuyler, i. [18];
supports Jay, 1792, [55];
personal appearance of, [55];
on Supreme Court, [68];
character of, [68];
reforms of, [68];
on Hamilton in Croswell case, [132-3];
on Hamilton's future had he lived, [143];
on privateering, [265];
answered by Young, [265-6];
asked to stand for U.S. senator, [268];
in constitutional con., 1821, [298];
freehold franchise, [299-300];
heads electoral ticket, 1832, [393];
law lectures, ii. [104];
death of, [125].
Kent, William, son of the chancellor, ii. [31];
calls Weed the "Dictator," [31];
candidate for lt.-gov., 1852, [173];
career of, [173-4];
elector on fusion Dem. ticket, 1860, [326];
criticised by Tribune, [327].
Kernan, Francis, ch'm. Dem. state con., 1861, iii. [17];
views on emancipation, [17];
refuses nomination for atty.-gen., [21];
offices held, [21];
elected to Congress, 1862, [52];
del. to Dem. nat. con., 1864, [108];
attends Saratoga con., 1866, [144];
in Nat. Dem. con., 1868, [200];
advises Seymour to accept presidency, [201];
shabby treatment of, [270-1];
nominated for gov., 1872, [297];
defeated, [302];
elected to U.S. Senate, 1874, [321];
advocates gold standard, [396];
defeated for re-election, 1881, [468].
Keyser, Abraham, state treas., ii. [1].
King, John A., son of Rufus, i. [259];
on German's election as speaker, [259];
predicts division of Federal party, [259];
resents Clinton's control of Federalists, [267];
charges Van Ness with hypocrisy, [268];
president of Anti-Nebraska con., ii. [194];
at birth of Rep. party, [212];
nominated for gov., [236];
character and career of, [236-7];
elected, [241];
at peace congress, [350].
King Park, Long Island, old home of Rufus King, i. [271].
King, Preston, supports Wilmot Proviso, ii. [102], [126];
career and character of, [102];
a Barnburner, [131];
at Utica con., [131];
supports Pierce and Seymour, 1852, [177];
withdraws from con. of Softs, 1854, [197];
at birth of Rep. party, [214];
nominated for sec. of state, [214];
elected U.S. senator, [243-5];
disapproves Weed's compromise, [339];
question of patronage, [390], [396].
Defeated for U.S. senate, 1863, iii. [54];
creditable service, [54];
deserted by Seward and Weed, [54];
del.-at-large to Rep. nat. con., 1864, [92];
supported Johnson for Vice-President, [94];
approved Seward's removal from Cabinet, [94];
early friend of President Johnson, [130];
accepts collectorship of New York, 1865, [131];
reconciliation with Seward, [131];
suicide, [131];
reasons for act, [131].
King, Rufus, U.S. senator, i. [44];
referee in Clinton-Jay contest, [57];
minister to England, [70];
disapproves disunion, [134];
spoken of for gov., 1804, [137];
candidate for Vice-President, 1804, [147];
candidate for Vice-President, 1808, [166];
defeated, [167];
opposes DeWitt Clinton for President, [202-6];
re-elected U.S. senator, [211];
charged with bargain, [211];
nominated for gov., 1816, [236];
strength of, [236];
defeated, [236];
doubts feasibility of Erie canal, [244];
votes cast for re-election to U.S. senate, [267];
resents Clinton's control of Federalists, [267];
reasons for, [267];
re-elected to U.S. senate, [269];
courageous stand of Van Buren for, [268-70];
gifts, character, and career of, [270-2];
supported war of 1812, [270];
opposed Missouri Compromise of 1820, [272];
known as champion of freedom, [272];
relations with Van Buren, [272];
declines to join Bucktail party, [272];
effort to prevent Tompkins' nomination, [277-9].
King's (Columbia) College, Gouverneur Morris a graduate of, i. [73].
Kinsella, Thomas, Brooklyn Eagle, a leading Dem. editor, iii. [420].
Kirkland, Charles S., in constitutional con., 1846, ii. [103];
on elective judiciary, [109].
Kirkpatrick, Thomas, nominated for prison insp., 1871, iii. [264];
elected, [275].
Knower, Benjamin, state treas., i. [294];
member Albany Regency, [294];
go-between of Van Buren and Clinton, [346], [348].
Know-Nothing party, see [Native American party].
Labor Reform party, state con. of, 1877, iii. [384];
its principles, [389];
coalesces with Greenback party, [389];
issues call for Nat. con., [389];
see [Nat.-Green.-Lab.-Reform party].
Labor Reform vote, 1870, iii. [244], note.
Ladue, Oliver, nominated for canal comr., 1862, iii. [45], note;
defeated, [51].
Laflin, Fordyce, nominated for prison insp., 1866, iii. [226];
elected, [227].
Laning, Albert P., character of, iii. [20];
patriotic sentiments, [20];
presents resolutions, [40];
del. to Nat. Dem. con., 1864, [108];
defeated for nomination for lt.-gov., [207];
ch'm. state con., 1878, [392];
rules in favour of Kelly, [393].
Lansing, Abraham G., removed as state treas., i. [165];
character of, [165];
restored as treas., [172].
Lansing, Garrett T., son of preceding, i. [165];
removed as master in chancery, [179].
Lansing, John, Jr., del. to amend Articles of Confederation, i. [29];
fitness for, [30];
withdraws from con., [30];
refuses to sign Federal Constitution, [31];
member of Poughkeepsie con., [33];
supports Clinton for gov., 1789, [43];
appointed to Supreme Court, [45];
story of his career, [129];
made chancellor, [129];
his murder, [130];
selected for gov., 1804, [131];
withdraws, [136];
reasons for, [152-3].
Lapham, Elbridge G., nominated for U.S. senator, 1881, iii. [481];
elected, [482].
Lapham, George H., nominated for state comp., 1881, iii. [484];
defeated, [486].
Lawrence, Cornelius V.R., candidate for mayor of N.Y., 1834, i. [400];
first year mayor was elective, [400];
spirited contest, [400];
elected, [401].
Lawrence, John, elected to U.S. senate, i. [70];
career and character of, [70];
prosecuted Major André, [70];
marriage of, [70].
Lawrence, Lewis, editor of Utica Republican, iii. [385].
Leavenworth, Elias W., nominated for sec. of state, ii. [258].
Lecompton constitution, character of, ii. [246];
Douglas on, [246];
see [Kansas].
Ledyard, Isaac, supports Burr for gov., 1792, i. [50].
Lester, Albert, in canal debate, ii. [63].
Lewis, Harris, nominated for gov., 1879, iii. [412];
defeated, [427].
Lewis, Morgan, brother-in-law of Chancellor Livingston, i. [49];
atty.-gen., [49];
chief justice Supreme Court, [115];
nominated for gov., 1804, [136];
reasons for it, [137];
career of, [136-7];
powerful support, [137];
elected, [138];
practices nepotism, [147], [155], [156];
favours Merchants' Bank, [148], [190];
Clinton opposed to, [149-50];
secures Council, [154];
removes Clinton from mayoralty, [154-5];
opposed by Tompkins, [155];
renominated for gov., [161];
defeated, [161];
member of Council, [217];
supports Riker for Supreme Court, [217];
in war of 1812, [221];
character as a soldier, [221];
retires in disgrace, [225].
Lewis, William B., candidate for state treas., 1861, iii. [23], note;
elected, [29].
L'Hommedieu, Ezra, in first constitutional con., i. [5];
ridicules Livingston's steamboat, [76].
Liberal Republican party, organisation, 1872, iii. [280];
calls Nat. con., [280];
prominent Reps. aid movement, [280];
Greeley's reasons for joining it, [281-2];
nominate Greeley for President, [286];
ticket endorsed by Dems., [289];
defeated, [302];
leaders in N.Y. return to Rep. party, 1874, [315].
Liberal Republican state conventions, 1872, Syracuse, iii. [296];
1874, Albany, [315-6];
1875, Albany, [326];
1876, Saratoga, [337];
unites with Rep. state con., 1876, [337].
Lieutenant-governorship, not necessarily stepping stone to gov., i. [180].
Lincoln, Abraham, first meeting with Seward, ii. [143];
defeated for nomination for Vice-President, [229];
lectures in New York City, [262-4];
Greeley on, [263-4];
defeats Crittenden compromise, [344];
Greeley's relations with, [402-3].
Orders relief of Fort Sumter, iii. [1];
call for troops, [3];
reply to Greeley, [35];
letter to Seymour, [63];
to Erastus Corning on Vallandigham, [65-6];
letter to Seymour about draft, [71];
letter to Rep. state con., 1863, [77-8];
its influence, [79-80];
relations with Seward, [84];
with Weed, [85-7];
veiled opposition to, [87];
effort to postpone Rep. nat. con., 1864, [88-9];
Radicals resent his relations with Weed and Seward, [89];
renominated for President, [94];
did he suggest Johnson for Vice-President, [95];
ignores Weed's wishes, [97];
message, Dec. 1863, [98];
plan for restoration of Southern states, [98];
longs for peace, [102];
authority to Greeley, [102];
sends Hay to Niagara Falls, [103];
insists on abolition of slavery, [103];
unpopularity of, [103];
movement to substitute another candidate, [103-4] and note;
Weed and Raymond hopeless of his election, [104-5];
his iron nerve, [105];
interest in N.Y. election, [125];
elected, [125];
assassination, [127].
Lindenwald, Van Buren's home, ii. [45-6].
Litchfield, Elisha, speaker of Assembly, ii. [59];
career and character of, [59].
Littlejohn, DeWitt C., speaker of Assembly, ii. [207];
declares for Seward, [207];
opposes Greeley for U.S. senate, [364].
Livingston, Brockholst, brother-in-law of Jay, i. [6], [79];
on U.S. Supreme Court, [6];
hostility to Jay, [79];
cousin of Chancellor, [116];
appointed to state Supreme Court, [116].
Livingston, Charles L., speaker of Assembly, ii. [1].
Livingston, Edward, resents Alien-Sedition laws, i. [84];
advised to give up Jefferson for Burr, [103];
Burr thought him friendly, [103];
practises deception, [103];
U.S. atty., [104], [121];
defaulter, [104];
mayor of New York, [116];
goes to New Orleans to reside, [150];
sec. of state, ii. [1].
Livingston, Edward P., nominated for lt.-gov., 1830, i. [376];
unpopular manners, [376];
elected, [377];
defeated for renomination for lt.-gov., 1832, [395].
Livingston, Gilbert, supports Clinton for gov., 1789, i. [43];
his eloquence, [43].
Livingston, Maturin, son-in-law of Morgan Lewis, i. [147];
appointed to office, [147];
character of, [147-8];
removed from office, [151];
restored, [154];
defeated for Supreme Court, [156];
removed from office, [165].
Livingston, Peter R., hostility to DeWitt Clinton, i. [251];
makes war on, [255];
career and gifts of, [402];
joins Whig party, 1834, [402];
ch'm. of its first con., [402].
Livingston, Philip, in first constitutional con., i. [5].
Livingston, Robert R., member first constitutional con., i. [5];
appointed chancellor, [16];
member of Poughkeepsie con., [33];
in campaign, 1789, [42];
hostile to Hamilton, [47];
strengthens Clinton, [47];
left out in division of offices, [48];
ceased to be a Federalist, [48];
defeats Schuyler for U.S. senate, [49];
opposes Jay, 1792, [55];
steam navigation, [75-7];
associated with Fulton, [77];
nominated for gov., [78];
hostility to Jay, [79];
appearance and character of, [79];
desires to be President, [80];
mistakes signs of times, [81];
defeated, [82];
reasons for it, [83];
his disposition, [83];
minister to France, [115];
assailed by Van Ness, [125];
without ambition for further political honours, [150].
Lockwood, Daniel N., at Dem. state con., 1882, iii. [490];
forceful presentation of Cleveland's name for gov., [490].
Locofocos, origin of title, ii. [16];
applied to Dem. party, [16].
Loomis, Arphaxed, in constitutional con., 1846, ii. [109];
character and gifts of, [110];
resents war methods, 1861, iii. [18], [19].
Lord, Jarvis B., nominated for canal com., 1861, iii. [21], note;
defeated, [29];
renominated, 1864, [120];
defeated, [125];
opposes Tilden for gov., 1874, [312];
exults over downfall of Tilden régime, [383].
Lott, John A., nominated for judge of Court of Appeals, 1869, iii. [226];
elected, [227].
Lowell, James Russell, declares people long for peace, 1864, iii. [101].
Ludlow, William B., opposes Union state con., 1861, iii. [15].
Ludlow, William H., chairman of Softs' con., 1854, ii. [197];
defeated, [203].
Lundy, Benjamin, original abolitionist, ii. [5];
career of, [5-7].
McCarthy, Dennis, presents Washburne's name for Vice-President, 1880, iii. [444];
moves Arthur's nomination, [445];
on Robertson's appointment, [469].
McClellan, George B., succeeds Scott, 1861, iii. [31].
McComb, Alexander, charged with corrupt conduct, i. [54];
friend of George Clinton, [54].
McDougal, Alexander, in first constitutional con., i. [5].
McGuire, Jeremiah, named as del.-at-large to Dem. nat. con., iii. [452];
delegation rejected, [458].
McIntosh, James, nominated for sec. of state, 1877, iii. [384];
defeated, [387].
McIntyre, Archibald, becomes comp., i. [151];
controversy with Tompkins, [276];
removal of, [287-9];
elected state senator, [289];

agent for state lotteries, [289].
McKean, James B., congressman, ii. [338];
disapproves Weed's compromise, [338].
Del. to People's Union con., 1861, iii. [22];
colonel 67th N.Y. regiment, [22];
nominated for sec. of state, 1867, [174];
defeated, [188].
McKelway, St. Clair, brilliant editor of Albany Argus, iii. [419];
influence of, [419];
returns to Brooklyn Eagle, [419], note.
McKenzie, William L., connected with Canadian rebellion, ii. [23-4].
McKnown, James, recorder at Albany, i. [347];
forced upon Regency, [347];
aids Van Buren's conciliatory policy, [347].
McLaughlin, Hugh, leader of Kings County Democracy, iii. [421];
favours Robinson for gov., 1879, [421].
McNeil, David B., nominated for prison insp., 1864, iii. [120];
defeated, [125];
renominated, [207];
elected, [215];
renominated, [273];
defeated, [275].
McNutt, Andrew J., nominated for prison insp., 1865, iii. [129];
defeated, [135].
Mackin, James, nominated for state treas., 1877, iii. [384];
elected, [387];
renominated, 1879, [424];
defeated, [427].
Madison, James, renominated for president, i. [197], [201];
character of, [199], [200];
offers Tompkins place of sec. of state, [237];
dislike of Armstrong, [238];
dislike of Monroe, [239].
Magone, Daniel, member of Tilden's canal commission, 1875, iii. [323].
Maine Liquor law, introduced by Clark, ii. [199];
vetoed by Seymour, [199].
Manhattan Bank, clever trick of Burr to charter, i. [187].
Manning, Daniel B., early career, iii. [419];
genius for political leadership, [419];
successor of Richmond, [419];
controls Robinson's candidacy, 1879, [420];
his rare tactics, [421];
ticket defeated by Kelly's bolt, [427];
controls Dem. state con., 1880, [449];
iron-clad unit rule, [450];
endorses Tilden for President, [450];
action at Dem. nat. con., 1880, [454-6];
an indefinite letter, [454];
a definite telegram, [456];
delegation's loss of prestige, [456];
controls Dem. state con., 1881, [484];
great victory, 1882, [498].
Marble, Manton, writes Dem. platform, 1876, iii. [344];
cipher dispatches, 1876, [350];
a leading Dem. editor, [420].
Marey, William L., favours King's re-election to U.S. senate, i. [269];
adjutant-general, [289];
career, character, and appearance of, [289-94];
capture of St. Regis, [293];
original member of Albany Regency, [293-4];
death of, [294];
highest mountain in state named for, [294], note;
becomes comp., 1823, [321];
appointed to Supreme Court, [360];
investigates death of Morgan, [360];
in U.S. senate, [385];
record as comp. and judge, [386];
failure as senator, [386-8];
to victors belong the spoils, [389];
injures Van Buren, [389], note;
nominated for gov., 1832, [394];
"the Marcy patch," [395];
elected, [396];
"Marcy's mortgage," [400];
renominated for gov., 1834, [403];
hot campaign, [403-4];
elected, [404].
Member of a powerful group, ii. [1];
writes for Argus, [2];
attitude toward slavery, [10];
renominated, 1836, [11];
elected, [14];
signs bank charters, [16];
renominated for gov., 1838, [22];
review of his administration, [23-5];
defeated, [28];
appointed to Mexican Claims Commission, [30];
canal policy, [49];
sec. of war, [94];
a Hunker, [127];
becomes a Barnburner, [169];
candidate for President, 1852, [169-72];
Seymour favours, [169-72];
sec. of state, [181-2].
Martindale, John H., record as a soldier, iii. [130];
nominated for atty.-gen., 1865, [130];
elected, [135].
Martling Men, forerunners of Tammany Hall, i. [132], [170];
charge Clinton with duplicity, [352].
Mason, Charles, nominated for judge of Court of Appeals, 1867, iii. [174];
defeated, [188];
renominated, 1869, [226];
defeated, [227].
Matthews, James N., Buffalo Express, a leading Rep. editor, iii. [414].
Matthews, Stanley, joins Lib. Rep. movement, iii. [283];
opposes Greeley's nomination, [283].
Maxwell, Hugh, collector port of New York City, ii. [153];
opposes Seward's endorsement, [153-4].
Maxwell, Robert A., nominated for state treas., 1881, iii. [484];
elected, [486].
May, Samuel J., rescues a fugitive slave, ii. [165].
Mead, Sidney, nominated for canal com., 1873, iii. [308];
defeated, [309].
Mears, John W., nominated for gov., 1879, iii. [412];
defeated, [427].
Meigs, Henry, member of Congress, i. [285];
correspondence with Van Buren, [285].
Mellspaugh, George W., nominated for prison insp., 1873, iii. [309];
defeated, [309].
Merritt, Edwin A., attended Lib. Rep. state con., 1872, iii. [296];
on com. to confer with Dems., [296];
nominated for state treas., 1875, [325];
defeated, [331];
nominated for surveyor of port of New York, 1877, [399];
confirmation defeated, [404-5];
appointed collector of customs, 1878, [406];
career and character, [406];
able administrator, [406];
confirmed, [409];
nominated for con.-gen. to London, 1881, [469];
confirmed, [477].
Miller, Elijah, father-in-law of Seward, i. [318];
early friend of Weed, [318].
Miller, Jedediah, opposes Tompkins' accounts, i. [276].
Miller, Theodore, nominated for judge of Court of Appeals, 1874, iii. [314];
elected, [319].
Miller, Warner, early career, iii. [467];
character and ability, [467];
aids election of Platt to U.S. senate, 1881, [468];
nominated for U.S. senator, [480];
elected, [481];
ch'm. state Rep. con., 1881, [485].
Minthorne, Mangle, daughter married Tompkins, i. [161];
leader of Martling Men, [161];
bitter opponent of Clinton, [161], [181].
Missouri Compromise of 1820, i. [272], ii. [190];
repeal of, ii. [190-5];
Seward on, [191];
excitement over, [192-5];
opposition to, [193-5];
John Van Buren on, [195];
Marcy on, [195].
Mitchell, Samuel Latham, character of, i. [74];
friend of Priestly, [74];
attainments of, [75];
member of Assembly, [75];
steam navigation, [75];
associated with R.R. Livingston, [77];
friend of DeWitt Clinton, [108];
in U.S. senate, [170].
Mohawk River, early schemes for its navigation, i. [242].
Mohawk River Valley, attracts New Englanders, i. [81].
Monroe, James, disliked by Madison, i. [239];
helped by Van Buren, [240].
Mooers, Benjamin, deserts DeWitt Clinton, i. [279].
Moore, Sir Henry, projects canal around Little Falls, i. [242].
"Morey letter," in campaign, 1880, iii. [462];
Garfield brands it a forgery, [462];
fictitious character made clear, [462];
used by Dems. with great force, [462].
Morgan, Christopher, sec. of state, ii. [127].
Morgan, Edwin D., at birth of Rep. party, ii. [213];
nominated for gov., 1858, [248];
character and career of, [248];
elected, [255];
at Chicago con., 1860, [283];
renominated for gov., 1860, [328];
elected, [333];
conservative appeal to Legislature, [348].
Forwards troops promptly, 1861, iii. [7];
acts as agent of President, [7];
thinks Wadsworth available for gov., 1862, [42];
declines renomination, 1862, [44];
creditable record, [44];
elected to U.S. senate, 1863, [54];
taste for political life, [54];
criticised, [55];
at Rep. state con., 1863, [74];
bitter feeling against, [74];
urges Lincoln's renomination, [87];
supports Johnson, [142];
votes to override veto, [142];
seeks re-election to U.S. senate, 1869, [219];
weakened by association with Johnson, [219];
supported by Conkling's followers, [220];
defeated by Fenton, [222];
at Rep. nat. con., 1876, [333];
nominated for gov., 1876, [338];
defeated, [350];
declines secretaryship of treasury, 1881, [486].
Morgan, William, career of, i. [359];
disclosure of Free Masonry, [359];
abduction of, [359];
left at Fort Niagara, [359];
drowned in Lake Ontario, [360];
excitement over crime, [359-60];
investigation of, [360];
punishment of conspirators, [360];
see [Anti-Masons].
Morris, Gouverneur, elected to U.S. senate, i. [71];
family of, [71-2];
association with Hamilton and Jay, [73];
conservatism of, [74];
life in Paris, [74], note;
opposes Burr, [100];
supports DeWitt Clinton for President, [202-6];
favours disunion, [228];
predicts construction of Erie canal, [241];
canal commissioner, [243].
Morris, Lewis, member first constitutional con., i. [5];
served in Continental Congress, [72];
family of, [71-4].
Morris, Richard, in first constitutional con., i. [5];
nomination as gov. desired, [39];
character of, [40];
on Hamilton's speech at Poughkeepsie, [40];
treatment of Gouverneur, his half brother, [72].
Morris, Robert, member of Poughkeepsie con., i. [33].
Morris, Staats Long, served in Parliament, i. [73];
family of, [71-4].
Morrissey, John, opposes Dix for gov., 1866, iii. [158];
breaks with Kelly, 1875, [325];
faction known as "Swallow-tails," [325];
delegation rejected by Dem. state con., [325];
organises Irving Hall, 1875, [331];
runs for state senator, [331];
endorsed by Reps., [331];
elected, [331];
reunites with Kelly, 1876, [346];
opposes Kelly, 1877, [382-3];
runs for state senator against Schell, 1877, [386];
fierce fight, [386];
great victory, [388];
death, [388].
Morton, Levi P., defeated for Congress, 1876, iii. [350];
elected, 1878, [397];
declines to become a candidate for Vice-President, 1880, [444];
acts upon Conkling's advice, [444];
choice of Conkling for U.S. senator, 1881, [465];
suggested for sec. of treas. and navy, [468];
declines secretaryship of navy, 1881, [469];
becomes ambassador to France, 1881, [469].
Morton, Oliver P., speaks in New York, iii. [282];
prophecy as to Lib. Rep. nat. con., [282].
Mosely, Daniel, appointed to Supreme Court, i. [366].
Mozart Hall, organisation of, 1858, iii. [30];
represents Fernando Wood, [30];
nominates Wood for mayor, [30];
defeated, [29];
after 1866 failed to present a ticket, [268], note.
Mulligan, John W., appointed surrogate of New York, i. [179].
Murphy, Henry C., character of, iii. [156];
aspirant for gov., 1866, [156];
active in campaign, 1867, [186];
at Dem. nat. con., 1868, [197];
heads com. on res., [197];
career of, [197];
aspirant for gov., 1868, [205].
Murphy, Thomas, charges Fenton with graft, 1869, iii. [221];
appointed collector of New York, 1870, [233];
bitter criticism of, [233];
by whom recommended, [233];
Conkling secures his confirmation, [235];
contest with Fenton, [234-5];
changes made in custom-house, [251], note;
efforts to crush Fenton machine, [250-63];
severely criticised, [279];
supports Crowley for U.S. senate, 1881, [465].
Myers, Charles G., presents Dix's name for gov., 1862, iii. [44].
Nast, Thomas, cartoons Tweed ring, iii. [245];
rejects enormous bribe, [245];
startling cartoon, [274];
Tweed proposes to stop the paper, [274].
National Advocate, edited by Noah, i. [262];
opposition to Erie canal, [262];
silenced, [262].
National Greenback Labor Reform party, iii. [389];
hist. of its organisation, [389];
con. Syracuse, 1878, [389];
its principles, [389];
represents large vote, [397];
its influence on Dem. party, [397];
holds state con., 1879, [412].
National Republicans, followers of Adams, 1828, i. [361];
adopt ticket of Anti-Masons, 1832, [393];
reason for defeat, [396];
party, 1834, becomes Whig, [399].
National Union state convention, 1866, iii. [154];
substitute for Dem. state con., [154];
attended by Reps. and Dems., [155];
Dix defeated by Hoffman for gov., 1866, [159];
platform for home rule, [160].
Native American party, organised, 1844, ii. [82];
opposed foreigners voting or holding office, [82];
confined to New York City, [82];
elected a mayor, 1844, [82];
in constitutional con., 1846, [97-100];
revived, 1854, as Know-Nothings, [201];
secret methods of, [201];
Seward opposed to, [201-2];
unknown strength of, [202-3];
Silver-Grays partial to, [202];
nominations, 1854, [202];
defeated, [204];
its con., 1855, [214];
elected its ticket, [216];
defeated, 1858, [255];
endorse Reps. and Dems., 1859, [258-9];
Wilson on, [259].
Negro suffrage, i. [299-300].
Left it to Southern state, iii. [128];
Greeley advocates it, [128];
Weed and Raymond oppose it, [130];
Rep. state con., 1865, dodges it, [133];
not squarely met, 1866, [153];
aids to defeat Rep. party, 1867, [185-7];
defeats Constitution of 1867, [227].
Nelson, Absolom, nominated for canal com., 1870, iii. [238];
defeated, [244].
Nelson, Homer A., nominated for sec. of state, 1869, iii. [226];
elected, [227];
aspires to be gov., 1872, [297];
again an aspirant for gov., 1882, [488].
Nelson, Samuel, member of constitutional con., 1821, i. [298];
career of, [298];
investigates death of Morgan, [360];
made justice of U.S. Supreme Court, ii. [97], [103];
in constitutional con., 1846, [103].
Nepotism, practised by DeWitt Clinton, i. [117], [347];
Gov. Lewis, [147];
Gov. Yates, [321];
Gov. Bouck, ii. [57].
Gov. Seymour, iii. [80];
Gov. Dix, [316].
Newspapers, leading Rep. journals in state, iii. [413-4];
leading Dem. journals in state, [420].
New York City merchants, their losses, 1861, iii. [31].
New York City, work of radicals in, i. [1];
census of, 1820, [295].
New York, Colony of, tainted with Toryism, i. [23].
New York draft-riot, 1863, iii. [68], [69].
New York Evening Post, established by Hamilton and Jay, i. [117];
edited by William Coleman, [117].
New York Legislature, gerrymander of, iii. [397-8].
New York troops, promptly forwarded after Lincoln's call, 1861, iii. [7];
engaged at battle of Bull Run, [12], note.
Nicholas, John, member of Council of Appointment, 1807, i. [156].
Nichols, Asher P., nominated for state comp., 1870, iii. [231];
elected, [244];
renominated, 1871, [273];
defeated, [275];
renominated, [308];
defeated, [309].
Noah, Mordecai Manesseh, editor National Advocate, i. [262];
character and career of, [262], [351];
opposed to Erie canal, [262];
opposition silenced by Van Buren, [262];
supports Clinton for gov., 1826, [351].
North, S. Newton Dexter, Albany Express, a leading Rep. editor, iii. [414].

North, William, elected to U.S. senate, i. [70];
service and character of, [71];
on staff of Baron Steuben, [71] and note;
speaker of Assembly, [171].
Nott, Eliphalet, President Union College, ii. [34].
Noyes, William Curtis, at peace congress, ii. [350].
Presents letter from Morgan, 1862, iii. [44];
would welcome Lincoln's withdrawal, 1864, [104].
O'Conor, Charles, in constitutional con., 1846, ii. [104];
opposes negro suffrage, [107];
on elective judiciary, [109];
opposed constitution of 1846, [112];
conservatism of, [112];
nominated for lt.-gov., 1848, [134];
career of, [134-5];
in campaign, 1852, [178];
declines to support the Softs, [186].
Sympathy with the South, iii. [4];
supports' Tilden's attack upon the Tweed ring, [268];
letter to Dem. state con., 1871, [272];
credits Tilden with impeachment of Tweed judges, [293].
O'Rourke, Matthew J., aids in exposure of Tweed ring, iii. [246];
estimated aggregate of sum stolen, [248-9].
Oakley, Thomas J., surrogate of Dutchess County, i. [171];
removed, [179];
friend of Clinton, [254];
displaces Van Buren as atty.-gen., [273];
opposes Tompkins' accounts, [276];
removed as atty.-gen., [287].
Oaksmith, Appleton, del. to seceding states, ii. [351-2].
Office-seekers, number and persistence of, ii. [388-9].
Ogden, Darius A., nominated for canal com., 1876, iii. [347];
elected, [351].
"Ohio Idea," The, iii. [179-181].
Olcott, Frederick P., nominated for state comp., 1877, iii. [384];
elected, [387];
renominated, 1879, [424];
defeated, [427].
Olcott, Thomas W., financier of Albany Regency, ii. [20];
refuses nomination for state comp., 1863, iii. [74].
Opdyke, George, acts as agent of U.S. Government, 1861, iii. [7];
elected mayor of N.Y., 1861, [29];
career and character, [30];
at Rep. state con., 1863, [74];
loses place on state com., [74];
favours new candidate in place of Lincoln, [104], and note.
Orr, Alexander E., member of Tilden's canal commission, 1875, iii. [323].
Ostrander, Catherine, wife of Weed, i. [318];
true love match, [319];
waited for him three years, [319].
Ottendorfer, Oswald, editor N.Y. Staats-zeitung, iii. [268];
efforts at reform, [268];
at Dem. state con., 1871, [272];
influence, [272].
Palmer, Abiah W., nominated for state comp., 1870, iii. [238];
defeated, [244].
Parker, Amasa J., nominated for gov., 1856, ii. [232-3];
career and ability of, [233-4];
defeated, [241];
nominated for gov., 1858, [249];
defeated, [255];
at Dem. state peace con., [354];
president of, [354].
President of Dem. state con., 1863, iii. [79];
aspirant for gov., 1864, [118];
presented for gov., 1874, [313];
president of Kelly's state con., 1880, [451];
named as del.-at-large to Nat. con., [452];
delegation refused admission, [457];
part in spectacular reconciliation, [458].
Parkhurst, John, nominated for prison insp., 1870, iii. [238];
defeated, [244].
Parmenter, Roswell A., nominated for atty.-gen., 1881, iii. [484];
defeated, [486].
Parrish, Daniel, state senator, i. [178].
Patrick, J.N.H., dispatches to Pelton from Oregon, 1876, iii. [351].
Patrick, Marsena R., nominated for state treas., 1865, iii. [129];
defeated, [135].
Patterson, George W., to Weed about Fillmore, ii. [79];
in constitutional con., 1846, [103];
on elective judiciary, [109];
nominated for lt.-gov., 1848, [140];
character of, [140];
defeated for state comp., [165];
Greeley on, [165-6];
ambitious to be gov., 1852, [173].
Payn, Louis P., renominated for U.S. marshal, 1881, iii. [469];
nomination withdrawn, [475];
warns Conkling and Platt of defeat, [481];
chided by Sharpe, [481];
prophecy fulfilled, [481], note.
Peace congress, 1861, ii. [350];
suggested by Virginia, [350];
adopted by Legislature of New York, [350];
dels. to, [350];
convened at Washington, [358];
its work and results, [358-60].
Peaceable secession, Greeley advocates, ii. [335-6];
also Abolitionists, [336];
preferable to civil war, [347], [355].
Peck, Jedediah, opposed Alien-Sedition laws, i. [89];
arrested, [89];
creates great excitement, [89].
Peckham, Rufus H., a supporter of Tilden, iii. [422];
cool and determined, [422];
in Dem. state con., 1879, [422];
at Dem. nat. con., 1880, [457].
Peckham, Rufus W., opposes repeal of Missouri Compromise, ii. [195].
Pelton, William T., nephew of Tilden, iii. [350];
lived in Tilden's house, [350];
cipher dispatches, [350-1].
People's party, supports Adams, 1824, i. [324];
stood for popular election of Presidential electors, [324];
resented defeat of the measure, [326];
Tallmadge and Wheaton lead it, [324];
secedes from Utica con., [331-2];
supports Clinton, 1826, [350];
joins Nat. Rep. party, 1828, [361].
People's Union convention, 1861, iii. [21], [22].
Perkins, Edward O., nominated for clerk of Court of Appeals, 1865, iii. [129];
defeated, [135].
Perrin, Edward O., nominated for clerk of Court of Appeals, 1868, iii. [207];
elected, [215].
Perry, Oliver H., victory on Lake Erie, i. [225].
Phelps, Oliver, nominated for lt.-gov. with Burr, 1804, i. [131];
character of, [138].
Philadelphia Union convention, 1866, iii. [144];
Dix the ch'm., [144];
Richmond and Weed managers, [144];
Raymond heads resolution committee, [144];
picturesque features, [144].
Phillips, Wendell, opposition to arbitrary arrests, 1862, iii. [19], note.
Pierce, Franklin, nominated for President, 1852, ii. [169-72];
elected, [179];
humiliated Dix, [182], note;
appoints Marcy sec. of state, [182].
Pierrepont, Edwards, life and character of, iii. [155];
favoured Dix for gov., 1866, [155];
sudden change to Hoffman, [159];
Weed's surprise, [159].
Pitcher, Nathaniel, elected lt.-gov., i. [352];
career of, [366];
character of, [366];
acting gov., [366];
appointments of, [366];
defeated for renomination by Van Buren, [366];
ceases to act with Jackson party, [367].
Pitt, William, compared with Hamilton, i. [3].
Platt, Jonas, defeated for Supreme Court, i. [156];
character of, [156], [173-4];
nominated for gov., [173];
assails embargo, [174];
betrayed by prejudices, [176];
defeated for gov., [179];
supports Clinton for mayor, [213];
and for gov., 1817, [248];
retires from Supreme Court, [323];
later career and death of, [323].
Platt, Moss K., nominated for prison insp., 1873, iii. [308];
endorsed by Liberals, [309];
elected, [309].
Platt, Thomas C., early career, iii. [363];
character and ability, [364];
ch'm. Rep. state con., 1877, [364];
candidate for U.S. senate, 1881, [465];
Stalwart leaders divide, [465];
supported by Cornell, [465];
opposed by Arthur, Sharpe, Murphy, and Smyth, [465];
promise made to Half-breeds, [468];
with their aid nominated in caucus, [468];
elected, [468];
Robertson's appointment, Mar. 23, [469];
failure of his efforts to have it withdrawn, [475];
tenders resignation, May 16, [476];
reasons for it, [477-8];
seeks re-election at Albany, [478];
Rep. caucus refused, [479];
first ballot gives highest vote, [479];
withdraws as a candidate, July 1, [480];
successor elected, July 16, [481].
Platt, Zephaniah, father of Jonas Platt, i. [156];
character and career of, [156];
founded Plattsburgh, [156];
served in Legislature and in Congress, [156].
Plumb, Joseph, nominated for lt.-gov. by Abolitionists, 1850, ii. [156].
Political campaigns, begin 1789, i. [44];
abusive, 1792, [52];
young men in, [56] and note;
modern methods introduced, [90].
Pomeroy, Theodore M., at Rep. nat. con., 1876, iii. [334];
aspires to be gov., 1879, [414];
career and character of, [414] and note.
Porter, John K., in constitutional con., 1846, ii. [104];
nominated for judge of Court of Appeals, 1865, iii. [130];
elected, [135].
Porter, Peter B., supports Burr, 1804, i. [138];
removed as county clerk, [147];
character and career of, [148];
member of Congress, [148];
secretary of war, [148];
appointed sec. of state, [233];
canal com., [213];
opposed Clinton for gov., 1817, [249];
brilliant war record, [249];
eloquence of, [250];
nominated for gov. by Tam., [251];
defeated, [252];
aspirant for gov., 1822, [318];
supports Clay, 1824, [324];
nominated for Assembly, 1827, [358].
Porter, Peter A., declines nomination for sec. of state, 1863, iii. [75];
prefers military to civil office, [75].
Post, Henry, confidential correspondent of DeWitt Clinton, i. [243].
Potter, Clarkson N., aspires to be gov., 1876, iii. [345];
president of Dem. state con., 1777, [384];
failure of fraud investigation, [395] and note;
nominated for lt.-gov., 1879, [424];
defeated, [427];
candidate for U.S. senate, 1881, [482];
defeated, [482].
Poughkeepsie convention, ratifies Federal Constitution, i. [33];
number of dels., [33];
champions of Constitution, [33];
opponents of, [33];
date of ratification, [35];
vote on, [36].
Powell, Archibald C., nominated for state eng., 1867, iii. [174];
defeated, [188].
Pratt, Daniel, nominated for atty.-gen., 1873, iii. [308];
elected, [309].
Prince, L. Bradford, nominated for naval officer, 1877, iii. [399];
not confirmed, [405].
Privateers in war of 1812, Samuel Young's description of, i. [266].
Prohibition, issue, 1854, ii. [203];
law passed, [210];
declared unconstitutional, [210].
Prohibition party organised, 1874, iii. [316];
nominated Clark for gov., 1874, [316];
total vote, [319];
state con., 1875, [326];
state con., 1876, [346];
state con., 1877, [384];
state con., 1878, [392];
state con., 1879, [412];
principles of, [412].
Pruyn, Robert H., aspirant for gov., 1866, iii. [156];
services of, [156];
nominated for lt.-gov., 1866, [159];
defeated, [165].
Pulitzer, Joseph, N.Y. World, a leading Dem. editor, iii. [420].
Purcell, William, supporter of Tam., iii. [383];
editor Rochester Union Advertiser, [420];
a leading journalist, [420];
nominated for sec. of state, 1881, [484];
defeated, [486].
Purdy, Ebenezer, state senator, i. [149];
charged with bribery, [149], [190];
character of, [190];
resigns to escape expulsion, [191].
Putnam, James O., a Silver-Gray, ii. [156];
eloquence of, [156];
votes for Babcock for U.S. senator, 1855, [207];
favours union of American and Rep. parties, [249];
elector-at-large, [328];
Americans follow him into Rep. party, [332].
"Quids," nickname for Gov. Lewis' followers, 1806, i. [152].
Radcliff, Jacob, appointed on Supreme Court, i. [68];
life of, [69];
character and appearance of, [69];
becomes mayor of New York City, [172];
removed, [179].
Radical and Conservative Democrats, difference in canal policy, ii. [53].
Radicals, faction of Dem. party, ii. [52], [126];
opposed state debt to construct canal, [52], [126];
leaders of, [53], [126];
called Barnburners after supporting the Wilmot Proviso, [126];
see[ Barnburners].
Raines, Thomas, nominated for state treas., 1871, iii. [264];
elected, [275];
joins Lib. Rep. party, [307];
dropped by Reps., [307];
renominated by Dems., 1873, [308];
elected, [309].
Randall, Henry S., biographer of Jefferson, ii. [324];
Barnburner, [324];
ch'm. of Hards' state con., 1860, [324].
Randolph, John, teller when J.Q. Adams was elected President, i. [343].
Rapallo, Charles J., nominated for judge of Court of Appeals, 1880, iii. [460];
defeated, [463].
Raymond, Henry Jarvis, in Assembly, ii. [159];
speaker, [159];
career and gifts of, [159-61];
editor of N.Y. Courier, [160];
established N.Y. Times, [160];
quarrels with Webb, [161];
supports Fish for U.S. senate, [162];
ambition to be gov., 1852, [173];
at Anti-Nebraska con., [194];
nominated for lt.-gov., 1854, [199];
deep offence to Greeley, [199-200];
elected, [204];
at birth of Rep. party, [213];
active, 1856, [240];
favours Douglas for U.S. senator, [247];
at Chicago con., [283];
calls Greeley a disappointed office-seeker, [306-7];
Greeley's letter to Seward, 1854, [307];
endorses Weed's compromise, [337].
Elected to Assembly, iii. [29];
upholds Lincoln's policy, [42];
favours Dix, 1862, [42];
ch'm. Rep. state con., 1862, [44];
replies to Seymour, [44];
candidate for U.S. senate, 1863, [55];
del.-at-large to Rep. nat. con., 1864, [92];
reports the platform, [93];
supports Johnson for Vice-President, [94];
zenith of his influence, [95];
why he supported Johnson, [95];
did Lincoln whisper to him, [96];
writes Lincoln of hopeless situation, [105-6];
elected to Congress, 1864, [126];
great victory, [126];
supports President Johnson, [132];
enters Congress, [137];
prestige of, [138];
his maiden speech, [138];
defeated, [141];
sustains veto, [142];
his fickleness, [142];
satirised by Stevens, [142], note;
hesitates to attend Philadelphia con., 1866, [143];
Seward urges him on, [143];
extreme views, [145];
removed from Rep. Nat. Ex. Com., [145];
Congress added no fame, [145];
mental weariness, [146];
refuses to support Hoffman for gov., [161];
returns to Rep. party, [161];
supports Fenton with loyalty, [161];
declines to run for Congress, [161];
sincerity of, [161];
brilliant life cut short, [175].
Redfield, Herman J., kept out of office, i. [348].
Ch'm. Dem. state con., 1861, ii. [17];
his views on the war, [18];
prophecy of, [18].
Reed, Thomas B., Conkling's attack on Curtis found in scrap-book, iii. [374], note;
listed among masterpieces of sarcasm and invective, [374].
Reeves, Henry A., Greenport Republican Watchman, a leading Dem. editor, iii. [420].
Reid, Whitelaw, N.Y. Tribune, iii. [414];
leading Rep. editor, [414];
telegram about Robertson's appointment, [472-3].
Renwick, James, characteristics of Tompkins, i. [215].
Republican national conventions,
Baltimore, 1864, iii. [93];
Chicago, 1868, [192];
Philadelphia, 1872, [291-2];
Cincinnati, 1876, [333-5];
Chicago, 1880, [438-46].
Republican party, Anti-Nebraska con., ii. [194];
Greeley favoured its organisation, 1854, [200];
Weed and Seward opposed, [200];
Greeley named it, [211];
Executive Committee appointed, 1854, [211];
formal organisation, 1855, [211-4];
its platform, [213];
Seward's speech for, [217-8];
Silver-Grays defeat it, [219];

Weed and Seward criticised, [219-20];
carried state for Fremont and King, [241-2];
elect gov., 1858, [255];
made up of young men, [328-9];
elect Lincoln and Morgan, [333];
desired peace, [360].
Republican State Committee, proposes a Union state con., 1861, iii. [15].
Republican state conventions, 1861, Syracuse, iii. [21];
1862, Syracuse, [44];
1863, Syracuse, [73];
1864, Syracuse, [90], [115];
1865, Syracuse, [129];
1866, Syracuse, [150];
1867, Syracuse, [172];
1868, Syracuse, [193];
1869, Syracuse, [225];
1870, Saratoga, [235];
1871, Syracuse, [257];
1872, Utica, [292];
1873, Utica, [307];
1874, Utica, [315];
1875, Saratoga, [324];
1876, Saratoga, [336-9];
1877, Rochester, [362-77];
1878, Saratoga, [301];
1879, Saratoga, [412-8];
1880, Utica, [429-34];
1881, Saratoga, [485];
1882, Saratoga, [492].
Reynolds, Marcus T., wit of, ii. [390].
Rhodes, William C., nominated for prison director, 1861, iii. [21], note.
Richmond, Dean, original Barnburner, ii. [131];
leadership at Charleston con., 1860, [270-9];
character and career of, [271-2];
believed to be for Seymour, [276], [298], note, [299];
sustains two-thirds rule, [277];
defeats Douglas' nomination under rule, [277-8];
sustains admission of contestants, [300];
Dickinson's attack on, [302-3];
intentions of, [303];
calls Dem. state peace con., [354].
Opposes a Union state con., 1861, iii. [15];
reasons therefor, [16];
appeal to Seymour, [38], [39];
draft circular, [82];
del. to Dem. nat. con., 1864, [101];
opposes Seymour for President, [107];
supports McClellan, [107];
supports Johnson, and manages Saratoga and Philadelphia conventions, 1866, [144];
favours Dix for gov., 1866, [155];
sudden death, [158];
first unofficial man in America, [159];
dies in home of Tilden, [265], note.
Richmond Enquirer, resents unanimity of the North, 1861, iii. [9], [10].
Richmond Examiner, resents Unionism in New York, 1861, iii. [9], [10].
Richmond, Henry A., son of Dean, iii. [39], note;
succeeds father on state committee, [265], note.
Richmond, Van Rensselaer, nominated for state eng., 1869, iii. [226];
elected, [227],
renominated, 1871, [273];
defeated, [275].
Riker, Richard, dist.-atty., i. [117];
assailed by Van Ness, [124];
acts as second for DeWitt Clinton, [127];
Clinton fails to support him for Supreme Court, [218];
affection for Clinton turned into hate, [218];
Clinton removed him as recorder, [273].
Roberts, Ellis H., character and services of, iii. [169];
aids Conkling's election to U.S. senate, 1867, [170];
defeats Conkling's candidate for state senate, 1877, [388] and note.
Roberts, Marshall O., attends Saratoga con., 1866, iii. [144];
aspires to be gov., 1870, [237];
Fenton's candidate, [237];
approves books of Tweed's comp., [245];
secedes from Rep. state con., 1871, [264];
meets with a separate body, [264];
among supporters of Greeley, 1872, [283].
Robertson, William H., early career, iii. [293];
character and ability, [293];
aspires to be gov., 1872, [293];
opposition, [293];
defeated by Dix, [293];
beginning of dislike of Conkling, [294];
declines nomination for state comp., 1874, [325];
votes for Blaine at Rep. nat. con., 1876, [335];
aspirant for gov., 1876, [337];
suggested for gov., 1879, [414];
decides to vote for Blaine, 1880, [436];
his letter, [437];
other Half-breeds follow, [437];
votes for Blaine at Rep. nat. con., 1880, [441];
nominated for collector of customs, Mar. 23, 1881, [469];
a surprise, [469];
reports and theories, [469-70];
a Blaine triumph, [470-1];
endorsed by Legislature, [472];
efforts at compromise, [472];
confirmed, [476].
Robinson, John C., nominated for state eng., 1869, iii. [226];
withdraws from ticket, [226];
nominated for lt.-gov., 1872, iii. [296];
elected, [302];
renominated, 1874, [315];
defeated, [319];
name presented for gov., 1882, [492].
Robinson, Lucius, candidate for state comp., 1861, iii. [23], note;
elected, [29];
valuable services, [74];
renominated, 1863, [74];
elected, [83];
signs call for Cleveland con., 1864, [90];
resents infringement of rights of individuals and states, [90];
letter to Cleveland con., [92];
declares Administration guilty of mistakes, [92];
suggests nomination of Grant, [93];
prefers a candidate other than Lincoln, [104] and note;
Dems. renominate him for state comp., 1865, [129];
a political somersault, [129];
kind words by Reps., [129];
a faithful official, [129];
defeated, [135];
aspires to be gov., 1872, [297];
nominated for state comp., 1874, [326];
elected, [331];
nominated for gov., 1876, [340];
elected, [350];
character of administration, [379];
leadership at Dem. state con., 1877, [379];
Kelly opposes old ticket, [382];
relies upon Hill's ruling, [382];
Tilden régime routed, [383];
denounces Rep. gerrymander, [397-8];
removes Kelly's henchman, [418];
accepted as declaration of war, [418];
Kelly's charges, [420];
renominated for gov., [424];
Kelly bolts, [424];
defeated, [427].
Rochester, William B., character and career of, i. [350];
nominated for gov., 1826, [350];
proved strong candidate, [351];
defeated, [352];
believed Van Buren's support insincere, [352];
proposed for U.S. senator, [352];
lost at sea, [352], note.
Rogers, Sherman S., nominated for lt.-gov., 1876, iii. [338-39];
defeated, [350];
candidate for U.S. senate, 1881, [467].
Roosevelt, Theodore, nominated for collector of customs, 1878, iii. [399];
not confirmed, [405];
died, 1879, [406].
Root, Erastus, gifts and character of, i. [85];
career of, [86];
friend of Burr, [86];
opposes Alien-Sedition laws, [86];
strikes at nullification, [87];
his opinion of Burr and Hamilton, [91];
supports Burr, 1804, [138];
defence of methods used by State Bank, [188-9];
changes views in case of Merchants' Bank, [191];
opposes Bank of America, [196];
makes war on Clinton, [255];
unfriendly to Erie canal, [261];
opposition silenced, [262];
favours settlement of Tompkins' accounts, [276];
conspicuous work in constitutional con., 1821, [299-310];
aspirant for gov., 1822, [313];
sent to Assembly, 1827, [357];
sought nomination for gov., 1830, [376];
leaves Jackson party, 1832, [394];
death of, ii. [104].
Roseboom, Robert, member of Council of Appointment, i. [107];
controlled by DeWitt Clinton, [107].
Ross, Charles N., nominated for state treas., 1874, iii. [326];
elected, [331].
Rouse, Caspar M., accused David Thomas of bribery, i. [193].
Ruger, William C., elected chief judge of Court of Appeals, 1882, iii. [499].
Ruggles, Charles H., in constitutional con., 1846, ii. [109];
chairman judiciary com., [109];
nominated for Court of Appeals, [184];
character of, [184];
elected, [189].
Ruggles, Samuel B., Seward's reliance upon, ii. [34].
Russell, Leslie W., nominated for atty.-gen., 1881, iii. [485];
elected, [486].
Sage, Russell, in Congress, ii. [195];
opposes repeal of Missouri Compromise, [195].
Sanders, John, member of Council of Appointment, i. [107].
Sanford, Nathan, career and character of, i. [170];
defends embargo, [170-1];
opposes DeWitt Clinton for President, [203];
elected U.S. senator, [233];
succeeded by Van Buren, [286];
succeeded by Jones for chancellor, [347];
re-elected U.S. senator, [347].
Saratoga Union convention, 1866, iii. [144];
attended by Reps. and Dems., [144];
appoints dels. to Johnson's Philadelphia con., [144].
Savage, Edward, member Council of Appointment, 1807, i. [156].
Savage, John, appointed Supreme Court judge, i. [322].
Schell, Augustus, at Charleston con., ii. [272];
aspires to be gov., 1872, iii. [297];
opposes Tilden, 1876, [342];
candidate for state senator, [386];
opposed by Morrissey, [386];
fierce fight, [386];
defeated, [388];
nominated for mayor by Tam., [394];
defeated, [396];
leads the Tam. bolt, 1879, [423];
refused admission to Dem. nat. con., 1880, [457];
part in spectacular reconciliation, [458].
Scheu, Solomon B., nominated for prison insp., 1870, iii. [231];
elected, [244].
Schoonmaker, Augustus, nominated for atty.-gen., 1877, iii. [384];
elected, [387];
renominated, 1879, [424];
defeated, [427];
nominated for judge of Court of Appeals, 1881, [484];
defeated, [486].
Schurz, Carl, reports upon Southern sentiment, iii. [136];
opposes Ku Klux Act, [276];
favours universal amnesty, [277];
criticism of Grant's administration, [278];
organises Lib. Rep. movement, [280];
ch'm. of Lib. Rep. con., [283];
opposes Greeley for President, [283].
Schuyler, George W., nominated for state treas., 1863, iii. [76];
elected, [83].
Schuyler, Philip, member first constitutional con., i. [5];
suggested for gov., [17];
public career of, [17];
Kent on, [17];
Webster on, [18];
characteristics of, [18];
called "Great Eye," [18], note;
surprised by Clinton's election as gov., [21];
elected U.S. senator, [44];
defeated for re-election, [49];
combination against him, [49];
member of Council of Appointment, [61];
nominates Benson, [61];
claims concurrent right with gov., [61];
justification of, [62];
re-elected to U.S. senate, [70];
resigns, [70];
example in Council followed by DeWitt Clinton, [110].
Scott, George F., nominated for state comp., 1861, iii. [21], note;
defeated, [29].
Scott, John Morin, member first constitutional con., i. [5];
leads radicals in, [13];
ch'm. Council of Safety, [16];
suggested for gov., [17];
Adams on, [18];
Jones on, [18];
ancestry of, [19];
career of, [19].
Scott, Winfield, valour at Queenstown Heights, i. [223];
opinion of Wilkinson, [223];
promoted, [225];
bravery at Lundy's Lane, [226];
brilliant leadership, [227];
candidate for President, 1852, ii. [166-7];
tour through New York, [176];
regarded as Seward's candidate, [175];
confident of election, [179];
defeated, [179].
Disapproves relief of Fort Sumter, iii. [1];
disapproves battle of Bull Run, [11].
"Scratchers," a faction of Rep. party, iii. [424];
origin of name, [424].
Scribner, G. Hilton, defeated for ch'm. of Rep. state con., 1871, iii. [258-9];
nominated for sec. of state, 1871, [264];
elected, [275].
Seceders, Barnburners from Hunkers, ii. [127];
Silver-Grays from Seward Whigs, [155];
Dem. senators from state senate, [163];
Hunkers from Barnburners, [180];
anti-slavery members from Softs, [197];
Wood delegation from Dem. state con., [249].
Secretary of state, stepping stone to Presidency, i. [364].
Sedgwick, Charles B., character of, iii. [55];
candidate for U.S. senate, 1863, [55];
defeated, [55].
Selden, Henry S., nominated for lt.-gov., ii. [237];
family of, [237];
character and career of, [236-7].
Suggested for U.S. senate, 1863, iii. [55];
nominated for judge of Court of Appeals, 1863, [76];
elected, [83];
joins Lib. Rep. party, [284];
attends its Nat. con., [284];
opposes scheme of Fenton, [284].
Selden, Samuel L., nominated for Court of Appeals, ii. [211];
elected, [219];
brother of Henry R., [237];
character and career of, [237-8].
Selkreg, John H., Ithaca Journal, a leading Rep. editor, iii. [414].
Senate, state, number of members in first, i. [9];
election of, [9];
how apportioned, [9];
powers of, [9];
model of, [9];
who could vote for, [9].
Senate, United States, its enormous power, i. [118];
membership in it preferred to the governorship, [364];
years of its greatness, [386].
Senators, United States, service of Rufus King, 1789-96, i. [44];
Philip Schuyler, 1789-91, [44];
Aaron Burr, 1791-7, [49];
John Lawrence, 1796-1801, [70];
Philip Schuyler, 1797-8, [70];
John Sloss Hobart, 1798, [70];
William North, 1798, [70];
James Watson, 1798-1800, [70];
Gouverneur Morris, 1800-3, [71];
John Armstrong, 1801-2, [118];
DeWitt Clinton, 1802-3, [118];
John Armstrong, 1803-4, [118];
Theodorus Bailey, 1804, [156];
Samuel L. Mitchell, 1804-9, [170];
John Smith, 1804-15, [170];
Obadiah German, 1809-15, [170];
Rufus King, 1815-27, [211], [269];
Nathan Sanford, 1815-21, [233];
Martin Van Buren, 1821-8, [286];
Charles B. Dudley, 1829-33, [383];
Nathan Sanford, 1827-31, [347];
William L. Marcy, 1831-2, [385].
Silas Wright, 1833-44, ii. [1], [65];
Nathaniel P. Tallmadge, 1833-44, [39];
Daniel S. Dickinson, 1845-51, [93];
Henry A. Foster, 1844-5, [93];
John A. Dix, 1845-9, [93];
William H. Seward, 1849-61, [145], [205];
Hamilton Fish, 1851-7, [162];
Preston King, 1857-63, [243];
Ira Harris, 1861-7, [365].
Edwin D. Morgan, 1863-9, iii. [55];
Roscoe Conkling, 1867-81, [171], [305], [397];
Reuben E. Fenton, 1869-75, [222];
Francis Kernan, 1875-81, [321];
Thomas C. Platt, 1881, [468];
Warner Miller, 1881-7, [481];
Elbridge G. Lapham, 1881-5, [482].
Sessions, Loren B., a state senator, iii. [437];
decides to vote for Blaine, 1880, [437];
severely criticised, [437];
charged with bribery, 1881, [480];
acquitted, [480], note.
Seward, Frederick W., nominated for sec. of state, 1874, iii. [325];
defeated, [331].
Seward, William H., elected state senator, i. [377];
appearance of, [377];
career and character of, [378];
his boyhood, [378];
gifts, [378];
an active Clintonian, [379];
first meeting with Weed, [379];
Weed on, [380];
joined Anti-Masons, [380];
visits John Quincy Adams, [380];
Whigs nominate for gov., 1834, [402];
fitness and red hair, [402-3];
bright prospects of election, [402-3];
defeated, [404];
indifference of, [405].
Nominated for gov., 1838, ii. [19-21];
elected, [29];
accepts Weed's dictatorship, [31-3], [36-8];

first message of, [34-5];
tribute to DeWitt Clinton, [35];
prophetic of Erie canal, [36];
renominated, 1840, [42];
elected, [45];
weakness of, [45];
reasons for, [48-50];
declines renomination, [50-1];
unhappy, 1844, [84-5];
predicts disunion, [86];
Clay's Alabama letter, [87-8];
on Wilmot Proviso, [102];
absence of, from constitutional con., 1846, [104-5];
picture of candidates, 1846, [121];
on the stump, 1848, [141-3];
first meeting with Lincoln, [143];
elected U.S. senator, [145-7];
gratitude to Weed, [148];
opposes compromises, 1850, [152];
higher law speech, [152];
Whigs approve his course, [153-5];
opposes repeal of Missouri Compromise, [190-3];
Blair on, [192-3];
opposed a Rep. party, 1854, [200];
re-elected to U.S. senate, [205-7];
Raymond on, [205];
Evening Post on, [205];
opposed by Know-Nothings, [205-6];
gratitude to Weed, [208];
speech for Rep. party, [217-8];
criticised, [219-20];
speech on Kansas, [225-6];
declined nomination for President, [229-32];
hinted Weed betrayed him, [230];
grouty, [239];
suspicions of trimming, [252];
irrepressible conflict speech, [252-3];
criticism of, [254];
goes to Europe, [260-1];
bill to admit Kansas, [261];
speech on, [265-7];
criticised as bid for Presidency, [267-8];
Phillips, Garrison, and Greeley on, [268];
confident of nomination for President, 1860, [283-4];
on Greeley's fidelity, [284], note;
character of opposition, [285];
defeated on third ballot, [289];
sorrow of friends, [290], note;
personal bearing of, [291-3];
letter to wife, [292];
to Weed, [291-3];
Greeley's letter, 1854, [311-17];
its effect upon him, [317];
admits Greeley should have had an office, [323];
vindictiveness of, [323], [386];
in New England, [328];
in the West, [329];
climax of career, [329];
predicted Alaska purchase, [330];
on threats of disunion, [334];
as to Weed's compromise, [368], [380];
waiting to hear from Lincoln, [368-9];
on Buchanan's message, [369-70];
offered secretaryship of state, [370];
generally anticipated, [370];
Weed saw Lincoln for, [371];
Astor House speech, [371-3];
opposes Crittenden Compromise, [373-4];
answers Jefferson Davis, [376-7];
non-committalism, [377-9];
purpose of, [377-8];
Whittier's poem on, [378];
speech criticised, [379];
secession in White House, [379];
controversy with Mason of Virginia, [381-2];
brilliant and resourceful, [383];
modifies Lincoln's inaugural address, [384-5];
a blow at Curtin, [386];
opposes Chase, [386];
declines to enter Cabinet, [386];
tenacious as to patronage, [390];
conference with Harris and President, [390], [396], [397];
Barney's appointment, [390-7];
President or Premier, [397];
secures all important offices, [398];
Dickinson's appointment, [399-401].
Disapproves relief of Fort Sumter, iii. [1];
orders arrests, [19];
favours Dix for gov., 1862, [41];
position in Cabinet, [41];
views on emancipation, [41];
opposes Wadsworth, [50];
criticism of Seymour, [83];
relations with Lincoln, [84-5];
humorous illustration of, [84];
Radicals resent his influence with Lincoln, [89];
influence in state lessened, [89];
supports Johnson, [143];
favours Philadelphia con., 1866, [143];
shares Raymond's unpopularity, [146];
influence with the President, [146];
writes veto messages, [147];
speech of May 22, 1866, [147];
a leader without a party, [149];
criticised in Rep. state con., 1866, [151];
his home speech, 1868, [212].
Seymour, David L., character and career of, ii. [232-3];
at Charleston con., [272].
Seymour, Henry, elected canal commissioner, i. [261];
deprives Clinton of patronage, [261].
Seymour, Horatio, leading Conservative, ii. [53];
member of Assembly, [60];
report on canal, [61];
legislative skill and influence, [61];
appearance, [61];
Hoffman and, [63];
elected speaker of Assembly, [91-2];
poise and gifts, [91];
beginning of leadership, [91];
controls in election of U.S. senators, [93];
fight over fourth constitutional con., [99];
harmonises Hunkers and Barnburners, [149];
John Van Buren, [150];
nominated for gov., 1850, [156];
defeated, [158];
supports Marcy for President, 1852, [169-72];
nominated for gov., 1852, [172-3];
Conkling on, [172];
elected, [178];
secures canal constitutional amendment, [183-4];
approved by Barnburners, [184];
renominated for gov., 1854, [197];
vetoes Maine liquor law, [199];
defeated, [203];
pleads for Softs at Nat. con., [226-8];
leader of united party, [232];
condemns Rep. party, [239], note;
declines nomination for gov., 1858, [249];
Richmond's choice for President at Charleston, [276], [298], note, [299];
name withdrawn at Baltimore, [301];
at Softs' state con., [325];
at Dem. state peace con., [354];
sentiments of, [355-6], and note.
View on war issues, iii. [27-9];
opposes a Union state con., 1861, [15];
nominated for gov., 1862, [38];
prefers another, [38];
Richmond's appeal to, [38];
his influence, [40];
speech of acceptance, [40];
criticised, [44], [45];
speaks in campaign, [47];
resents Raymond's attack, [47];
elected, [51];
not a member of the Union league, [61];
inaugural address, [61];
views about the war, [62];
Lincoln's letter to, [63];
his opinion of President, [63];
fails to write Lincoln, [64];
vetoes bill allowing soldiers to vote, [64];
criticises arrest of Vallandigham, [65];
sends troops to Gettysburg, [66];
refuses to reply to Lincoln's thanks, [67];
Fourth of July speech, [67];
draft-riot, [68];
speech to rioters, [68];
calls them "friends," [68];
no complicity, [69];
influence of his speech, [69];
his use of the word "friends," [69];
cause of embarrassment, [70];
views about the draft, [70];
dilatoriness of, [70];
his letter to Lincoln, [71];
dreary speech, [79], note;
severely criticised, [80-1];
charged with nepotism, [80];
speeches in reply, [81-2];
message of, 1864, [98-100];
a bid for the presidency, [100];
heads delegation to Dem. nat. con., 1864, [101];
war depression favours, [107];
his journey to Chicago, [107];
candidacy for President, [107];
opposed by Richmond, [107];
dislike of McClellan, [107];
delegation supports him until defeat is certain, [108];
refuses to vote for McClellan, [108];
ch'm. of con., [110];
his speech, [110-12];
delivery of, [111];
renominated for gov., 1864, [117-9];
Richmond fooled, [119];
criticises Lincoln, [123];
defeated, [125];
supports President Johnson, [133];
ch'm. Dem. state con., 1867, [179];
on payment of U.S. bonds, [181];
drops Johnson, [182];
on canal frauds, [183];
on negro suffrage, [186-7];
president of Nat. Dem. con., 1868, [197];
favours Chase for President, [198];
approved platform with negro suffrage, [198];
refuses to be candidate for President, [200];
nominated, [201];
much affected, [201];
accepts, [204];
criticism, [205];
high character of, [208];
tours the West, [211];
defeated, [214];
but carries New York, [215];
evidences of fraud in election, [215-8];
in Dem. state con., 1871, [270];
shabbily treated, [270];
absent from Dem. state con., 1872, [287];
also from Dem. Nat. con., 1872, [287];
advises Tilden not to run for gov., [311];
writes platform, 1874, [314];
nominated for gov., 1876, [346];
declines, [346];
Tam. urges him for President, 1880, [451];
preferred a funeral to a nomination, [451].
Seymour, Horatio, Jr., nominated for state eng., 1877, iii. [384];
elected, [387];
renominated, 1879, [424];
elected, [427].
Seymour, Silas, nominated for state eng., 1882, iii. [485];
elected, [486].
Sharpe, George H., holds office of surveyor of port of New York, iii. [399];
successor appointed, 1877, [399];
suggests Arthur for Vice President, 1880, [444];
Conkling objects to it, [444];
fails to get Conkling to present Arthur's name, [444];
secures Woodford to do it, [444];
character and services, [464];
elected speaker of the Assembly, [464];
supports Crowley for U.S. Senate, 1881, [465];
urges Conkling to seek re-election at Albany, 1881, [481];
prophecy of Payn, [481], note;
aids election of Miller for U.S. senator, [481].
Sharpe, Peter B., speaker of Assembly, i. [262];
unfriendly to canal, [261-2];
opposition silenced, [262];
approves Tompkins' war accounts, [276];
opposes Jackson, [357];
nominated for Assembly, 1827, [358].
Shaw, Samuel M., Cooperstown Freeman's Journal, a leading Dem. editor, iii. [420].
Sheldon, Alexander, speaker of Assembly, i. [194];
charges Southwick with bribery, [194].
Sherman, John, aids Cornell's election as gov., 1879, iii. [427];
reply to criticisms, [427], note;
indignant over Arthur's nomination for Vice President, [445], note.
Sherwood, Henry, nominated for speaker of Assembly, 1863, iii. [53];
defeated, [53].
"Short-hairs," faction of Tam., iii. [325], note.
Sickles, Daniel E., member of the Hards, ii. [209];
represented Tam., [249].
Early life of, iii. [8];
offers services to Government, [8];
interview with President, [9], note;
del. to Rep. nat. con., 1868, [192];
ch'm. of New York delegation, [192];
supports Fenton, [193];
destroys the Erie-Gould ring, [293].
Sigel, Franz, named for sec. of state, 1869, iii. [226];
defeated, [227].
Silliman, Benjamin D., nominated for atty.-gen., 1873, iii. [308];
defeated, [309].
Silver-Grays, faction of Whig party, ii. [155];
origin of name, [155];
secede from Whig con., 1850, [155];
hold con. at Utica, [155-6];
indorse Hunt for gov., [156];
become Know-Nothings, [202], [204];
also Hards, [204];
defeated Reps., 1855, [219];
finally absorbed by other parties, [332].
Skinner, Roger, member of Council, i. [288];
U.S. judge, [294];
member of Albany Regency, [294].
Skinner, William I., nominated for canal com., 1862, iii. [41], note;
elected, [51].
Slavery, Jay fails to recommend abolition of, i. [68], [111];
abolished by Legislature of New York, [111];
agitation against, ii. [5-10];
Beardsley heads a mob, [6];
state anti-slavery society formed, [8];
Van Buren's attitude toward, [10-12];
Wilmot Proviso, [102];
Free-soil movement, [126-44];
prohibition of, in Territories, [282];
platform of Rep. party, [282].
Sloan, George B., career and character, iii. [417];
elected speaker of Assembly, 1877, [417];
defeated for speaker, 1879, [407], [417];
votes for Cornell, 1879, [417];
resented, [417].
Slocum, Henry W., record of, iii. [128];
nominated for sec. of state, 1865, [129];
defeated, [135];
aspires to be gov., 1879, [421];
defeated by Robinson, [423];
presented for gov., 1882, [488];
favoured by Manning, [489];
charges against, [489];
contest with Flower, [491];
elected congressman-at-large, 1882, [498], note.
Smith, Alexander, brigadier-general, relieves Stephen Van Rensselaer on Niagara frontier, i. [222];
character and failure of, [222].
Smith, Carroll E., Syracuse Journal, a leading Rep. editor, iii. [413-4].
Smith, Charles E., Albany Journal, a leading Rep. editor, iii. [413];
ch'm. of Rep. state con., 1880, [430];
character and career, [430-2].
Smith, Gerrit, career and gifts of, ii. [7-8];
Weed on, [7-8];
wealth of, [7];
becomes an Abolitionist, [8];
generosity of, [8];
organises state anti-slavery society, [8];
influence, 1838, [25];
1844, [83];
rescues a fugitive, [165];
elected to Congress, [179].
Del. to Rep. nat. con., 1872, iii. [291];
boasts that delegation is without an office-holder, [291].
Smith, Henry, known as "Hank," iii. [250];
leader of Tam. Reps., [250];
controversy over, [255-63].
Smith, James C., at peace congress, ii. [350].
Smith, Melancthon, member of Poughkeepsie con., i. [33];
ablest opponent of Federal Constitution, [34];
Fiske on, [34];
wisdom of suggestions, [34];
change of mind, [35];
supports Clinton for gov., 1789, [43].
Smith, Peter, father of Gerrit, ii. [7];
large landowner, [7].
Smith, William S., appointed U.S. marshal, i. [44].
Smyth, John F., forsakes Pomeroy, 1879, iii. [416];
calls a snap con., 1880, [429];
career and character, [429-30];
supports Crowley for U.S. Senate, 1881, [465];
ch'm. Rep. state com., 1882, [494];
disclaimed any part in fraud and treachery, [498];
overwhelmingly defeated, [498].
Social Democratic party, state con., 1877, iii. [384].
Softs, name of Dem. faction, ii. [185];
successors to Barnburners, [185];
why so called, [185];
ticket defeated, 1853, [189];
strained position as to repeal of Missouri Compromise, [196];
withdrawal of anti-slavery leaders, [197];
Seymour renominated for gov. by, [197-8];
defeated, [203];
disapproved extension of slavery, [210];
became pro-slavery, [226];
humiliated at Nat. con., [226-8];
Seymour pleads for, [226-8];
unite with Hards, [232];
support Buchanan and Parker, [232];
Wood captures their state con., [257];
Dickinson yields to, [258];
control at Charleston and Baltimore, [270-9], [294-303];
hold separate state con., 1860, [325-6];
nominated Kelley for gov., [326];
fuse with Constitutional Union party, [326-7].
Soldiers' vote, scheme to defraud, 1864, iii. [124].
Soule, Howard, nominated for state eng., 1877, iii. [377];
defeated, [387];
renominated, 1879, [416];

defeated, [427].
Southern fire-eaters, threats of disunion, ii. [261];
reward for heads of Rep. leaders, [264-5].
Southern press, criticism of New York City, 1861, iii. [10].
Southwick, Solomon, character and gifts of, i. [154];
career, [154], [192-3];
connection with Bank of America, [191], [193-4];
indicted and acquitted, [194];
becomes postmaster, [239];
opposes Tompkins for President, [230];
runs for gov., 1822, [316];
strange career of, [316-7];
without support, [319];
without votes, [320];
nominated for gov., 1828, [364];
defeated, [368].
Spaulding, Elbridge G., career of, ii. [188];
nominated treas. of state, [188];
"father of the greenback," [188];
elected state treas., [189];
at birth of Rep. party, [214];
presents petition for peace, [350].
Member of Ways and Means com., iii. [32];
drafts legal tender act, [32];
opposed by Conkling, [32];
aided by sec. of treas., [33];
bill becomes a law, [33];
defeated for Congress, 1876, [350].
Spencer, Ambrose, appearance of, i. [55-6];
asst. atty.-gen., [70];
changes his politics, [87];
reasons for, [88];
relative of Chancellor Livingston, [88];
member of Council of Appointment, [107];
atty.-gen., [117];
on Supreme Court, [117];
appointment alarms Federalists, [117];
reasons for, [117-8];
character of, [118];
attack on Foote, [120];
assailed by Van Ness, [125];
opposes the Merchants' Bank, [148];
votes for Clinton for President, [167];
opposes charter of Merchants' Bank, [189];
and Bank of America, [195];
breaks with DeWitt Clinton, [197];
opposes him for President, [202-4];
denounced by Clinton, [204];
friend of Armstrong, [216];
distrusted by Tompkins, [216-7];
opposes Van Buren for atty.-gen., [232];
relations with Tompkins strained, [233];
favours Armstrong for U.S. Senate, [233];
becomes a candidate, [233];
beaten by Van Buren, [233];
breaks with Tompkins, [237];
relations renewed with Clinton, [245];
brother-in-law of, [245];
declares for him for gov., [246];
forces a broader party caucus, [250];
work in constitutional con., 1821, [299-310];
Yates' treatment of, [322];
later career and death, [322-3].
Spencer, Daniel C., nominated for canal com., 1876, iii. [339];
defeated, [350].
Spencer, John C., son of Ambrose Spencer, i. [263];
gifts, character, and career of, [263-5];
likeness to Calhoun, [264];
home at Canandaigua, [264];
DeWitt Clinton's opinion of, [264];
candidate for U.S. Senate, [266-7];
defeated, [267];
fails to become atty.-gen., [274];
speaker of Assembly, [276];
opposes Tompkins' accounts, [276];
headed electoral ticket, 1832, [393].
Seward's reliance upon, ii. [34];
sec. of state, [36];
ambitious to go to U.S. Senate, [38];
sec. of war, [48];
breaks with Weed, [48];
with Scott at Albany, [176].
Spencer, Joshua A., defeated for U.S. Senate, ii. [38].
Spinner, Francis B., nominated for state comp., 1874, iii. [325];
defeated, [331];
nominated for sec. of state, 1877, [384];
defeated, [387].
"Stalwarts," title of faction in Rep. party, 1880, iii. [429];
use of regretted, [482].
Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, daughter of Daniel Cady, i. [169];
gifts of, [169].
Starin, John H., aspires to be gov., 1879, iii. [414];
career of, [414] and note;
name presented for gov., 1882, [492];
defeated, [494].
State debt, Hoffman's estimate of, 1846, ii. [108-9].
Steam navigation, history of its inception, i. [75-6].
Stephens, Alexander H., predicts civil war, ii. [279].
Stevens, Samuel, ancestry and career of, i. [376];
nominated for lt.-gov., [376];
defeated, [377];
energy of, [390];
renominated for lt.-gov., 1832, [393].
Stevens, Thaddeus, approves legal tender act, iii. [32];
dislike of Johnson, [132];
opposes his policy, [137];
defeats Raymond, [141].
Stewart, Alvan, nominated for gov., ii. [82];
character and career of, [82-3];
defeated, [89];
increasing strength, [89].
Stewart, William, brother-in-law of George Clinton, i. [117];
made asst. atty.-gen., [117].
Stillwell, Silas M., nominated for lt.-gov., i. [402];
character and career of, [402];
defeated, [404].
Stranahan, Ferrand, member of Council, i. [231].
Stroud, Reuben W., nominated for canal com., 1872, iii. [296];
elected, [302];
renominated, 1874, [315];
defeated, [319].
Suffrage, restrictions of under first constitution, i. [9].
Sumner, Charles, assaulted by Brooks, ii. [225];
Seward on, [225];
excitement in North, [226];
leads radicals in U.S. Senate, iii. [14];
opposes President Johnson, [128];
removed from Com. on Foreign Affairs, [278].
Sutherland, Jacob, appointed Supreme Court judge, i. [322].
"Swallow-tails," faction of Tam., iii. [325];
history of name, [325].
Swartwout, John, dist.-atty., i. [117], [121];
challenges DeWitt Clinton, [127];
wounded twice, [127];
leader of Burrites, [152].
Sweeny, Peter B., known as Peter Brains Sweeny, iii. [177];
Tweed's reliance upon, [177];
begins, 1857, as dist.-atty., [177];
the Mephistopheles of Tam., [178];
hidden from sight, [178];
city chamberlain, [178];
cost of confirmation, [178];
author of Tweed charter, [228];
takes position of most lucre, [229];
exposure of startling crime, [246];
resigns from office, 1871, [247];
escapes to Europe with plunder, [248];
compromises and returns, [248], note.
Sweet, Sylvanus H., nominated for state eng., 1865, iii. [129];
defeated, [135];
renominated, 1873, [309];
elected, [309].
Sylvester, Francis, nominated for state comp., 1877, iii. [377];
defeated, [387].
Talcott, Samuel A., atty.-gen., i. [289];
career and appearance of, [289-94];
genius of, [290];
compared to Hamilton, [290];
Chief Justice Marshall on, [290];
opposed Webster in Snug Harbour case, [290];
close relations with Butler, [291];
original member of Albany Regency, [293-4];
death of, [294].
Tallmadge, Fred A., elected to state senate, ii. [16];
nominated for clerk to Court of Appeals, 1862, iii. [41], note;
elected, [51].
Tallmadge, James, opposition to Missouri Compromise, i. [274];
applicant for atty.-gen., [274];
hostility to DeWitt Clinton, [274];
work in constitutional con., 1821, [299-310];
applicant for state comp., [321];
beaten by Marcy, [321];
supported Adams, 1824, [324];
voted for Clinton's removal as canal com., [328-9];
great mistake, [329];
nominated for lt.-gov., [331];
in constitutional con., 1846, ii. [103].
Tallmadge, Nathaniel P., opponent of Regency, i. [358];
sent to Assembly, [358];
in U.S. Senate, ii. [1];
attitude toward slavery, [11];
endorsed Seward for gov., [24-5];
nominated for U.S. Senate, [38];
elected, [39];
becomes gov. of Wisconsin, [92].
Tammany Society, early history of, i. [181-5];
hostility to DeWitt Clinton, [181-5];
opposes Erie canal, [251];
opposed Clinton for gov., 1817, [251];
defeated, [252];
Clinton dismisses its office-holders, [255];
Van Buren silences its opposition to canal, [261-2];
influence in securing the constitutional con., 1821, [296];
favours Jackson for President, [357];
trains with the Softs, ii. [249];
defeats Wood, [257].
Tammany Hall, defeated, 1861, iii. [29];
Tweed begins his career, [176];
boss of, [176];
his lieutenants, [177];
forces Hoffman's nomination, 1866, [159];
fraudulent naturalisations, [175];
its new building, [178];
again nominates Hoffman, 1868, [205];
renominates Hoffman, 1870, [231];
startling disclosures of Tweed ring, [246-9];
controls state con., 1871, [269-73];
dismayed by result of election, [275];
Kelly succeeds Tweed as its leader, [288];
reorganises it, [289];
divided into two factions, [325];
Morrissey faction rejected, [325];
Kelly's ticket defeated, 1875, [331];
Morrissey and Kelly factions unite, 1876, [346];
ticket elected, [350];
factions divide, 1877, [378];
Kelly wins, [383];
but Morrissey elected to Senate, [388];
it controls Dem. state con., 1878, [392];
defeated in election, [397];
bolts Dem. state con., 1879, [423];
holds con. of its own, [424];
nominates Kelly for gov., [424];
crushed by defeat, [427];
refused admission to Dem. state con., 1880, [451];
holds con. of its own, [451];
platform stigmatises Tilden, [452];
refused admission to Dem. nat. con., 1880, [457];
spectacular reconciliation, [458];
forces a Dem. state con., [460];
has its own way, [460];
fools Irving Hall on mayoralty, [460];
opponents organise County Democracy, [483];
dels. excluded from Dem. state con., 1881, [484];
local ticket defeated, [483];
forces way into Dem. state con., 1882, [488];
divides its vote for gov., [490];
finally supports Cleveland, [491];
joins County Democracy on local ticket, [498];
elect state and city officials, [498].
"Tammany-Republicans," history of title, iii. [250], [254], [255].
Tappan, Abraham B., candidate prison insp., 1861, iii. [23], note;
elected, [29].
Tappan, Arthur, early Abolitionist, ii. [6];
requisition for, [6].
Tappan, Lewis, early Abolitionist, ii. [6];
home mobbed, [6];
nominated for state comp., [216].
Taylor, John, career and character of, i. [177-8];
speech against Platt, [178];
opposes Bank of America, [196];
appearance of, [196];
nominated for lt.-gov., [213];
attacked by Clinton, [213];
elected, [215];
renominated for lt.-gov. with Clinton, [279].
Taylor, John J., nominated for lt.-gov., ii. [249-50];
career of, [250].
Taylor, John W., congressman from Saratoga, i. [312];
brilliant leader, [312];
twice speaker of national House of Representatives, [312], ii. [204];
refuses nomination for lt.-gov., i. [331];
defeated for speaker in Twentieth Congress, [359].
Champion opponent of Missouri Compromise, 1820, ii. [204];
lived to see principles adopted, [204];
longer continuous service than any successor, [204];
character of speeches, [204];
death of, [204].
Taylor, Moses, urges Lincoln's renomination, iii. [88];
attends Saratoga con., 1866, [144];
approves books of Tweed's city comp., [245].
Taylor, William B., candidate for state eng., 1861, iii. [23], note;
elected, [29];
renominated, 1863, [76];
elected, [83];
renominated, 1869, [226];
defeated, [227];
renominated, 1871, [264];
elected, [275];
renominated, 1873, [308];
defeated, [309].
Temperance vote, 1870, iii. [244], note.
Thayer, Adin, nominated for canal com., 1874, iii. [314];
elected, [319].
Thayer, Francis S., nominated for sec. of state, 1873, iii. [308];
defeated, [309].
Third term, talk of it, 1874, iii. [317];
Grant's letter ends it, 1875, [329];
Rep. state con., 1875, declares against it, [325];
Grant becomes an active candidate, 1880, [428];
efforts of Stalwarts to nominate him, [429-42];
opposition to, [429-42];
defeated, [442].
Thomas, David, career and character of, i. [191-2];
charged with bribery, [193];
indicted and acquitted, [194].
Thomas, Thomas, member of Council of Appointment, 1807, i. [156].
Thompson, Herbert O., appointed clerk of N.Y. county, 1879, iii. [418];
an organiser of the County Democracy, [483].
Thompson, Smith, related to Livingstons, i. [155];
on Supreme bench, [155];
refused mayoralty of New York, [155];
career of, [362];
learning of, [362];
sec. of navy under Munroe, [362];
on bench twenty-five years, [362];
justice of U.S. Supreme Court, [362];
nominated for gov., 1828, [362];
refused to withdraw, [363];
defeated, [368].
Thompson, William, caucus nominee for speaker, i. [257];
character and career of, [257];
defeated by a bolt, [258-9].
Thorn, Stephen, an assemblyman, i. [149];
charged Purdy with bribery, [149], [190].
Throop, Enos T., criticised Morgan's abductors, i. [365];
home on Lake Owasco, [365];
nominated for lt.-gov., [366-7];
bargain with Van Buren, [366];
resigned from Supreme Court, [366];
elected lt.-gov., [368];
becomes acting gov., [376];
nominated for gov., 1830, [376];
unpopular manners, [376];
elected, [377];
defeated for renomination, 1832, [394];
nicknamed "Small-light," [394];
character of, [394].
Thurman, Allen G., attitude toward Tilden, iii. [354].
Tilden, Samuel J., in constitutional con., 1846, ii. [104];
opposes negro suffrage, [107];
writes address of Barnburners, [131];
nominated for atty.-gen., [211];
defeated, [218].
Del. to Dem. nat. con., 1864, iii. [108];
age and appearance of, [108];
ability, [109];
war record, [109];
becomes wealthy, [110];
accepted leader at Chicago, [110];
member com. on res., [110];
declares war a failure, [110];
criticised for his timidity, [113];
attends Saratoga con., 1866, [144];
del.-at-large to Philadelphia, [144];
active in campaign, 1867, [186];
attends Dem. nat. con., 1868, [197];
ch'm. New York delegation, [197];
forces nomination of Seymour, [201];
study of his methods, [203];
disclaims any agency, [203];
his artfulness, [203];
urges Seymour to accept, [204];
certain of success, [213];
denies signing infamous circular, [213];
fails to denounce forgers, [214];
calls Dem. state con. to order, 1870, [230];
has his pocket picked, [230];
severely criticised, [231];
prophesies Tweed will die in jail or exile, [265];
no liking for Rep. party, [265-6];
begins reform in Dem. party, [266-7];
rejects Tweed's proposals, [267];
labours to punish Ring, [267];
unites anti-Tam. organisations, [268];
at Dem. state con., 1871, [269-74];
though defeated, proves its master, [273];
Tweed arrested on his affidavit, [275];
absent from Dem. nat con., 1872, [287];
secures impeachment of Tweed judges, [293];
at Dem. state con., 1872, [297];
opposed by Tweed influence, [297];
nominates Kernan for gov., [298];
decides to run for gov., [310];

supported by Kelly, [310];
praised by Rep. journals, [311];
opposed by canal ring, [311];
dissuaded by friends, [311];
Seymour advises against it, [311];
insists upon making race, [312];
nominated, [313];
elected gov., [319];
message against canal ring, [321-2];
prosecutions, [323];
tour of the state, [323];
Rep. press criticises, [326];
speech at Utica, [327];
message of, 1876, a bid for presidency, [340];
opposed by Kelly, [341-2];
strength of, [342];
confidence of, [343];
a critical moment, [343];
nominated for President, [343];
letter of acceptance, [344];
fails to nominate Dorsheimer for gov., [345];
severe criticism of, [348-9];
denies complicity in cipher dispatches, [351];
attitude toward Electoral Com., [354-5];
relied upon Davis' vote, [356];
hurt by Conkling's exclusion, [356];
prestige weakened, [378];
publication of cipher dispatches, [394-5];
influence upon, [395];
party talks of his nomination, 1880, [447];
embodiment of fraud issue, [448];
opposition of Kelly, [448];
Dem. state con., 1880, endorses him for President, [449];
would he accept nomination, [453];
his health, [453-4];
gives Manning a letter, [454];
regarded as indefinite, [455-6];
settles question in telegram, [456];
did not know himself, [456];
an opportunist, [456].
Tillotson, Thomas, brother-in-law of Chancellor Livingston, i. [113];
sec. of state, [115];
assailed by Van Ness, [125];
removed as sec., [151];
restored, [154];
removed, [165].
Tinsley, William F., nominated for canal com., 1874, iii. [325];
defeated, [331].
Tompkins, Daniel D., nominated for gov., i. [155];
character and career of, [158-61];
compared with Clinton, [160-1];
elected gov., [161-2];
an issue dividing parties, [162];
sustains embargo, [164];
opposes George Clinton for President, [166-7];
renominated for gov., [173];
re-elected, [179];
opposes banks, [194-5];
ambitious to be President, [197], [232], [238];
prorogues Legislature, [197];
opposes DeWitt Clinton for President, [201];
renominated for gov., [212];
attacked by Clinton, [213];
re-elected, [215];
at zenith of popularity, [215];
jealous of Armstrong, [216];
distrusts Spencer, [217];
called the great war gov., [219];
refuses to give Clinton active service in field, [220];
re-elected, [223];
efforts paralysed by Federalists, [219-30];
defeat of Federalists, [226];
calls extra session of Legislature, [226];
vigorous prosecution of war, [226];
opposed Spencer, [233-4];
relations with Spencer strained, [233];
favoured Sanford for U.S. Senate, [233];
Legislature endorses him for President, [235];
re-elected gov., [236];
opposed for President by Spencer, [237];
offered place in Madison's cabinet, [237];
reasons for declining, [238];
Virginians create opposition to, [239];
Van Buren's sly methods, [240];
nominated and elected Vice President, [240];
did not favour Erie canal, [246];
nominated to beat Clinton, [274];
majorities in prior elections, [275];
shortage in war accounts, [275-82];
effort to prevent nomination of, [275-8];
Yates on, [279];
insisted on fifth race, [279];
handicapped by canal record, [279];
defeated, [281];
sad closing of his life, [282];
president constitutional con., 1821, [299];
willing to run for gov., 1822, [318].
Toombs, Robert, opposes attack on Fort Sumter, iii. [2];
prophecy fulfilled, [3].
Tories, treatment of, i. [23];
their flight to Nova Scotia, [26].
Tousey, Sinclair, joins Lib. Rep. movement, iii. [283];
organises its con. for Greeley's nomination, [283];
del. to Lib. Rep. state con., 1872, [296].
Townsend, Henry A., character and career of, i. [217];
member of Council, [217];
supports Clinton for mayor, [217].
Townsend, John D., strong supporter of Tam., iii. [383].
Townsend, Martin I., as an orator, iii. [80-1];
arraigns Seymour, [81];
nominated for atty.-gen., 1869, [226];
defeated, [227].
Tracy, Albert H., gifts and career of, i. [372];
in Congress, [372];
mentioned for U.S. Senate, [372];
ambitious for public life, [372];
easy principles, [372];
like Jefferson in appearance, [372-3];
nominated for state Senate, [373];
faithful to Weed, [379];
presides at anti-masonic con., [393];
weakens after defeat, [397];
Weed on, [397];
Seward on, [397], note;
leaves Anti-Masons, [398];
others follow, [399];
withdraws from politics, ii. [38];
loses chance of being Vice President and President, [40].
Tracy, John, nominated for lt.-gov., 1832, i. [395];
renominated, 1836, ii. [11];
elected, [14];
renominated, 1838, [23];
defeated, [29].
Treaty with England, 1795, excitement over, i. [65];
Jay's opinion of, [66];
what it accomplished, [67].
Tremaine, Grenville, nominated for atty.-gen., 1877, iii. [377];
defeated, [387].
Tremaine, Lyman, Dems. nominate him for atty.-gen., 1861, iii. [21];
refused to accept, [24];
character of, [24];
addresses a Union meeting, [26];
nominated by Reps. for lt.-gov., 1862, [45], note;
defeated, [51];
ch'm. Rep. state con., 1864, [90];
his leadership, [91];
on death of Wadsworth, [91];
del.-at-large to Rep. nat. con., 1864, [92];
president of Rep. state con., 1866, [150];
aspires to U.S. Senate, [166];
aspirant for gov., 1868, [193];
nominated for congressman-at-large, 1872, [296];
elected, [302].
Troup, Robert, in campaign, 1789, i. [42].
Trowbridge, Charles W., nominated for prison insp., 1876, iii. [339];
defeated, [350].
Tweed Ring, begins its career, iii. [176];
its leading members, [177];
first frauds in elections, [175];
its character exposed, [206];
Greeley characterises it, [207];
secures new city charter, [229];
members take places of power, [229];
loot the city treasury, startling disclosures, [246-7];
punishment of its members, [247-8];
aggregate sum stolen, [249];
amount recovered, [249].
Tweed's judges, Barnard, Cardozo, and McCunn, iii. [248];
Cardozo resigns, [248];
others impeached, [248];
McCunn dies soon after sentenced, [248];
Barnard soon follows, [248].
Tweed, William M., favours repeal of Missouri Compromise, ii. [195].
Early career of, iii. [176];
a recognised boss, [176];
manners and character, [176];
officials selected, [177];
signs of wealth, [178];
political ambition, [178];
demands at Dem. state con., 1867, [178];
vice president of Dem. nat. con., 1868, [197];
forces Hoffman's renomination for gov., 1868, [205];
his frauds, 1868, [206];
Greeley's attack, [207];
his infamous circular, [213];
evidences of his fraud in election, [215-8];
elected to state Senate, [223];
important committees, [223];
plunders through tax-levies, [224];
Reps. aid him, [225];
gets majority in Senate, [227];
controls the state, [227];
leader of state Democracy, [228];
his city charter passed, [229];
its character, [228-9];
enormous bribery, [229];
takes position of most power, [229];
loots the city treasury, [229];
controls Dem. state con., 1870, [230];
Nast's cartoons, [242], [245];
lavish campaign expenses, [243];
personal extravagance, [244];
purchases control of Assembly, 1871, [245];
scheme to widen Broadway, [244];
viaduct railway, [244];
offers bribes to prevent exposure, [245];
punishment and death, [246-8];
controls Dem. state con., 1871, [269];
"Let's stop those damned pictures," [274].
Twombly, Horatio N., del. to Lib. Rep. state con., 1872, iii. [296].
Tyler, John nominated for Vice President, ii. [40];
nobody else would take it, [40];
becomes President, [47];
turns against the Whigs, [47-8].
Ullman, Daniel, nominated for gov., 1854, ii. [202];
career of, [202];
defeated, [204].
Union College, founded by Joseph C. Yates, i. [249];
Seward, an alumnus of, [379].
Union League Clubs, organisation, iii. [59] and note;
Seward's praise of, [59];
Brady's work in, [59];
Van Buren's loyalty exhibited, [59];
Seymour not a member of, [61].
Union League Club of New York, iii. [59];
when organised, [59], note;
investigates fraud, 1868, [215].
Union Square war meeting, 1861, iii. [5].
United States Bank, incorporation of, i. [186];
Clinton defeats extension of charter, [186];
the great issue, 1832, [392];
preferred to compromise than fight Jackson, [393];
Webster and Clay objected, [393];
Congress extends charter, [393];
Jackson vetoes it, [393];
creates fear of panic, [400].
United States Senate. See [Senate, United States].
United States senators. See [Senators, United States].
Utica Republican, established by Conkling, 1877, iii. [385];
its aggressive character, [385], note;
publication discontinued, 1879, [397].
Vallandigham, Clement L., arrest of, iii. [64];
banished to Southern Confederacy, [64];
Lincoln's letter, [66];
dangerous precedent, [66].
Van Buren, John, son of Martin Van Buren, ii. [128];
career and gifts of, [128-30];
leading Free-soiler, [128], [129], [141];
reason for, [129];
Lord on, [128];
Wilson on, [130];
Seymour afraid of, [130];
style of oratory, [130];
at Utica con., [131];
appearance of, [141];
avenged his father's wrongs, [144];
compared to Seymour, [150];
opposed Seymour for nomination, [172-3];
supports him for gov., 1852, [177];
advocates popular sovereignty, [250];
opens way for Douglas, 1860, [250].
Favours Dix for gov., 1862, iii. [37], [48];
supports Seymour, [48];
humour of, [48];
Tribune criticises, [48], [49];
loyalty exhibited, [59];
in campaign, 1864, [123];
nominated for atty.-gen., 1865, [129];
stigmatises Seymour, [134];
defeated, [135];
death, [135], note.
Van Buren, John D., member of Tilden's canal com., 1875, iii. [323];
nominated for state eng., 1874, [326];
elected, [331].
Van Buren, Martin, supports DeWitt Clinton for President, i. [206], [208];
career, gifts, and character of, [206-10];
compared with Clinton, [208];
deserts Clinton, [212];
energy in war of 1812, [232];
made atty.-gen., [232];
opposed by Spencer, [232];
opposes Spencer, [233];
cunning support of Tompkins, [240];
disturbed over Clinton's action, [247];
adroit opposition, [248];
outwitted by Spencer, [250];
ludicrous picture of, [250];
urges building of canal, [251];
makes war on Clinton, [255];
sneers of Elisha Williams, [255];
Fellows-Allen case, [256];
drives Clinton to bolt, [257-60];
deprives Clinton of patronage, [260-1];
silences opposition to canal, [261-2];
prevents Spencer's nomination to U.S. Senate, [266-7];
favours re-election of King, [268];
reason for bold stand, [268-9];
removed as atty.-gen., [273];
an "arch scoundrel," [273];
calls Clintonians "political blacklegs," [274];
effort to prevent Tompkins' nomination, [275-8];
Tompkins' war accounts, [276];
confident of Tompkins' election, [281];
dismissal of postmasters, [285];
the "prince of villains," [286];
elected to U.S. Senate, [286];
Clinton's vituperative allusions to, [286], note;
selects Talcott, Marcy, and Butler, [291-3];
conspicuous work in constitutional con., 1821, [299-310];
Crawford for President, [324];
outwitted by Weed, [339-40];
weakened by Young's and Crawford's defeat, [344];
non-committalism, [345-6], note;
methods of Burr, [346];
joins Clinton in support of Jackson, [346];
conciliatory policy toward Clinton, [347];
opposes Adams' administration, [348];
a leader in U.S. Senate, [349];
parliamentary debates, [349-50], [365];
organiser of modern Dem. party, [350], [365];
John Q. Adams on, [350];
equivocal support of Rochester, [352];
re-elected to U.S. Senate, [353];
Parton on, [353];
Jackson on, [353];
nominated for gov., 1828, [364], [367];
cleverly divides opponents, [364-5];
appearance at church, [365];
puts Throop on ticket, [365];
acting gov. Pitcher, [366];
strong friends, [367];
elected, [368];
seventy days a gov., [383];
insincerity of, [383];
sec. of state, [383];
a politician's face, [384];
resigns from Cabinet, [387];
minister to England, [387];
rejected by Senate, [387-9];
spoilsman, [389], note;
on his rejection, [389-90];
friends indignant, [390];
nominated for Vice President, [391];
tendered reception, [391];
elected, [397].
Dix's devotion to, ii. [4];
Crockett's life of, [4];
opponents of, [4];
Calhoun on, [4];
nominated for President, [4-5];
attitude toward slavery, [5], [10], [11];
elected, [14];
moral courage of, [41];
fearless statesman, [41];
renominated for President, [41];
sub-treasury scheme, [41-2];
defeat of, [43-5];
retirement to Lindenwald, [46], [74];
Texas question, [65-9];
Hammet letter, [66-7];
Southern hostility, [70];
two-thirds rule, [71], note;
defeated at Baltimore, [71-5];
friends proscribed, [94];
a Barnburner, [127];
nominated for President at Utica, 1848, [131];
endorsed by Buffalo con., [133];
Webster's pun, [133];
Sumner on, [133];
defeated, [143-4];
supports Pierce and Seymour, 1852, [177];
criticised by Southern press, iii. [10].
Van Cortlandt, James, in first constitutional con., i. [5].
Van Cortlandt, John, in first constitutional con., i.

[5].
Van Cortlandt, Philip, in first constitutional con., i. [5].
Van Cortlandt, Pierre, renominated for lt.-gov., 1792, i. [51];
supports DeWitt Clinton for President, [202].
Van Cott, Joshua M., nominated for atty.-gen., 1867, iii. [174];
defeated, [188];
nominated for judge of Court of Appeals, 1878, iii. [392], note;
defeated, [397].
Van Ness, William P., on Livingston's defeat, i. [83];
with Burr in Albany, [103];
practises deception, [103];
on Ambrose Spencer, [117];
on the Council's treatment of Burr, [119];
as "Aristides," [123-6];
law teacher of Van Buren, [207].
Van Ness, William W., gifts and character of, i. [153];
leads Federalists against Clinton, [154];
elected judge of Supreme Court, [157];
mentioned for gov., [236];
supports Clinton for gov., 1817, [248];
asks Kent to stand for U.S. Senate, [268];
charged with hypocrisy, [268];
retires from Supreme Court, [323];
early death of, [323].
Van Rensselaer, Jacob R., character and career of, i. [248];
supports Clinton for gov., 1817, [248].
Van Rensselaer, Jeremiah, lt.-gov., i. [180].
Van Rensselaer, Solomon, adj.-gen., i. [287];
summary removal from office, [287];
service at Queenstown Heights, [293].
Van Rensselaer, Stephen, candidate for lt.-gov., 1798, i. [82];
character and family of, [82];
candidate for gov., 1801, [115];
defeated, [115];
nominated for gov. by Federalists, [213];
record as a soldier, [214];
Jefferson's opinion of, [214];
in command at Queenstown Heights, [222];
failure of, [222];
resigns command, [222];
family and career of, [341];
brother-in-law of Hamilton, [342];
established Troy Polytechnical Institute, [342];
in election of John Quincy Adams, [343];
importance of his action, [343].
Van Vechten, Abraham, gifts and character of, i. [168-9];
refused a Supreme Court judgeship, [169];
assails embargo, [169];
becomes atty.-gen., [172];
removed, [179];
opposes State Bank, [188];
work in constitutional con. of 1821, [303].
Van Wyck, Charles H., ch'm. Rep. state con., 1866, iii. [150];
speech censored, [150];
aspires to be gov., 1868, [193];
ch'm. Rep. state con., 1870, [235].
Verplanck, Gulian C., gifts and career of, i. [400];
Whig candidate for mayor of New York, 1834, [400];
defeated, [401].
Wadsworth, James, native of Connecticut, ii. [235];
graduate of Yale, [235];
early settler in Genesee Valley, [235];
duel with Kane, [235-6];
interested in schools, [235];
wealthy and generous, [235];
averse to holding public office, [235].
Wadsworth, James S., son of James, ii. [236];
graduate of Yale, [236];
studied law with Webster, [236];
gifts of, [236];
appearance of, [236];
a Barnburner, [236];
ambitious to be gov., [236];
beaten by Weed, [235-6];
defeated for U.S. Senate, [244];
at peace congress, [350].
Member of Union Defence com., 1861, iii. [8];
aide on McDowell's staff, [8];
made brigadier-general, [8];
thought available for gov., [42];
war service, [42];
duties as a major-general, [42];
character, [43];
generosity, [43];
political strength, [43];
opposed by Weed, Seward, and Raymond, [43];
nominated for gov., 1862, [45];
criticised, [46], [48];
makes one speech, [50];
defeated, [51];
reasons for it, [51];
killed in battle of Wilderness, [91];
his defeat for gov. resented, [91];
his supporters control Rep. state con., 1864, [91].
Wadsworth, James W., nominated for state comp., 1879, iii. [416];
elected, [427];
name presented for gov., 1882, [492];
his alleged dels. used to defeat Cornell, [494].
Wagner, George, nominated for prison insp., 1874, iii. [314];
elected, [319].
Wakeman, Abraham, president Rep. state con., 1863, iii. [74];
postmaster at New York, [74], note.
Wales, Salem H., nominated for mayor of New York, 1874, iii. [314];
defeated, [319].
Walruth, Christopher A., nominated for canal com., 1874, iii. [326];
elected, [331].
Walworth, Reuben H., appointed chancellor, i. [366];
nominated for gov., ii. [134];
career of, [134];
at Democratic state peace con., [355].
Ward, Hamilton, at Rep. state con., 1871, iii. [261];
services and character, [261];
proposes a compromise, [261];
crushed by Conkling, [263];
nominated for atty.-gen., 1879, [416];
elected, [427].
Ward, Henry Dana, editor Anti-Masonic-Review, i. [370].
War of 1812, declared, i. [221];
Federalists refused to support, [220];
soldiers poorly equipped, [220];
Dearborn commands on Canadian border, [221];
failure of plans, [222];
offers to resign, [222];
cowardice and loss at Queenstown Heights, [222];
valour of Scott, [223];
Armstrong's plans, [223];
valour of Jacob Brown, [223];
battle at York, [223];
dismal failures, [223];
Wilkinson relieves Dearborn, [223];
Hampton ordered to Plattsburgh, [224];
complete failure of plans, [224];
Buffalo burned and Fort Niagara captured, [224];
quarrels of generals and secretary of war, [224];
Perry's victory, [225];
Brown in command, [225];
character and career of, [225-6];
Scott promoted, [225];
battles at Chippewa, Lundy's Lane, Fort Erie, and Plattsburgh, [226];
brilliant leadership, [227];
Federalists talk of disunion, [227];
Washington captured and banks suspend specie payments, [227];
Hartford con. favours New England confederacy, [228];
alarming condition of affairs, [229];
battle of New Orleans, [229];
treaty of peace, [229];
valour of troops, [230].
Warren, Joseph, Buffalo Courier, iii. [201];
urges Seymour to accept nomination, 1868, [201];
secures Church's consent to run for gov., 1874, [312];
hot shot at Kelly, [313];
a leading Dem. editor, [420].
Washington, George, on independence, i. [2];
not desired, [2];
on Schuyler, [18];
on George Clinton, [22], [36];
on Hamilton, [26];
inauguration of, [44];
appoints Jay chief justice of U.S. Supreme Court, [114];
on inland navigation in New York, [241].
Watson, James, supports Burr for gov., 1792, i. [50];
elected to U.S. Senate, [70];
service and character of, [71].
Webb, James Watson, leaves Jackson party, 1832, i. [393];
editor of Courier and Enquirer, [393].
Career of, ii. [161-2];
duel with Marshall, [161];
challenges Cilley, [161];
appearance of, [161];
unites Courier with Enquirer, [162];
supports the Silver-Grays, [162];
defeated for minister to Austria, [162];
candidate for U.S. Senate, [161-2];
endorses Weed's compromise, [337].
Webster, Daniel, on Philip Schuyler, i. [18];
teller at John Q. Adams' election, [343];
defeats Van Buren, [387];
United States Bank, [393].
Weed, Joel, father of Thurlow, i. [317];
could not make a living, [317];
moved five times in ten years, [317].
Weed, Smith M., dispatches sent from South Carolina, 1876, iii. [351].
Weed, Thurlow, on Albany Regency, i. [294];
career, character, and gifts of, [317-19];
precocious, [318];
friends of best people, [318];
love match, [319];
slow in getting established, [319];
helped Southwick, 1822, [319];
supports Adams, 1824, [324];
opposes Clinton's removal, [328];
sleepless and tireless worker, [338];
united friends of Clay and Adams, [338-9];
well kept secret, [339];
Van Buren hit, [340], [344];
kept faith, [340-1];
predicts Granger's defeat, [368];
accepted leader against Van Buren, [369-70];
founded Anti-Masonic Enquirer, [370];
a born fighter, [371];
investigates crime of 1826, [370];
selects able lieutenants, [371];
incident of his poverty, [373];
founds Evening Journal, [374];
pungent paragraphs, [374], note;
met Croswell in boyhood, [374];
rival editors estranged, [375];
Croswell seeks aid of, [375];
growth of the Journal, [375];
"the Marcy patch," [395];
opposed to the United States Bank, [396], note;
organisation of Whig party, [394-401];
favours Seward for gov., 1834, [401].
On Democratic organisation, ii. [2];
Seward for gov., 1838, [19-21];
Fellows-Allen case, [22];
Seward's election, [29];
Dictator, [31-3], [36-8];
creates trouble, [38-9];
carries state Senate, [39];
made state printer, [39];
supports Harrison, [40];
unhappy, 1844, [84-5];
Clay's Alabama letter, [87-8];
opposed to Young for gov., [118];
for Taylor, 1848, [135-7];
breaks with Fillmore, [148];
assails Castle Garden meeting, [157];
defeats Fillmore, [166-7];
favours Scott, [166-7];
Scott's defeat, [178-9];
Greeley's appeal to, for gov., [198], note;
opposed to a Rep. party, 1854, [200];
at birth of party, 1855, [213];
criticised for delaying it, [219-21];
Seward and the Presidency, [229-32];
controlled election of U.S. senator, 1857, [243-5];
at Chicago con., [283];
Bowles on, [283];
offered Lane money to carry Indiana, [287], note;
weeps over Seward's defeat, [291];
returns Greeley's letter of 1854, [311];
denies seeing it, [318], [323];
replies to it, [318-23];
predicts Lincoln's election, [332];
proposed compromise, [336-44];
Greeley opposed, [343];
Lincoln opposed, [344];
work as a boss, [362];
relations with Lincoln, [362];
opposed Greeley for U.S. Senate, [363-5];
strained relations with Harris, [366];
Barney's appointment, [390-7].
Criticised by Southern press, 1861, iii. [10];
proposed conduct of the war, [14];
names Dix for gov., 1862, [37];
return from London, [41];
view of emancipation, [42];
pushes Morgan for U.S. Senate, [56];
controls canal patronage, [56];
withdraws from Evening Journal, [56];
did not return to Rochester, [57];
No. 12 Astor House, [58];
his services, [58];
his patriotism, [58];
cradle of "Amens," [58];
takes message from Lincoln to Seymour, [62];
resents retention of Barney, [85];
Lincoln sends for him, [86];
plan for peace, [86];
continues slavery, [86];
rejected by Lincoln, [87];
Barney to be removed, [87];
influence lessened, [89], [90];
beaten in Rep. state con., 1864, [91];
favours nomination of Grant, [93];
fickle support of the Vice President, [94];
Lincoln ignores his wishes, [97];
writes Seward of hopeless outlook, 1864, [104];
fails to defeat Greeley, 1864, [117];
supports Johnson, [130];
manages Saratoga con., 1866, [144];
also Philadelphia con., 1866, [144];
favours Dix for gov., 1866, [155];
surprised by Pierrepont's change, [159];
supports Hoffman, 1866, [161];
complains of President's action, [162];
favours Grant, 1868, [190];
opposes Fenton, 1869, [192];
influence of his absence, [222];
declines to head electoral ticket, 1872, [296];
suggests name of Douglass, [296], note;
favours greenbacks, [390];
fails to attend Rep. state con., 1878, because of feebleness, [412].
Wendell, Nathan D., nominated for state treas., iii. [416];
elected, [427].
West, DeWitt C., strong supporter of Tam., iii. [383].
Wheaton, Henry, supports Adams, 1824, i. [324];
gifts and career of, [324-5];
edited National Advocate, [324];
leader in People's party, [324];
Clinton's dislike of, [330], note.
Wheeler, William A., career and character, iii. [335];
nominated for Vice President, 1876, [335-6];
declared elected, [350];
declined to run for ch'm. of Rep. state con., 1879, [413];
not a fighter, [413], note;
presented for U.S. senator, 1881, [467].
Whig party, formed, 1834, i. [399];
name first used, [399];
opponents of, [399];
Webster on, [401];
its first campaign, [399-401];
first state con., [401];
Seward its first candidate for gov., [401];
hot campaign, [402-4];
defeated, [404].
Without a national platform, 1840, ii. [40];
log cabin campaign, [43-5];
its humiliation, [47-54];
defeated by Clay's letter, 1844, [89];
divided into Radicals and Conservatives, [116];
elects Young gov., [120];
carries state, 1847, [127];
without platform, 1848, [138];
carries state, 1848, [143];
elects Seward U.S. senator, [145-7];
elects state officers, 1849, [150];
approves higher law speech, [153-5];
nominated Hunt for gov., 1850, [154];
Silver-Grays secede, [155];
Hunt elected, [158];
avoids slavery issue, 1851, [163-5];
loses state, [165];
Greeley on, [165-6];
Fish on, [166];
defeated, 1852, [179];
carries state, 1853, [189];
Clark nominated for gov., [199];
elected, [203];
unites with Anti-Nebraska Dems., [194];
see [Rep. party].
Whig platform, 1852, Greeley on, ii. [175];
Seward on, [175].
Whigs, during Revolution, i. [24];
moderate and ultra, [24].
White, Andrew D., about Ira Harris, iii. [166];
presents Conkling's name for U.S. senator, [170];
about Seward, [213];
writes of election frauds, 1868, [215];
ch'm. Rep. state con., 1871, [258-9];
criticism of, [239-60] and note.
White, Hugh L., candidate of Southern Whigs, 1836, ii. [11].
Whitney, William C., an organiser of County Democracy, iii. [483].
Whittlesey, Frederick, editor, Rochester Republican, i. [370];
strong Anti-Mason, [370];
confidence in Weed, [375].
Wickham, William H., nominated for mayor of New York, 1874, iii. [314];
character, [314], note;
elected, [319].
Wide-awakes, marching body of young men, 1860, ii. [328];
their great number, [328].
Wilkin, James W., defeated for U.S. senator, i. [211];
result of a bargain, [211-2].
Wilkin, Samuel J., nominated for lt.-gov., ii. [80];
character and career of, [80];
defeated, [89].
Wilkinson, James, commands on Canadian border, i. [223];
career and character of, [223-4];
fails, quarrels, and retires in disgrace, [225].
Willers, Diedrich, nominated for sec. of state, 1871, iii. [273];
defeated, [275];
renominated, 1873, [308];
elected, [309].
Willet, Marinus, member first constitutional con., i. [5];

supports Burr, 1804, [138];
appointed mayor New York, [155];
army service, [155], [184-5];
removed from mayoralty, [165];
nominated for lt.-gov., [184];
defeated, [185];
opposed Jackson for President, [357];
presides at meeting, [357].
Williams, Elisha, gifts and career of, i. [207];
sneers at Van Buren, [255];
opposes Tompkins' accounts, [276];
member of constitutional con., 1821, [298];
nominated for Assembly, 1827, [358].
Williams, Robert, in Council, i. [171];
known as Judas Iscariot, [172].
Williams, William, nominated for State treasurer, 1861, iii. [24], note;
defeated, [29].
Willman, Andreas, nominated for prison insp., 1862, iii. [45], note;
defeated, [51].
Wilmot, David, ch'm. Chicago con., 1860, ii. [282].
Wilmot Proviso, supported by Preston King, ii. [102];
the issue presented, [126], note;
voted down by Whig Nat. con., 1848, [138].
Winans, Orange S., votes with Tweed, iii. [245];
unfortunate bargain, [245], note.
Wirt, William, Anti-Mason candidate for President, 1832, i. [398].
Wood, Benjamin, N.Y. News, conspicuous as an editor, iii. [420].
Wood, Fernando, ambitious to be candidate for gov., ii. [223];
character of, [323-4];
early career of, [233], note;
withdraws from Dem. state con., [249];
captures state con., [257];
a bold trick, [257];
at Charleston con., [270];
goes with South, [270];
advocates secession of New York City, [348];
Greeley on, [348-9].
Speech at Union Square meeting, iii. [6];
defeated for mayor, 1861, [30];
refused admission to Dem. state con., 1864, [101];
calls a peace con., 1864, [106];
Richmond humiliates, [106];
death of, [107].
Wood, Julius, tells Seward of Greeley's hostility, ii. [284], note.
Woodford, Stewart L., character and services, iii. [152];
his eloquence, [152];
nominated for lt.-gov., 1866, [152];
elected, [165];
suggested for gov., 1868, [193];
nominated for gov., 1870, [238];
defeated, [244];
presents Conkling's name for President, 1876, [335];
brilliant speech, [335];
New York presents him for Vice-President, 1876, [335];
defeated, [336];
work in campaign, 1878, [396];
interview with Conkling, 1880, [443];
presents Arthur for Vice-President, 1880, [444];
reappointed U.S. atty., [469].
Woodin, William B., opposes Cornell for lt.-gov., 1876, iii. [338];
at Rep. state con., 1880, [434];
advocates independence of dels., [434], [436];
agreed to support instructions of state con., [434];
appearance and character, [436];
avoids obeying instructions, [437];
severely criticised, [437].
Woodruff, Lewis B., nominated for judge of Court of Appeals, 1869, iii. [226];
defeated, [227].
Woodworth, John, defeated for Supreme Court, i. [156];
defeated for U.S. senator, [156];
removed as atty.-gen., [165];
Spencer favours restoration, [232];
opposed by Tompkins, [232].
Wool, John E., at peace congress, ii. [350].
Worth, Gorham A., banker, i. [318];
early friend of Weed, [318];
character of, [318].
Wortman, Teunis, bitter opponent of DeWitt Clinton, i. [181].
Wright, Silas, member of Albany Regency, i. [294], [384];
appointed comp., [383];
appearance and gifts of, [384];
career of, [384-5];
holder of many offices, [385];
knowledge of the tariff, [385].
In U.S. Senate, ii. [1];
writes for Argus, [2];
attitude toward slavery, [11];
re-elected to U.S. Senate, [65];
declines nomination to the U.S. Supreme Court, [73];
declines nomination for Vice-President, [73];
nominated for gov., [76-8];
compared with Fillmore, [80-1];
elected, [89];
approves constitutional con., [100];
vetoes canal appropriation, [101];
bitterness against, [114-5];
renominated for gov., 1846, [116];
refused to pardon Anti-Renters, [119];
defeated, [120];
reasons for, [121-3];
retirement to farm, [123-4];
death of, [124].
Wright, William B., candidate for judge of Court of Appeals, 1861, iii. [23], note;
elected, [29].
Wright, William W., nominated for canal com., 1861, iii. [21], note;
defeated, [29];
renominated, 1866, [159];
defeated, [165];
renominated, 1869, [226];
elected, [227].
Wyandotte constitution, see [Kansas].
Yancey, William L., at Charleston con., ii. [273].
Yates, Abraham, in first constitutional con., i. [5].
Yates, John Van Ness, appointed recorder at Albany, i. [179];
gifts and character, [257];
sec. of state, [321];
nephew of gov., [321];
on election of presidential electors, [325].
Yates, Joseph G., family, career, and character, i. [248-9];
founder of Union College, [249];
asked to stand for U.S. senate, [268];
on Tompkins, [279];
nominated for gov., 1822, [312-3];
opposed by Southwick, [316];
elected, [320];
nepotism and ingratitude of, [321-2];
opposes election of presidential electors, [323];
a political dodge, [325];
beaten by the Regency, [327];
revenge of, [330];
retirement of, [331].
Yates, Richard, in first constitutional con., i. [5].
Yates, Robert, member first constitutional con., i. [5];
delegate to amend Articles of Confederation, [29];
his fitness, [30];
first choice of Clinton, [30];
withdraws from con., [30];
refuses to sign Federal Constitution, [31];
in Poughkeepsie con., [33];
nominated for gov., [38];
Hamilton on nomination of, [38-9];
his character, career, and ability, [40-2];
Burr's friendship for, [43];
defeated for gov., [44];
appointed chief justice, [45];
nominated for gov., [64];
retires from Supreme Court, [68].
Young, John, member of Assembly, ii. [95];
career and character, [95-6];
gifts of, [96-7];
sudden rise to power, [96-7];
contest over fourth constitutional con., [97-101];
Seymour and, [99];
triumph of, [99-100];
carries canal appropriation, [100];
nominated for gov., 1846, [118];
Weed unfriendly to, [118];
agreed to pardon Anti-Renters, [118];
course on Mexican war, [119];
elected gov., [120];
aspirant for Vice-Presidency, 1848, [137];
loss of prestige, [139];
death of, [139].
Young, Samuel, speaker of Assembly, i. [232];
failed to become sec. of state, [233];
dislike of Clinton, [251-2];
quarrels with Van Buren, [254];
Clinton refuses to recognise, [254];
makes war on Clinton, [255];
candidate for U.S. senate, [263];
gifts and eloquence of, [265];
failed in caucus, [266-7];
number of votes received, [267];
in constitutional con., 1821, [299-310];
ambitious to be gov., 1822, [313];
bitterness over Yates' nomination, [314];
supports Clay, 1824, [324];
nominated for gov., 1824, [327];
great fight with Clinton, [332];
defeated, [333];
later career of, [333];
adheres to Jackson party, [394].
Sec. of state, ii. [52];
at Baltimore con., [72];
defeated for sec. of state, [92];
attack on Hunkers, [104];
at Utica con., [131];
death of, [157];
Greeley on, [158].
Younglove, Truman G., elected speaker of Assembly, iii. [220];
a Fenton lieutenant, [220];
fails to announce committees, [222];
becomes "a political corpse," [222];
ch'm. Lib. Rep. state con., 1872, [296].