INDEX.

PRINTED BY J. B. NICHOLS AND SONS, ORCHARD STREET, VICTORIA STREET, S.W.

[1]. See below, p. xxiv.

[2]. Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 28,212, ff. 22b, 26.

[3]. J. Gairdner, The Paston Letters, ed. 1896, iii. p. 301.

[4]. Ibid., ii. p. 335 (cf. p. xxx. below, note 2). This copy was included in a “grete booke,” other articles of which now form Lansdowne MS. 285. Ebesham’s hand as they show it is not identical with that of the Longleat MS., though it bears a certain resemblance to it.

[5]. Of the authorities used the best and most recent are E. Robineau, Christine de Pisan, sa vie et ses œuvres, St. Omer, 1882; F. Koch, Leben und Werke der Christine de Pizan, Goslar, 1885; M. Roy, Œuvres poétiques de Christine de Pisan, Soc. des Anciens Textes Français, i.–iii. 1886–1896. The most interesting details are derived from her own writings, many of which are still unprinted.

[6]. See below, p. xxxvi.

[7]. Koch, p. 14.

[8]. This date may be inferred from two statements by herself, one in “Le Chemin de long estude,” written in 1402, that she had then been widowed thirteen years (ed. R. Püschel, Berlin, 1887, p. 6), and the other in “La Vision” (Koch, p. 12) that she was twenty-five when her husband died, sc. in 1389.

[9]. “Car comme renommée lors tesmoignast par toute crestienté la souffisance de mon pere naturel és sciences spéculatives comme supellatif astrologien, jusques en Ytalie en la cité de Boulongne la grace par ses messages l’envoya quérir” (“Livre des fais et bonnes meurs du sage roy Charles V.,” in Petitot’s Collection des Mémoires, v. p. 275).

[10]. Robineau, p. 10.

[11]. Thus in “La Vision” she writes “le me tolli en fleur de ieunece, comme en l’aage de xxxiiij. ans, et moy de xxv. demouray chargee de iii. enfans petiz et de grant maisnage” (cf. p. xi. note 4).

[12]. Œuvres poétiques, ed. Roy, i. p. 12, “Cent Balades,” No. xi., and p. 148, “Rondeaux,” No. iii.

[13]. John de Montacute or Montagu, who succeeded his father as second Baron Montacute in 1390, his mother as Baron Monthermer in 1395 (?), and his uncle as third Earl of Salisbury in 1397. One of the objects of his embassy in 1398 was to hinder the marriage of Henry of Lancaster with a daughter of the Duke of Berry. Christine speaks of him as “gracieux chevalier, aimant dictiez et luy mesme gracieux dicteur” (Boivin, “Vie de Chr. de Pisan,” in Kéralio’s Collection des meilleurs ouvrages François, 1787, ii. p. 118).

[14]. Koch, p. 36.

[15]. In a ballad praying the Duke of Orleans to take him into his service (Roy, i. p. 232) she speaks of his having been three years in England:

Ja trois ans a que pour sa grant prouesse

L’en amena le conte très louable

De Salsbery, qui moru a destrece

Ou mal païs d’Angleterre, ou muable

Y sont la gent.

Elsewhere she says that Henry IV. “tres joyeusement prist mon enfant vers luy et tint chierement et en très bon estat” (Boivin, p. 119).

[16]. All printed by Roy, vol. ii. 1891.

[17]. An edition, “traduit de langue romanne en prose françoise par Jan Chaperon,” appeared at Paris in 1549. See also above, p. xi., note 4, Koch, p. 76, and Kéralio, ii. p. 297.

[18]. For an analysis see Koch, p. 63.

[19]. In this part of the work she plagiarizes largely from the so-called Travels of Sir John Mandeville (see article by P. Toynbee in Romania, xxi. 1892, p. 228).

[20]. Printed in Petitot’s Collection des Mémoires, 1824, vols. v. vi. and elsewhere.

[21]. Analysed by Koch, p. 73.

[22]. As in the dedication of the “Épître d’Othéa” partly printed below, p. xxxvi.

[23]. The original of The book of fayttes of armes and of Chyualrye, printed by Caxton in 1489. He tells us in a note that it was given to him by Henry VII. on 23rd January, 1489, to translate and print, “to thende that euery gentylman born to armes and all manere men of werre captayns souldiours vytayllers and all other shold haue knowlege how they ought to behaue theym in the fayttes of warre and of bataylles.” He adds that the translation was finished on the 8th July and printed on the 14th. A French edition appeared at Paris in 1488, and others in 1497, etc.

[24]. An English translation by Bryan Anslay, entitled The boke of the cyte of Ladyes, was printed at London, 1521.

[25]. For the dedication to the Dauphiness and the table of chapters see Thomassy, Essai sur les écrits politiques de Christine de Pisan, 1838, p. 185.

[26]. Printed by Thomassy, p. 133.

[27]. Ibid., p. 141.

[28]. For an analysis of its contents, with extracts, see ibid., p. 150. The Dauphin Louis was born in 1396 and died in 1415.

[29]. See Thomassy, p. xlii.; Martin, Histoire de France, 4th ed. 1878, vi. p. 192. It is dated 31st July, 1429, a fortnight after the coronation of Charles VII. at Reims.

[30]. “Je Christine, qui ay plouré xi. ans en l’abbaye close.” It was perhaps the abbey of Poissy, of which her daughter was already an inmate in 1400 (above, p. xiv.), and which may possibly be meant by “Passy” in the passage from the Boke of Noblesse quoted in a note on p. xxxiii.

[31]. See below, p. xxxv.

[32]. Koch, p. 81. Louis was born 13th March, 1372.

[33]. Robineau, p. 89, speaks as if it was addressed to Charles himself, but the words are “Dorliens duc Loys” (see below, p. xxxvi.).

[34]. See pp. xxxiv., xxxvii.

[35]. “Les enseignemens que je Cristine donne a Jehan de Castel mon filz” (Œuvres poétiques, ed. Roy, iii. p. 27).

[36]. See the comparative table in Roy, i. p. xxii.

[37]. This was first pointed out by the Abbé Sallier, Mémoires de l’Académie Royale des Inscriptions, xvii. 1751, p. 518.

[38]. See articles by B. Hauréau in Mémoires de l’Académie des Inscriptions, xxx. 1883, p. 45, and by G[aston] P[aris] in the Histoire Littéraire de la France, xxix. 1885, p. 502.

[39]. Guiffrey, Inventaires de Jean, Duc de Berry, 1894, i. p. 237, “escript en françois rimé”; Delisle, Le Cabinet des MSS., iii. p. 192.

[40]. Guiffrey, i. pp. 226, 229, ii. p. 127.

[41]. Romania, xiv. 1885, p. 1.

[42]. De Jong and De Goeje, Catalogus codicum orientalium Bibl. Acad. Lugd. Bat., iii. p. 342; Brockelmann, Geschichte der Arabischen Literatur, i. p. 459.

[43]. Salv. de Renzi, Collectio Salernitana, iii. 1854, p. 69, “Incipit liber philosophorum moralium .... quem transtulit de Greco in Latinum Mag. Johannes de Procida.” The Latin text is quoted in the notes here from Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 16,906, the French text from Royal MS. 19 B iv., both of the 15th century.

[44]. P. Paris, Les MSS. françois de la Bibl. du Roi, v. p. 1.

[45]. “Enprynted by me William Caxton at Westmestre the yere of our lord m.cccc.lxxvii.” A second edition appeared in 1480 (?), and a third, by W. de Worde, in 1528.

[46]. Thus, the translator says in his preface, “And at the last [I] concluded in my self to translate it in to thenglyssh tong, wiche in my jugement was not before,” and Caxton adds in the colophon, “Certaynly I had seen none in englissh til that tyme.”

[47]. No doubt there is some rhetorical exaggeration in the expression “othir straunge regions, londes and contrees” (p. 2, cf. p. xxx below); at any rate, there is no evidence that Fastolf served anywhere but in France, both north and south, and in Ireland.

[48]. In the colophon to the other work he is styled son-in-law, but the meaning is the same.

[49]. There is a good account of him in the Dict. of National Biography, vol. xviii. See also G. Poulett Scrope, Hist. of Castle Combe, 1852, ch. vii. p. 169. Besides other authorities given in the first-named work, some further particulars and corrections are supplied in Wylie’s Hist. of England under Henry IV., 1884–1898, and in Sir J. H. Ramsay’s Lancaster and York, 1892.

[50]. Wylie, iii. p. 168.

[51]. Ibid.

[52]. Hist. of Castle Combe, p. 282.

[53]. Wylie, iv. p. 74.

[54]. Wylie, iv. p. 86.

[55]. The warrant for his pay, 18th June, is in Rymer’s Fœdera, ed. 1740, iv. pt. ii. p. 130.

[56]. According to the Boke of Noblesse (see below, p. xliii.), p. 15, “the seyd erle made Ser John Fastolfe, chevaler, his lieutenaunt with mlvc soudeours.”

[57]. Rymer, iv. pt. ii. p. 153. Dict. Nat. Biogr. has 1417–18.

[58]. The Boke of Noblesse, after praising him for his care in provisioning his garrisons, goes on to say (p. 68), “and that policie was one of the grete causes that the regent of Fraunce and the lordes of the kyngys grete councelle lefft hym to hafe so many castells to kepe that he ledd yerly iiic sperys and the bowes.” The value of his foresight in this respect is then illustrated by an anecdote of what happened when the Bastille was threatened with a siege in 1420.

[59]. The Dict. Nat. Biogr. oddly calls the place Mons!

[60]. Act iii. sc. 2, ll. 104–109; Act iv. sc. 1, ll. 9–47.

[61]. Paston Letters, i. p. 37; Stevenson, Wars of the English in France, Rolls Series, ii. pt. ii. p. [549].

[62]. Stevenson, pp. [433], [575].

[63]. Ramsay, Lancaster and York, ii. p. 41.

[64]. Brit. Mus. Add. ch. 14,598, “pro notabili et laudabili seruicio ac bono consilio que predilectus consiliarius noster Ioh. Fastolff miles nobis impendit et impendet in futurum,” 12 May, 19 Hen. VI. The future service was no doubt to be rendered in the council-chamber rather than the field.

[65]. “Thus endeth the boke of Tulle of olde age translated ont of latyn in to frenshe by laurence de primo facto ... and enprynted by me symple persone William Caxton in to Englysshe ... the xii day of August the yere of our lord m.cccc.lxxxi.”

[66]. He was father of Sir John Paston, for whom a copy of “Othea” was written in 1469, as well as of John Paston the younger, who owned a copy somewhat later (see above, p. x).

[67]. See Gairdner’s introduction, ed. 1896, i. p. lxxxvii. Fastolf’s relations with his stepson are also illustrated by numerous documents in G. Poulett Scrope’s History of Castle Combe, where there are memoirs of both, as lords of that manor.

[68]. Hist. of Castle Combe, p. 279.

[69]. “Thorugh the wiche sale I tooke sekenesses that kept me a xiii. or xiiii. yere swyng, whereby I am disfigured in my persone and shall be whilest I lyve” (ibid.).

[70]. From some curious accounts dealing with meat and fish in 1427–8 (ibid. p. 266) he was perhaps in the commissariat service.

[71]. Hist. of Castle Combe, p. 169.

[72]. Chroniques, ed. W. Hardy, Rolls Series, vol. for 1422–31, p. 289. Elsewhere (p. 254) he describes him as “moult sage et prudent aux armes au quel se fyoit grandement le duc de Bethfort, regent.”

[73]. She was a second wife, but the name of the first, who bore him a daughter, is not known (Hist. of Castle Combe, p. 271).

[74]. Ibid., p. 276; Paston Letters, i. p. 356.

[75]. Ibid., p. 419.

[76]. William Paston to John Paston: “He wyll dwelle at Caster, and Skrop wyth hym” (Paston Letters, i. p. 296). “The chaumboure sumtyme for Stephen Scrope” is mentioned in the inventory of Fastolf’s effects at Caister made after his death (ibid., i. p. 482).

[77]. See below, p. xliii. The note (Roxburghe Club ed. p. 54) runs, “Notandum est quod Cristina [fuit] domina præclara natu et moribus et manebat in domo religiosarum dominarum apud Passye prope Parys; et ita virtuosa fuit quod ipsa exhibuit plures clericos studentes in vniuersitate Parisiensi, et compilare fecit plures libros virtuosos, utpote librum arborum bellorum, et doctores racione eorum exhibicionis attribuerunt nomen autoris Cristine, sed aliquando nomen autoris clerici studentis imponitur in diuersis libris; et vixit circa annum Christi 1430, sed floruit ab anno Christi 1400.”

[78]. Guiffrey, Inventaires, i. p. 249; cf. Delisle, Le Cabinet des MSS., iii. p. 193, no. 290.

[79]. In answer to an inquiry M. Omont, keeper of MSS., kindly states that only one of them, franç. 12,438, a poor copy on paper, contains a dedication to the Duke of Berry. It begins “Le Prologue. Louenge à Dieu soit .... et après ensuivant à très noble fleur .... et puis à vous excellant prince, saige, bon et vertueux, Jehan excellant, redoubté filz au roy de France .... duc de Berry,” etc.

[80]. The “Cent Balades d’Amant et de Dame” (Œuvres Poétiques, ed. Roy, iii. p. 209), besides ten others.

[81]. Printed by Roy, i. p. xiv. The MS. is there described and compared with another rather earlier collection (now Bibl. Nat. franç. 835, 606, 836, 605), which the Duke of Berry bought from Christine for 200 crowns. A reduced facsimile of the first page of the Harley MS., with a large miniature of Christine presenting the volume to the queen in her bedchamber, is prefixed to Roy’s vol. iii. (cf. a note by P. Meyer, p. xxii.). A coloured plate of the same miniature is given by Shaw, Dresses and Decorations of the Middle Ages, 1843.

[82]. Delisle, Le Cabinet des MSS., i. p. 52.

[83]. This is the only edition in the British Museum. Its second title runs: Lepistre de Othea deesse de prudence enuoyee a lesperit cheualereux Hector de troye auec cent hystoires. Nouuellement imprimee a Paris. Other editions are said to have been issued at Lyons in 1497 and 1519, and at Paris in 1522.

[84]. Both date and age were given on his tomb at Bourges erected by Charles VII. in 1457 (Raynal, Histoire du Berry, 1844, ii. pp. 504, 513; Champeaux and Gauchery, Les Travaux d’art executés pour Jean de France, Duc de Berry, 1894, p. 43).

[85]. Ed. 1644, p. 238. Bouchet was born in 1476, and his work first appeared in 1524. I owe the reference to it to Mr. Wylie.

[86]. Histoire du Berry, ii. p. 375.

[87]. Histoire de France, 4th edition, 1878, vi. p. 25. The most favourable view of his character is given by Guiffrey, Inventaires, p. cxci.

[88]. “Now children of gramere scole conneþ no more Frensch þan can here lift heele ... also gentil men habbeþ now moche yleft for to teche here childern Freynsch” (R. Morris, Specimens of Early English, 1867, p. 339). See also the Rolls Series edition of Higden, ii. p. 161, where Trevisa’s text is taken from another MS.

[89]. See Chaucer’s Nonne Prestes tale, l. 14, “Of poynant saws hir needide never a deel.”

[90]. See above, p. xxxvi. There is an imperfect copy of the English text in the British Museum (C. 21. a. 34).

[91]. H. R. Plomer, Robert Wyer, printer and bookseller, 1897. For an account of the woodcuts, see p. 9.

[92]. “Here endyth thys Epistle, undre correccion, the xv. day of June, the yeere of Crist Mciiiiclxxv.,” etc. (p. 85).

[93]. Examples of his writing are fairly abundant, e.g. in the Brit. Mus. MSS. Cotton Julius F. vii., Royal 13 C. i., Sloane 4 and Add. 27,443–4, 28,208, 34,888. In Sloane MS. 4, f. 38b, he gives a curious account of Fastolf’s last illness.

[94]. Stevenson, Wars of the English in France, vol. ii. pt. ii. pp. [519]–[742], from Lambeth MS. 506, which is partly in Worcester’s own hand. His Annals, extending from 1324 to 1468, are printed in the same volume, p. [743], from the autograph MS. in the College of Arms.

[95]. Hist. of Castle Combe, p. 288.

[96]. Written about 1385 and dedicated to Charles VI. It was first printed at Lyons about 1480. See the modern edition by E. Nys, L’Arbre de Batailles, Brussels, 1883.

[97]. The colophon of Caxton’s English version (above, p. xvi.) points to the source of the misnomer: “Thus endeth this boke whiche Xpyne of Pyse made and drewe out of the boke named Vegecius de re militari and out of tharbre of bataylles.” Christine in fact made use of Bonet’s work.

[98]. “I may sey to you that William hath goon to scole to a Lumbard called Karoll Giles, to lern and to be red in poetre or els in Frensh; for he hath byn with the same Caroll every dey ii. tymes or iii. and hath bought divers boks of hym,” H. Wyndesore to J. Paston, 27th Aug. 1458 (Paston Letters, i. p. 431).

[99]. Paston Letters, i. p. cxiv.; Hist. of Castle Combe, p. 194.

[100]. Ed. J. Nasmith, 1778, p. 368, “1473, die 10 Aug. presentavi W. episcopo Wyntoniensi apud Asher librum Tullii de Senectute per me translatum in anglicis, sed nullum regardum recepi de episcopo.”

[101]. For this dedication, addressed by the translator, Stephen Scrope, to his stepfather, Sir John Fastolf, see the Introduction.

[102]. Sc. worldly.

[103]. Sc. old.

[104]. So the MS., but John, Duke of Berry, was born 30th November, 1340, and died 15th June, 1416.

[105]. The mythical Hermes Trismegistus. The citations from these and other less well known philosophers were taken by Christine de Pisan from Guillaume de Tignonville’s “Les dis moraulx des Philosophes,” which Scrope himself translated into English (see Introduction). “Salomon” here represents the “Salon” or “Zalon,” sc. Solon, of the original.

[106]. Sc. thee, which is spelt “the” throughout.

[107]. This parentage is explained further on, pp. 22, 24.

[108]. Sc. Heir; Feyre MS.; Hoir, H.

[109]. Affin que ton bon cuer sadrece, H. The translator no doubt read “tout bon cœur.”

[110]. Qui de tous vaillans est ame, H. Pegasus is explained below (p. 15) as meaning “a goode name, the which flyeth through the eyre.”

[111]. Sc. thee, whole and sum; me doit il de toy souuenir, H.

[112]. Et que tu me vueilles bien croire, H.

[113]. Sagesse de femme, H.

[114]. Thas, MS.

[115]. Greke, MS.; Troye la grant, H.

[116]. La belle ieunece, H.

[117]. Par les agais et assaulx, H.

[118]. Beatitude, H.

[119]. Sc. considering that.

[120]. Kynges, MS.; toutes choses terrestres, H.

[121]. Thesceyvable, MS., with “de” interlined.

[122]. De Singularitate Clericorum, attributed to Cyprian and Origen as well as to St. Augustine (Migne, Patrologia Latina, iv. col. 835). The passage runs (col. 866): “Ubicumque fuerit providentia, frustrantur universa contraria; ubi autem providentia negligitur, omnia contraria dominantur.”

[123]. Cesser et anientir, H.

[124]. Prov. ii. 10, 11. This and other quotations from the Vulgate are supplied from the French text, being omitted by the translator, possibly with the intention of filling them in from the Wycliffite English version.

[125]. De vaillance cheualereuse, H.

[126]. Seur germaine, H.

[127]. Sc. the leaf of a leek; Car selle nen faisoit le pois, Tout ne te vauldroit pas vn pois, H.

[128]. Serour, H.

[129]. Democritus, H.

[130]. De limiter les choses, H.

[131]. Ou liure des meurs de leglise, que loffice dattrempance est reffraindre et appaisier les meurs de concupiscence, H. The repetition of “meurs” caused the translator to omit some words. The reference is to the treatise “De moribus ecclesiæ catholicæ,” i. 19 (Migne, xxxii. 1326).

[132]. 1 Pet. ii. 11.

[133]. Sc. war, cf. next line; where, MS.

[134]. Sur la mer de Grece, H.

[135]. Maystyr, MS.; mestier, H.

[136]. Sc. by Cerberus.

[137]. Qui trop sont desloyaulx gaignons, H.

[138]. See below, p. 41.

[139]. Sc. on earth.

[140]. Aux lyons ne aux ours rampans, H.

[141]. Sc. allege, take example from; Et pour donner materiel exemple de force, allegue Hercules, H.

[142]. Sc. high; by, MS; hault exemple, H.

[143]. Sc. fought.

[144]. A leaf is here missing from the MS.

[145]. The complete “texte” in H. runs:—

Encor se veulx estre des noz,

Ressembler te couuient Minos,

Tout soit il iusticier et maistres

Denfer et de tous li estres.

Car se tu te veulx auancier,

Estre te couuient iusticier,

Autrement de porter heaume

Nes digne ne tenir royaume.

[146]. En Crete, H.

[147]. Fierte, H.

[148]. De adventu Domini Sermo iii. (Migne, clxxxiii. 45), but the passage is not literally translated.

[149]. Sa non puissance, H.

[150]. Chastisyng in chastisyng, MS.; garde et discipline, garde en le gardant de mal faire et discipline en le chastiant se il a mal fait, H.

[151]. Prov. xxi. 12, 15.

[152]. Apres te mire en Perseus, H., and so below; cf. Ovid, Met. iv., 610 sq.

[153]. Belue, H.; monstre, Wyer.

[154]. Chose couuenable, H.

[155]. Sc. won; il acquist, H.

[156]. Sc. should have; deuourer la deuoit, H.

[157]. Sc. flyeth; qui vole, H.

[158]. Many, MS.

[159]. Omitted in MS.; le porte, H.

[160]. Sermo ccclv., de vita et moribus clericorum (Migne, xxxix. 1569).

[161]. A bien viure, H.

[162]. Pour soy, H.; conscientia tibi, fama proximo tuo, S. Aug. The translator evidently read “foy.”

[163]. Eccl. xli. 15.

[164]. Sc. the planet Jupiter; Joyus, MS.; de iouis les condicions, H.

[165]. Jābir ibn Aflah, an Arab astronomer of uncertain date, whose work on Astronomy was published in Latin, in nine books, at Nuremberg in 1534. A 15th century MS. of it is in the British Museum, Harley MS. 625.

[166]. Perhaps Nicholas of Lynne, a Carmelite who lived in the latter part of the 14th century, and whose astronomical tables were used by Chaucer in his “Astrolabe.” Among other works he wrote tracts “de natura Zodiaci” and “de Planetarum domibus” (Tanner, Bibliotheca, p. 346).

[167]. Et est figuree a la compleccion sanguine, H.

[168]. Sc. Pythagoras.

[169]. Doulce et humaine, H.

[170]. A Nepocian, H. The passage does not appear to be among the works of St. Gregory, nor in St. Jerome’s epistle to Nepotianus.

[171]. Matt. v. 7.

[172]. Traueilleux, H.

[173]. Sc. Hermes Trismegistus.

[174]. An unintelligible corruption; fist lange deuenir deable, H. and other Fr. MSS.; doth [make] the aungell to become a devyll, Wyer; superbia est per quam angelus cecidit, per quam Adam de naturæ suæ dignitate dejectus est, Cass. Exp. in Psalterium (Migne, lxx. 843).

[175]. Tethe, MS.; la mort, H.

[176]. Sc. vein; la veine, H.

[177]. Ps. xxx. 7.

[178]. Sc. drove; le desherita et chaca, H.

[179]. Sc. ere; peser la chose ains quil donne, H.

[180]. Ye, MS.

[181]. Sc. note; peuent notter tous sages, H.

[182]. Moralia, xxvii. 3 (Migne, lxxvi. 401).

[183]. Ps. xviii. 10.

[184]. No such work appears under the name of Cassiodorus.

[185]. Esdras iii. 12.

[186]. The translator, not Christine de Pisan, is responsible for making Phœbe masculine.

[187]. Ep. ad Simplicianum (Migne, xvi. 1085).

[188]. Ne se plunge point, H.; non tristibus mergitur, St. Ambr.

[189]. Eccl. xxvii. 12.

[190]. Folowynge, MS. There is some confusion here in the translation, cf. en ce monde et que le bon esperit par son exemple [pot bien] ensuiuir son bon pere Ihesu Crist et batailler contre les vices, H.

[191]. Ephes. vi. 12.

[192]. Soyes aourne de faconde, H. The translator seems to have misinterpreted “faconde,” eloquence, speech, as “falchion.”

[193]. Sc. old; ce tapprendra Mercurius, H.

[194]. Qui vont deuant, H.

[195]. Luke x. 16.

[196]. Sc. By thy mother enough shall be assigned to thee; te liurera assez ta mere, H. The MS. reads “modus,” and in the next line “bater” (amere, H.).

[197]. Cuir-bouilli, leather boiled and moulded, while soft, into the required shape.

[198]. No exposition of the Creed appears among the works of Cassiodorus.

[199]. Sc. light; lumiere, H.

[200]. Hebr. xi. 6.

[201]. Sittyng, MS., and so also below.

[202]. There seems to be some confusion here between Pallas the goddess and Pallas son of Lycaon and reputed founder of Pallantium, in Arcadia.

[203]. ? join; il doit aiouster sagece a cheualerie, H.

[204]. The whiche vertue, MS.

[205]. Hebrews vi. 18.

[206]. Sc. Penthesileia, queen of the Amazons.

[207]. Dont si noble voix est semee, H.

[208]. Sic, the first letter being of course the Fr. “d’.”

[209]. Expos. in Ps. xii. (Migne, lxx. 100).

[210]. Soubz la quelle [pluye] germe la bonne voulente, H.

[211]. Inimicis benevola, bonis suis superans malos, Cass.

[212]. 1 Corinth, xiii. 4.

[213]. Narcissus, whose story is in Ovid, Met. iii. 341 sq.

[214]. Se esleua en si grant orgueil, H.

[215]. Cest a entendre loultrecuidance de lui meisme ou il se mira, H.

[216]. Thi, MS.; est sa vie contenue, H. The translator seems to have read “toute nue.”

[217]. Job xx. 6, 7.

[218]. Wrongly translated. H. reads:

Athamas plain de grant rage

La deesse de forcennage

Fist estrangler ces (sc. ses) .ii. enfans.

Pour ce grant yre te deffens.

The story (Ovid, Met. iv. 420 sq.), which is introduced again further on (p. 112), is much confused here. It is briefly as follows. Athamas by command of Hera married the divine Nephele, and had by her Phrixus and Helle. He was, however, more enamoured of Ino, who bore to him Learchus and Melicertes. Nephele in her anger having returned to heaven, Ino tried to get rid of her rival’s children. For this purpose she caused a famine by roasting the seed-corn before it was sown, and then bribed the messengers whom Athamas sent to Delphi for an oracle to bring back word that Phrixus must be sacrificed. Nephele, however, carried off Phrixus and his sister on the ram with the golden fleece, while Athamas, driven mad by Hera, killed his son Learchus, and Ino threw herself into the sea with Melicertes.

[219]. Sc. sodden; semer le ble cuit, H.

[220]. Hys, MS.

[221]. He, MS.

[222]. Yno, MS.; la deesse iuno, H.

[223]. A hole in the roof for the escape of smoke, here perhaps used for the hearth; le sueil, H.

[224]. Sic, meaning apparently “warring”; but from the reading in H., “a pou ne se entretuoyent,” it is perhaps a mistake for “near-hand,” sc. nearly, almost.

[225]. Quant la deesse virent tant espouentable, H.

[226]. Sic ira corrumpit cor, si in alium diem duraverit, S. Aug. Epist. ccx. (Migne, xxxiii. 958).

[227]. Ephes. iv. 26.

[228]. Aglauros or Agraulos, daughter of Cecrops. Hermes changed her into a stone for barring his access to her sister Herse (Ovid, Met. ii. 737 sq.).

[229]. Dey, MS.; seche, H.

[230]. Sic, probably for “too feloun a spotte”; trop est villeine tache et contre gentillece, H.

[231]. De Genesi ad litteram, xi. 13 (Migne, xxxiv. 436).

[232]. Eccl. xiv. 8, but the Vulg. has “lividi.”

[233]. No, MS.; ne soyes pas lonc ne prolice, H.

[234]. For, MS.

[235]. Sc. the eye of Polyphemus.

[236]. Bedeisus, MS.; no doubt a corruption of “Bede sur les Prouerbes,” H. The reference is apparently to Bede’s Expositio super Parabolas, ii. 20 (Migne, xci. 995).

[237]. Prov. xxi. 5.

[238]. Sc. frogs. This story of Latona is from Ovid, Met. vi. 313 sq.

[239]. Cuidoit, H.

[240]. Palu, H; maresse, Wyer.

[241]. Perhaps in error for St. Bernard, Liber de modo bene vivendi, xliv. (Migne, clxxxiv. 1266).

[242]. Eccl. xiv. 9.

[243]. Sc. manners; car ses condicions sont ordes, H.

[244]. Sc. Hippocrates, whose “dictum” was that “sanitas consistit .... non in replendo corpus cibis et potibus” (Add. MS. 16,906, f. 11).

[245]. Moralia, xxx. 18 (Migne, lxxvi. 556).

[246]. Philipp, iii. 19.

[247]. The scene of the story was in Cyprus. Cidonie (Cydonie, H.) apparently comes from a misunderstanding of Ovid, who says of Pygmalion, “Collocat hanc stratis concha Sidonide tinctis” (Met. x. 267).

[248]. En ot pitie. H.

[249]. Omitted in MS.; plusieurs, H.

[250]. Que il en lait a suiure, H.; leue to ensue, Wyer.

[251]. Apthalin, H.; but it is doubtful who is meant. The name occurs in the “Dicta Philosophorum,” but not with this “dictum.”

[252]. 2 Pet. ii. 13.

[253]. The assignment of a particular clause in the Creed to each of the Apostles appears in a sermon printed among the spurious works of St. Augustine (Migne, xxxix. 2190).

[254]. To, MS.

[255]. Sc. to plough.

[256]. Car deuant semoient les gainages sans labourer, H. “Gaineyer” is for “gaigneur,” a husbandman.

[257]. Lawde, MS.; ainsi que la terre est abandonnee et large donnarresse, H.

[258]. Qui tant nous a largement donne de ses haulx biens, H.

[259]. Isis, in her original character as wife of Osiris and inventor of the cultivation of corn.

[260].

Toutes vertus antes et plantes

En toy, comme Ysis fait les plantes

Et tous les grains fructifier;

Ainsi dois tu ediffier.

So H., where “antes,” sc. antez, entez, is from “enter, placer, faire entrer” (Godefroy, s.v.).

[261]. Sc. Hermes.

[262]. What, MS.

[263]. Vn roy, H.

[264]. Oan, MS., and so below.

[265]. Pastours, H.

[266]. Sc. mole; comme la tauppe, H.

[267]. Lierres, sc. larron, H.

[268]. And nede, MS.; au besoing, H.

[269]. Sc. Theseus and Peirithous, who invaded the lower world in order to carry off Persephone.

[270]. There is some confusion in this passage; se Hercules, qui leur compaignon yere, ne les eust secourus, qui tant y fist, etc., H.

[271]. Sc. chains; chayennes, H.

[272]. Sc. Cadmus, who founded Thebes and slew the dragon which guarded the neighbouring well of Ares, and who also invented letters.

[273]. Sc. won; gaigna, H.

[274]. Lestude y mist, H.

[275]. Plus quen nulle autre auoir, H.

[276]. Et du bien largement y prendre, H. The strange word “theryng” is probably nothing more than “therein.”

[277]. See Ovid, Met. i. 583 sq. The source of the statement that Io invented letters is doubtful. Possibly it rests only on the two lines (ib. 649):

Littera pro verbis quam pes in pulvere duxit

Corporis indicium mutati triste peregit.

[278]. Les vertus de iupiter, H.

[279]. Tho, MS.

[280]. Sc. note.

[281]. Sc. cloud; en vne nue, H.

[282]. Sc. with; surprendre ou fait, H.

[283]. Sc. watched; la gaitoit, H.

[284]. Sc. through.

[285]. Sc. Pyrrhus.

[286]. Which, MS.; vn sage, H.

[287]. Sc. gods; les dieux, H.

[288]. A wrong translation; tres louable chose est seruir dieu et sainctifier ses sains, H.; tous ses sens humains, G. de Tign.

[289]. Atropos, one of the Fates, here represented as masculine; a Atropos et a son dart, H.

[290]. Tout crestien, H.

[291]. The, MS.; la prouision, H.

[292]. Bellerophon, whose story is here confused with that of Hippolytus by making Anteia his stepmother.

[293]. Il mieulx ama eslire la mort, H.

[294]. Decre, MS.; latrie, H.; latria, Wyer; eo ritu ac servitute quæ græce λατρεία dicitur et uni vero Deo debetur, Aug. de Civitate Dei, vi. præf. (Migne, xli. 173).

[295]. Matt. iv. 10.

[296]. Memnon, the Ethiopian, whose father Tithonus was half-brother to Priam, being son of Laomedon by a different mother.

[297]. Leust occis, H.

[298]. Trwee, MS.

[299]. “Rabion” in the “Dicta Philosophorum” (Add. MS. 16,906, f. 9b), where the sentence is “Multiplica amicos qui sunt medicamina animarum.” The Museum MSS. of G. de Tignonville’s French version and of the English versions of Earl Rivers and Scrope read “Sabion” or “Zabion.”

[300]. Cf. Sermo clxxx. (Migne, xxxviii. 972).

[301]. Sc. false.

[302]. Exod. xx. 7.

[303]. Sc. menacings; de grant menace, nyce et fole, H.

[304]. Et en Leomedon te mire, H.

[305]. Enuoya messages laidement congeer, H. The word “bostus” is apparently connected with “bost, boast,” meaning “boastful” or “threatening.”

[306]. Sc. well weighed; moult pesee, H.

[307]. Et brisier commandement soit autressi oultrecuidance, H.

[308]. Isai. i. 16, 17.

[309]. Les palais des parens, H.

[310]. Sc. cracked; creuee, H.

[311]. Sc. brightness; la leur, H.

[312]. Le mordant de sa ceinture ficha par la creueure, H.

[313]. Vn morier blanc, H., sc. a white mulberry, cf. Arbor ibi, niveis uberrima pomis, Ardua morus, erat, Ovid, Met. iv. 89.

[314]. These words are at the bottom of f. 34b, after which there is a lacuna of a whole quire. The story in H. goes on “le lyon qui sus ot vomy lentraille dune beste quil ot deuouree. Oultre mesure fu grande la douleur de Piramus, qui cuida samie deuouree des fieres bestes; donc apres moult piteux reclaims soccist de son espee. Tisbee sailli du buisson, mais quant elle entent les sanglos de son ami qui mouroit et elle voit lespee et le sanc, adonc par grant douleur sus son ami chay, qui a elle parler ne pot, et apres plusieurs grans plains, regrais et pasmoisons soccist de la mesmes espee.” The mythological personages dealt with in the missing pages are Æsculapius, Achilles, Busiris, Leander, Helen, Aurora, Pasiphae, Adrastus, Cupid, Corinis, and Juno.

[315]. The preceding “texte” and “glose” in H. are as follows:—

De Iuno ia trop ne te chaille,

Se le noyel mieulx que leschaille

Donneur desires a auoir,

Car mieulx vault proece quauoir.

Iuno est la deesse dauoir selon les fables des poetes, et pour ce que auoir et richece couuient auoir et acquerir a grant soing et traueil et que tel soing peut destourner a honneur acquerre et comme honneur et vaillance soit plus louable que richeces de tant comme la noyel vault mieulx que leschaille, etc.

[316]. Slelle, MS.

[317]. Sc. one hump on the back.

[318]. Matt. xix. 24.

[319]. Amphiaraus, hero and seer, joint king of Argos with Adrastus, whose sister Eriphyle he married. Against his own opinion he was induced by his wife to join the expedition of the Seven against Thebes.

[320]. Sc. Solon, but the sentence is not under his name in the “Dicta Philosophorum.”

[321]. What St. Gregory really says is, “Sicut carni vestræ, ne deficiat, cibos quotidie præbetis, sic mentis vestræ quotidiana alimenta bona sunt opera. Cibo corpus pascitur, pio opere spiritus nutriatur,” Hom. v. in Evang. (Migne, lxxvi. 1092).

[322]. Worde ye here the which, MS.

[323]. Matt. iv. 4.

[324]. See p. 19.

[325]. Ne chose dont vn puist presumer folie, H.

[326]. Sc. discretion; lente de parler, H.

[327]. Couuercle, H.

[328]. Fro, MS.; qui garde sa lengue il garde son ame, car la mort et la vie sont en la puissance de la lengue, H.

[329]. Ps. xxxiii. 14.

[330]. The “texte” in H. is:—

Croy la corneille et son conseil.

Jamais ne soyes en esueil

De male nouuelle apporter;

Le plus seur est sen depporter.

[331]. He, MS.

[332]. Hym, MS.

[333]. Literally translated, this sentence should read: “But she (the crow) dissuaded him from going by giving him an example of herself, who for a like case had been driven from the house of Pallas,” etc. See Ovid, Met. ii. 542.

[334]. Se espart, H.

[335]. Prov. ii. 10, 11.

[336]. Which, MS.

[337]. Ganymedes was son of Tros and brother of Ilus and Assaracus. His well-known story is here confused with that of Hyacinthus, who was accidentally killed in a game of discus with Apollo (Ovid, Met. x. 184).

[338]. Prov. xxiv. 6.

[339]. Sc. sheep.

[340]. Sc. wholly; du tout, H.

[341]. Descongnoissant et desloyaulx a celle qui trop de bien lui ot fait, H.

[342]. Comme vn vent sec, H.

[343]. Sap. xvi. 29.

[344]. Hym, MS.; ne la regardes, H.

[345]. Perseus, H.

[346]. Elsewhere it is Poseidon who was Medusa’s lover—Hanc pelagi rector templo vitiasse Minervæ Dicitur (Ovid, Met. iv. 797). Her hair alone was changed into serpents.

[347]. His his, MS.

[348]. “Holy chirche” is the translator’s addition, not being in H.

[349]. Le pouoir de plus mal faire, H.

[350]. He holde, MS.

[351]. Sc. shield.

[352]. Crisostome, H. and other Fr. MSS.

[353]. Comme cest impossible que le feu arde en leaue, aussi est ce impossible que compunccion, etc., H. The translator’s omission of the words in brackets was no doubt due to the repetition of “impossible que.”

[354]. Ps. cxxv. (cxxvi.) 5. This is the only instance in which the quotation at the end of an allegory is filled in.

[355]. Es liens Vulcanus et surpris, H.

[356]. That þat, MS.

[357]. iio (sc. two, deux), MS.; ala querre les autres dieux, H.

[358]. Que tel sen rioit, qui bien voulsist en semblable meffait estre encheut, H.

[359]. Darguemie, sc. alchemy, H.

[360]. Read “But to our purpose it seith.” The translator has misread “Mais” in the original as “Mars”; mais a nostre propos veult dire, H.

[361]. Que en tel cas ne soit surpris par oubli, H.

[362]. Sc. love.

[363]. Myght, MS.

[364]. Coniecture, H.

[365]. 1 Pet. v. 8.

[366]. Tomyris, queen, not of the Amazons or “Femeny,” but of the Scythian Massagetæ (Herod. i. 205).

[367]. Despris, sc. mépris, H.

[368]. Sc. ambushments.

[369]. Ne hayr, H.

[370]. De coenobiorum institutis, xii. 31 (Migne. xlix. 472).

[371]. Eccl. iii. 20.

[372]. Ne laisses ton sens auorter, H.

[373]. Sanuie (sc. s’ennuie) tost, H.

[374]. Prov. xxix. 15, somewhat corrupted in H.

[375]. Sc. mad, furious; du geant enragez, H.

[376]. The story was that Acis, son of Faunus, was beloved by the nymph Galatea, and that the Cyclop Polyphemus, furious with jealousy, crushed him beneath a huge rock (Ovid, Met. xiii. 750).

[377]. Qui Acis estoit nommez, H. The mistranslation in the text is inexplicable.

[378]. Adonc fu [le geant] surpris de soubdaine rage et tellement escroula la roche que tout en fu Axis acrauentez (sc. ecrasé, brisé), H.

[379]. Nymphe, H.

[380]. Se ficha en la mer, H.

[381]. Sap. v. 9.

[382]. Peleus, to whose marriage with Thetis all the gods were invited except Eris or Discord.

[383]. For his judgment see below, p. 83.

[384]. Sc. then; adonc, H.

[385]. Sc. weaning; a qui il cuidoit estre filz, H.

[386]. Qui conduisoit les dames, H.

[387]. Sc. hates; ou croiscent les haynes, H.

[388]. Cassiodore sus le Psaultier, H.

[389]. Rom. xiii. 13.

[390]. Iff thou aniy, MS.; Sc. tu las a qui que soit fait, H.

[391]. See above, p. 51.

[392]. Lawde, MS.

[393]. Sc. avenged.

[394]. Joel ii. 13.

[395]. Damours affoles, H.

[396]. Semele, whom Hera deceived in the form of her old nurse Beroe (Ovid, Met. iii. 260).

[397]. Ne perceyued, MS. The translator misunderstood the original, cf. dist a celle, qui garde ne sen prenoit de la deceuance, que de rien ne sestoit ancore apperceue de lamour, mais quant elle seroit auecques lui, etc., H.

[398]. La voulsist accoller, H.

[399]. Of hir, MS.; de feu, H.

[400]. Ou liure des brebis, H., Sc. Sermo xlvii. de ovibus, in Ezech. xxxiv. 17–31 (Migne, xxxviii. 303).

[401]. A noz freres enfermes, H.; infirmo fratri, St. Aug.

[402]. Tit. ii. 7.

[403]. Prov. xxxi. 27.

[404]. Thereoff, MS.

[405]. Arachne, who challenged Athena to compete with her in weaving and was changed by the goddess into a spider (Ovid, Met. vi. 1–145).

[406]. The, MS.

[407]. Sap. v. 8.

[408]. Sc. Adonis.

[409]. Vn damoisel moult cointe, H.

[410]. According to the “Dicta Philosophorum” Sedechias “primus fuit per quem nutu Dei lex precepta fuit et sapientia intellecta” (Add. MS. 16,906, f. 1).

[411]. 2 Pet. ii. 19.

[412]. Apoc. xiii. 7.

[413]. De lagait (l’agait, sc. ruse, artifice), H. The translator seems to have read “la gent.”

[414]. Luke xi. 21.

[415]. To follow? Dinstrumens suiure nas mestier, H.

[416]. Sc. running; courans, H.

[417]. Sc. fierce; fiers, H.

[418]. Et moins sent les molestes dauarice qui ne voit point les riches du monde, H.

[419]. Ps. ci. 8.

[420]. Apulia and Calabria.

[421]. This is an assumption from the fact that the Greek colonies of South Italy had the name of Magna Græcia. Hellas originally was the district of Phthiotis in Thessaly, where the Myrmidones dwelt.

[422]. Especes, H.; quatuor sunt species quibus omnis tumor arrogantium demonstratur, S. Greg. Moralia, xxiii. 6 (Migne, lxxvi. 258).

[423]. Prov. viii. 13.

[424]. Actæon, changed into a stag by Artemis (Ovid, Met. iii. 155).

[425]. Nymphes, H.

[426]. Ignorence, H., and so the “Dis des Philosophes.”

[427]. Matt. iii. 2.

[428]. See above, p. 74.

[429]. Either Charon is meant, or Acheron, as the eponym of the river of Hades so named.

[430]. Miraculeuse ne merueillable qui est appelle tempter Dieu, H.

[431]. Jas. iv. 3.

[432]. Sc. assay, test; Lessay con fist a Achilles, H.

[433]. En labbaye la deesse Vesta, H.

[434]. Pyrrhus, his son by Deidameia, daughter of Lycomedes of Scyros.

[435]. Aneles, guimphes, conroyes et de tous ioyaulx, H.; quayntyses, prety japes and jewelles, Wyer.

[436]. Make, MS.

[437]. Cointeries mignotes, H.

[438]. Leginon, H.; Longinon, Add. MS. 16,906, f. 51b; Loginon, Roy. MS. 19 B. iv. f. 60.

[439]. Le vaillant nest conqneu que en guerre, G. de Tign. (Roy. MS. 19 B. iv. f. 64).

[440]. Attendent la gloire pardurable en loyer, H.

[441]. 2 Paralip. xv. 7.

[442]. Sc. fairies; vne nymphe, H.

[443]. The letters in brackets have been torn away with the edge of the leaf.

[444]. Texillus, Dicta Phil. (Add. MS. 16,906, f. 56).

[445]. 1 Joh. ii. 15.

[446]. Sc. knowledge; de sauoir, H.

[447]. Sc. riches; dauoir, H.

[448]. See above, p. 66.

[449]. Sc. pass, surpass.

[450]. Ioliuete, H.

[451]. Omitted in MS.; les Manichees, H.

[452]. It is þerfor it is, MS.

[453]. Matt. vii. 1, 2; ut non judicemini, Vulg.

[454]. Sc. snares; les tours de fortune sont comme engins, H.

[455]. Sc. Boethius; Boece, H.

[456]. Les quieulx addicions ne prestent point les choses ou les mondains mettent leur felicite, H.

[457]. Isai. iii. 12.

[458]. Sic, ? tasteth; gouster, H.

[459]. Luke x. 42.

[460]. Cephalus, who killed his wife Procris in the way described (Ovid, Met. vii. 836).

[461]. Glauellot, H.

[462]. Matt. vii. 3.

[463]. 1 Cor. x. 13.

[464]. Au dieu qui dort et fait songer, H.

[465]. That may propirly that may speke, MS.; qui proprement en puisse parler quoyque les expositeurs en dient, H.

[466]. Tyme, MS.

[467]. Eccl. ii. 4.

[468]. Alcyone, or Halcyone, wife of Ceyx, whose story is in Ovid, Met. xi. 410.

[469]. For, MS.

[470]. Dedens la nef se gita, H.

[471]. Colus, MS.

[472]. The fable was that for seven days before and after the winter solstice, when the Halcyon was breeding, the sea remained calm.

[473]. See the “Dis des Philosophes” (Roy. MS. 19 B. iv. f. 60).

[474]. Prov. iii. 21, 22.

[475]. Sc. Trust.

[476]. Hesione, whom Hercules rescued when she was exposed by command of an oracle to be devoured by a sea monster, and whom he gave to Telamon Ajax on being defrauded of his promised reward by her father Laomedon (Ovid, Met. xi. 211).

[477]. Thelamon Ayaulx, H.

[478]. Sc. through.

[479]. Væ tibi, terra, cujus rex puer est, Vulg. (Eccles x. 16).

[480]. Plus moleste, H.

[481]. Sap. x. 5.

[482]. Et empires, H.

[483]. Calchas was not a Trojan, but a son of Thestor of Mycenæ or Megara and the foremost soothsayer on the Greek side. Christine de Pisan or her authority seems to have misunderstood Dares Phrygius, ch. 15.

[484]. Sc. Apollo; Apollin, H.

[485]. Sc. subtle.

[486]. 2 Tim. iii. 2, 4, with omissions.

[487]. Sc. Hermaphroditus (Ovid, Met. iv. 285 sq).

[488]. A Hermofrodicus te mire, H.

[489]. The nymph of the well Salmacis; vne nimphe, H.

[490]. A la fontaine de Salmacis, H.

[491]. Lui prist talent de soy baigner, H.

[492]. Sc. sexes; qui ii. sexes auoit, H.

[493]. Darquemie, sc. alchemy, H.

[494]. Ghadely, MS.

[495]. Leurs ficcions, H.

[496]. Men, MS.

[497]. Isai. xxxv. 3.

[498]. Yen (sc. eyes) of yowre, MS.

[499]. Lenterine face, H. (enterin, sc. entier, complet, Godefroy, s.v.).

[500]. Sc. how much.

[501]. La pouons nous veoir nostre bel, la pouons nous veoir nostre lait, la pouons nous veoir combien nous prouffitons et combien nous sommes loings de prouffiter, H.

[502]. Joh. v. 39.

[503]. Gard toy Briseyda nacointier, H. The change is probably due to Chaucer’s “Troylus and Cryseyde.”

[504]. Cointe et vague et attrayant, H.

[505]. Of the, MS.

[506]. Sc. wholly?; du tout, H.

[507]. 1 Cor. i. 31.

[508]. Sc. two.

[509]. Or, MS. The passage is confused, cf. que tout homme qui a occis ou meffait au loyal compaignon dun autre que le compaignon en fera la vengence, H.

[510]. Madarge, H.; Magdargis, Add. MS. 16,906, f. 55b; Macdarge, Roy. MS. 19 B. iv. f. 65. The “dit” as given by G. de Tignonville in the last-named MS. is “En quelque lieu que tu soyes auecques ton enmemi .... fay touz iours bon guet; ia soit ce que tu soyes le plus fort et plus puissant, si doys tu trauaillier a faire la paix.”

[511]. Sc. though.

[512]. Sc. ought.

[513]. This is not among Solon’s sayings in the “Dis des Philosophes.”

[514]. Ephes. vi. 11.

[515]. His, MS., both here and in the next line.

[516]. Sc. Narcissus; Narcisus, H. See the story in Ovid, Met. iii. 356 sq.

[517]. Cf. qui par grant necessite requiert autrui; la voix qui est demouree, cest que de gens souffraiteux est il assez demoure ne ilz ne peuent parler fors apres autrui, H.

[518]. The fourth philosopher in the “Dicta”; Salquin, Add. MS. 16,906, f. 7b; Zaqualkin, Roy. MS. 19 B. iv. f. 10b.

[519]. To helpe, MS.

[520]. Prov. xxii. 9.

[521]. Sc. Daphne (Ovid, Met. i. 452 sq.); Damne, H.

[522]. To theyme, MS.; ou temps, H.

[523]. Sc. how.

[524]. An omission by homœoteleuton; cf. estre tous iours present aux ordres des anges auec les benois esperis assister a la gloire du conditeur, regarder le present visage, etc., H. The quotation is from Hom. xxxvii. in Evang. (Migne, lxxvi. 1275).

[525]. Psal. lxxxvi. 3.

[526]. Sc. Andromache’s.

[527]. Petite paille, H.

[528]. La brusle du feu de sa soubtille circonspeccion, H.

[529]. 1 Thess. v. 19.

[530]. Ninus, H.

[531]. Sc. Nimrod.

[532]. Le roy Ninus, H.

[533]. De Singularitate Clericorum (Migne, iv. 837). The Latin text is somewhat loosely rendered.

[534]. Cest vne sotte fiance, H.; adversaria est confidentia, St. Aug.

[535]. Estre sauf entre les morsures, H.

[536]. And—vnhurte, not in H. or Lat.

[537]. Sc. laugheth; rit, H.

[538]. Psal. xxxvi. 3; Bonum est confidere in Domino, etc. (Psal. cxvii. 8), H.

[539]. Ce sera quant le roy Priant ne croiras, qui tira priant, H.

[540]. See above, p. 100.

[541]. Shepe, MS.

[542]. Sc. Othea; he, MS., both here and a few words later on.

[543]. Sa mort, H.

[544]. Sermo de conversione ad clericos, ch. viii. (Migne, clxxxii. 843).

[545]. En espies, H.; auxpiez, Roy. MSS. 14 E. ii. f. 327, 17 E. iv. f. 313; adolescentibus in insidiis est, St. Bern.

[546]. Eccl. xiv. 12; tardabit, H.

[547]. Encor te vueil ie faire sage, H.

[548]. ? Stroke; le coup de vne sayette, H. and G. de Tign.

[549]. Qui met auenir, H.; qui meut a venir, G. de Tign (Roy. MS. 19 B. iv. f. 7b).

[550]. Matt. vi. 6.

[551]. The Politenes of Benoît de Ste. Maure (l. 16105) and Guido delle Colonne.

[552]. Puit estre nuisible, H.

[553]. Couuoitise desordenee, H.

[554]. Dit Ygnocence ou liure de la vilte de condicion humaine, H. The quotation is from Pope Innocent III., “De contemptu mundi,” ii. 6 (Migne, ccxvii. 719).

[555]. Sont ii. sancsues, H.; sanguisugæ, Innoc., quoting Prov. xxx. 15. Wyer’s version rightly has “horse-leeches”; and the reading “sauce-makers” is inexplicable.

[556]. Tim. vi. 10.

[557]. A luniversaire (sc. l’anniversaire) du chief de lan des obseques de Hector, H.; vnyuersarie, Wyer.

[558]. Amer, H.

[559]. In ep. Joannis ad Parthos tract. ii. (Migne, xxxv. 1994).

[560]. Et sa concupiscence, H.

[561]. Amer, H.

[562]. 1 Ep. Joh. ii. 15.

[563]. Perciez doultre en oultre, H.

[564]. Sc. Augustine.

[565]. Susde, MS.; ne nul en sa force ne se doit fyer, H.

[566]. 2 Cor. iii. 4, 5; tanquam ex nobis, H.

[567]. Lenditement, H.; exhortacion, Wyer.

[568]. Des mauuais, H.; Barat est le cappitaine des mauuoys et ire est son gouuerneur, G. de Tign. (Roy. MS. 19 B. iv. f. 39).

[569]. iii. (les, H.) inconueniencees, MS.

[570]. Sc. deny; reyne, MS.; renyer, H.

[571]. Prov. iv. 15.

[572]. Paix par faintise, H.

[573]. Sa mauuaistie, H.

[574]. Psal. xxi. 26.

[575]. So H. and other MSS.; perhaps a corruption for Thyre or Tyre.

[576]. Sc. Ptolemy; Ptholomee, H.

[577]. Apoc. xviii. 7.

[578]. Sc. knights.

[579]. Sc. as he weaned to have returned; si comme il cuidoit retourner, H.

[580]. Sc. wholly.

[581]. Louez, H.; loe, G. de Tign. (Roy. MS. 19 B. iv. f. 44b); lawded ne alowed, Wyer.

[582]. Moralia, xv. 6 (Migne, lxxv. 1084).

[583]. Matt. xxiii. 27.

[584]. Sc. sodden; le ble cuit, H. For the same story of Ino see above, p. 29.

[585]. Frustra sibi de infirmitate vel ignorantia blandiuntur, qui ut liberius peccent libenter ignorant vel infirmantur, Bern. de Gradibus Humilitatis, cap. vi. (Migne, clxxxii. 951).

[586]. There is an omission here, cf. ou par negligence de les sauoir ou par parece de les demander ou par honte de les enquerir, H.

[587]. 1 Cor. xiv. 38.

[588]. Si ne soient de toy despites, H.

[589]. This story is from the “Aurea Legenda” of Jacobus de Voragine with slight variations (ed. Graesse, 1846, p. 44).

[590]. De quelconques personne que ilz soient dis, H.

[591]. Hugh de St. Victor, Eruditionis didascalicæ libri vii. (Migne, clxxvi. 739).

[592]. Mais que cest que il dit, H.

[593]. Eccl. iii. 31. H. has the colophon, “Explicit lepistre Othea.”