BIBLIOGRAPHYINDEX OF GREEK WORDSINDEX
- Academea at Athens, [468]
- Achaeans, athletic character of, [8], [11]
- Acrobats, in Homer, [25];
- on Panathenaic vase, [243]
- Aeginetan pediments, physical type of, [92]
- Aeginetan successes, [92], [216], [226]
- Aepytus of Elis, rides his father’s horse, [463]
- Aezani, stadium, [266]
- Africanus compiles Olympic register, [50], [192]
- Age, classification by, [271]
- Agesidamus of Locri Epizephyrii, boxer, [110]
- Ageus of Argos, dolichodromos, [201], [285]
- Agias, pankratiast, statue of, at Delphi, [124], [212]
- Aglaus of Athens, runner, [273]
- Agonothetes, [150]
- Akontistes, [150], [506]
- Alcibiades, victories at Olympia, [132];
- Alcimedon of Aegina, wrestler, [375]
- Alcimidas of Aegina, wrestler, [375]
- Alcmaeon of Athens, [60]
- Aleiptes, [477], [506]
- Alexander, son of Amyntas, at Olympia, [47], [80]
- Alexander the Great, his contempt for athletics, [127], [154];
- respect for Olympia, [154]
- Alexandria, victories at Olympia, [155]
- Alexandrini, guild of, [175]
- Amentum, [339] ff.
- Amphiaraus vase, [29], [385], [463]
- Amphictionies, in Peloponnese, [41]
- Anaxilas of Rhegium, [71], [207]
- Anaximenes, statue of, at Olympia, [140]
- Anolympiads, [45]
- Antiochus, pankratiast, Arcadian ambassador to Persia, [143]
- Antipater of Miletus, boxer, refuses bribe, [134]
- Antiphon, [339], [354]
- Anystis, courier, [181]
- Aphesis, of stadium, [253], [259], [265], [273];
- Aphetes, or katapaltaphetes, [150]
- Aphrodisias, stadium, [260]
- Apobates, [71], [237], [461]
- Apollo, statues of, [84], [88] ff.
- Apollonius, boxer, disqualified at Olympia, [201]
- Apollonius Rhodius, description of boxing, [430]
- Apoxyomenos, [124], [482]
- Aratus of Sicyon, [157], [160]
- Arcesilas of Cyrene, [210]
- Archelaus of Macedon, founds Olympia at Dium, [152]
- Archilochus of Paros, hymn of, [56], [207]
- Argeius of Ceos, boxer, [216], [225], [426]
- Argive wrestlers, [393], [401]
- Argos, and Olympia, [55];
- Aristomenes of Aegina, wrestler, [375]
- Ariston, P. Cornelius, pankratiast, [178], [375]
- Aristonicus of Carystus, Alexander’s sphairistes, [485]
- Aristophanes, on decline of athletics, [131]
- Aristotle, his opinion on athletics, [127];
- on the pentathlon, [136];
- edits list of Olympionicae, [50],
- and Pythionicae, [213];
- statue of, at Olympia, [140]
- Armed combat. Vide [Hoplomachia]
- Armed race. Vide [Foot-race]
- Arrhichion of Phigalia, pankratiast, [70], [201], [438], [443], [450]
- Asclepiades, Publius, inscribed diskos of, [183], [316]
- Asinius Quadratus, C., Olympic chronology, [182]
- Aspendus, coins of, [103], [373], [385], [441]
- Astylus of Croton, runner, proclaimed as a Syracusan, [76], [82], [134]
- Atarbus, monument of, [240]
- Athenian festivals, [227] ff.;
- Panathenaea, [227];
- Heraclea, [228];
- Eleusinia, [228];
- Oschophoria, [228];
- Thesea, [228], [247];
- Epitaphia, [228];
- Dionysia, [229];
- Aiantea, [229];
- Olympia, [229];
- Bendidea, [229];
- Diisoteria, [229]
- Athens, successes at Olympia, [73];
- athletic training at, [108];
- decline of athletics, [131];
- training of epheboi, [149];
- gladiatorial shows at, [172];
- Panathenaic stadium, [263];
- popularity of foot-race and pankration, [272];
- gymnasia and palaestrae, [149], [468] ff.
- Athletes, honours and rewards of, [77];
- Athletic art, [84], [86] ff., [103].
- Athletics, difference between Greek and modern, [3], [5];
- distinguish Greek from barbarian, [47], [107]
- Athletics and athletic games, [3];
- Athletics, Greek, practical character of, [1];
- part of education, [2];
- absence of records, [2];
- connexion with religion, [3];
- political importance of, [4];
- danger of excess in, [4];
- vitality of, [5];
- importance attached to style, [2], [114];
- influence of, upon art, [86];
- influence of art upon, [114]
- Athletics, history of Greek—
- Northern origin of athletics, [8];
- pre-Achaeans unathletic, [9];
- sport in Homer, [11] ff.;
- sport aristocratic, [14], [25]
- Rise of athletic festival, [26] ff.;
- early records of Olympia, [54];
- superiority of Sparta, seventh century, [56];
- athletics in Sicily and Italy, [58];
- sport national and democratic, [60]
- Organization of athletics, sixth century, [61];
- profits and rewards of, [76];
- protest of Xenophanes against over-athleticism, [78];
- growth of competition, [79];
- athletic training, [81];
- decline of Sparta, [81];
- age of strong men, [82]
- Athletic ideal of fifth century, [86] ff.;
- influence of Persian wars, [107];
- influence of art on athletics, [114]
- Growth of specialization 440-338 B.C., [124] ff.;
- athletic diet, [125];
- artificial training, [126];
- rise of medical gymnastics, [129];
- lucrativeness of athletics, [129];
- professionalism, [131];
- corruption, [134];
- brutalization of sport, [135]
- The professional strong man, [146];
- age of athletic buildings, [148];
- military training of epheboi, [149];
- athletic revival in Asia and Egypt, [155];
- decline of Italy and Sicily, [160]
- Roman prejudice against athletics, [163];
- brutalizing influence of Rome, [172];
- increase of corruption, [174];
- athletic guilds, [174];
- artificial revival of athletics under Empire, [178];
- age of records, [181];
- sports of Sparta, [183];
- Galen condemns athletics, [188];
- Philostratus on the decline of athletics, [190];
- artificiality of training, [191]
- Aurelius Asclepiades, M., periodoneikes, [178]
- Automedes of Phlius, pentathlete, [368]
- Bacchylides, [105], [109], [195], [200], [272]
- Balbis, [252], [318] ff.
- Ball-play in Homer, [24];
- Bater, [252], [297]
- Bathing arrangements in gymnasium, [479] ff.
- Bathroom at Delphi, [486];
- Beauty, Greek love of, [88]
- Belistiche, [159], [462]
- Beni-Hassan, wrestling scenes at, [9], [372]
- Boat-races, [221], [229], [240], [508]
- Bolas, [314]
- Boxing—
- Boys, competitions for, [80];
- Bull-baiting at Cnossus, [10]
- Burgon vase, [242], [457]
- Bybon, inscription of, on weight, [83]
- Bye, importance of, [370], [374]
- Caestus, [136], [172].
- Callippus of Athens, pentathlete, bribes opponents, [134], [136]
- Caprus of Elis, pankratiast, [146]
- Carrhotus, charioteer of Arcesilas, [463]
- Ceos, athletic successes of, [107], [216], [226];
- Chariot, four-horse and two-horse, [457]
- Charioteer, [111], [463];
- Chariot-race, in Homer, [15];
- in funeral games, [31], [32];
- antiquity of, at Olympia, [40], [56];
- tyrants compete in, [59];
- popularity of, in Sicily, [132], [451];
- in Sparta, [133];
- in Macedon, [161];
- discontinuance of, at Olympia, [165];
- at Pythia, [211];
- at Isthmia, [221];
- at Nemea, [225];
- at Athens, [235] ff.;
- women compete in, [462];
- states compete in, [463];
- danger of, [463].
- Vide also [Hippodrome]
- Chilon, death of, at Olympia, [73]
- Chionis of Sparta, runner, [58], [70]
- Chios, girls and men wrestle, [387]
- Chromius of Aetna, chariot, [114], [225]
- Cimon of Athens, [73], [468]
- Cirrus, [377]
- Claudius Rufus, T., pankratiast, decree in honour of, [115]
- Cleisthenes of Sicyon, [60], [63], [66], [210]
- Cleitomachus of Thebes, boxer, wrestler, pankratiast, [146], [199];
- Cleitostratus of Rhodes, wrestler, [401]
- Clothes, penalty for stealing, in gymnasium, [477];
- provision for care of, [500]
- Cnossus, bull-baiting at, [9];
- Coins—
- Athletic types on, [103];
- Equestrian types on coins of Italy and Sicily, [451];
- mule car (Rhegium, Messana), [460];
- torch-race, apobates (Tarentum), [461];
- chariot (Catana), [465];
- (Syracuse, Agrigentum), [465];
- chariot and horse on coins of Macedon, [459]
- The Zeus of Pheidias (Elis), [178];
- Colotes, prize-table of, [121]
- Colts, races for, [161];
- Competition, Greek love of, [3]
- Coroebus of Elis, first Olympic victor, [50], [54]
- Corruption in athletics, [134], [148], [174], [218]
- Cretans excel as runners, [284]
- Creugas and Damoxenus at Nemea, [421], [432]
- Croton, victories of, [58], [82], [284];
- tries to rival Olympia, [82]
- Cryptoporticus, [494], [498]
- Cylon of Athens, [71], [73]
- Cynisca, [133], [462]
- Cynosarges, [149], [468]
- Cypselus, chest of, [30], [60]
- Damagetus of Sparta, boxer, [73]
- Damaretus of Heraea, hoplitodromos, statue of, [70]
- Damaretus, king of Sparta, chariot-race, [133]
- Damiscus of Messene, boy runner, [271]
- Damonon, inscription, [133], [284], [151], [463]
- Damostratus, wrestler, epigram on, [377]
- Dead heats, [206]
- Deinosthenes of Sparta, courier, [155] n. 2
- Delos, festival at, [33];
- Delphi, charioteer, [111];
- Democrates of Tenedos, decree in honour of, [156]
- Diadumenos of Polycleitus, [96]
- Diagoras of Rhodes, [180]
- Diagoridae of Rhodes, [47], [130], [179]
- Diaulos, [51], [280], [283]
- Diet of athletes, [124], [126], [191]
- Dikon of Syracuse, runner, [137]
- Diodorus, gymnasiarchos, stele of, [491]
- Diodorus of Pergamum, gymnasiarchos, restores gymnasium, [500]
- Dion, accounts of archonship of, at Delphi, [261], [483]
- Dion of Prusa (Chrysostom) at the Isthmia, [173], [214]
- Dionysodorus of Thebes and Alexander, [154]
- Diophon, pentathlete, epigram on, [359], [368]
- Discipline enforced by the rod, [142], [274], [436], [469], [475]
- Diskobolos, of Myron, [95], [319], [322], [330];
- Diskoi, of stone, [315];
- Diskoi, inscribed, Iphitus, [43];
- Diskos and solos in Homer, [22], [313]
- Diskos, throwing the, distance thrown, [318];
- Dolichos, [51], [270], [279], [281], [284]
- Domitius Tutus, Q., votive offering of, [222]
- Dorian invasion, [42]
- Dorieus of Rhodes, boxer, [130], [375]
- Doryphoros of Polycleitus, [95]
- Drachma, value of, [262]
- Drill, textbooks of, [374]
- Dromeus of Mantinea, pankratiast, [375]
- Dromeus of Stymphalus, dolichodromos and trainer, introduces meat diet, [126], [505]
- Dromos, at Sparta, [467]
- Drumos of Epidaurus, inscription of, [285]
- Dumb-bells, halteres used as, [310]
- Elaiothesion, [490]
- Elean embassy to Egypt, [68]
- Eleans and Pisatans, [43], [142]
- Eleans, Ϝρατραι of, [51]
- Elis, synoecism of, [115];
- Empedocles of Aetna, [207]
- Epaenetus, inscribed halter of, [298]
- Epaminondas and athletics, [127]
- Epharmostus of Opous, [180], [228]
- Ephebeion, [490], [495]
- Epheboi, [99];
- reorganized by Lycurgus, [148];
- training of,, [149] ff.
- Ephesus, stadium, [266];
- Epicharinus, hoplitodromos, statue of, [94]
- Epidaurus, athletes fined for bribery, [148] n.;
- Epigrams, athletic, [172];
- Epinikia, [78], [105] ff.
- Etruscan wall-paintings, funeral games, [27];
- Euagoras of Sparta, chariot-race, [133]
- Eumastas, inscription on weight, [83]
- Eumelus, [34]
- Eupolemus of Elis, runner, [135]
- Eupolus of Thessaly, boxer, bribes opponents, [134]
- Euripides, epinikion on Alcibiades, [105];
- on professional athletes, [131]
- Euryleonis of Sparta, [462]
- Eutelidas of Sparta, pentathlete and wrestler, [57], [70]
- Euthymus of Locri Epizephyrii, boxer, worshipped as a hero, [77]
- Exaenetus of Agrigentum, runner, triumphal entry of, [77]
- Exercises, classification of, heavy and light, [364];
- according to Galen, [509]
- Exoïdas, inscribed diskos of, [316]
- Festivals—
- Actia, reorganized by Augustus, [168]
- Adriania, [180]
- Antinoea, [176]
- Asclepiea at Epidaurus, [180], [254]
- Assinaria, commemorated on coins of Syracuse, [465]
- Augustalia at Neapolis, regulations for, [169], [175], [271]
- Augustea, [180]
- Azan in Arcadia, [31]
- Balbillea, [180]
- Capitolia at Rome, [170]
- Carnea, [72]
- Chrysanthina at Sardis, [180]
- Delia, [33]
- Dioclea at Megara, [3]
- Eleutheria at Plataea, [31], [108], [286]
- Erotidia, [372]
- Eusebea at Puteoli, [180]
- Euryclea at Sparta, [184] n. 2
- Haliea at Rhodes, [31]
- Heraclea at Sparta, [180]
- Heraea at Olympia, [47], [272]
- Heraea at Argos, [180]
- Hermaea in palaestra, [469]
- Leonidaea at Sparta, [176], [184], [491]
- Olympia at Aegae, [154];
- Petraea, [211]
- Ptolemaea, [150]
- Soteria, [158]
- Vide [Olympia], [Isthmia], [Nemea], [Athenian festivals]
- Flamininus at the Isthmia, [162]
- Flavius Archibius, T., of Alexandria, pankratiast, inscription, [181]
- Flavius Artemidorus, T., pankratiast, inscription, [179]
- Flute-player accompanies athletics, [302], [476]
- Foot-race, the, [270];
- length of races, [270];
- supposed pre-eminence of stade-race, [272];
- the start, [273];
- use of starting lines, [274];
- position of runners, [274];
- ὕσπληξ, [276];
- wooden barrier, [277];
- poaching at the start, [274], [277];
- heats, [277];
- use of posts in starting lines, [278];
- manner of running diaulos and dolichos, [279];
- styles of running, [280], [290];
- physical types of runners, [283], [291];
- performances of Greek runners, [284];
- race in armour, its character, [285];
- varieties of, [286], [291];
- description of, [70], [289];
- popularity of, [291];
- Oschophoria, [292];
- torch-races, [292];
- methods of training, [292]
- François vase, [349], [463]
- Frigidarium, [491]
- Funeral games, athletic festivals derived from, [27];
- Galen, [187];
- his treatise on the “Small Ball,” [187];
- his exhortation, [188];
- system of physical training, [509]
- Games and athletics compared, [3];
- Gems, athletic scenes on, [103];
- wrestling groups on, [447]
- Germanicus Caesar, victory at Olympia, [167]
- Gladiatorial shows introduced into Syria, [161];
- Glaucon of Athens, chariot, [158]
- Glaucus of Carystus, boxer, [82], [83];
- Gorgias of Leontini at Olympia, [137]
- Gorgos of Messene, pentathlete, [160]
- Guilds, athletic, [174]
- Gymnasiarchos, [151], [500] ff.
- Gymnasium and palaestra—
- Gymnastes and paidotribes, difference between, [503]
- Gymnastics and athletics, [2];
- Gymnopaidike at Sparta, [507]
- Hadrian, [176]
- Halter, the Cilician, [442]
- Halteres, [298] ff.;
- used as dumb-bells, [310]
- Heats, drawing lots for, [205], [278]
- Hellanodicae at Nemea, [66], [225];
- Helvidius, stele of, [241]
- Heracles, in early art, [84];
- compared with Theseus, [85];
- statue of (Farnese), [146];
- as wrestler, [372];
- wrestles with Antaeus, [380], [383], [388], [390], [444], [448];
- as boxer, [402];
- as pankratiast, [437];
- fights with Nemean lion, [384], [387], [437];
- with Triton and Achelous, [447]
- Heracles, successors of, [146], [161], [174]
- Heralds, competitions for, [139], [199]
- Herculanei, guild of, [175]
- Hermes, patron of gymnasium, [485]
- Herodes Atticus, his buildings, [178], [259], [263]
- Herodicus of Selymbria, [129], [504]
- Herodotus at Olympia, [139]
- Herodotus of Thebes, his own charioteer, [221], [228], [463]
- Hieron of Syracuse, [210]
- Hieromnemones, [208]
- Hieronymus defeats Tisamenus in pentathlon, [366]
- Himantes. Vide [Boxing]
- Hippeis, Helbig’s theory of the, [71]
- Hippias of Elis, [140];
- compiles Olympic register, [50]
- Hippios race, [220], [225], [270]
- Hippocrates of Cos, condemns athletic training, [128]
- Hippodrome, [451];
- absence of spina, [452];
- on Mt. Lycaeus, [452];
- at Olympia, [452];
- aphesis of, [453];
- Taraxippos, [455];
- equestrian programme, [457];
- length of races, [457];
- four-horse chariot, [458];
- two-horse chariot, [459];
- mule car, [460];
- jockeys, [460];
- apobates, [461]
- Hippomachus, trainer, [114]
- Hipposthenes of Sparta, wrestler, [57]
- Homer, the joy of sport, [11];
- Phaeacians and Achaeans, [12];
- sport spontaneous and aristocratic, [14], [25];
- prizes, [14];
- games of Patroclus, [15] ff.;
- chariot-race, [15];
- boxing, [17];
- wrestling, [19];
- foot-race, [20];
- armed combat, [21];
- throwing the stone, [22];
- sports of the soldiers, [24];
- acrobats, [25]
- Hoplite race, [70], [225].
- Hoplitodromos of Tübingen, [94], [275]
- Hoplomachia, in Homer, [21];
- Hoplomachos, [151], [506]
- Horse-races, [58], [71], [460]
- Hysmon of Elis, pentathlete, [136]
- Iasos, consumption of oil in gymnasium, [502]
- Iccus of Tarentum, trainer, [129], [505]
- Iliac line in Greek sculpture, [311]
- Immorality, gymnasia accused of, [99]
- Iphitus, truce of, [43]
- Ireland, funeral games, [28];
- Isocrates’ Panegyric at Olympia, [138]
- Isthmia, refounding of, in 582 B.C., [64];
- rivalry with Olympia, [65], [216];
- Dion Chrysostom’s description of, [173], [214];
- corruption at, [174];
- character of, [214];
- connexion with Athens, [216];
- history of, [216];
- competition somewhat local, [216];
- sacred truce and Sparta, [217];
- under the Romans, [218];
- control transferred to Sicyon, [219];
- restored to Corinth, [219];
- programme of, [220];
- prizes at, [221]
- Jason of Pherae, [152], [212]
- Javelin, the, [338];
- the amentum, [339];
- its use in war and the chase, [340];
- its distribution, [342];
- the ounep and the throwing stick, [344];
- its effect, [346]
- Javelin, throwing the, practical style, [348];
- athletic style, [350];
- with or without a run, [352];
- left-handed throw, [352];
- competitions in, [353], [135];
- in Homer, [352], [21];
- in fifth century, [354];
- part of pentathlon, [355];
- rules for, [356];
- on horseback, [356]
- Julius Caesar, sports provided by, [166]
- Jumping, in Homer, [24];
- part of pentathlon, [295];
- a long jump, [296];
- hopping and other exercises, [296];
- the skamma, [297];
- the bater, [297];
- measuring the jump, [298];
- jumping weights, [298];
- method of using, [301];
- a standing or running jump, [306];
- jumping without weights, [308]
- Konisterion, [485], [492], [500]
- Korykeion, [492]
- Korykos, [478]
- Kosmetes, [150], [501]
- Laches of Ceos, runner, [195]
- Laconicum, [491]
- Ladas of Achaea, stadiodromos, [284]
- Ladas of Sparta, dolichodromos, [284]
- Lakkoma at Delphi, [261]
- Lampadarchia, Lampadarchos, [501].
- Lampito, [296]
- Lampon of Aegina, [111]
- Laodicea, stadium, [266]
- Larisa, inscription, [354]
- Leon of Ambracia, appeals to Olympic council, [135]
- Leonidas of Naxos, builds Leonidaeum, [156]
- Leonidas of Rhodes, runner, τριαστής, [161]
- Leontiscus of Sicily, breaks opponent’s fingers, [373], [386]
- Lichas of Sparta, beaten at Olympia, [142]
- Licinius Priscus, improves stadium at Isthmus, [219]
- Loin-cloth, [48], [376]
- Love names, on vases, [99]
- Lucian’s Anacharsis, [182] and passim
- Lyceum at Athens, [149], [468], [472]
- Lycurgus of Athens, [148], [263]
- Lycurgus of Sparta, and trace of Iphitus, [43]
- Lygdamis of Syracuse, boxer, [58]
- Lysander, statue of, at Olympia, [140]
- Lysias, Panegyric, [34];
- Macedon and Olympia, [151], [158]
- Marathon, the charge at, [107]
- Massage, [129], [478]
- Medical gymnastics, [129]
- Megacles of Athens, [210]
- Melancomas, boxer, [174], [428]
- Melesias, trainer, [505]
- Melissus of Thebes, pankratiast, [444]
- Menander of Athens, trainer, [108], [505]
- Messene, stadium, [266]
- Messenian successes at Olympia, [54], [143]
- Metae of stadium, [267]
- Metrodorus of Pergamum, gymnasiarchos, [497]
- Midas of Agrigentum, flute-player, [230]
- Military competitions, [150] ff.;
- Milo of Croton, wrestler, [82], [310], [375], [377]
- Mosaic, from Tusculum, [176], [447];
- Mud, wrestling in, [376]
- Mule chariot-race, [71], [460]
- Mummius at Olympia, [162]
- Mycenae, absence of athletics, [11];
- Myron of Sicyon, [59]
- Myron, sculptor, [95]
- Nemea, origin of festival, [66];
- similarity to Olympia, [66];
- Hellanodicae at, [66], [225];
- control of, [223];
- history of, [224];
- the winter Nemea, [224];
- the sanctuary, [224];
- date, of, [225];
- programme of, [225];
- athletic character of, [226];
- nature of competition at, [226]
- Nero at Olympia, [171];
- Nicasylus of Rhodes, [271]
- Nicogenes of Athens, Agonothetes, decree in honour of, [150]
- Nicostratus of Cilicia, last successor of Heracles, [174]
- Nudity in athletics, influence of, [86]
- Oenopides at Olympia, [140]
- Oil, use of, in athletics, [273];
- Oligaethidae of Corinth, victories of, [217]
- Olympia, buildings and monuments at—
- Altar of Zeus, [53]
- Altis wall, [119], [156]
- Bouleuterion, [69], [116], [119]
- Colonnades, [120], [156]
- Exedra of Herodes, [171]
- Gymnasium, [159], [488]
- Heraeum, [48], [52]
- Heroum, [156]
- Hippodamium, [39]
- Hippodrome, [120], [452]
- Historical monuments, [118], [137], [138], [145], [158], [162]
- Leonidaeum, [156]
- Metroum, [167]
- Nero, house of, [171]
- Oenomaus, house of, [39]
- Palaestra, [159], [486]
- Pelops, tomb of, [39]
- Philippeum, [153]
- Processional entrance, [171]
- Prytaneum, [70]
- Prehistoric remains at, [39]
- Stadium, [53], [120], [156], [167], [251] ff.
- Statues, athletic, [57], [70], [121], [136], [160], [168]
- Statues, honorary, [140], [157], [159], [168], [182]
- Temple of Zeus, [119]
- Theocoleon, [156]
- Treasuries, [58], [69], [118]
- Treasury steps, [118]
- Votive offerings, [40], [53], [138], [157], [183]
- Olympia, history of—
- Antiquity of, [34];
- position of, [36];
- accessibility by sea and land, [36];
- Cretans and Phoenicians at, [37];
- connexion with migrations, [37];
- primitive cults at, [38];
- mythical founding of games, [39];
- Pelops and Heracles, [39];
- in pre-Dorian times, [40];
- under control of Pisatae, [41];
- Oxylus and Dorian invasion, [42];
- Pisatae and Eleans, [43];
- truce of Iphitus, [43];
- dual control of, [44];
- Elean reconstruction of history, [44];
- date of destruction of Pisa, [46]
- First Olympiad, [50];
- Olympia in 776 B.C., [52];
- competition local at first, [54];
- gradual expansion eastward, [55];
- Spartan predominance in seventh century, [56];
- connexion with western colonies, [58];
- political importance recognized by tyrants, [59];
- national and democratic character of, [60];
- in sixth century, [68] ff.;
- activity of Eleans, [68];
- Athenian successes, [73]
- Representative character of competition in fifth century, [108];
- high ideal of Olympia, [115];
- influence of Persian wars, [115];
- synoecism of Elis, [115];
- devastation of Pisatis, [116];
- reorganization of festival by Eleans, [116];
- new buildings, [118]
- Between 440-338 B.C., [131] ff.;
- decline of competition, [131], [136], [140], [145];
- beginnings of corruption, [134];
- political influence of festival, [136];
- a centre of Panhellenism, [136];
- expansion of interests, [139];
- quarrel with Sparta, [141];
- humiliation of Elis, [142];
- Elis and Arcadia, [143];
- battle at Olympia and triumph of Elis, [144]
- Importance of festival in Macedonian times, [152] ff.;
- Philip II., [153];
- Alexander, [154];
- Alexandrian victories at, [155];
- Macedonian monuments, [155];
- Macedonian victories, [158];
- change in competition, [160];
- cessation of victors from the west, [160]
- Decline in first century B.C., [164];
- games transferred to Rome by Sulla, [165];
- discontinuance of chariot-races, [165];
- revival under the Empire, [167];
- Nero at, [170];
- Hadrian and Herodes Atticus, [176];
- antiquarian interest in Olympia, [182];
- the last days of the festival, [192]
- Olympiads, used for chronology, [52]
- Olympic festival—
- Date of, [194];
- duration of, [195];
- order of, [196]-200;
- description of, in fifth century, [201]-207
- Competitors, requirements for, [46];
- Council, [44], [69], [135]
- Exegetae, [168]
- Hellanodicae, [44], [69], [116], [117], [135], [192], [202], [205]
- Heralds and trumpeters, [202], [205]
- Iamidae and Clytidae, [41], [44]
- Officials, lists of, [167]
- Prizes, [48];
- Programme, [51];
- Register of victors, [50], [198]
- Sacred truce, [43], [201]
- Spectators, [139], [203]
- Theoroi, [60]
- Women, exclusion of, [47]
- Onomastus of Smyrna, makes laws for boxing, [33], [56]
- Onomastus, inscription of, on prize caldron, [72]
- Oricadmus of Sicily, laws for wrestling, [401]
- Orsippus of Megara, runner, [48]
- Oschophoria, [228]
- Ounep or throwing thong, [344]
- Over-athleticism, [78]
- Oxyrhynchus Papyrus, fragment of Olympic register, [50], [108], [198];
- Paidonomos, [151], [497]
- Paidotribes and gymnastes, distinction between, [503]
- Paidotribes, dress of, [474];
- Palaestra and gymnasium, difference between, [468]
- Palaestra, different types of, [469];
- Palm of victory, [76] n. 1
- Panathenaea, reorganized by Peisistratus, [74];
- why not Panhellenic, [75];
- programme of, [75], [230];
- recitations at, [230];
- musical contests at, [230];
- athletic, [233];
- equestrian, [235];
- prizes at, [75], [231], [232], [234], [241];
- fewness of Athenian victories at, [235];
- tribal competitions, [239];
- regatta, [241];
- prizes, [241];
- prize amphorae, [242];
- stadium, [263]
- Panathenaic amphorae, [75], [241]-245
- Panhellenic festivals, cycle of, [67]
- Pankration, alleged brutality of, [435];
- Philostratus’ description of, [438];
- combination of wrestling and boxing, [439];
- various throws, [440];
- leg-holds, [441];
- stomach throw, [442];
- kicking, [445];
- strangling, etc., [446];
- ground-wrestling, [448];
- Uffizi wrestlers, [448]
- Paradromis, [483]
- Parthenon, Panathenaic procession on frieze of, [230];
- Patroclus, games of, [15]
- Peisistratus, [73], [74]
- Peleus, pentathlon of, [362];
- wrestling with Atalanta, [387]
- Pelias, funeral games of, [30], [353]
- Peloponnese, the home of athletics, [9]
- Pentathlon, commended by Aristotle, [136];
- the events of, [359];
- three distinctive events, [360];
- typical of Greek education, [361];
- supposed invention by Jason, [362];
- pentathlon of Peleus, [362];
- order of events, [362];
- method of deciding, [365]
- Pergamum, inscription of Attalus, [158];
- Periander of Corinth, [60]
- Phaedimus, boy pankratiast, [161]
- Phanas of Pellene, τριαστής, [82]
- Phayllus of Croton, [212], [284], [308] ff., [318], [368]
- Pheidiphides, courier, [181], [285]
- Pheidon of Argos, [45], [55], [59]
- Pherenice, [47]
- Philinus of Cos, runner, [161]
- Philip II. of Macedon, [152], [460]
- Philip V. of Macedon, at Nemea, [224]
- Philippus of Croton, worshipped here, [77]
- Philippus, boxer, inscription of, [375]
- Philon, contractor, fined by Hellanodicae, [254]
- Philonides of Crete, courier, [155], [181]
- Philopoemen, [160];
- reception of, at Nemea, [224]
- Philostratus, “gymnastike,” [189] and passim
- Phintia, inscription on duties of gymnasiarchos, [502]
- Phlegon of Tralles, edits Olympic Register, [50], [182], [198]
- Phylacidas of Aegina, [111]
- Picks, in gymnasia, [297], [434], [475]
- Pindar, [105], [185];
- his athletic ideal, [109] ff.
- Pisa, date of destruction of, [46];
- Platanistas at Sparta, [184], [468]
- Plato, attitude towards athletics, [128];
- Plutarch, on physical training, [187]
- Polites, runner, [199]
- Polycleitus, [95]
- Polydamas of Scotussa, pankratiast, [77]
- Polydeuces as boxer, [402];
- his fight with Amycus, [428]
- Polymnestor of Miletus, runner, [58]
- Pot-hunting, [81], [174]
- Powder for washing, [480];
- Praxidamas of Aegina, boxer, statue of, [70]
- Praxiteles, the Hermes of, [52]
- Priene, stadium, [265];
- Prizes, in Homer, [14];
- at Olympia, [48];
- at different festivals, [72];
- money, [82], [169];
- at Panathenaea, [75], [232], [234], [241];
- at Ceos, [151];
- at Sparta, [185];
- at Pythia, [214];
- at Isthmia, [221];
- at Nemea, [225];
- at Assinaria, [466]
- Professionalism, [81], [130], [146], [160]
- Ptolemaei and Olympia, [158]
- Ptolemaeus Lagi, [158], [211]
- Ptolemaeus Philadelphus, [149]
- Pylos and Pylians, [42]
- Pyrrhic chorus, [240]
- Pythagoras of Samos, boxer, [58]
- Pythagoras of Samos, trainer, [126], [505]
- Pytheas of Aegina, pankratiast, [111], [225]
- Pythia, originally held every eight years, [62];
- a musical festival, [63];
- first Sacred war, [63];
- refounded as pentaeteris, 582 B.C., [63];
- date of, [208];
- Hieromnemones, [208];
- programme of, [209];
- musical events, [209];
- painting competition, [209];
- equestrian events, [210];
- athletic events, [211];
- stadium, [212];
- hippodrome, [212];
- importance of, in fourth century, [212];
- Pythia held at Athens, 290 B.C., [213];
- Pythaids, [213];
- under the Empire, [213];
- duration and order of events, [213];
- prize, [214], [64]
- Record-breaking, in Imperial times, [181]
- Records, absence of, among Greeks, [2]
- Rhexibius of Opous, pankratiast, statue of, [70]
- Riding, taught in gymnasium, [476]
- Roman games, spectacular, [166]
- Romans, admitted to Greek festivals, [161];
- attitude of, towards athletics, [163]
- Rowing, [507]
- Running. Vide [Foot-race]
- Scholiasts, worthlessness of their evidence, [359]
- Sculpture, athletic—
- Earliest athletic statues, [70];
- sculpture of sixth century, [84];
- Apollo of Tonea, [88];
- Argive statue from Delphi, [90];
- Boeotian type, [90];
- Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo, [90];
- Aeginetan pediments, [90];
- Ligourio bronze, [91];
- Argive and Athenian types, [91]
- Development of athletic statue, [93];
- Growing uniformity of type, [97];
- preference for younger type, [101];
- head of ephebos, [102];
- Delphi charioteer, [111]
- Diversity of type in fourth century, [124];
- Apoxyomenos and Agias, [124];
- Farnese Heracles, [146];
- cessation of athletic statues, [160]
- Girl runner (Vatican), [48];
- standing diskobolos (Vatican), [327];
- bronze statuettes of diskobolos, [326], [328], [330];
- wrestling boys (Naples), [379], [382];
- bronze wrestling groups, [396], [398], [399], [400];
- boxer of the Terme, [146], [409];
- Uffizi wrestlers, [448]
- Sicilian, rules for wrestling, [401];
- love of horse-racing, [451]
- Sicily and Italy, athletic eminence in sixth century, [81];
- decline in third century, [160]
- Simonides, epinikia, [78], [109];
- Skamma, [297], [376]
- Smyrna, connexion with Peloponnese, [50]
- Socrates on athletics, [124], [127]
- Sogenes of Aegina, pentathlete, [224]
- Solon, rewards for athletes, [74];
- Solos, [24], [313]
- Sophius of Messene, runner, [143]
- Sophronistai, [501]
- Sostratus of Sicyon, pankratiast, [148], [447]
- Sotades of Crete, proclaims himself an Ephesian, [134]
- Sparta, athletic greatness in seventh century, [56];
- decline in sixth century, [81];
- popularity of horse-racing, [133];
- revival of Lycurgean discipline under the Empire, [183];
- contest of endurance, [183];
- festivals and games, [184];
- ball games, [185];
- musical and other competitions, [185];
- successes in running, [284];
- contempt of science in boxing and wrestling, [401], [402], [425]
- Spina, unknown in Greek race-courses, [251]
- Stadiodromos and Olympic chronology, [52], [273]
- Stadium, primitive type of, [251];
- history of, [267];
- Isthmia, [219];
- Nemea, [225];
- Olympia, [252];
- Epidaurus, [254];
- Delphi, [257];
- Athens, [263];
- Priene, [265];
- Messene, [266];
- Ephesus, [266];
- Aezani, [266];
- Aphrodisias, [266];
- Laodicea, [266]
- Start, the. Vide [Aphesis], [Foot-race]
- Statius, description of boxing, [426], [432]
- Stomius of Elis, pentathlete, [136]
- Stone-throwing in war and sport, [23]
- Strigil, [481]
- Style in athletics, importance attached to, [2], [114], [373]
- Sulla transfers Olympia to Rome, [165]
- Sweating-bath, [491]
- Swimming, [83], [507]
- Sybaris, [58], [82]
- Syracuse, [465]
- Taraxippus, [455]
- Tarentum, love of horses, [461]
- Tauromenium, number of competitions at, [502]
- Teos, inscriptions, [151], [502], [503]
- Tetrads, [191]
- Theagenes of Thasos, boxer, pankratiast, [77], [81], [82]
- Thebes, famed for chariots, [50], [210], [211];
- Themistocles, at Olympia, [116];
- teaches his son riding and the javelin, [132], [356];
- frequents Cynosarges, [468]
- Theocritus, description of boxing, [428]
- Theodota, victory in chariot-race, [462]
- Theophrastus, [393], [485]
- Theseus, science of wrestling ascribed to, [372];
- of boxing, [402];
- of pankration, [437];
- wrestles with Cercyon, [391];
- comparison of, with Heracles, [85]
- Thessalian wrestling, [401]
- Thessaly, famed for horses, [58], [210]
- Tisamenus defeated by Hieronymus, [365]
- Tiberius Caesar, victory in chariot-race, [167]
- Timodemidae of Athens, [217], [226]
- Timodemus of Athens, [229]
- Tisander of Naxos, boxer, swims for exercise, [83]
- Titormus, weight-lifter and strong man, [83]
- Torch-races, [151], [240], [247], [292], [461], [501]
- Toxotes, [151]
- Trainers, [81], [108], [122], [504]
- Training, [124], [191], [293], [503]
- Troilus of Elis, Hellanodicas, wins horse-race unfairly, [135]
- Truce, sacred, [43], [141], [201];
- abuse of, by Argos, [223]
- Trumpet, races started by, [456]
- Trumpeters, competitions for, [139], [199]
- Tug of war, [405]
- Tullius, M., of Apamea, boxer, inscription of, [151]
- Tydeus, as boxer, [402]
- Tyrtaeus, [81], [88]
- Valerius Eclectus of Sinope, herald, [192]
- Varazdates, last Olympic victor, [193]
- Vases, athletic scenes on, [104];
- Vergil, description of boxing, [172], [431]
- Vitruvius, description of gymnasium, [489]
- Walk-over, [375]
- Watsch, amentum represented on sword-belt, [343];
- Weight-lifting, [83]
- Women, excluded from Olympia, [47];
- compete in chariot-races, [47], [239], [462];
- foot-races for, at the Heraea, [47];
- join in sports with men at Sparta, [47], [296];
- wrestle with youths at Chios, [387]
- Wrestling, its popularity, [372];
- an exercise of skill, [373];
- instruction in, [374];
- competitions in, the bye, [374];
- number of competitors, [374];
- “upright” and “ground,” [376];
- rules of, [377];
- the throw, [377];
- number of throws, [378];
- leg-holds, [380];
- preliminary position, [382];
- arm-holds, [383];
- flying mare, [383];
- neck-holds, [386];
- body-holds, [389];
- the heave, [391];
- cross-buttock, [393];
- tripping, [397];
- variety of styles, [400]
- Xenarches of Sparta, chariot-race, [225]
- Xenocles of Maenalus, wrestler, [375]
- Xenocrates of Agrigentum, chariot, [210]
- Xenophanes, protest against over-athleticism, [79], [272]
- Xenophon, [130];
- Xystarches, [175], [176], [506]
- Xystos, [483]
- Zanes, [134], [174]
- Zosimus of Priene, gymnasiarchos, [496]