CONTENTS

CHAP.Page
I.The Beginnings of Comparative Anatomy[1]
II.Comparative Anatomy before Cuvier[17]
III.Cuvier[31]
IV.Goethe[45]
V.Etienne Geoffroy St Hilaire[52]
VI.The Followers of Etienne Geoffroy St Hilaire[79]
VII.The German Transcendentalists[89]
VIII.Transcendental Anatomy in England—Richard Oven[102]
IX.Karl Ernst von Baer[113]
X.The Embryological Criterion[133]
XI.The Cell-Theory[169]
XII.The Close of the Pre-evolutionary Period[190]
XIII.The Relation of Lamarck and Darwin to Morphology[213]
XIV.Ernst Haeckel and Carl Gegenbaur[246]
XV.Early Theories on the Origin of Vertebrates[268]
XVI.The Germ-layers and Evolution[288]
XVII.The Organism as an Historical Being[302]
XVIII.The Beginnings of Causal Morphology[314]
XIX.Samuel Butler and the Memory Theories of Heredity[335]
XX.The Classical Tradition in Modern Morphology[345]
Index[365]