M
Ma T’ien-jung. His fox-friend and his marriage, [372] sq.
Ma Yüan-shuai. Generalissimo Ma, a three-eyed monster, [207]
Ma-t’ou Niang. ‘Lady with the Horse’s Head,’ See Ts’an Nü
Magic. Gourd, [347]; rope, [348]; circle, [357]–[358]; Fire-quenching Fan, [359] sq.
Magicians. T’u Hsing-sun, [147]; Chü Liu-sun, [147]; Kuo P’o, [223]; Yang Jên, [242]; Yeh Fa-shan, [294]–[295]
Mahayanistic Buddhism, [118]
Maitrêya. Mi-lo Fo; the successor of Shâkyamuni, [120]
Manchu-s. Extent of China at time of conquest by, [18]; conquer China, [28]; symbol of dragon on flag, [28]
Manchuria. As part of China, [27]
Maniac’s Mite. Legend of the, [401]–[402]
Mao Êrh-chieh. Chu Pa-chieh and, [335]
Marriage, [22] sq.; concubinage, [22]–[23]; age for, [23]; matchmaker or go-between, [23]; divorce, [23]; remarriage, [23]–[24]; changes in ceremonial of, [24]–[25]; object of, [24]; of the gods, [99]; of the River-god, [225] sq.
Maruta. Vedic storm-demons, [198]
Measures, Weights and, [49]
Medicine. Primitive knowledge of, [55]–[56]; Ministry of, [246]–[247]; Gods of, [247]–[248]
Mên Shên. Gods of the Door, [165], [172] sq.; legend of, [172] sq.; Shên Shu and Yû Lû as, [173]; Ch’in Shu-pao and Hu Ching-tê as, [173]–[174]; Wei Chêng and, [174]
Mencius, Mêng K’o, or Mêng Tzŭ. Teacher and philosopher; his cosmogony, [80]; and the First Cause, [90]
Mêng K’o. See Mencius
Mêng Tzŭ. See Mencius
Merchants. Shang; the fourth class of the people, [28]
Mercy, Goddess of. See Kuan Yin and Miao Shan
Mi-lo. A river; Ch’ü Yüan drowns himself in, [152]
Mi-lo Fo. Maitrêya; the successor of Shâkyamuni, [120]
Miao. Creation legends of the, [406] sq.; legend of the tailed tribes, [422] n.
Miao Chi. A Taoist priest; and T’ai I, [142]–[143]
Miao Ch’ing. Daughter of Miao Chuang, [257]; marries Chao K’uei, [258]; canonized, [286]
Miao Chuang, or P’o Chia. First name Lo Yü; kinglet of Hsi Yü, [253]; Hsing Lin kingdom of, [253]; Chao Chên minister to, [253]; Ch’u Chieh general to, [253]; Pao Tê (Po Ya) Queen of, [253]; prays for a son, [253]–[254]; birth of daughters to, [256]–[257]; exiles Miao Shan, [260]; orders destruction of the Nunnery of the White Bird, [264]; orders death of Miao Shan, [265] sq.; is punished for burning the nunnery, [274] sq.; is healed by Miao Shan, [276] sq.; conspiracy against, [277] sq.; goes to Hsiang Shan, [283]; his repentance, [284] sq.; canonized, [287]
Miao Shan, Daughter of Miao Chuang, [257]; her ambition, [257]–[258]; her renunciation, [258] sq.; at the Nunnery of the White Bird, [261] sq.; worships Buddha, [262]; receives spiritual aid, [262]–[263]; saves the nunnery, [264]; her execution ordered, [265] sq.; visits the infernal regions, [267]–[268]; makes Hell a paradise, [268]; her virtue is tested, [269]; and Ju Lai, [269]–[270]; attains to perfection, [271]; becomes a Buddha, [271], [286]; and Shan Ts’ai, [271] sq.; tests Shan Ts’ai’s fidelity, [272]–[273]; sends help to son of Lung Wang, [273]–[274]; disguises herself as a priest-doctor, [275] sq.; suffers in order that her father may be cured, [277], [279] sq.; defeats conspiracy of the King’s sons-in-law, [278]–[279]. See also Kuan Yin
Miao Yin. Daughter of Miao Chuang, [257]; marries Ho Fêng, [258]; canonized, [286]
Mid-autumn Festival (All Souls’-Day), [35], [44]–[45]
Middle Kingdom. A term for the Chinese Empire, [29]
Middle Spirit Festival, [44]
Military System. In primitive times, [32]–[33]; in relation to the ruler, [33]; weapons, [33]; standing armies, [33]; changes in, [33]–[34]
Ministry-ies. Of Agriculture, [50]–[51]; celestial, [164], [198]–[199]; of Epidemics, [240]–[241]; of Exorcism, [248]; of Fire, [236]; of Medicine, [246]–[247]; of Smallpox, [246]–[247]; of Thunder and Storms, [198]; of Time, [194]; of Waters, [212]
Ming Huang. Emperor; and Hsü Hao, [249]–[250]
Mo Ti. See Mo Tzŭ
Mo Tzŭ, Mu Tzŭ, or Mo Ti A philosopher; and creation, [89]–[90]; apotheosized, [148]
Mo-li. The Four Diamond Kings of Heaven, [120] sq.
Mohammedans. Represented in Chinese Republican flag, [28]
Monarchical Period. Duration of, [18]; marriage in, [24]; establishment of, [27]; administrative system in, [29]; appointment to Page 443office in, [29]; funeral rites in, [40]–[41]
Mongolia. A dependency of China, [27]
Mongols. Their rule over China, [21]
Monism. Transition to, from dualism, [85]–[86]; Chu Hsi and, [86]–[87]; Lao Tzŭ and, [87]–[88]
Monkey. Becomes a god, [325] sq.
Moon. P’an Ku and the, [77]–[78]; influences terrestrial events, [176]; symbol of the, [176]; hare in the, [176], [179]; worship of the, [176]; Shên I visits the, [187]–[188]
Moon-queen. See Ch’ang Ô
Mother. The Earth-mother, [82], [109]–[110], [165]; Golden, of the Tortoise, [136]; Bushel—see Tou Mu; of Heaven, [150]; Old, of the Waters, [220] sq.
Mountain-s. Sacrifices offered on T’ai Shan, [127]; ‘the Five,’ Wu Yüeh, [242]; Hua Shan, sacred, [253]; monkey under the, [345]–[346]
Mourning. Methods of, [40]
Mu Kung, Tung Wang Kung, or Tung-hua Ti-chün. God of the Immortals, [136]; how formed, [136]; and yang principle, [136]; sovereign of the Eastern Air, [136]–[137]; his servants, Hsien T’ung and Yü Nü, [136]; and Shên I, [185]–[186]. See also Tung Wang Kung
Mu Tzŭ. See Mo Tzŭ
Mu Yeh. Battle of, [152]–[153]
Mu-cha. See Li Mu-cha
Mulberry-trees. Goddess of, [169]
Mutilations. Practised by the Chinese, [38]–[39]
Mythology, [60] sq.; definition of, [60]; Chinese rigidity and, [61], [63]–[64]; intellect and, [61]; effect of Confucianism on, [61]–[62]; influence of religion on, [62]–[63]; effect of Buddhism on, [62]–[63]; history and, [63]; character of Chinese, [67]–[68], [423]; sources of Chinese, [69] sq.; doubt and, [73]–[74]; legend and, [74]–[75]; parallelisms between Chinese and Hebrew, [79] n.; cosmogony and, [92]
Myth-s. Prerequisites to, [64] sq.; periods fertile in, [68]–[69]; phases of, [71] sq.; Sung philosophers and, [73]; a nature myth, [133]; myths of the stars, [176] sq.; of time, [194] sq.; of thunder, [198] sq.; of lightning, [203]–[204]; of wind, [204]–[205]; of rain, [205] sq.; of the waters, [208]; of fire, [236] sq.; of epidemics, medicine, exorcism, etc., [240] sq.; effect of philosophy on, [423]