Trees and Shrubs for English Gardens

by E. T. Cook

HARDY TREES AND SHRUBS FOR BEAUTY OF FOLIAGE AND GROWTH

The following is a table of hardy trees and shrubs more interesting for the beauty of their foliage and growth than for their flowers, with their popular names, approximate heights, native country, and other particulars. All are deciduous unless otherwise specified. Those with an asterisk (*) are the most important.

Latin Name.	Character and Height.	Remarks.	Native Country.
Acanthopanax ricinifolium	Tree 50 ft.	Suitable for South and West of England, needs a good loamy soil	Japan
,, spinosum	Shrub 8 ft.	For sheltered spots in South	,,
Acer argutum	Tree 20 ft.	In ordinary soil and position	,,
,, campestre (Field Maple)	Tree 30 ft.	Will grow in dry spots	Europe and Western Asia
,, ,, variegatum	Tree 20 ft.	If too much exposed the variegated leaves suffer	Garden form
,, carpinifolium	Tree 30 ft.	In ordinary soil and position	Japan
,, caudatum (Syn. A. acuminatum)	Tree 20 ft.	Handsome leaves but rather tender	Himalaya
,, circinatum	Tree 30 to 40 ft.	Needs a sheltered spot. Beautiful autumn foliage	California
,, cissifolium (Syn. Negundo cissifolium)	Small tree 10 ft.	In ordinary soil and position	Japan
,, cratægifolium	Tree 15 ft.	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, creticum (Syn. A. parvifolium), (Cretan Maple)	Tree 25 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Asia Minor
,, *dasycarpum (Syn. A. eriocarpum), (White Maple)	Tree 50 ft.	Soil must not be too dry	North America
,, dasycarpum laciniatum	Tree 50 ft.	Forms a very pretty lawn tree; soil must not be too dry	,,
,, diabolicum (Syn. A. pulchrum)	Tree 25 ft.	In ordinary soil and position	Japan
,, distylum	Tree 15 ft.	Very handsome leaves, 5 to 7 in. long, 4 in. broad; in ordinary soil and position	Japan, Nippon
,, glabrum (Syn. A. tripartitum)	Tree 30 ft.	In ordinary soil and position	Western North America
,, Heldreichi	Tree 25 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Eastern Europe
,, hyrcanum (Syn. A. caucasicum and A. lobatum)	Tree 20 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Caucasus
,, *japonicum (Syn. A. palmatum macrophyllum), (Japanese Maple)	Tree 10 to 15 ft.	Requires protection from cold winds in spring. Very slow in growth	Japan
,, *japonicum aureum (Golden-leaved Japanese Maple)	,,	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, Lobelii (Syn. A. platanoides (Lobelii))	Tree 50 ft.	In ordinary soil and position	Southern Italy
,, macrophyllum (Syn. A. speciosum)	Tree 70 ft.	,, ,, ,,	North-West America
,, monspessulanum	Tree 30 ft.	,, ,, ,,	South of Europe
,, Negundo (Syn. Negundo aceroides)	Tree 40 ft.	,, ,, ,,	North America
,, ,, californicum	Tree 30 ft.	,, ,, ,,	California
,, ,, *variegatum (Variegated Maple)	,,	A well-known variegated tree that must be sparingly planted	Garden form
,, ,, aureum	,,	A very distinct tree, yellow variegation	......
,, opulifolium (Syn. A. Opalus), (Italian Maple)	Small tree 12 ft.	In ordinary soil and position	Corsica
,, *palmatum (Syn. A. polymorphum)	Tree 10 to 15 ft.	Requires protection from cold winds in spring. Slow in growth, but the coloured-leaved varieties are very showy and often brilliant	Japan
,, ,, and many varieties	,,	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, pennsylvanicum (Syn. A. striatum)	Tree 30 ft.	A fairly moist spot is best for this; its striped bark is very striking	North America
,, pictum	Tree 50 ft.	In ordinary soil and position	Japan
,, platanoides	,,	,, ,, ,,	Norway and Sweden
,, ,, laciniatum	,,	,, ,, ,,	Garden form
,, ,, palmatum	,,	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, ,, purpureum (Purple-leaved Maple)	,,	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, ,, *Schwedleri	,,	The young leaves of this are red, and when growing freely it is very striking	,,
,, Pseudo-platanus (Sycamore)	Tree 50 to 70 ft.	In ordinary soil and position	Europe
,, ,, ,, *Leopoldi	Tree 50 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Garden form
,, ,, ,, purpureum	,,	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, ,, ,, and other varieties	Trees 20 to 50 ft.	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, rubrum (Syn. A. coccineum), (Scarlet Maple)	Tree 60 ft.	Needs a fairly moist soil somewhat sheltered	North America
,, saccharinum (Sugar Maple)	,,	In ordinary soil and position	,,
,, spicatum (Syn. A. rugosum)	Tree 20 ft.	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, tataricum	Tree 30 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Tartary
,, ,, *Ginnala	Tree 20 ft.	The brilliant colour of its leaves in autumn attracts attention to this; in ordinary soil and position	Japan
*Ailantus glandulosa	Tree 60 ft.	Good town tree, and for dry soils, and of quick growth	China
Alnus cordifolia	Tree 20 ft.	Thrives in dryer soil than most Alders	South of Europe
,, firma (Syn. A. multinervis)	Tree 30 ft.	Needs a moist spot	Japan
,, glutinosa (Common Alder)	Tree 40 to 60 ft.	Grows well in boggy places	Europe and North Africa
,, ,, *aurea (Golden-leaved Alder)	Tree 30 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Garden form
,, ,, *imperialis	Tree 50 ft.	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, ,, and other varieties	Trees 30 to 60 ft.	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, ,, incana	Tree 50 to 70 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Northern temperate regions
,, ,, and varieties	,,	,, ,, ,,	......
,, japonica (Japanese Alder)	Tree 30 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Japan
,, oregona	Tree 20 ft.	Moist soil	Western North America
,, orientalis	Tree 25 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Orient
,, rhombifolia	Tree 20 ft.	,, ,, ,,	California
,, serrulata	Shrub 8 to 10 ft.	,, ,, ,,	North America
,, ,, viridis	Shrub 6 ft.	Does well in exposed position	Northern Europe and Asia
Aristotelia Macqui	Sub-evergreen shrub 6 ft.	Rather tender, will grow in ordinary soil	Chili
,, ,, variegata	,,	,, ,, ,,	......
Artemesia Abrotanum (Southernwood)	Shrub 3 to 4 ft.	Very fragrant leaves; will grow in dry soils	South of Europe
*Arundinaria Veitchii	Evergreen 2 to 3 ft.	Needs good, fairly moist soil, and protection from cutting winds	Japan
Arundo Donax (Giant Reed)	Evergreen 10 ft.	Hardy in South of England, needs protection in North, moist soil	Mediterranean region
,, ,, variegata	,,	,, ,, ,,	Garden form
Atraphaxis buxifolia	Shrub 2 ft.	Well drained, sandy peat, fairly moist	Caucasus
,, lanceolata	,,	,, ,, ,,	Temperate Asia
,, Muschketowi	,,	,, ,, ,,	Central Asia
,, spinosa	Sub-evergreen shrub 2 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Orient
Atriplex canescens	Shrub 3 ft.	Will grow in dry, sandy soils, and also near the sea	Western North America
,, confertifolia	Shrub 1 ft.	Fairly moist peaty soil	Western United States
,, Halimus (Tree Parslane)	Shrub 6 ft.	Will grow in dry sandy soils and also near the sea	Europe
,, Nuttallii	Shrub 3 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Western North America
,, portulacoides	Shrub 2 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Europe
Azara dentata	Evergreen shrub 12 ft.	Ordinary soil, but thoroughly hardy only in South and West of England	Chili
,, Gilliesii	Evergreen shrub 15 ft.	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, integrifolia	,,	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, *microphylla	Evergreen shrub 12 ft.	,, ,, ,,	,,
Baccharis halimifolia	Shrub 6 to 8 ft.	Useful for dry sandy soils	North America
,, patagonica	Shrub 4 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Patagonia
,, salicifolia	Shrub 6 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Southern United States
Berchemia racemosa	Climbing shrub 15 ft.	Deep moist soil and sheltered spot	Japan
,, volubilis (Syn. Rhamnus volubilis)	Climbing shrub 20 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Southern United States
Latin Name.	Character and Height.	Remarks.	Native Country.
*Betula alba (Syn. B. verrucosa), (Silver Birch)	Tree 50 to 60 ft.	Will grow in bleak cold spots, but is beautiful everywhere	Northern Hemisphere
,, ,, *fastigiata	Tree 30 ft.	Extremely distinct upright growth	Garden form
,, ,, *laciniata (Cut-leaved Birch)	Tree 50 ft.	A charming lawn tree	,,
,, ,, *pendula (Weeping Birch)	Drooping tree	A weeping form	,,
,, ,, *purpurea (Purple-leaved Birch)	Tree 40 ft.	An effective coloured-leaved tree	,,
,, corylifolia (Hazel-leaved Birch)	Tree 50 ft.	Grows well in ordinary soil and position	Japan
,, davurica	Tree 30 to 40 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Northern Asia and America
,, fruticosa	Shrub 6 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Northern Asia
,, lenta (Syn. B. carpinifolia)	Tree 60 to 70 ft.	,, ,, ,,	North America
,, lutea (Syn. B. excelsa), (Yellow Birch)	Tree 70 to 80 ft.	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, *Maximowiczii	Tree 30 ft.	Much larger leaves than any other Birch; very satisfactory with Messrs. Veitch at Coombe Wood	Japan
,, ,, nana (Dwarf Birch)	Shrub 1 to 3 ft.	Grows well in ordinary soil and position	Northern Hemisphere
,, *nigra (Syn. B. rubra), (Red Birch)	Tree 60 to 70 ft.	Does best in moist soil	North America
,, occidentalis	Shrub 8 to 10 ft.	Grows well in ordinary soil and position	Western North America
,, *papyrifera (Syn. B. papyracea), (Canoe Birch)	Tree 60 to 70 ft.	Prefers moist spots	North America
,, populifolia	Tree 30 ft.	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, pumila	Shrub 2 to 3 ft.	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, utilis (Syn. B. Bhojpattra), (Indian Birch)	Tree 50 ft.	Rather tender except in South and West	Himalaya
Bigelovia Douglasii	Shrub 4 ft.	Will grow in poor sandy soils	North America
,, graveolens	Shrub 3 ft.	,, ,, ,,	,,
Broussonetia Kæmpferi	Tree 15 ft.	Sometimes cut by frost, but quickly recovers	Japan
,, *papyrifera (Syn. Morus papyrifera), (Paper Mulberry)	Tree 20 ft.	,, ,, ,,	China, Japan, and Polynesia
Bumelia lanuginosa (Syn. Sideroxylon lanuginosum)	Shrub 10 ft.	Needs good, fairly moist soil, and a sheltered spot	Southern United States
,, lycioides (Syn. Sideroxylon lycioides)	Sub-evergreen shrub 8 ft.	,, ,, ,,	,,
Callicarpa americana	Shrub 6 ft.	Rather tender; likes moist soil	North America
,, japonica	Shrub 5 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Japan
Carpinus caroliniana (Syn. C. americana), (American Hornbeam)	Tree 50 ft.	Any ordinary soil and position	North America
,, *Betulus (Common Hornbeam)	Tree 50 to 60 ft.	Any ordinary soil and position, good for Hedges	Europe
,, cordata	Tree 40 ft.	Any ordinary soil and position	Japan
,, japonica (Japanese Hornbeam)	Tree 15 ft.	,, ,, ,,	,,
*Carya alba (Syn. Hicoria ovata), (Shell Bark Hickory)	Tree 50 to 70 ft.	Needs good loamy soil, very impatient of removal	North America
,, *olivæformis (Syn. Hicoria Peccan), (Peccan Nut)	Tree 30 ft.	,, ,, ,,	,,
Castanea pumila	Tree 12 ft.	Does best on light loamy soils	United States
,, *sativa (Syn. C. vesca), (Sweet Chestnut)	Tree 60 to 70 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Europe and North Africa
,, ,, and varieties	Trees 20 to 50 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Garden forms
*Castanopsis chrysophylla (Syn. Castanea chrysophylla), (Golden Chestnut)	Evergreen shrub 6 ft. to 10 ft.	Needs shelter from cutting winds. Undersides of leaves are rich yellow	California
Cedrela chinensis (Syn. Ailantus flavescens)	Tree 30 ft.	Hardy in South of England	China
*Celastrus articulatus	Climbing shrub 20 ft.	Useful for rambling over unsightly objects, ordinary soil	Japan
,, scandens	,,	,, ,, ,,	North America
Celtis australis (Nettle tree)	Tree 30 to 40 ft.	Ordinary soil and position	Mediterranean region
,, japonica (Japanese Nettle tree)	Tree 30 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Japan
,, mississippiensis	Tree 40 to 50 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Southern United States
,, occidentalis	,,	,, ,, ,,	North America
,, Tournefortii (Syn. C. orientalis)	Tree 15 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Orient
Cephalanthus occidentalis	Shrub 6 ft.	Moist peaty soil with plenty of sand	North America
Cercidophyllum japonicum	Tree 20 to 30 ft.	Hardy in the South, rather tender elsewhere	Japan
Cleyera ochnacea (Syn. C. japonica)	Evergreen shrub 6 ft.	Does best treated as a wall plant in good soil	,,
Cocculus carolinus	Twining shrub 20 ft.	Will grow in warm dry spots	North America
,, laurifolius	Shrub 5 ft.	Needs protection of a wall	Himalaya to Japan
Colletia cruciata	Shrub 6 ft.	Rather tender in North of England	Uruguay
,, ferox (Syn. C. spinosa, C. horrida)	,,	,, ,, ,,	,,
Coriaria myrtifolia	Shrub 5 ft.	A deep light soil suits this best	Mediterranean Region
Cornus alba	Shrub 6 ft.	Ordinary soil and position	North America
,, ,, *sibirica (Siberian Dogwood)	Shrub 5 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Siberia
,, ,, *Spaethii	Shrub 6 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Garden form
,, alternifolia	Shrub 10 ft.	,, ,, ,,	North America
,, Amomum	Shrub 6 ft.	Does best in damp spots	,,
,, Baileyi	,,	Ordinary soil and position	,,
,, circinata	Shrub 5 ft.	Does best in damp spots	,,
,, florida	Shrub 10 ft.	Our summers are rarely hot enough to flower this well. Pendula is a beautiful weeping variety. A delightful shrub whose large white blossoms are borne in June	Eastern North America
,, *Kousa (Syn. Benthamia japonica), (Japanese Strawberry tree)	Shrub 8 to 10 ft.	Hardy, grows slowly when young. Flowers delightfully when established. Should be in other list.	Japan
,, macrophylla (Beautiful at Coombe Wood)	Tree 40 ft.	Deep fairly moist soil. A handsome tree	Northern India to Japan
,, *Mas (Cornelian Cherry)	Small tree 15 ft.	Ordinary soil and position	Europe
,, officinalis	Small tree 10 to 15 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Japan
,, pubescens	Shrub 6 ft.	,, ,, ,,	North America
,, sanguinea (Common Dogwood)	,,	,, ,, ,,	Europe and North Asia
,, stolonifera (Red Osier Dogwood)	Shrub 6 to 8 ft.	,, ,, ,,	North America
Corylus americana (American Hazel)	Shrub 5 to 8 ft.	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, *Avellana (Common Hazel)	Tree or shrub 20 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Europe and Asia
,, ,, and varieties	Trees or shrubs	,, ,, ,,	Garden forms
,, *Colurna (Constantinople Hazel)	Tree 40 to 50 ft.	,, ,, ,,	South-Eastern Europe to Himalaya
,, heterophylla	Tree or shrub 15 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Japan
,, mandshurica (Japanese Hazel)	Small tree 20 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Amurland and Japan
,, maxima (Cob Nut)	Tree or shrub 20 ft.	,, ,, ,,	South Europe
,, rostrata (Beaked Hazel)	Shrub 5 ft.	,, ,, ,,	North America
*Danæ Laurus (Syn. Ruscus racemosus), (Alexandrian laurel)	Evergreen shrub 4 ft.	Grows well in shady spots	Asia Minor
Decumaria barbara	Climbing shrub 10 ft.	Needs a warm sheltered border	Southern United States
Drimys aromatica (Tasmanian Pepper plant)	Evergreen shrub 10 ft.	Hardy only in South and West	Tasmania
,, Winteri (Winter's Bark)	Evergreen shrub 20 ft.	,, ,, ,,	South America
*Elæagnus angustifolia (Syn. E. hortensis), (Wild Olive)	Tree 20 ft.	Will grow in dry sandy soils	Mediterranean region
,, argentea (Syn. Shepherdia argentea), (Silver Berry)	Shrub 5 ft.	Needs a fairly moist soil	North America
,, *glabra	Evergreen shrub 6 ft.	Ordinary soil not too dry	China and Japan
,, *macrophylla	,,	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, *multiflora (Syn. E. edulis, E. longipes)	Deciduous shrub 8 ft.	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, orientalis	Tree 20 ft.	Will grow in dry sandy soils	Orient
,, *pungens (Syn. E. reflexa)	Evergreen shrub 6 to 8 ft.	One of our finest evergreens	China and Japan
,, ,, *and varieties	,,	Will do well in ordinary soil	Garden forms
,, umbellata (Syn. E. japonica)	Sub-evergreen shrub 8 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Japan
Latin Name.	Character and Height.	Remarks.	Native Country.
Empetrum nigrum (Crowberry)	Evergreen shrub 1 ft.	Needs moist peaty soil	Britain
Ephedra americana	Evergreen shrub 3 ft.	Does well in dry stony places	Chili
,, distachya	Evergreen shrub 3 to 4 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Europe and Asia Minor
,, gerardiana	Evergreen shrub 2 ft.	Rather tender	Himalaya
,, helvetica	Evergreen shrub 2 ft.	Does well in dry stony places	South Europe
,, trifurca	Evergreen shrub 3 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Western North America
Ercilla volubilis (Syn. E. spicata)	Evergreen twiner 15 ft.	Needs protection of a wall in most districts	Chili
Eriobotrya japonica (Syn. Photinia japonica), (Loquat), handsome leaves	Evergreen tree 20 ft.	,, ,, ,,	China and Japan
Eurya japonica	Evergreen shrub 6 ft.	Hardy only in south and west	India, China, and Japan
Fagus ferruginea (Syn. F. americana), (American beech)	Tree 40 to 60 ft.	Ordinary soil and position	North America
,, *sylvatica (Common Beech)	Tree 60 to 100 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Europe and Asia Minor
,, ,, *atropurpurea (Purple-leaved Beech)	Tree 50 ft.	Best dark-leaved form	Garden form
,, ,, *cuprea (Copper Beech)	,,	Ordinary soil and position	,,
,, ,, heterophylla	,,	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, ,, *pendula (Weeping Beech)	Tree, height various	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, ,, *purpurea pendula	,,	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, ,, and other varieties	,,	,, ,, ,,	Garden forms
*Fatsia japonica (Syn. Aralia japonica)	Evergreen shrub 3 to 8 feet	Needs sheltered spot, cool moist soil	Japan
*Ficus Carica (Common Fig)	Tree or shrub 15 to 20 ft.	Does best on wall, good town plant	Afghanistan and Eastern Persia
Fraxinus americana (White Ash)	Tree 30 to 40 ft.	Ordinary soil and position	North America
,, augustifolia	Tree 30 to 50 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Southern Europe
,, anomala	Tree 12 ft.	Needs sheltered spot	Utah
,, caroliniana (Water Ash)	Tree 30 to 50 ft.	Ordinary soil and position	United States
,, chinensis (Chinese Ash)	Tree 25 ft.	,, ,, ,,	China
,, *Excelsior (Common Ash)	Tree 30 to 80 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Europe
,, ,, aurea	Tree 50 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Garden form
,, ,, aurea pendula (Weeping Golden Ash)	Tree, height various	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, ,, crispa	Tree 30 ft.	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, ,, heterophylla (Syn. monophylla)	Tree 50 ft.	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, ,, *pendula (Weeping Ash)	Tree, height various	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, ,, and other varieties	Trees, height various	,, ,, ,,	Garden forms
,, mandshurica	Tree 70 to 80 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Mandchuria and Japan
,, nigra (Syn. F. sambucifolia)	Tree 50 ft.	,, ,, ,,	North America
,, numidica	Tree 30 ft.	,, ,, ,,	North Africa
,, oregona (Syn. F. californica), (Oregon Ash)	Tree 50 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Western United States
,, *parvifolia (Syn. F. lentiscifolia)	Tree 30 to 50 ft.	,, ,, ,,	South Europe
,, ,, pendula	Tree, height various	,, ,, ,,	Garden form
,, pennsylvanica (Syn. F. pubescens)	Tree 30 ft.	,, ,, ,,	North America
,, potamophila (Swamp Ash)	,,	,, ,, ,,	Turkestan
,, quadrangulata (Blue Ash)	Tree 60 to 70 ft.	,, ,, ,,	United States
Gleditschia australis	Tree 30 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Southern China
,, japonica (Japanese Locust)	Tree 50 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Japan
,, monosperma (Water Locust)	Tree 60 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Southern United States
,, sinensis (Syn. G. ferox, G. horrida)	Tree 30 ft.	,, ,, ,,	China
,, triacanthos (Honey Locust)	Tree 60 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Eastern United States
Griselinia littoralis	Evergreen tree or shrub 20 ft.	Hardy only in South and West of England	New Zealand
,, lucida	Evergreen tree 15 ft.	,, ,, ,,	,,
Gymnocladus canadensis (Kentucky Coffee Tree)	Tree 50 ft.	Needs good deep soil	North America
,, chinensis	Tree 25 ft.	,, ,, ,,	China
Hymenanthera crassifolia	Shrub 3 ft.	Succeeds in fairly moist peaty soil	New Zealand
Idesia polycarpa	Tree 20 ft.	Deep open loam, shelter from strong winds	Japan
Ilex ambigua (Syn. Prinos ambigua)	Shrub 4 to 5 ft.	Ordinary soil and position	Southern United States
,, Amelanchier (Syn. Prinos lanceolata)	Shrub 6 to 8 ft.	,, ,, ,,	North America
,, Aquifolium (Common Holly)	Evergreen tree 10 to 40 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Europe
,, ,, angustifolium (Narrow-leaved Holly)	Evergreen tree or shrub	,, ,, ,,	Garden form
,, ,, argenteo marginata (Silver Variegated Holly)	,,	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, ,, *argenteo pendula (Weeping Silver Holly)	,,	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, ,, *aureo-marginata (Golden Holly)	,,	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, ,, ferox (Hedgehog Holly)	,,	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, ,, ,, aurea (Golden Hedgehog Holly)	,,	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, ,, *fructo luteo (Yellow-berried Holly)	,,	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, ,, *handsworthensis (Handsworth Holly)	,,	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, ,, *hodginsii	,,	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, ,, laurifolia var. nova, large leaves	,,	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, ,, pendula tricolor (Weeping Variegated Holly)	,,	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, ,, watereriana (Waterer's Holly)	,,	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, cornuta	Evergreen shrub 6 ft.	,, ,, ,,	China
,, *crenata (Japanese Holly)	Evergreen shrub 3 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Japan
,, ,, variegata	,,	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, glabra (Syn. Prinos glaber), (Ink Berry)	Evergreen shrub 2 to 3 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Eastern United States
,, lævigata (Syn. Prinos lævigatus)	Shrub 6 ft.	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, latifolia (Large-leaved Holly)	Evergreen tree 20 ft.	Needs protection of a wall in most parts of England	Japan
,, opaca	Evergreen tree 30 ft.	Ordinary soil and position	Eastern United States
,, rotunda (Round-leaved Holly)	,,	,, ,, ,,	Japan
,, *Wilsoni		A splendid Holly, with large dark-green leaves and big crimson berries
Juglans californica (Californian Walnut)	Tree 30 ft.	Good deep loam, rather dry	California
,, *cinerea (Butter Nut)	Tree 60 ft.	,, ,, ,,	North America
,, mandshurica
,, nigra (Black Walnut)	Tree 60 ft.	Good deep loam, rather dry	North America
,, *regia (Common Walnut)	,,	,, ,, ,,	Caucasus to Himalaya
,, ,, and varieties	Trees	,, ,, ,,	Garden forms
,, rupestris	Tree 30 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Western United States
,, sieboldiana (Syn. J. ailantifolia)	Tree 50 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Japan
Kadsura chinensis (Syn. K. japonica)	Evergreen shrub 6 ft.	A good wall-plant	China and Japan
Lardizabala biternata	Evergreen climber 20 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Chili
Latin Name.	Character and Height.	Remarks.	Native Country.
*Laurus nobilis (Sweet Bay)	Evergreen tree 20 to 40 ft.	Needs a sheltered position	Mediterranean region
Lindera Benzoin (Syn. Laurus Benzoin), (Spice Bush)	Shrub 10 ft.	,, ,, ,, and moist peaty soil	United States
,, glauca	Shrub 6 ft.	,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,,	Japan
,, hypoglauca	Shrub 10 ft.	,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,,	,,
,, obtusiloba	Tree 20 ft.	,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,,	,,
,, sericea (Syn. Benzoin sericeum)	Shrub 6 ft.	,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,,	,,
Liquidambar orientalis (Syn. L. imberbe)	Tree 15 ft.	Ordinary soil and position	Asia Minor
,, *styraciflua (Sweet Gum)	Tree 40 to 50 ft.	Beautiful colour in Autumn	United States
Maclura aurantiaca (Osage Orange)	Tree 15 to 40 ft.	Perfectly hardy only in South of England	Southern United States
*Morus alba (White Mulberry)	Tree 20 to 30 ft.	Ordinary soil and position	Temperate Asia
,, ,, pendula (Weeping Mulberry)	......	,, ,, ,,	Garden form
,, ,, and varieties	......	,, ,, ,,	Garden forms
,, *nigra (Common Mulberry)	Tree 20 to 30 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Persia
,, rubra (Red Mulberry)	Tree 50 ft.	,, ,, ,,	North America
*Myrica asplenifolia (Syn. Comptonia asplenifolia), (Sweet Fern)	Shrub 4 ft.	Moist sandy peat	,,
,, californica (Californian Wax Myrtle)	Sub-evergreen 20 ft.	Ordinary soil in a sheltered spot	California
,, cerifera	Evergreen shrub 8 to 10 ft.	Needs moist peaty soil. This and M. Gale should be planted by lake, pond, or stream margin	United States
,, *Gale (Sweet Gale)	Shrub 3 ft. with scented foliage	,, ,, ,,	Northern Hemisphere
Nandina domestica	Evergreen shrub 6 ft.	Hardy only in south and west of England	China and Japan
Nyssa aquatica (Syn. N. biflora), (Tupelo tree)	Tree 40 ft.	Needs moist peaty soil	Southern United States
,, *sylvatica (Syn. N. multiflora)	Tree 30 ft.	,, ,, ,,	North America
*Osmanthus Aquifolium	Evergreen shrub 5 to 10 ft.	Valuable evergreen; ordinary soil	Japan
,, ,, *ilicifolius	,,	,, ,, ,,	Garden form
,, ,, *purpureus	,,	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, ,, *variegatus	,,	,, ,, ,,	,,
Ostrya carpinifolia (Syn. O. vulgaris), (Hop Hornbeam)	Tree 30 to 40 ft.	Ordinary soil and position	South Europe
Ostrya virginica	Tree 20 to 30 ft.	,, ,, ,,	North America
Paliurus australis (Syn. P. aculeatus), (Christ Thorn), (P. Spina Christi)	Shrub 8 ft.	Light warm soil and position	South Europe
*Parrotia persica (Iron tree)	Shrub 12 ft.	Light warm soil and position, brilliant leaf colour in Autumn	Persia
Phellodendron amurense	Tree 30 ft.	Light warm soil and position	Amurland
Phillyræas		These grow in various soils, from light and sandy ones to heavy loam. Grow them on their own roots.
,, angustifolia	Evergreen shrub 8 to 10 ft.	Light warm soil and position. Flowers in April and May. Best known variety is Rosmarinifolia, which has narrower leaves than the type	Mediterranean region
,, *decora (Syn. P. vilmoriniana)	Evergreen shrub 5 ft.	Light warm soil and position, a valuable evergreen shrub. A plant at Kew is 5½ feet high and 13 ft. through; its flowers are white, fragrant, and appear in May.	Asia Minor (Lazistan)
,, latifolia	Evergreen will grow 20 ft. high. Several varieties are known, P. l. var. ilicifolia, with smaller and P. l. var. rotundifolia, with rounder leaves, are most often seen.	Light warm soil and position	Mediterranean region
,, media	Evergreen shrub 12 ft.	,, ,, ,,	,,
Photinia benthamiana	Evergreen shrub 10 ft.	Hardy only in South and West of England	China
,, serrulata (Chinese Hawthorn)	Evergreen shrub 15 ft.	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, variabilis (Syn. Pourthiœa arguta)	Evergreen shrub 8 ft.	,, ,, ,,	China and Japan
*Platanus acerifolia	Tree 60 to 70 ft.	Good town tree, ordinary soil	Orient
,, cuneata	,,	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, occidentalis (Western Plane)	Tree 70 to 80 ft.	,, ,, ,,	North America
,, orientalis (Eastern Plane)	Tree 60 to 70 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Orient
*Populus alba (Abele or White Poplar)	Tree 60 to 100 ft.	Needs fairly moist soil	Europe and Asia
,, angustifolia (Narrow-leaved Poplar)	Tree 70 ft.	,, ,, ,,	North America
,, balsamifera (Balsam Poplar)	,,	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, canescens (Grey Poplar)	Tree 80 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Europe
,, *deltoidea (Syn. P. canadensis), (Canadian Poplar)	,,	,, ,, ,,	North America
,, *deltoidea aurea (Golden-leaved Canadian Poplar)	Tree 50 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Garden form
,, Fremontei	Tree 70 ft.	,, ,, ,,	California
,, grandidentata	Tree 60 ft.	,, ,, ,,	North America
,, heterophylla	Tree 50 ft.	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, laurifolia	Tree 70 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Southern Siberia
,, nigra (Black Poplar)	Tree 50 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Europe
,, ,, *fastigiata (Lombardy Poplar)	,,	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, Sieboldii	Tree 20 to 30 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Japan
,, Simonii	Tree 60 ft.	,, ,, ,,	China
,, suaveolens	Tree 80 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Japan
,, *tremula (Aspen)	Tree 70 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Europe and North Asia
,, pendula (Weeping Aspen)	Weeping Tree	,, ,, ,,	Garden form
,, tremuloides	Weeping tree 40 to 50 ft.	,, ,, ,,	North America
,, ,, *pendula (Syn. P. juliana pendula)	Weeping Tree	,, ,, ,,	Garden form
,, trichocarpa	Tree 30 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Western North America
,, tristis	Tree 60 ft.	,, ,, ,,	North-East Asia
Ptelea trifoliata (Hop tree)	Small tree 8 to 9 ft.	Ordinary soil and position	North America
*Pterocarya caucasica (Syn. P. fraxinifolia)	Tree 30 ft.	Good deep loam, rather dry; starts early, so catkins and leaves sometimes get injured by frost	Caucasus
,, rhoifolia	Tree 25 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Japan
,, stenoptera	Tree 20 ft.	,, ,, ,,	China

PTEROCARYA CAUCASICA AT CLAREMONT, ESHER. (Largest specimen in England. Height 45 ft., girth of stem 3 ft., from the ground 17 ft., spread of branches 110 yards).

THE CORK OAK (Quercus Suber) AT SWALLOWFIELD PARK.

Latin Name.	Character and Height.	Remarks.	Native Country.
Quercus acuta (Syn. Q. Buergerii)	Evergreen tree 10 ft.	Ordinary soil and position	Japan
,, ,, alba (White Oak)	Tree 60 ft.	,, ,, ,,	North America
,, bicolor	,,	Fairly moist soil	,,
,, *castaneæfolia (Chestnut-leaved Oak)	,,	Ordinary soil and position	Caucasus and Asia Minor
,, Cerris (Turkey Oak)	Tree 50 to 60 ft.	,, ,, ,,	South and East Europe
,, ,, fulhamensis (Fulham Oak)	Sub-evergreen tree 50 to 60 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Garden form
,, ,, *laciniata (Syn. asplenifolia)	Tree 50 ft.	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, ,, lucombeana (Lucombe Oak)	Sub-evergreen 50 ft.	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, cinerea	Tree 30 ft.	Needs fairly moist loamy soil	Southern United States
,, coccifera (Syn. Q. kermesina)	Evergreen tree 15 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Mediterranean region
,, *coccinea (Scarlet Oak)	Tree 50 ft.	Very handsome, leaves in autumn brilliant scarlet	North America
,, *conferta (Q. pannonica), (Hungarian Oak)	Tree 30 ft.	Handsome; very quick in growth; leaves deeply lobed	Italy and Austria
,, cuneata (Syns. Q. triloba, Q. falcata)	Tree 80 ft.	Needs fairly moist loamy soil	North America
,, *cuspidata	Evergreen tree 30 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Japan
,, *dentata (Syn. Q. Daimyo)	Tree 30 ft.	Needs good loamy soil, fairly moist	,,
,, garryana	Tree 50 ft.	,, ,, ,,	North-West America
,, *glabra (Japanese Oak)	Evergreen shrub 10 ft.	Handsome, large leaves, a good evergreen oak	Japan
,, glauca	Evergreen tree 30 ft.	Needs good loamy soil, fairly moist	,,
,, heterophylla	Tree 40 ft.	Ordinary soil and position	United States
,, *Ilex (Evergreen or Holm Oak)	Evergreen 20 to 40 ft.	Good deep sandy loam; very handsome	Mediterranean region
,, ,, and varieties	Evergreen, various heights	,, ,, ,,	Garden forms
,, imbricaria	Tree 40 to 50 ft.	Ordinary soil and position	United States
,, Kelloggii	Tree 70 ft.	Fairly moist soil, sheltered position	Oregon and California
,, lanuginosa	Tree 50 ft.	Ordinary soil and position	Europe and West. Asia
,, laurifolia (Syn. Q. obtusa)	Tree 80 ft.	Needs moist soil. Very handsome	United States
,, Libani	Tree 30 ft.	Ordinary soil and position	Asia Minor
,, lobata	Tree 80 ft.	Fairly moist soil, sheltered position	California
,, lusitanica	Tree 40 ft.	,, ,, ,,	South Europe and Asia Minor
,, *macrocarpa (Burr Oak)	Tree 30 ft.	Ordinary soil and position	North America
,, marilandica	Tree 30 to 50 ft.	,, ,, ,,	United States
,, Michauxii	Tree 80 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Southern United States
,, Mirbeckii	Tree 30 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Spain, Portugal, and North Africa
,, nigra	Tree 25 ft.	Fairly moist soil	Southern United States
,, *palustris (Pin Oak)	Tree 60 ft.	Leaves charming in Spring and Autumn	United States
,, pedunculata (Syn. Q. Robur pedunculata), (British Oak)	Tree 50 to 100 ft.	Ordinary soil and position	Europe and Asia
,, *pedunculata Concordia (Golden-leaved British Oak)	Tree 20 ft.	Ordinary soil and position; very handsome golden-leaved tree	Garden form
,, pedunculata fastigiata	Tree 50 ft.	Ordinary soil and position	Garden form
,, ,, heterophylla	Tree 40 ft.	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, ,, pendula (Weeping Oak)	Tree	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, ,, purpurascens	Tree 50 ft.	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, *Phellos (Willow Oak)	,,	,, ,, ,,	United States
,, phillyræoides	Evergreen tree 15 ft.	Fairly moist soil, sheltered spot	Japan
,, pontica	Tree or shrub 15 ft.	Ordinary soil and position	Asia Minor
,, prinoides	Tree 20 to 30 ft.	,, ,, ,,	United States
,, Prinos	Tree 70 to 80 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Eastern North America
,, Pseudo-suber	Sub-evergreen tree 50 ft.	,, ,, ,, sheltered spot	South Europe
,, pumila	Spreading shrub 10 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Eastern United States
,, reticulata	Evergreen shrub 10 ft.	Hardy only in South and West of England	New Mexico and Arizona
,, *rubra (Champion Oak)	Tree 60 to 80 ft.	Ordinary soil and position; brilliant Autumn colour; very handsome	North America
,, serrata	Tree 20 to 30 ft.	Ordinary soil and position	China and Japan
,, sessiliflora	Tree 60 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Europe, West Asia
,, ,, and varieties	Trees various	,, ,, ,,	Garden forms
,, ,, stellata	Tree 50 ft.	,, ,, ,,	United States
,, Suber (Cork Oak)	Evergreen tree 25 ft.	Rather more tender than the Holm Oak (gives the cork of commerce)	South Europe, North Africa
,, Toza (Syn. Q. Tauzin)	Tree 30 ft.	Ordinary soil and position	South-west Europe
,, Turneri (Syn. Q. austriaca sempervirens, Q. glandulifera)	Sub-evergreen tree 40 to 50 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Garden origin
,, undulata	Tree 20 ft.	Ordinary soil and sheltered spot	Western North America
,, velutina	Tree 70 to 80 ft.	,, and position	North America

EVERGREEN OAKS. (Frogmore.)

Latin Name.	Character and Height.	Remarks.	Native Country.
*Rhamnus Alaternus	Evergreen shrub or tree 20 ft.	,, ,, ,,	South-west Europe
,, alnifolius (Alder-leaved Buckthorn)	Shrub 2 to 4 ft.	Moist peaty soil	United States
,, alpinus (Alpine Buckthorn)	Shrub 4 ft.	Ordinary soil and position	Alpine regions
,, californicus (Californian Buckthorn)	Evergreen shrub 10 ft.	,, and sheltered position	California
,, carolinianus	Shrub 6 to 8 ft.	Ordinary soil and position	Southern United States
,, catharticus	Shrub 5 to 10 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Europe and Asia
,, davuricus	Shrub 12 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Siberia
,, Frangula	Shrub 5 to 10 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Europe
,, infectorius	Shrub 2 ft.	,, ,, ,,	South Europe
,, libanoticus	Shrub 6 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Asia Minor and Syria
,, *purshianus (Syn. R. rubra)	Shrub 10 ft.	,, ,, ,,	California
,, saxatilis	Shrub 2 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Europe
,, tinctorius	Shrub 8 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Europe and Asia
Rhus aromatica	,,	,, ,, ,,	Southern United States
,, copallina	Shrub 6 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Eastern United States
,, Cotinus (Venetian, Sumach, Wig Tree, Smoke Bush)	Shrub 6 to 8 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Europe
,, *cotinoides	Shrub 15 ft.	,, ,, ,,	North America
,, *glabra (Syn. R. coccinea)	Tree 15 ft.	,, ,, ,,	United States
,, ,, *laciniata	Shrub 6 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Garden form
,, Osbeckei	Tree 20 ft.	,, and sheltered position	China and Japan
,, succedanea	Shrub 10 ft.	Hardy only in South and West of England	,,
,, Toxicodendron (Syn. Ampelopsis japonica), (Poison Oak, Poison Ivy), (Syn. Ampelopsis Hoggii)	Twining shrub 20 ft.	Ordinary soil and position. Very poisonous	North America and Japan
,, *typhina (Stag's-horn Sumach)	Tree 25 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Eastern United States
,, venenata (Syn. R. vernix), (Poison Sumach)	Shrub 12 ft.	,, ,, ,, Very poisonous	,,
,, vernicifera	Tree 25 ft.	,, sheltered position	China and Japan
*Ruscus aculeatus (Butcher's Broom)	Evergreen shrub 2 ft.	Will grow well under the shade of trees	Europe
,, *Hypoglossum	Evergreen shrub 2 to 3 ft.	,, ,, ,,	South Europe and North Africa
,, Hypophyllum	,,	,, ,, ,,	South-west Europe
Ruta graveolens	Shrub 3 ft.	Sandy loam, sunny spot	South Europe
Salix alba (White Willow)	Tree 60 ft.	Needs moist soil, indeed will grow in boggy places	Europe and Asia
,, ,, *britzensis (Cardinal Willow)	Tree 25 ft.	Brilliant bark, colour very effective	Garden form
,, ,, *vitellina (Golden-barked Willow)	,,	Needs moist soil, indeed will grow in boggy places	,,
,, ambigua	Shrub 2 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Europe
,, aurita	Tree 15 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Eastern North America
,, babylonica (Babylonian Weeping Willow)	Tree 30 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Japan
,, ,, annularis	,,	,, ,, ,,	Garden form
,, cæsia (Syn. S. prostrata), (Grey-leaved Willow)	Shrub 3 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Switzerland
,, Caprea (Goat Willow)	Tree 25 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Europe and North Asia
,, ,, *pendula (Kilmarnock Willow)	Weeping	,, ,, ,,	Garden form
,, cinerea	Tree 20 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Europe and North Asia
,, cordata	Tree 15 ft.	,, ,, ,,	North America
,, cuspidata	Tree 25 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Europe
,, daphnoides (Violet Willow)	Tree 10 to 20 ft.	Very beautiful yellow catkins, robust	,,
,, decipiens	Tree 30 ft.	Needs moist soil, indeed will grow in boggy places	,,
,, doniana	Shrub 5 ft.	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, fragilis (Syn. S. russelliana), (Crack Willow)	Tree 60 to 70 ft.	Very beautiful willow	Europe and North Asia
,, ,, basfordiana	Tree 25 ft.	Needs moist soil, indeed will grow in boggy places	Garden form
,, hastata	Shrub 6 to 8 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Europe and North Asia
,, herbacea	Shrub 2 to 3 in.	A good rockwork plant	,,
,, hexandra	Tree 20 ft.	Needs moist soil, indeed will grow in boggy places	Europe
,, humilis	Shrub 2 ft.	,, ,, ,,	North America
,, lanata	Shrub 4 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Arctic Europe
,, Lapponum (Lapland Willow)	Shrub 1 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Europe and North Asia
,, lasiandra	Shrub 12 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Western United States
,, *laurina (Syn. S. bicolor)	Shrub 10 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Europe
,, lucida	Shrub 10 to 12 ft.	,, ,, ,,	North America
,, Myrsinites	Shrub 6 in. to 1 ft.	A good rockwork plant	North Hemisphere
,, myrtilloides (Syn. S. elegans)	Shrub 2 to 4 ft.	Needs moist soil, indeed will grow in boggy places	,,
,, nigra (Black Willow)	Tree 25 ft.	,, ,, ,,	North America
,, nigricans	Tree 10 to 12 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Tyrol
,, *pentandra	Shrub 8 to 9 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Europe and North Asia
,, petiolaris (Syn. S. fuscata)	Shrub 8 to 10 ft.	,, ,, ,,	North America
,, phylicifolia	Shrub 6 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Tyrol
,, purpurea (Syn. S. fissa), (Purple Willow)	Shrub 8 to 10 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Europe and North Asia
,, ,, *pendula (Syn. S. americana pendula), (American Weeping Willow)	Shrub Weeping	,, ,, ,,	Garden form
,, repens	Shrub 1 ft.	Will grow in dry sandy soils	Europe and North Asia
,, ,, *argentea (Syn. S. sericea pendula)	Shrub Weeping	Needs moist soil, indeed will grow in boggy places	Garden form
,, reticulata	Shrub 6 in.	A good rockwork plant	Arctic regions
,, retusa	Shrub 6 in. to 1 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Europe and North Asia
,, *rosmarinifolia (Rosemary-leaved Willow)	Shrub 2 to 4 ft.	Needs moist soil, indeed will grow in boggy places. Very charming	Europe
,, rubra	Tree 10 to 30 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Europe
,, sieboldiana	Tree 15 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Japan
,, smithiana (Syn. S. pannosa)	Shrub 5 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Europe
,, stipularis	Tree 15 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Europe
,, triandra	Tree 20 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Europe and North Asia
,, undulata (Syn. S. lanceolata)	Shrub 12 to 15 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Europe
,, viminalis (Syn. S. longifolia), (Twiggy Willow)	Tree 25 ft.	,, ,, ,,	North Europe and Asia
,, viridis	,,	,, ,, ,,	Europe
*Sambucus nigra aurea (Golden-leaved Elder)	Tree 25 ft.	Ordinary soil and position, full sun	Garden form
,, ,, laciniata (Cut-leaved Elder)	,,	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, racemosa (Scarlet-berried Elder)	Tree 10 to 15 ft.	Needs a fairly cool moist soil	North Hemisphere
,, ,, *plumosa	Tree 12 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Garden form
,, ,, ,, *aurea	Tree 8 ft.	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, ,, serratifolia	Tree 10 to 15 ft.	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, ,, *tenuifolia	Shrub 6 ft.	,, ,, ,,	,,
Latin Name.	Character and Height.	Remarks.	Native Country.
Santolina Chamæcyparissus (Lavender Cotton)	Evergreen shrub 2 to 3 ft.	Grows well in dry sandy soils	South Europe
,, rosmarinifolia	Evergreen shrub 2 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Spain and Portugal
,, viridis	Evergreen shrub 3 ft.	,, ,, ,,	South Europe
Sarcococca Hookeriana	Evergreen shrub 4 ft.	Hardy only in the South and West of England	Himalaya
Sassafras officinale (Syn. Laurus Sassafras) (The Sassafras tree)	Tree 15 to 25 ft.	Needs fairly moist soil, sheltered position	United States
Schizandra chinensis	Twining shrub 20 ft.	Succeeds best as a wall plant	China and Japan
Smilax aspera	Twining evergreen shrub 10 ft.	Should be trained to a wall or trellis. Needs shelter	Mediterranean region
,, ,, maculata	Twining evergreen shrub 10 ft.	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, Bona-nox (Syn. S. hastata)	Twining evergreen shrub 5 to 10 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Southern United States
,, China	Twining evergreen shrub 20 ft.	,, ,, ,,	China
,, excelsa	Twining evergreen shrub 10 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Syria
,, glauca (Syn. S. Sarsaparilla)	Twining evergreen shrub 3 ft.	,, ,, ,,	North America
,, rotundifolia (Syn. S. caduca)	Twining deciduous shrub 8 ft.	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, tamnoides	Twining evergreen shrub 10 ft.	,, ,, ,,	,,
Stachyurus præcox	Small tree 10 to 12 ft.	Moist soil and sheltered spot. Early flowering	China and Japan
Stauntonia hexaphylla	Evergreen twiner 20 ft.	Needs the protection of a wall in the London district	,,
Stephanandra flexuosa (Syn. S. incisa)	Shrub 5 ft.	Ordinary soil and position	,,
,, Tanakæ	Shrub 3 ft.	Reddish-brown stems in winter	Japan
Stranvæsia glaucescens	Evergreen tree 20 ft.	Hardy only in South and West of England	Himalaya
Symplocos cratægoides	Small tree 15 ft.	Needs sheltered spot	Himalaya to Japan
,, japonica (Syn. S. lucida)	Shrub 10 ft.	,, ,, ,,	China and Japan
,, tinctoria	Shrub 3 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Southern United States
Taxus (Yew). See pp. [92], [123], [326]
Teucrium fruticans (Free Germander)	Evergreen shrub 2 to 3 ft.	Needs sheltered spot and light soil	South Europe
Tilia americana (Syn. T. glabra), (American Lime)	Tree 60 to 70 ft.	Ordinary soil and position	North America
,, *argentea (Syn. T. americana pubescens), (Silver Lime)	Tree 30 to 50 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Eastern Europe
,, cordata (Syn. T. microphylla)	,,	,, ,, ,,	Eastern North America
,, *dasystyla (Syn. T. euchlora)	,,	Distinct upright growth; leaves curled somewhat. Very valuable	South-Eastern United States
,, heterophylla (Syn. T. macrophylla)	,,	Ordinary soil and position	North America
,, mandshurica	Tree 40 to 50 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Manchuria
,, miqueliana (Japanese Lime)	Tree 60 to 80 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Japan
,, *petiolaris (Syn. T. alba pendula), (White Weeping Lime)	Tree 50 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Eastern Europe
,, *platyphyllos (Syn. T. europæa)	Tree 60 to 80 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Europe
,, ,, and varieties	Various heights	,, ,, ,,	Garden forms
,, pubescens (Syn. T. leptophylla)	Tree 50 to 70 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Eastern United States
,, vulgaris (Syn. T. hybrida), (Common Lime)	Tree 60 to 80 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Europe
*Trachycarpus excelsus (Syn. Chamærops excelsa)	Evergreen palm 20 ft.	Good deep loam, shelter from rough winds	Japan
Ulmus alata (Cork-winged Elm)	Tree 30 to 40 ft.	Ordinary soil and position	Southern United States
,, americana (American Elm)	Tree 80 to 90 ft.	,, ,, ,,	North America
,, ,, pendula (American Weeping Elm)	Weeping tree	,, ,, ,,	Garden form
,, campestris (Common Elm)	Tree 60 to 80 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Europe and Asia
,, ,, *aurea (Golden-leaved Elm)	Tree 30 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Garden form
,, ,, *microphylla pendula	Weeping tree	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, ,, suberosa	Tree 60 to 80 ft.	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, ,, viminalis (Twiggy Elm)	Tree 25 ft.	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, fulva (Syn. U. rubra)	Tree 50 to 60 ft.	,, ,, ,,	North America
,, montana (Scotch or Wych Elm)	Tree 60 to 80 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Europe and North Asia
,, ,, aurea	Tree 30 to 40 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Garden form
,, ,, crispa	Tree 30 to 40 ft.	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, ,, *Dampieri aurea	Tree 25 to 30 ft.	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, ,, fastigiata	Tree 40 to 50 ft.	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, ,, *pendula	Weeping tree	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, ,, purpurea (Purple-leaved Elm)	Tree 40 to 50 ft.	,, ,, ,,	,,
,, ,, and other varieties	Various heights	,, ,, ,,	Garden forms
,, parviflora (Syn. U. chinensis)	Small tree 10 to 12 ft.	,, ,, ,,	China and Japan
,, pumila	Small tree 10 to 15 ft.	,, ,, ,,	North Asia
,, racemosa	Tree 50 to 60 ft.	,, ,, ,,	North America
,, turkestanica (Turkestan Elm)	Tree 40 to 50 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Turkestan
Xanthoxylum americanum (Toothache tree)	Shrub 10 to 20 ft.	,, ,, ,,	United States
,, planispinum	Shrub 10 to 15 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Japan
Zelkowa acuminata	Tree 50 to 80 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Japan
,, crenata	Tree 60 to 80 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Caucasus
,, Verschaffelti (Syn. Ulmus Verschaffelti)	Tree 30 ft.	,, ,, ,,	Eastern Europe and Asia Minor

DOVASTON YEW ON STEEP BANK.

INDEX

Abelia floribunda, [189]

Abelias, [20];

as climbers, [307];

pruning, [20]

Abies, [122]

Abutilon vexillarium, [189]

Abutilons, as climbing shrubs, [308]

Acacia, [449];

rose, the, [4], [448]

Acacias, [189]

Acanthopanax ricinifolium, [20], [470];

sessiliflorum, [20];

spinosum, [20], [470]

Acer, [41], [175], [470];

ginnala, for colour, [74];

palmatum and varieties, [282]

Actinidia, [176];

pruning, [21];

for autumn colouring, [76]

Adenandra fragrans, [190]

Adlumia cirrhosa, [308]

Æsculus, [4], [21], [41], [176], [357], [358], [359]

Ailantus, [41], [471];

glandulosa, [176];

for its fruits, [78]

Akebia quinata, [308];

pruning, [21];

for autumn colouring, [76]

Alders [41], [68], [471];

with beautiful catkins, [68]

Alleys, pleached or green, [334]-[337]

Allspice, American, [364];

Californian, [364]

Almond, the, [409];

in greenhouse, [278]

Alnus, [41], [471]-[472]

Aloysia citriodora, [309]

Alpine rose, [431]

Althæa frutex, [4]

Amelanchier, [3], [17], [21], [167], [176], [360]-[361];

canadensis, for colour, [74]

Amoor yellow wood, [370]

Amorpha canescens, [22];

fruticosa, [22]

Ampelopsis, [309];

Veitch's, for autumn colouring, [76]

Amygdalus, [410]

Andromeda polifolia, [176], [361]

Andromedas, [18], [22], [250], [393];

in greenhouse, [266]

Anopterus glandulosa, [190]

Apios tuberosa, [309]

Apricots, the, [411]

Aralia, [26];

pruning, [22];

mandschurica, [166];

quinquefolia, [191];

spinosa, [176]

Araucaria, [121]

Arbours, weeping trees as, [89]

Arbor-vitæ, as a hedge, [327]

Arbutus, [17], [176];

hybrida, [64], [249];

Unedo, [249];

Unedo for its fruits, [78];

and varieties, [64], [249]

Arctostaphylos alpina, [176];

Uva-ursi, [250]

Aristolochia, [22], [166], [176];

Sipho, as a climber, [305], [309]

Aristotelia Macqui, [472];

M. variegata, [472]

Aronia floribunda, for grouping, [284]

Arrow-wood, [462]

Artemisia Abrotanum, [176], [472]

Artemisia, pruning, [22]

Arundinaria Veitchii, [472]

Arundo Donax, [472];

A. D. variegata, [472]

Ash, [41], [476];

Barberry, [361];

flowering, [387];

mountain, [7], [425]

Aspen, [481]

Aster argophyllus, [191]

Athrotaxis laxifolia, [191]

Atragene alpina, [309]

Atraphaxis buxifolia, [472];

lanceolata, [472];

Muschketowi, [472];

spinosa, [472]

Atriplex canescens, [472];

confertifolia, [472];

Halimus, [472];

Nuttallii, [472];

portulacoides, [472]

Aucuba, [58], [176], [249];

the spotted, [58]

Aucubas, [251], [256];

for their fruits, [78]

Autumn colours, [71]-[76]

Azalea amœna, [250];

ledifolia, [249];

occidentalis, [5]

Azaleas, [31], [250], [442];

for autumn colouring, [75];

in Scotland, [173];

in greenhouse, [267]

Azara dentata, [472];

Gilliesii, [472];

integrifolia, [472];

microphylla, [176], [249], [310], [472]

Baccharis halimifolia, [22], [472];

salicifolia, [472];

Patagonica, [22], [472]

Bamboo garden at Kew, [220]

Bamboos, hardy, [185], [218]-[225];

place for, [219]

Banksia grandis, [191]

Barberries, for their fruit, [78]

Bauera rubioides, [191]

Bay, sweet, [478]

Beam tree, white, [7], [424]

Beech, propagating the, [41];

autumn colouring of, [74];

winter beauty of, [54]

Beeches, the, [476]

Bennett, Henry, the late, [342]

Benthamia fragifera, [191], [310]

Berberidopsis corallina, [208], [310]

Berberis Aquifolium, [256];

for grouping, [297];

and vars., [249];

for autumn colouring, [75], [249];

buxifolia, [249];

concinna, for autumn colouring, [75];

Darwinii, [249];

japonica, [249];

stenophylla, [39], [249], [256];

Thunbergi, for autumn colouring, [75];

for grouping, [284];

wallichiana, [249];

vulgaris purpureis, for grouping, [284]

Berberises, the, [9], [10], [22], [167], [176], [250], [361]-[363];

in greenhouse, [268]

Berchemia, [472];

pruning, [23]

Betula, [41], [59], [167], [176], [473];

corylifolia, for colour, [73]

Bigelovia Douglasii, [473];

graveolens, [473]

Bignonia capreolata, [311];

in the south-west, [208]

Billardiera longiflora, [311]

Birches, the, [41], [59], [61], [472]-[473];

silver, [473]

Black thorn, [7]

Bladder nut, [454]

Bladder Senna, [371]

Borders, flower and shrub, [257], [259]

Boronias, [192]

Bougainvillea glabra, in the south-west, [208]

Box, [11], [177], [248];

for grouping, [297];

as a hedge, [327]

Box-leaved Barberry, [361]-[362]

Brachyglottis repanda, [192]

Brambles, the, [450];

for autumn colouring, [76]

Broom, Austrian, [373];

butcher's, [484];

common, [359], [375];

drooping, [375];

moonlight, [375];

Portuguese, [372];

Spanish, [250], [372], [452];

white Spanish, [356]

Brooms, in greenhouse, [286]

Broussonetia Kæmpferi, [473];

papyrifera, [473]

Bruckenthalia, pruning, [23];

spiculifolia, [250]

Bryanthus, [23], [177];

empetriformis, [250]

Buck-eyes, the, [357]

Bucklandia populnea, [208]

Buckthorn, sea, [11], [483];

for its fruits, [82]

Budding, propagating trees and shrubs by, [41]

Buddleia Colvillei, [192], [363];

globosa, [23], [167], [363];

japonica, [23], [363];

intermedia, [23];

lindleyana, [23];

paniculata, [23];

variabilis, [23], [364];

Wilsonæ, [363]

Bumelia lanuginosa, [473];

lycioides, [473]

Butter nut, [478]

Cæsalpinia Gilliesi, [265];

japonica, [364]

Callicarpa purpurea, in the south-west, [209]

Calluna, [23];

vulgaris, [13], [238], [250]

Calophaca, [23]

Calycanthus, [23];

floridus, [4], [167], [364];

occidentalis, [364]

Calystegia pubescens, fl. pl., [311]

Camellia, [23], [177], [311];

japonica, [249];

reticulata, [193]

Candleberry gale, [18]

Candollea tetrandra in the south-west, [193]

Cantua buxifolia, [193]

Caragana, [24]

Carmichælia, [24], [177]

Carpenteria californica, in the south-west, [193];

in greenhouse, [268]

Carpinus, [41], [175], [473]

Carya, [41], [474];

tomentosa, for autumn colouring, [73]

Caryopteris Mastacanthus, [193];

in greenhouse, [268]

Cassandra, [24], [364]

Cassia corymbosa, [209]

Cassinia, [24];

fulvida, [3];

leptophylla, [194]

Cassiope, [24], [177], [364]

Castanea, [41], [177], [474]

Catalpa, [24], [42], [365]-[367]

Ceanothus, [166], [167], [194], [313], [367], [368];

americanus, [24], [367];

azureus, [24], [367];

gloire de Versailles, [24], [194], [249];

integerrimus, [24];

veitchianus, [194]

Ceanothuses, in greenhouse, [269]

Cedar of Lebanon, [51];

beauty of, in winter, [51]

Cedrus, [122]

Celastrus, [24], [474];

for its fruits, [80]

Celtis, [41], [474]

Cercis, [24], [177], [368];

Siliquastrum, in greenhouse, [269]

Cherries, the, [414]

Cherry, cornelian, [475];

bird, [3], [7], [417]

Cherry, wild, [7], [17], [414]

Chestnut, [41];

golden, [474];

sweet, [41], [474]

Chimonanthus, [3], [25], [177], [313];

fragrans, [57], [64]

Chionanthus, [25], [368], [369];

in greenhouse, [269]

Choisya ternata, [168], [178], [249], [270], [314], [369]

Chorizemas, in the south-west, [209]

Christ's Thorn, [83]

Cissus discolor, in the south-west, [209]

Cistus, [18], [25], [178], [369]-[370];

gum, [370];

laurifolius, [249]

Citharexylon quadrangulare, [194]

Citrus trifoliata, [194]

Cladrastis amurensis, [370];

tinctoria, [370];

for autumn colouring, [74]

Clematis aromatica, [25];

calycina, [64];

cærulea odorata, [25];

Flammula, [25];

florida, [25];

indivisa lobata, in the south-west, [209];

Jackmani, [25], [168];

lanuginosa, [25];

montana, [25], [168];

paniculata, [25];

patens, [25];

Viticella, [25];

Vitalba, [25]

Clematises, in greenhouse, [270]

Clerodendron trichotomum, [25], [194];

for autumn colouring, [74]

Clethra, [25], [168], [194];

in greenhouse, [270];

alnifolia, [4], [370]-[371]

Clianthus puniceus, in the south-west, [209]

Climbers, variegated, [99]

Coffee tree, [477]

Colletia cruciata, [178], [474];

ferox, [474]

Colouring, autumn, of leaf, [71]

Colutea, [26], [371];

arborescens, [177], [371];

for grouping, [285], [371];

cruenta, [371]

Comptonia asplenifolia, [5]

Conifers, [185];

at Murthly Castle, [124];

for autumn colouring, [74];

for rock garden, [148];

in ornamental planting, [110]-[128];

propagation of, [118]-[124];

variegated, [97];

weeping, [91]

Convolvulus Cneorum, [178]

Coprosma acerosa, for its fruits, [81]

Coriaria japonica, for its fruits, [81];

myrtifolia, [474]

Cornels, in winter, [60]-[61]

Cornus, [64], [178], [474]-[475];

alba, [26], [168], [474];

Amomum, [26], [474];

Baileyi, [26], [474];

capitata, for its fruits, [81];

fragifera, [191];

pubescens, [26], [475];

sanguinea, for grouping, [285];

Spathii, [252];

stolonifera, [26], [475];

winter beauty of, [60], [61]

Corokia buddleioides, [195]

Coronilla Emerus, [371];

juncea, [372]

Correas, in the south-west, [195]

Corylopsis pauciflora, [372];

spicata, [64], [177], [270], [372]

Corylus, [168], [178], [475];

maxima purpurea, for grouping, [286]

Corynocarpus lævigatus, [195]

Cotoneaster buxifolia, [249];

and Wheeleri for grouping, [298];

frigida, [252];

horizontalis, [259];

for autumn colouring, [75];

microphylla, [168], [250];

for grouping, [298];

rotundifolia, [250];

Simonsii, [250];

for grouping, [286];

thymifolia, [250]

Cotoneasters, [26], [178], [256];

for their fruits, [78]

Cotton, [486]

Crab, Siberian, the, [421]

Crabs, [7], [421]-[424]

Cratægus, [7], [26], [42], [372], [376]-[382];

monogyna præcox, [64];

Oxyacantha, [252], [256];

Pyracantha, [249], [256]

Crinodendron Hookeri, [195]

Crowberry, [476]

Cryptomeria, [121]

Cucumber tree, [403]

Cupressus, the, [119];

macrocarpa, [11]

Currants, the, [279], [448]

Cuttings, propagating trees and shrubs by, [40]

Cypress, Monterey, [11];

Lawson, in winter, [51];

Lawson, as a hedge, [328]

Cyrilla racemiflora, [382]

Cytisus, [26], [252], [286], [372]-[376];

in greenhouse, [271];

capitatus, [26], [373];

nigricans, [26], [372], [373], [374];

racemosus, in the south-west, [195]

Cytisuses, the, [168], [178], [372], [373], [374], [375]

Dabœcia, [16];

polifolia, [178], [238], [250], [382]

Daffodils, [15]

Daisy, bush, [405];

tree, [405]

Danæ Laurus, [475]

Daphne Cneorum, [169], [250], [252];

indica, in the south-west, [196];

Laureola, [7], [169], [282];

Mezereum and var. alba, [252];

Mezereum, for grouping, [169], [256], [287];

oleoides, [250]

Daphnes, the, [26], [64], [179], [382], [383]

Daphniphyllum glaucescens, [196]

Datura sanguinea, in the south-west, [196]

Decumaria barbara, [475]

Dendromecon rigidus, in the south-west, [196]

Desfontainea spinosa, [196]

Desmodium, [27]

Deutzia, [27], [179], [271], [383], [384];

crenata, [169], [252], [383];

for autumn colouring, [76];

discolor, [383];

gracilis, [252], [383];

hybrida, [252], [383];

parviflora, [383]

Diervilla, [169];

in greenhouse, [272];

florida, [384];

middendorfiana, [384]

Dimorphanthus mandschuricus, [166];

for grouping, [287]

Diosma ericoides, in the south-west, [197]

Diospyros Kaki, in the south-west, [197]

Diplacus glutinosus, in the south-west, [210]

Diplopappus, [3]

Disanthus cercidifolia, for autumn colouring, [75]

Dogwood, [475];

Siberian, [474]

Drimys aromatica, [197], [475];

Winteri, [475]

Dryobalanops aromatica, [197]

Eccremocarpus, [314]

Edwardsia grandiflora, [197], [314]

Elæagnus, [27]-[64], [179], [249], [475]-[476];

macrophyllus, [249];

multiflora, for its fruits, [81];

pungens and varieties, [249], [252]

Elæocarpus cyaneus, [210]

Elder, scarlet-berried, for its fruits, [86]

Elders, [7], [485]

Elm, autumn beauty of, [73]

Elms, [41], [487], [488]

Embothrium coccineum, [198]

Empetrum nigrum, [179], [476]

Enkianthus campanulatus, [384];

himalaicus, [179];

for autumn colouring, [75]

Ephedra americana, [476];

distachya, [476];

gerardiana, [476];

helvetica, [476];

trifurca, [476]

Epigæa repens, [384], [385]

Ercilla spicata, [210];

volubilis, [476]

Erica, [27];

arborea, [238], [249];

australis, [230], [249];

carnea, [64], [250];

c. alba, [64];

cinerea, [234], [250];

ciliaris, [235];

codonodes, [229];

lusitanica, [229], [249];

maweana, [235];

mediterranea, [64], [231], [249];

m. hybrida, [64], [250];

Mackaii, [237];

multiflora, [237];

scoparia, [232];

stricta, [232];

Tetralix, [236], [250];

vagans, [237], [250];

vulgaris, [288];

Watsoni, [236]

Erinacea pungens, [385]

Eriobotrya japonica, [476]

Eriogonum umbellatum, [179]

Eriostemon buxifolius, [198]

Escallonia, [27];

illinita, [198], [385];

macrantha, [169];

philippiana, [169], [249];

punctata, [27];

rubra, [27], [249]

Escallonias, the, [179], [198], [385]

Eucalypti, in the south-west, [198]

Eucryphia pinnatifolia, [179], [199], [249]

Euonymus, [5], [179], [249];

alatus, for autumn colouring, [76];

europæus, for its fruits, [81];

fimbriatus, [199];

japonicus, [252], [256];

radicans var., [250], [252]

Euonymuses, for grouping, [287]

Eupatorium weinmannianum, [199]

Eurya japonica, [476];

latifolia, [199]

Evergreens, climbing, [246];

for winter and summer effect, [297];

for rock garden, [148];

native and other hardy, [240]-[250];

pruning of, [245];

suitable climate for, [241];

the best, [247];

time to transplant, [243]

Exochorda grandiflora, [2], [27], [179], [386]

Fabiana imbricata, [179], [199]

Fagus, [41], [179], [199], [476]

Fatsia, [27], [476]

Ficus Carica, [476]

Fig, [476]

Fir, Scotch, the, [11]

Flower borders, [257]-[259]

Flower garden in winter, [62]

Forsythia, [256], [386];

suspensa, [4], [9], [10], [169], [179], [252], [386];

viridissima, [179], [387]

Forsythias, in greenhouse, [272]

Fothergilla, [27];

alnifolia, for autumn colouring, [76]

Fraxinus, [41], [180], [476];

floribunda, [387];

Mariesii, for its fruits, [81];

Ornus, [387]

Fremontia californica, [200]

Fringe tree, [368], [369];

American, [369]

Fuchsia corallina, [387];

globosa, [387];

gracilis, [387];

Riccartoni, [169], [180], [388];

for grouping, [288]

Fuchsias, hardy, [314], [387]

Furze, [461];

double, [250]

Garden orchard, the, [338]-[341]

Garden, rock, trees and shrubs for, [138]-[150]

Gardens, trees and shrubs for windswept, [106]-[109]

Garland flower, the, [382]

Garrya elliptica, [27], [64], [69], [169], [249], [388]

Gaultheria procumbens, [250];

for autumn colouring, [75];

Shallon, [5], [250]

Gean, the, [414]

Genista, [28], [180], [388];

hispanica, [250], [253], [256];

tinctoria, [28], [170];

virgata, [170]

Genistas, the, [388], [389]

Gingko biloba, for autumn colouring, [74]

Gleditschia triacanthos, [41], [73], [180], [477];

for its fruits, [81]

Golden bell, the, [386];

rain or chain, [397]

Gooseberry, [448]

Gordonia Lasianthus, [390];

pubescens, [390]

Gorse, [461];

common, for grouping, [301];

double, [250]

Grafting, abuse and use of, [38], [41]

Greenhouse, shrubs, hardy in, [263]-[282]

Grevilleas, in the south-west, [200]

Griselinia littoralis, [477];

lucida, [477]

Grouping, right way of, [10]

Guelder rose, the, [464];

wild, [7]

Guevina avellana, in the south-west, [200]

Gymnocladus canadensis, [477];

chinensis, [477]

Hablitzia tamnoides, [314]

Habrothamnus corymbosus, in the south-west, [200]

Hakea laurina, [201]

Halesia tetraptera, [170]

Halesias, [3], [28], [390]-[392]

Halimodendron, [28]

Hamamelis, [28], [64], [170], [180], [253], [392], [393];

for autumn colouring, [74];

arborea, [392];

japonica, [392];

mollis, [393];

virginica, [64], [393]

Hawthorn, [178], [252];

Chinese, [480]

Hazel, common, for autumn colouring, [75]

Hazels, [67], [475];

with beautiful catkins, [67];

Wych, [392]

Heath, Dorset, [250];

Irish, the, [26];

paths, [16]

Heather bell, [250];

common, [13];

Cornish, [250];

Scotch, [250]

Heaths, [179], [226]-[239];

in greenhouse, [272];

the taller or tree-like, [228];

the dwarfer, [233]

Heathy paths, [13]-[15]

Hedera Helix and its vars., [256], [315];

for its fruits, [82]

Hedge, arbor-vitae as a, [327];

box as a, [327];

cypress, Lawson, as a, [328];

holly as a, [325];

laurel as a, [329];

Osmanthus ilicifolius as a, [329];

privet as a, [328];

yew as a, [326]

Hedges, deciduous, [330];

flowering and other, [324]-[333];

of flowering shrubs, [331]

Hedysarum, [28], [170]

Helianthemum, [28], [170]

Heliocarpus cyaneus, [201]

Hibbertia dentata, [210]

Hibiscus syriacus, [4], [27], [253], [256], [393]

Hickory, [41], [474]

Hippophaë rhamnoides, [393];

for grouping, [288];

for its fruits, [82]

Hoheria populnea, [201]

Hollies, for their fruits, [82];

weeping, [89]

Holly, [11], [42], [248], [253], [477], [478];

as a hedge, [325];

for grouping, [299]

Honey locust, [41];

for autumn colouring, [73]

Honeysuckles, [7], [317];

for autumn colouring, [76]

Hop tree, [481]

Hornbeams, [41], [473], [479]

Horse chestnut, [21], [357], [358], [359]

Hydrangea, [28], [180], [394];

Hortensia, [249], [253], [394];

paniculata, [170], [395];

p. grandiflora, [253];

for grouping, [288];

petiolaris, [395];

quercifolia, [395];

radiata, [395];

scandens, [210]

Hydrangeas, in greenhouse, [273]

Hymenanthera crassifolia, [477];

for its fruits, [82]

Hypericum, [28], [180], [395]-[396];

calycinum, [171], [250], [252];

moserianum, [39], [252], [396]

Hypericums, for their fruits, [82];

for grouping, [289]

Idesia polycarpa, [477]

Ilex, [9], [17], [42], [180], [249], [253], [477], [478];

for grouping, [299]

Illicium anisatum, [201]

Indigofera, [28];

gerardiana, [201], [316]

Inga pulcherrima, [210]

Ireland, trees and shrubs in, [215]-[217]

Iris pallida dalmatica, [4]

Iron tree, [479]

Itea, [28], [396];

virginica, in greenhouses, [273]

Ivies, [315];

bush, [241], [250], [253]

Ivy, atropurpurea, for autumn colouring, [76];

beauty of, in winter, [49];

bush or tree in winter, [64];

for its fruits, [82]

Ivy poison, [484]

Jacaranda mimosæfolia, [201]

Jamesia, [28], [396];

americana, in greenhouse, [274]

Jasmines, the, [317]

Jasminum, [29], [180];

nudiflorum, [171], [253];

officinale, [171], [256]

Judas tree, [368]

Juglans, [41], [180], [478]

Juniper, [7], [11]

Junipers, the, [119]

Juniperus Sabina tamariscifolia, [300]

Kadsura chinensis, [478]

Kalmia angustifolia, [250];

glauca, [250];

latifolia, [171], [249]

Kalmias, [18], [29], [397];

in greenhouse, [274]

Kennedya nigricans, [210]

Kerria, [29], [171], [253], [256];

in greenhouse, [274];

japonica, [317];

for grouping, [289];

white-flowered, [447]

Kew, bamboo garden at, [219]

Kœlreuteria paniculata, [397];

japonica, for autumn colouring, [74]

Labrador tea, [400]

Laburnum, [29], [41], [171], [180], [253], [256], [397]-[400];

Nepaul, [319];

in greenhouse, [274]

Lagerstrœmia indica, [201]

Lapagerias, in the south-west, [211]

Lardizabala biternata, [478]

Larix, [122]

Lasiandra macrantha, in the south-west, [211]

Laurel, Alexandrian, [475];

American, [432];

cherry, [2], [249], [418];

ground, [384];

mountain, [397];

Portugal, [249], [419];

sheep, [397]

Laurels as hedges, [329];

for grouping, [297]

Laurus nobilis, [249], [478]

Lavandula, [29], [170]

Lavender, [18], [180]

Leaf, autumn colouring of the, [71];

conditions detrimental to, [72]

Ledum, [18], [29], [180], [400];

buxifolium, [5];

latifolium, [250];

palustre, [5]

Leiophyllum buxifolium, [250], [400]

Leptospermums, in the south-west, [201]

Lespedeza, [29], [400]

Leucothoë, [29], [180];

axillaris, [29];

Catesbæi, [29]

Leycesteria formosa, [5], [29], [171], [180], [400];

for grouping, [289]

Libocedrus, [120]

Libonia floribunda, in the south-west, [201]

Ligustrum, [29], [171], [249], [253], [400]-[402];

japonicum, [249];

ovalifolium aureum, [256]

Lilac, Japanese and others, [382], [455]-[460]

Lilacs, the, [36], [455]-[460]

Limes, [41], [487]

Linden, [41]

Lindera Benzoin, [478];

glauca, [479];

hypoglauca, [479];

obtusiloba, [479];

sericea, [479]

Ling, the, [16], [23]

Liquidambar, [41], [73], [180], [457]

Liriodendron, [29], [171], [181], [402];

for autumn colouring, [73]

Litsea geniculata, [201]

Loblolly bay, [390]

Locust tree, [42], [477], [449]

Lonicera periclymenum, [171]

Loniceras, [29], [64], [181], [317];

in greenhouse, [275];

for grouping, [290]

Loropetalum chinense, [402];

in greenhouse, [275]

Lupinus arboreus, [181]

Lycium, [30];

chinense, for its fruits, [82];

for grouping, [290]

Lyme grass, blue, [11]

Lyonia, [30]

Maclura aurantiaca, [479];

for its fruits, [83]

Magnolia conspicua, [3], [254], [256], [318], [403];

fuscata, [211];

grandiflora, [248], [318];

soulangeana, [3], [254], [404];

stellata, [2], [171], [254], [256], [404];

tripetala, for its fruits, [83]

Magnolias, [30], [42], [55], [181], [403]-[404];

in greenhouse, [275]

Mandevilla suaveolens, in the south-west, [211]

Maple, [41], [470]-[471]

Maples, for autumn colour, [74];

Japanese, in greenhouse, [282]

Mayflower, [384], [385]

Medlars, [7], [428]

Melaleuca hypericifolia, [202]

Melia Azedarach, [202]

Melianthus major, [202]

Mespilus, [3], [9]

Metrosideros robusta, [202]

Mezereon, the, [383]

Michelia fuscata, in the south-west, [211]

Microglossa albescens, [30]

Mitraria coccinea, [202]

Mock orange, [407]

Moorwort, [361]

Morus, [41], [181], [479]

Moths, goat and wood-leopard, injury to trees by, [161], [162]

Mulberry, [41], [479]

Murthly Castle, Perthshire, conifers and pines at, [124], [128]

Myoporum lætum, [203]

Myrica, [30], [479];

cerifera, [5]

Myricaria, [30]

Myrtle, bog, [18];

North American, [5];

sand, [400];

wax, [479]

Nandina domestica, [479]

Neillia, [30], [172]

Nerium Oleander, in the south-west, [203]

Nettle tree, [41], [474]

Neviusia, [30]

Notospartium, [30], [404]

Nut, cob, [475]

Nuttallia, [30], [405]

Nyssa aquatica, [479];

sylvatica, [479];

for autumn colouring, [73]

Oaks, the, [41], [481]-[483];

American red, [72];

holm, [248];

scarlet, [7]

Oleanders, in the south-west, [203]

Olearia, [39], [181], [319], [405];

argophyllus, [191];

Haastii, [249]

Olearias, in greenhouse, [276]

Olive, wild, [475]

Ononis, [30];

rotundifolia, [30]

Orange ball tree, the, [363]

Orange flower, Mexican, [369]

Orange, Osage, the, [83]

Orchard, the, garden, [338]-[341]

Osmanthus, [31], [181], [479];

ilicifolius, [249], [254], [256];

as a hedge, [329];

i. purpureus, [254]

Ostrya carpinifolia, [479];

virginica, [479]

Oxycoccus, [31]

Oxydendron, [31], [406]

Ozothamnus rosmarinifolius, [203], [406]

Pæonies, tree, in greenhouse, [276]

Paliurus, [31], [83], [479]

Parrotia, [31], [64], [479];

for autumn colouring, [74]

Partridge berry, for autumn colouring, [75]

Passifloras, the, [319]

Paths, heathy, [13]-[16];

making, [16]

Paulownia, [31], [203]

Pavia, [357], [358];

macrostachya, [4]

Peach, the, [412]

Pearl bush, the, [2]

Pears, the, [420]

Pear, wild, the, [420];

willow-leaved, the, [421]

Peaty garden, plants for, [5]

Peccan nut, [474]

Pentstemon cordifolius, in the south-west, [203]

Peraphyllum, [31]

Pergolas, weeping trees as, [89]

Periploca, [31]

Periwinkles, [185]

Pernettyas, the, [18], [31], [83], [172], [181], [250], [406];

in greenhouse, [276]

Persimmon, the, in the south-west, [197]

Phellodendron amurense, [479]

Philadelphus, [31], [181], [256], [407]-[408];

coronarius, [31], [407], [254];

grandiflorus, [254];

Lemoinei, [31], [407];

microphyllus, [31], [408]

Philadelphuses, in greenhouse, [277]

Philesia buxifolia, in the south-west, [203]

Phillyræa, [31], [480];

decora, [249];

latifolia, [249]

Phlomis fruticosa, [181]

Phœnocoma prolifera, [211]

Photinia, [31], [203], [480]

Physianthus albens, [211]

Picea, [121]

Pieris, [32], [172], [181], [408];

floribunda, [249];

formosa, [204];

japonica, [249];

mariana, for autumn colouring, [75]

Pimelea decussata, in the south-west, [204]

Pines, [110]-[128];

at Murthly Castle, [127]-[128]

Pine, stone, [52]

Pinus, [123];

Montezumæ, in the south-west, [204]

Piptanthus nepalensis, [319];

in the south-west, [204]

Pittosporums, in the south-west, [204]

Plagianthus betulinus, [204]

Plane, [42], [480];

eastern, [480];

western, [480]

Planting, ornamental, in woodland, [6]-[7]

Platanus, [42], [181], [480]

Pleroma macrantha, in the south-west, [211]

Plumbago capensis, in the south-west, [212]

Plums, the, [412];

in greenhouse, [278]

Podocarpus andina, [205]

Poinciana Gilliesi, [205]

Polygala grandifolia, [205]

Polygonum baldschuanicum, [319]

Pomegranate, the, in the south-west, [205]

Poplars, [42], [480];

white, [42], [480];

with beautiful catkins, [66]

Poppy, Californian, [449]

Populus, [42], [181], [480];

tremuloides pendula, [64]

Potentilla, [32], [172], [181]

Privet, [256];

abuse of, [1]-[2];

as a hedge, [328];

Japanese, [249];

golden-leaved, [256]

Privets, the, [400]-[402];

for their fruit, [82]

Propagation of hardy trees, [38]-[46];

by budding, [40];

by cuttings, [40];

by layers, [40];

by seeds, [39];

by suckers, [39]

Pruning flowering trees, [19]-[37];

standard trees, [37];

tools for, [37];

ways of, [37];

with secateurs, [37]

Prunus, [32], [41], [182], [254], [409]-[419];

Amygdalus, [256];

A. persicoides, [64];

Avium, [256];

davidiana, [64];

japonica, [32], [415];

Laurocerasus, [249], [256];

lusitanica, [249];

Mahaleb pendula, [172];

nana, [32], [410];

Persica, [256];

pseudo-cerasus, [256];

triloba, [32], [319], [412]

Pseudolarix, [122]

Pseudopanax crassifolium, [205]

Pseudotsuga, [122]

Ptelea, [32], [182];

trifoliata, [83];

var. aurea, [32], [481]

Pterocarya, [481]

Pueraria thunbergiana, [212]

Punica granatum, in the south-west, [205]

Pyrus, [32], [41], [83], [84], [172], [182], [254], [319], [419]-[428];

in greenhouse, [278];

arbutifolia, for autumn colouring, [76];

Aucuparia, [256];

baccata, [32], [421];

floribunda, [9], [32], [256], [422];

Maulei, for its fruits, [84];

japonica, [33], [64], [256], [427];

for grouping, [290];

spectabilis, [32], [424];

torminalis, for colour, [74]

Quercus, [41], [182], [481]-[483];

acuta, [249];

coccifera, [249];

coccinea splendens or grayana, [73];

heterophylla, [73];

Ilex, [248];

imbricaria, [73];

marylandica, [73];

palustris, for autumn colouring, [73];

phillyræoides, [249]

Quinces, [7], [426]

Raphiolepis japonica, for its fruits, [85];

in greenhouse, [279]

Raspberry, [450]

Redesdale, Lord, and hardy bamboos, [218]

Reed, giant, the, [472]

Rhamnus, [33], [86], [249], [483];

Frangula, in autumn, [75]

Rhaphithamnus cyanocarpus, [206];

for its fruits, [85]

Rhodochiton volubile, [212]

Rhododendron azaleoides, [249];

catawbiense, [249];

Fortunei, [249];

ferrugineum, [250];

myrtifolium, [249];

ponticum, [7], [249], [416], [433];

racemosus, [250]

Rhododendrons, [7], [18], [33], [64], [172], [182], [249], [428]-[447];

in Scotland, [254];

in greenhouse, [279];

for grouping, [299]

Rhodotypos kerrioides, [23], [173], [254], [447];

in greenhouse, [279]

Rhus, [33], [483]-[484];

Cotinus, [173], [254];

for grouping, [291];

glabra, [254];

for autumn colouring, [74];

phœnicolasius, for its fruits, [86];

typhina, [254]-[256]

Rhyncospermum jasminoides, in the south-west, [212]

Ribes, [33], [173], [183], [254], [256], [447]-[448];

in greenhouse, [279]

Robinia, [34], [42], [173], [183], [254], [448]-[449];

hispida, [4], [448];

Pseudacacia and varieties, [256]

Rock garden, trees and shrubs for, [138], [150]

Romneya Coulteri, [449]

Rosa, [34], [183], [319];

alba, [346];

Alberti, [346];

alpina, [347];

arvensis, [347];

Bengale Hermosa, for grouping, [292];

carolina, [347];

ferruginea, [348];

lævigata, [348];

lutea, [348];

microphylla, [348];

moschata, [349];

multiflora, [349];

ochroleuca, [350];

pomifera, [350];

rubiginosa, for grouping, [296];

rugosa, [350];

for grouping, [291];

sericea, [351];

setigera, [351];

spinosissima, [351];

webbiana, [352];

wichuraiana, [352]

Rose apple, [350];

Austrian briar, [348];

Japanese, [350];

musk, [349]

Rosemary, [18], [183], [250]

Rose of Sharon, [395];

Alpine, [250]

Roses, for their fruits, [85];

the worthy use of, [342]-[352];

wild, the, [7], [344]

Rowan tree, [425]

Rubus, [34], [183], [292], [293], [450]-[451];

australis, [206];

deliciosus, [173], [254]

Ruscus, [183], [484];

aculeatus, [174];

for grouping, [300];

androgynus, [212]

Ruta graveolens, [484]

Salix, [42], [183], [293], [484]-[485];

daphnoides, [60]

Salmon berry, [451]

Sambucus, [35], [184], [294], [485]-[486];

for its fruits, [86]

Santolina, [35], [486]

Sarcococca hookeriana, [486]

Sassafras officinale, [486]

Savins, [10]

Sciadopitys, [120]

Schizandra chinensis, [486]

Sea coast, hedges of tamarisk by, [101];

planting in bleak places along, [101];

planting in mild places along, [105]

Seeds, propagating trees and shrubs by, [39]

Senecios, the, in the south-west, [206]

Sequoia, [121]

Service tree, [7], [425]

Shrubbery, mixed, evils of, [1]

Shrub borders, [257]-[259];

groups for winter and summer effect, [283]-[302]

Shrubs, a winter garden of, [45]-[62];

for moist soils, [136], [137];

for moist, peaty soils at foot of rocks, [150];

for sea coast, [101]-[105];

for swampy places, [135]-[136];

for small gardens, [251]-[256];

for sheltered situations and mild climates, [149];

for town gardens, [255];

for the rock garden, [138]-[150];

for waterside, [134]-[137];

for wind-swept gardens, [106]-[109];

grouping of, [8]-[12];

hardy, climbing, the use of, [303]-[323];

hardy, in greenhouse, [263]-[282];

hardy flowering, for rock garden, [148];

in Ireland, [215]-[217];

in poor soil, [17], [18];

in Scotland, [166]-[186];

propagation of, [38]-[46];

pruning, [19]-[37];

removal of, [151]-[158];

tender, in the south-west, [187]-[207];

under trees, [260]-[262];

variegated, in winter garden, [93];

variety in, want of, [1]-[5];

with beautiful catkins, [65]-[70];

with fine fruits, [77]-[87]

Silver bell, [390]

Skimmia, [35], [184], [254];

japonica, [250]

Sloe, the, [413]

Smilax, [35], [320], [486]

Smoke bush, [483]

Snowball tree, [465]

Snowberry, for its fruits, [86]

Snowdrop tree, the, [3], [390]

Solanum crispum, in the south-west, [206];

jasminoides, [320];

Wendlandi, [213], [320]

Sollya heterophylla, in the south-west, [213]

Sophora, [35], [41], [452];

tetraptera, [197]

Sorbus americana, [7]

Southernwood, [472]

Sparmannia africana, in the south-west, [206]

Spartium, [35], [452];

junceum, [174], [255], [256];

for grouping, [295]

Spice bush, [478]

Spindle tree, [5], [7]

Spiræa, [35], [174], [452]-[454];

arguta, [256];

betulifolia, [35], [452];

Douglasi, [35], [453];

Foxii, [35];

japonica, [35], [256], [453];

Margaritæ, [35];

prunifolia, [2], [454];

p. fl. pl., autumn colouring of, [75];

salicifolia, [35], [454];

semperflorens, [35];

Thunbergi, [2], [454];

autumn colouring of, [75];

tomentosa, [35]

Spiræas, [184], [255];

for grouping, [295];

in greenhouse, [280]

Spruce, common, the, [121]

Spurge laurel, [382]

Stachyurus, [36], [486]

Staphylea colchica, [36], [184], [454];

Coulombieri, [36];

pinnata, [36], [454];

trifolia, [454]

Staphyleas, in greenhouse, [280]

Stauntonia hexaphylla, [486];

latifolia, [213], [320]

Stephanandra flexuosa, [486];

Tanakæ, [486]

St. Daboëc's heath, [382]

St. John's Wort, [395]

Storax, Japanese, [455]

Stranvæsia glaucescens, [486]

Strawberry tree, [475]

Streets, shade trees for, [163]

Streptosolen Jamesoni, in the south-west, [213]

Stuartia, [36], [320], [454]-[455]

Styrax, [36], [455]

Suæda, [36]

Suckers, propagating trees and shrubs by, [39]

Sumach, [483]

Sumachs, for autumn colouring, [74]

Swainsonia albiflora, in the south-west, [213]

Sweet bay, the, [4]

Sweet gum, [479];

gale, [479]

Symphoricarpus, [36];

racemosus, [184], [255], [296];

for its fruits, [86];

vulgaris, [256]

Symplocos, [486]

Syringas, the, [36], [174], [184], [255], [256], [407], [455]-[459];

in greenhouse, [280]

Tacsonia exoniensis, in the south-west, [213];

mollissima, [214]

Tamarisk, the, [4], [11], [184], [459]-[460];

by sea coast, [101]

Tasmanian pepper plant, [475]

Taxodium, [120]

Taxus, [123], [487];

baccata aurea, for grouping, [300]

Teucrium fruticans, [464]

Thorn, Glastonbury, [64];

scarlet, the, [377]

Thorns, [376]-[382];

for the beauty of their fruits, [78]

Thuyas, [120]

Tilia, [41], [184], [487]

Toothache tree, [488]

Trachycarpus excelsus, [487]

Trailing arbutus, [384]

Tree mallow, [393]

Tree, Parslane, [472]

Trees, a winter garden of, [46], [64];

for moist soil, [136], [137];

for sea coast, [101]-[105];

for swampy places, [135]-[136];

for the rock garden, [138]-[150];

for waterside, [134]-[137];

for wind-swept gardens, [106]-[109];

grouping of, [8]-[12];

in Ireland, [215]-[217];

in poor soil, [17]-[18];

in Scotland, [166]-[186];

large, removal of, [151]-[158];

old, care of, [129]-[133];

planting and staking, [353]-[356];

propagation, [46]-[83];

pruning, [19]-[37];

shade for streets, [163]-[165];

shrubs under, [260]-[262];

tender in the south-west, [187]-[207];

variegated, [93]-[100];

weeping, and their uses, [88]-[92];

with beautiful bark, [61];

with beautiful catkins, [63]-[70];

with fine fruits, [77]-[87];

woodpeckers and old, [133];

young and sunstroke, [159]-[162]

Tricuspidaria hexaphylla, [321]

Tsuga, [121]

Tulip tree, [402];

for its autumn colours, [73]

Tupelo tree, [479]

Ulex europæus, [461];

for grouping, [301];

fl. pl., [184], [250], [255], [461];

nanus, [461]

Ulmus, [41], [487], [488];

pumila, [73]

Umbrella tree, [404]

Vaccinium pennsylvanicum, [5];

Vitis-idæa, [250]

Vacciniums, [18], [36], [184];

for autumn colouring, [75]

Variegated trees and shrubs, [93]-[100];

climbers, [99];

conifers, [97]

Veitch's, Messrs., novelties, [322]

Verbena, sweet, upon walls, [309]

Veronica, [175], [185];

Andersonii, [462];

hulkeana, [207], [462];

Traversii, [250], [462]

Viburnum, [36], [86], [462]-[466];

alnifolium, [75];

Lantana, [7], [463];

macrocephalum, [321];

Opulus, [71], [185], [464];

for autumn colouring, [75];

O. sterilis, [174], [255];

plicatum, [4], [255], [321], [465];

Tinus, [64], [250];

for grouping, [301]

Viburnums, in greenhouse, [281]

Vincas, [185], [250], [255]

Vines, [321];

for autumn colouring, [76]

Virginian yellow wood, [370]

Vitis, [36], [321];

Coignetiæ, [174], [185];

for autumn colouring, [76];

heterophylla, [87];

humulifolia, [87]

Wall-plants, in the south-west, [208]-[214]

Walnut, [41], [478];

Japanese, [69]

Wax tree, [401]

Wayfaring tree, [463]

Weeping trees, as arbours and pergolas, [89]

Weigelas, [255], [256]

Westringia triphylla, [207]

Whin, [461]

Whitethorn, [7]

Wig tree, [483]

Wild cherry, [7], [17], [414]

Willows, [42], [67];

for grouping, [293], [484], [485];

golden and red-barked, in winter, [59];

with beautiful catkins, [67];

weeping, near water, [88]

Wind-swept gardens, trees and shrubs for, [106], [109]

Wine berry, Japanese, [451]

Winter's bark, [475]

Winter garden, a, [45]-[62];

walk, [45]

Wistaria, [37], [322], [323];

in greenhouse, [281]

Woodland, ornamental planting in, [6]-[7]

Woodpeckers and old trees, [133]

Xanthoceras, [37], [466]-[467]

Xanthoxylum americanum, [488];

planispinum, [488]

Yellow wood, Virginian, [370]

Yew, [9], [11], [123], [248];

as a hedge, [326], [327]

Yuccas, [185], [250], [467]

Yulan, the, [403]

Zelkova, [41];

acuminata, [488];

crenata, [488];

Verschaffelti, [488]

Zenobia, [37]

Printed by Ballantyne, Hanson & Co.

Edinburgh & London

TRANSCRIBERS' NOTES

Page vi: Handlist standardised to Hand-list

Page xiii: Maidens' Blush standardised to Maiden's Blush

Page 11: hillside standardised to hill-side

Pages 24, 491: Carmichaelia standardised to Carmichælia

Pages 33, 112: subtropical standardised to sub-tropical

Page 36: suits corrected to suit in Vines for fruit suit the

Page 49: undergrowth standardised to under-growth

Pages 62, 198: out-door standardised to outdoor

Page 66: There are others Poplars corrected to There are other Poplars

Page 78: pollenise as in original

Page 91: Coryllus standardised to Corylus

Pages 116, 325: Variable spelling of Thuya Lobbi(i) as in original

Page 137: heps standardised to hips

Page 148: amæna standardised to amoena

Pages 160, 491: Variable spelling of Citharexylom/Citharexylon as in original

Page 191: Acanthoparax standardised to Acanthopanax

Page 218: widespread standardised to wide-spread

Page 230: or changed to of in "the beginning of August"

Page 248: (Arbutus) Menziesi standardised to Menziesii

Page 250: hill-sides standardised to hillsides

Page 254: Osmanthus ilicifolius atropurpeus as in original

Page 272: midwinter standardised to mid-winter

Page 284: Hawthorn-like standardised to hawthorn-like

Page 293: water-side standardised to waterside

Page 297: sub-soil standardised to subsoil

Page 314: happpy changed to happy in "but quite happy in northern gardens"

Page 317: Kerra japonica changed to Kerria japonica

Page 323: Wisteria standardised to Wistaria

Page 339: moving as in original in "There is no need to be always moving the garden orchard."

Page 344: botantists changed to botanists in "now accepted by botanists"

Page 359: Buckeye standardised to Buck-eye in This is the Red Buck-eye

Page 361: Nookta Sound corrected to Nootka Sound

Page 376: Moonlight Brown as in the original

Page 382: Dabeoc's standardised to Daboëc's

Page 386: fuschia changed to fuchsia in "fuchsia-like flowers are freely borne"; PHILLIPPIANA standardised to PHILIPPIANA

Page 432: cinnabarina as in original (should perhaps be cinnabarinum); purpureun changed to purpureum and roseun changed to roseum in "There are three varieties, album, purpureum, and roseum."

Page 436: infloresence corrected to inflorescence

Page 453: Spiræa Canescens: freely-branded as in original

Page 457: Another form with more or less golden is as in original

Page 459: cœrulea standardised to cærulea; it has become neutralised there as in original

Page 463: way-faring standardised to wayfaring

Page 477: aureo marginata standardised to aureo-marginata

Page 478: hodginsi standardised to hodginsii

Page 487: Chamoerops standardised to Chamærops

Page 491: Cassinea merged with Cassinia

Page 492: Elæagnus multiflorus standardised to multiflora

Page 496: Ononis rotundifolius standardised to rotundifolia; Phillyrea standarised to Phillyræa

Page 497: pseudocerasus standardised to pseudo-cerasus

Page 499: wort standardised to Wort; Exoniensis standardised to exoniensis; Colombieri standardised to Coulombieri

Page 500: yellow-wood standardised to yellow wood (twice)

Various: Variable hyphenation of rockwork/rock-work and windswept/wind-swept as in original

Various: Variable spelling of Rhododendron altaclarense/altaclerense, Citharexylom/Citharexylon, Cornus Spathii/Spaethii, Gingko/Ginkgo biloba, Rhyncospermum/Rhynchospermum jasminoides, Zelkova/Zelkowa, Salix Caprea/Capræa, Spiræa Douglasii/Douglasi, Cytisus Shipkænsis/Schipkænsis, Lonicera Standishi/Standishii, Rhyncospermum/Rhynchospermum, Rhapithamnus/Rhaphithamnus as in original