SUBJECTS OF THE CHAPTERS.
| PART I.—HEAT. | ||
| PAGE | ||
| I. | The Sun a source of heat | [2] |
| II. | Electricity a source of heat | [3] |
| Thunder and lightning | [3-29] | |
| III. | Chemical action a source of heat | [30] |
| III.—Combustion | [36] | |
| IV.—Smoke and smoky chimneys | [59] | |
| V.—Lamps and candles | [74] | |
| VI.—Animal heat | [83] | |
| VII. | Mechanical action a source of heat | [95] |
| VII.—Percussion | [95] | |
| VIII.—Friction | [98] | |
| VIII.—Compression | [102] | |
| IX. | Effects of heat | [103] |
| X.—Expansion | [103] | |
| XI.—Liquefaction | [126] | |
| XI.—Vaporization (clouds) | [127] | |
| XII.—Evaporation | [156] | |
| XIII. | Communication of heat | [164] |
| XIII.—Conduction | [164] | |
| XIV.—Absorption | [184] | |
| XV.—Reflection | [192] | |
| XVI.—Radiation (dew) | [195] | |
| XVII.—Convection (boiling) | [231] | |
| PART II.—AIR. | ||
| XVIII. | Air | [240] |
| Rust | [257] | |
| Tarnish | [259] | |
| XIX. | Carbonic acid gas | [264] |
| Froth. Effervescence. Fermentation, &c. | [269] | |
| XX. | Carburetted hydrogen gas | [279] |
| Fire damp | [280] | |
| Safety lamp | [281] | |
| XXI. | Phosphuretted hydrogen gas | [283] |
| Ignis fatuus | [285] | |
| Ghosts | [286] | |
| XXII. | Wind | [287] |
| XXIII. | Barometer | [317] |
| Ten special Rules | [319] | |
| XXIV. | Snow. Hail. Rain | [331] |
| XXV. | Water | [342] |
| XXVI. | Ice | [349] |
| Frost | [357] | |
| Freezing mixtures | [360] | |
| XXVII. | Light | [363] |
| Reflection. Telescopes. Refraction | [386] | |
| Spectacles | [389] | |
| Rainbows | [394] | |
| Colour | [399] | |
| XXVIII. | Sound | [409] |
| Ear trumpets | [415] | |
| Echoes | [416] | |
| XXIX. | Miscellaneous | [419] |
| Attraction. Anti-putrescents. Sleep. Dreams. | [424] | |
| Glossary | [426] | |
| Index | [427] | |
PART I.
HEAT.
INTRODUCTION.
Q. What is heat?
A. The sensation of warmth.
Q. How is this sensation produced?
A. When we touch a substance of higher temperature than ourselves, the warmer substance keeps parting with its heat, till both are of equal temperature.
Q. What is that “stream of heat” called, which flows thus, from one body, to another?
A. Calo’ric. Caloric, therefore, is the matter of heat, which passes from body to body; but Heat is the sensation, of warmth, produced by the influx of Calo’ric.
Q. What are the four principal sources of heat?
A. 1.—The Sun. 2.—Electricity. 3.—Chemical Action: and 4.—Mechanical Action.
Q. What are the principal effects of heat?
A. Expansion, Liquefaction, Vaporization, and Ignition.