R

Rabble. Mob, crowd, people, populace; herd, the masses, multitudes, commonalty; scum, dregs.

Ant. Aristocracy, nobility, élite, galaxy.

Racy. Lively, piquant, pungent, spicy, spirited, forcible, flavorous, rich.

Ant. Flat, cold, flavorless, insipid, stale, stupid, tasteless, dull, prosy, vapid.

Radiant. Lustrous, brilliant, splendid, gorgeous, glittering, glaring, radiating, beaming, resplendent, shining, sparkling, luminous, effulgent, glorious.

Ant. Dull, dark, somber, murky, lusterless, non-luminous, sunless, shadowy, lurid, cloudy, gloomy, obscure, overcast, ebon, black.

Radical. Fundamental, innate, essential, native, natural, original, organic, primitive; entire, complete, extreme, thorough, positive, perfect, thorough-going, total; ingrained, constitutional.

Ant. Superficial, tentative, trial; inadequate, incomplete, moderate, partial, palliative, slight; conservative.

Raise. Lift, elevate, heave; exalt, advance, enhance; increase, excite, aggravate, intensify, heighten, set upright; awaken, arouse, originate, produce, effect, cause; build, erect; levy, collect; propagate, breed, rear; bring up, incite, start; utter, summon; cultivate.

Ant. Depress, lower, drop, sink, let down; degrade, disgrace; debase, humble, reduce; lessen, diminish, decrease.

Ramble. Rove, roam, wander, range, stroll, saunter, straggle, stray.

Ant. Speed, hasten, drive, run, proceed, rush, hurry.

Random, a. Chance, haphazard, fortuitous, casual, wandering, stray, wild, aimless, purposeless, unpremeditated, accidental, vague.

Ant. Aimed, intended, controlled, purposed, deliberate, designed, intentional, regular, systematic, planned.

Ransom, v. Redeem, liberate, rescue, deliver, release, emancipate, indemnify.

Ant. Hold for ransom, kidnap, imprison, hold as hostage, indict, fine, mulct, prosecute.

Rapid. Swift, quick, fast, fleet, hasty, brisk, expeditious, hurried.

Ant. Slow, deliberate, cumbrous, lazy, retarded, moderate, gradual, dilatory, lingering, tardy.

Rapidity. Rapidness, haste, celerity, speed, velocity, agility, swiftness, fleetness, quickness, despatch.

Ant. Slowness, dilatoriness, tardiness, delay, deliberateness, moderation.

Rare. Curious, extraordinary, incomparable, odd, peculiar, remarkable, precious, scarce, singular, strange, uncommon, unusual, unprecedented, unique, unparalleled, infrequent.

Ant. General, usual, normal.

Rash. Precipitate, headlong, indiscreet, foolhardy, hasty, heedless, thoughtless, incautious, careless, inconsiderate, unwary.

Ant. Cautious, wary, discreet, thoughtful, prudent, calculating; timid, hesitating, reluctant.

Rational. Sane, sound, intelligent, reasonable, sensible, wise, discreet, judicious; reasoning, intellectual; sagacious, equitable, enlightened.

Ant. Irrational, insane, unsound, foolish, absurd, injudicious, unreasonable, preposterous, unintelligent, extravagant.

Raw. Unprepared, uncooked, immature, unripe, unseasoned, inexperienced, unpracticed, untried, unwrought, unfinished; bare, galled; chilly, bleak.

Ant. Cooked, dressed, prepared, developed, mature, ripe, mellow, seasoned, practiced, experienced, tried, tested, expert, habituated, familiar, trained; healed; genial, balmy.

Reach. Attain, arrive, get to, enter, land, come to, gain.

Ant. Depart, leave, set out, weigh anchor, embark, start, go, go away, set sail.

Ready. Prompt, expeditious, speedy, unhesitating, dexterous, apt, skilled, handy, expert, facile, easy, opportune, fitted, prepared, disposed, free, willing, cheerful.

Ant. Tardy, slow, inexpeditious, hesitating, clumsy, inept, unskilled, inexpert, hard, difficult, inopportune, unfit, ill-prepared, unwilling, reluctant, unresponsive, unaccommodating.

Real. Actual, veritable, genuine, demonstrable, substantial, authentic, certain; developed, essential, positive; true, unquestionable.

Ant. Illusory, imaginary, unreal, untrue, supposititious, fictitious, hypothetical, fabulous, fanciful, conceived, supposed, feigned, reported, visionary, theoretical.

Reality. Verity, actuality, substance, truth, genuineness, authenticity, fact, substantiality, existence.

Ant. Fiction, falsehood, untruth, myth, imagination, fabrication, fancy, supposition, unreality, chimera, vision, hypothesis, hollowness.

Realm. Domain, kingdom, region, province, country, department, empire, state; jurisdiction, sovereignty, dominion.

Ant. Anarchy, insurrection; independence; democracy.

Rear. Lift, elevate, erect, raise, build, establish, exalt, foster, construct, breed, educate, instruct, train, discipline, cherish.

Ant. Tear down, degrade, undermine, depress, overthrow; destroy, kill, demolish, subvert, stifle, extinguish.

Reason, n. Cause, ground, aim, motive, account, argument, design, consideration, end, object, purpose, principle.

Ant. Pretext, pretense, falsification; unreason, unreasonableness, irrationality, absurdity, fallacy.

Reason, v. Debate, demonstrate, argue, contend, discuss, prove, establish, question, controvert, wrangle, dispute.

Ant. Quibble, pervert, equivocate, evade, mystify; cavil, refine; misrepresent; dictate, assert.

Reasoning. Argument, argumentation, debate, ratiocination.

Ant. Sophistry, instinct, intuition, presentiment.

Rebellious. Intractable, refractory, seditious, unmanageable, contumacious, disobedient, insubordinate, mutinous, ungovernable, uncontrollable.

Ant. Deferential, compliant, docile, manageable, obedient, submissive, subservient, yielding, tractable, gentle, controllable, dutiful.

Recant. Retract, revoke, recall, abjure, disown, disavow, renounce.

Ant. Profess, confess, assert, declare, enunciate, maintain, hold; vindicate.

Reception. Admission, receipt; entertainment; acceptance, credence; welcome.

Ant. Rejection, dismissal, repudiation, denial, protest, renunciation, disavowal.

Recite. Describe, recapitulate, detail, number; repeat, deliver, rehearse; relate, narrate, recount; quote; count, enumerate, tell.

Ant. Misquote, garble, falsify, misrepresent, pervert; forget, fail.

Reckless. Mindless, negligent, thoughtless, regardless, unconcerned, inattentive, remiss, improvident, rash, inconsiderate.

Ant. Circumspect, careful, wary, thoughtful, mindful, attentive, considerate, provident, prudent, calculating.

Recognize. Acknowledge, confess, own, allow, concede, identify, avow.

Ant. Overlook, repudiate, disown, ignore, disavow, disclaim.

Reconcile. Placate, propitiate, pacify, appease; conciliate, reunite, content, harmonize; adjust, settle, compose.

Ant. Separate, sever, alienate, estrange, disaffect.

Reconciliation. Reconcilement, reunion, pacification, appeasement, propitiation, atonement, expiation; adjustment, restoration, harmony.

Ant. Separation, estrangement, alienation, disaffection.

Record. Account, entry, enrolment, catalogue, enumeration, inventory, register, roll; archive, chronicle, document, history, inscription, instrument, memorandum, memorial, muniment, schedule, scroll.

Recover. Cure, heal, retrieve, restore; be cured or healed, recruit, recuperate, resume; reanimate, repossess.

Ant. Relapse, sink, die, fail, grow worse.

Recovery. Repossession, resumption; recruiting, healing, restoration; regaining, recuperation, convalescence, retrieval, redemption, resuscitation, revival; vindication, reinstatement, reëstablishment.

Ant. Loss, forfeiture, privation, damage, ruin, destruction, waste; illness, relapse, declension, incurableness, hopelessness.

Recreation. Sport, amusement, diversion, refreshment, reanimation; holiday, pastime, relaxation.

Ant. Toil, labor, work, industry, employment, fatigue, weariness, lassitude, exhaustion.

Rectitude. Justice, honesty, uprightness, fairness, integrity, straightforwardness, conscientiousness, equity.

Ant. Iniquity, wrong, injustice, immorality, corruption, dishonesty, duplicity, underhandedness.

Redemption. Ransom, release, rescue, retrieval, recovery, deliverance, liberation, salvation; discharge, fulfilment; atonement, compensation.

Ant. Abandonment, forfeiture, sacrifice, betrayal, deprivation, desertion.

Reduce. Lessen, decrease, curtail, abate, shorten, impair, lower, subjugate, subject; diminish, attenuate, abridge, contract; subdue.

Ant. Magnify, augment, expand, amplify, exalt, raise, invigorate, promote, restore, repair, renovate, transform.

Redundant. Exuberant, superabundant, overflowing, pleonastic; superfluous, excessive, copious, plentiful; unnecessary.

Ant. Requisite, necessary, sufficient, enough; scanty, deficient, scarce, wanting, lacking, incomplete, inadequate, insufficient.

Refinement. Culture, elegance, cultivation, civilization, politeness.

Ant. Coarseness, grossness, rudeness, rusticity, barbarism, boorishness, brutality, clownishness, savagery, vulgarity.

Reflect. Consider, think, cogitate, meditate, contemplate, ruminate, ponder, muse; animadvert.

Ant. Idle, dream, imagine, fancy, wander, rove; disregard, neglect.

Reform, v. Amend, correct, rectify, emend, repair, better, improve, restore, reclaim, mend; remodel.

Ant. Corrupt, impair, vitiate, deteriorate, deform; spoil, deprave, pollute, defile, injure, contaminate.

Refuge. Shelter, asylum, retreat, covert; protection, sanctuary, stronghold, defense; hiding-place, harbor.

Ant. Exposure, peril, snare, menace, pitfall, danger, threat.

Regard, v. Consider, observe, remark, heed, mind, respect, esteem, estimate, value; attend, notice; contemplate; revere, reverence.

Ant. Overlook, disregard, miss, neglect, omit; misprize; dislike, hate, loathe; contemn.

Regret, n. Grief, concern, sorrow, lamentation, repentance, penitence, self-condemnation; compunction, remorse, contrition.

Ant. Joy, exultation, happiness, delight, self-gratulation, approbation; praise, commendation; felicitation.

Regular. Orderly, methodical; conformable, agreeing; governed, subject; normal; constituted, selected; customary, systematic, stated, established, periodical, recognized, formal, recurrent, certain.

Ant. Unusual, exceptional, rare, irregular, abnormal, eccentric, capricious, variable, uncertain, erratic.

Regulation. Rule, method, principle, precept; adjustment, disposal; arrangement, ordering, disposition, government, control.

Ant. Disorder, anarchy, license, misgovernment, misrule, non-regulation, caprice, maladjustment, derangement.

Rehearse. Recapitulate, detail, recount, describe, tell; narrate, repeat, recite, relate; practice.

Ant. Misrepresent; act, perform, play.

Rejoice. Delight, joy, exult, triumph, please, cheer, exhilarate, gladden, transport, charm, enliven, gratify, make happy.

Ant. Mourn, grieve, weep, lament, pain, distress, defeat, sadden, deaden, vex, annoy, oppress, afflict, trouble, depress, burden, deject.

Relation. Recital, rehearsal, account, narration, tale, narrative, detail, description; kindred, affinity, consanguinity, kinsman, kinswoman; connection, association, pertinency, relevancy, agreement.

Ant. Action, happening, occurrence; alien, stranger, foreigner; absoluteness, disagreement, dissociation, disconnection, irrelevancy.

Release, v. Discharge, extricate, disengage, quit, acquit; free, loose, liberate; exempt, indemnify; deliver, remit.

Ant. Hold, bind, constrain, confine, fetter, shackle, fine, imprison, sentence, condemn.

Relief. Alleviation, mitigation, aid, help, succor, assistance, redress, remedy, indemnification; exemption, deliverance, refreshment, support, comfort.

Ant. Oppression, persecution, aggravation, severity, cruelty; weariness, discomfort, exhaustion.

Religion. Devotion, faith, piety, righteousness, holiness, morality, godliness, pietism, worship, theology.

Ant. Irreligion, atheism, unbelief, blasphemy, impiety, godlessness, profanity, sacrilege, ungodliness, wickedness.

Relinquish. Resign, leave, quit, forsake, abandon, renounce, desert, forbear, forego; surrender, discontinue.

Ant. Retain, hold, keep, detain, preserve, support, cling to, sustain, maintain; continue, be constant to, persevere, persist.

Reluctant. Loath, slow, disinclined, indisposed, averse, backward, opposed, unwilling.

Ant. Eager, favorable, willing, inclined, desirous, disposed.

Remain. Wait, tarry, rest, sojourn, last, dwell; stay, abide, continue, endure; survive, outlive.

Ant. Leave, abandon, depart, remove, go, disappear, flit; die, pass.

Remark. Comment, note, observation, utterance, annotation.

Remarkable. Observable, rare, noticeable, extraordinary, unusual, strange, wonderful, notable, eminent; distinguished, famous, prominent, conspicuous; singular, peculiar, individual.

Ant. Ordinary, usual, commonplace, mediocre, everyday, common, general.

Remembrance. Memory, recollection, reminiscence; memento, souvenir, memorandum, memorial, token.

Ant. Oblivion, forgetfulness.

Reminiscence. Memory, recollection, remembrance; remnant, relic, trace.

Ant. Oblivion, forgetfulness; announcement, warning, suggestion, prognostic.

Remote. Removed, far, distant; irrelevant, not related; foreign, indirect, unconnected, alien, unallied; separate, abstract.

Ant. Near, close, direct, related, connected, contiguous, immediate; present, pressing, urgent; proximate; essential, important.

Rend. Burst, break, rip, sever, mangle, rupture, sunder, tear, lacerate, rive, slit.

Ant. Mend, reunite, secure, unite, weld, heal, join, solder, sew, stitch.

Render. Return, pay back, restore; requite; give up, yield, surrender; furnish, contribute, deliver; translate, interpret, set forth, exhibit, try out; apportion, give, present, assign.

Ant. Keep, withhold, appropriate, retain, refuse, use, apply, employ; alienate, misapportion.

Renounce. Abandon, abjure, deny, disavow, disown, forswear, disclaim, retract, repudiate, revoke, recall, refuse, reject, discard, recant.

Ant. Advocate, avow, claim, assert, defend, hold, proclaim, own, acknowledge, cherish, retain, uphold, vindicate, maintain.

Renown. Fame, distinction, notice, repute, name, reputation, celebrity, honor, glory, eminence.

Ant. Disgrace, shame, dishonor, disrepute, discredit, degradation, taint, stain, brand.

Renunciation. Denial, disownment, renouncement, disclaimer, rejection, abjuration, recantation, abandonment.

Ant. Maintenance, support, vindication, assertion, defense, apology, justification.

Repeat. Reiterate, renew, relate, recapitulate, recite, reproduce, rehearse, renovate.

Ant. Discontinue, drop, end, finish, stop, cease, break off, interrupt.

Repentance. Penitence, regret, remorse, sorrow, compunction, contrition, self-condemnation, contriteness.

Ant. Impenitence, obstinacy, obduracy; comfort, complacency, approval, hardness, content, self-approval, self-complacency, self-congratulation; stubbornness.

Repletion. Fulness, superabundance, plethora, abundance, amplitude, sufficiency, enough.

Ant. Scarcity, want, lack, insufficiency, need.

Reply. Answer, respond, rejoin, replicate.

Ant. Question, query, ask, inquire; disregard, pass, drop, ignore.

Report. Account, description, narration, narrative, recital, rehearsal, relation, record, tale, rumor, statement, story.

Ant. Allegory, fabrication, fiction.

Repose, n. Rest, recumbency, reclination, ease, quiet, quietness, tranquillity, peace; calmness, quiescence.

Ant. Unrest, agitation, tumult, movement, restlessness, turmoil, commotion, distraction.

Represent. Present anew, portray, typify, delineate; personate, act; perform; depict, describe, show, exhibit.

Ant. Misrepresent; falsify, caricature, distort.

Reproach, n. Disrepute, opprobrium, discredit, dishonor, invective, contumely, reviling, vilification, abuse, scurrility, insolence, insult, scorn, contempt, ignominy, shame, scandal, disgrace, infamy.

Ant. Approbation, satisfaction, praise, encouragement, exaltation, commendation, honor, applause, eulogy, assent, acceptance, approval.

Reproach, v. Chide, rebuke, revile, condemn, vilify; blame, censure, taunt, upbraid, reprove.

Ant. Praise, approve, commend, laud, applaud, eulogize.

Reproof. Comment, criticism, disapproval, chiding, reproach, upbraiding, reproval, admonition, animadversion; censure, blame, condemnation, denunciation, objurgation, reprehension, rebuke, reprimand; reflection, check.

Ant. Commendation, panegyric, approbation, applause, approval, encomium, praise, eulogy.

Reprove. Admonish, blame, reproach, censure, condemn, reprimand, warn, upbraid, chide, check, chasten, find fault with, expostulate with, rebuke, reprehend, remonstrate with, take to task.

Ant. Abet, applaud, encourage, cheer, countenance, incite, urge on, impel, instigate, approve.

Repugnant. Opposite, opposed, adverse, contrary, inconsistent, irreconcilable, hostile, inimical; incompatible, loath; heterogeneous.

Ant. Harmonious, friendly, amicable, willing, consistent, compatible, congruous; homogeneous.

Reputable. Honorable, respectable, estimable, creditable.

Ant. Disreputable, disgraceful, dishonorable, discreditable, despicable.

Requite. Avenge, pay off, quit, punish, retaliate, revenge; satisfy, settle with, reward, return, repay, remunerate, recompense, compensate, reciprocate.

Ant. Absolve, acquit, forgive, excuse, neglect, pardon, slight, forget, overlook, pass over.

Research. Inquiry, scrutiny, examination, experimentation, exploration, discovery, investigation, study, observation.

Ant. Ignorance, oversight, inobservance; shallowness, superficiality, sciolism.

Reserve, n. Reservation, retention, limitation, backwardness, coldness, shyness, coyness, modesty; taciturnity, restraint, repression, constraint.

Ant. Profuseness, prodigality, diffusion; affability, geniality, cordiality, abandonment, surrender, openness, frankness, transparency, indiscretion, volubility.

Resignation. Relinquishment, forsaking, abandonment, abdication, renunciation, endurance; patience, long-suffering, forbearance; acquiescence, submission.

Ant. Maintenance, grasp, resistance, retention, rebellion, remonstrance, contention, reservation, holding, keeping, retaining, detention; murmuring, dissatisfaction, discontent, protestation.

Resolute. Determined, decided, fixed, steadfast, constant, persevering, firm, bold, unshaken, steady; undaunted, unflinching, stout-hearted.

Ant. Irresolute, timid, hesitating, doubtful, wavering, vacillating, capricious, variable, weak, undetermined, undecided.

Resources. Expedient, means, resort, contrivance; supplies, devices, money, wealth, appliances, funds.

Ant. Destitution, poverty, indigence, bareness, want, exhaustion, inanition, lack, drain.

Respectable. Estimable, honorable, worthy, considerable, reputable, honest; passable.

Ant. Unworthy, bad, mean, dishonorable, dishonest, paltry, inconsiderable.

Resplendent. Brilliant, splendid, glorious, luminous, effulgent, gorgeous, shining, glittering, burnished.

Ant. Dull, tarnished, lusterless, somber, dimmed, sullied.

Rest. Pause, peace, quiet, stillness, tranquillity, intermission, cessation, ease, calm, peacefulness, calmness, quiescence, stop, repose, quietude, quietness, recreation, sleep, slumber.

Ant. Agitation, commotion, disturbance, excitement, restlessness, strain, stir, tumult, work, unrest, toil, disquiet, motion, movement, rush.

Restive. Restless, restiff, fidgety, fretful, fractious, refractory, intractable, impatient, rebellious, skittish; resentful, recalcitrant, balky, vicious, unruly, stubborn, mulish, mutinous, obstinate.

Ant. Docile, gentle, submissive, passive, quiet, tractable, yielding, obedient, manageable, peaceable.

Restore. Return, replace, refund, repay, reinstate, rebuild, repair, revive, heal, cure, recover.

Ant. Remove, steal, appropriate, abstract, destroy, shatter, injure, dilapidate, impair; deprive; wound, harm.

Restrain. Constrain, hold in, check, repress, circumscribe, confine, curb, hinder, hold, hold back, restrict, suppress, withhold, bridle, abridge, keep back, keep down, keep in, keep under.

Ant. Let loose, set free, release, arouse, aid, emancipate, animate, incite, excite, encourage, free, impel.

Result. Consequence, issue, conclusion, effect; end, event, termination, product, outcome; inference, deduction; resolution, determination.

Ant. Cause, beginning, commencement, rise, origin, antecedent, prognostic, initiation, premonition, indication.

Retinue. Attendants, suite, followers, train, retainers, satellites, escort, cortège.

Ant. Solitariness, non-attendance.

Retirement. Privacy, solitude, loneliness, seclusion.

Ant. Company, converse, society, fellowship, companionship, association.

Retribution. Requital, retaliation, payment, recompense; repayment, compensation, reward, return; penalty, punishment, visitation.

Ant. Remission, reprieve; pardon, condonation, sparing.

Retrospect. Review, survey, reconsideration, reëxamination; recollection, reminiscence, memory.

Ant. Prospect, prophecy, anticipation, forecasting, prognostication, speculation.

Return, v. Turn back, come back; reply, respond; answer; restore, recompense, remit, render; reappear, recur; revert, retaliate.

Ant. Depart, vanish, disappear, remove; retain, misappropriate; withhold.

Revelation. Disclosure, manifestation, apocalypse.

Ant. Concealment, shrouding, veiling, mystery, obscuration, cloud, cloudiness, hiding.

Revenge. Retaliation, retribution, vengeance, avenging, requital.

Ant. Mercy, pardon, reconciliation, pity, compassion, excuse, grace, forgiveness.

Revenue. Income; taxes, excise, customs, duties, rents, receipts; produce, return, wealth, proceeds.

Ant. Outgo, waste, expenditure, expense, deductions, impoverishment.

Reverse, n. Contrary, opposite, counterpart; change, vicissitude; inversion, counter-position; derangement, alteration; rear, back; misfortune, defeat.

Ant. Obverse, front; order, arrangement, version, position, location; continuance, perpetuation, identity, stability, regularity, uniformity.

Revive. Reanimate, reinvigorate; restore, raise, recover, renew, recall; awake, revivify, resuscitate.

Ant. Kill, destroy, extinguish, discourage; decline, die, droop.

Revolution. Lawlessness, insurrection, revolt, riot, sedition, anarchy, insubordination, rebellion, mutiny, confusion, disorder, tumult, disintegration.

Ant. Government, submission, obedience, authority, control, command, dominion, domination, law, empire, rule, sovereignty, loyalty, supremacy, order.

Revolve. Roll, rotate, turn.

Ant. Bind, grind, stand, slide, slip, stick, chafe.

Reward, n. Recompense, compensation, remuneration, pay, requital, retribution, punishment.

Rich. Wealthy, opulent, affluent, supplied, abounding; abundant, copious, bountiful; fertile, productive; valued, sumptuous, precious, costly; high-seasoned; luscious; vivid.

Ant. Poor, indigent, needy, impoverished, destitute, impecunious, penniless; lacking, scanty, scarce, meager; barren, sterile; trivial, worthless, unproductive, fruitless, paltry, valueless; dull, tame, dry.

Riches. Opulence, wealth, affluence, richness, plenty, abundance.

Ant. Poverty, want, indigence, scarcity, need, lack, impecuniosity.

Riddle. Conundrum, paradox, problem, puzzle, enigma.

Ant. Axiom, answer, explanation, solution, proposition.

Ridicule. Derision, raillery, banter, burlesque, irony, satire, mocking, sarcasm, gibe, jeer, sneer.

Ant. Respect, homage, veneration, deference, honor.

Right, n. Claim, liberty, prerogative, license, privilege, exemption, franchise, immunity, duty, justice, uprightness, integrity; title, ownership; interest; rectitude, correctness, power; propriety, fitness, suitableness.

Ant. Wrong, falsehood, incorrectness, perverseness; liability, illegitimacy, non-legality, usurpation, injustice, impropriety, unfitness, encroachment, force, violence.

Righteous. Holy, uncorrupt, honest, equitable, rightful, upright, virtuous, just, good, conscientious.

Ant. Unholy, corrupt, dishonest, unjust, wicked, evil, unscrupulous, vicious, false, unprincipled, profligate.

Ripe. Mature, complete, finished; perfect, developed, full-grown; fit, consummate; prepared; full, seasoned, mellow.

Ant. Raw, unripe, crude, fresh, green, unseasoned, unprepared.

Rise, v. Arise, issue, flow, proceed, spring, ascend, emanate.

Ant. Descend, drop, fall, go down, set, settle, sink, decline.

Rival, v. Emulate, antagonize, compete with, contend, strive, oppose, equal.

Ant. Surrender, yield, defer, retire.

Robber. Brigand, marauder, pirate, plunderer, thief, burglar, bandit, highwayman, footpad, despoiler, depredator, raider, buccaneer, forager, freebooter.

Robust. Strong, lusty, sinewy, muscular, hale, hearty, vigorous, forceful; healthy, sturdy, sound; violent, rude, rough.

Ant. Puny, weak, delicate, frail, sickly, emaciated, thin, slender, gentle, mild, considerate, tender.

Romantic. Sentimental, fanciful, fantastic, fictitious, wild, extravagant, chimerical.

Ant. Unromantic, truthful, unvarnished, unadorned, veritable, actual, real, realistic, reasonable.

Root. Radix, radicle, stock, origin, foundation, base, source, stem, parent, commencement, beginning, radical, bottom.

Ant. Branch, ramification, product, issue, progeny, superstructure.

Rough. Uneven, uncut, boisterous, unpolished; coarse, disordered, shaggy, ragged; rude, uncivil, harsh; loud, offensive; tempestuous, stormy; rugged, knotty, craggy, gruff; incomplete; uncourteous, churlish, blunt.

Ant. Smooth, plain, level, polished, flat, glossy, sleek, soft, mild, quiet, refined, tender, gentle; balmy, zephyrlike.

Routine. Practice, custom, procedure, round, course, wont, order; gradation, rotation, sequence, tenor, system, method; regulation.

Royal. August, kinglike, majestic, munificent, princely, regal, magnificent, kingly.

Ant. Beggarly, contemptible, mean, poor, servile, slavish, vile.

Rude. Rough, uneven, shapeless, unfashioned, rugged, uncouth, inelegant, rustic, vulgar, raw, clownish, unskilful, untaught, illiterate, ignorant, uncivil, impolite, saucy, impudent, insolent, surly, uncivilized, brutal, barbarous, savage, violent, fierce, tumultuous, impetuous, boisterous, inclement, severe.

Ant. Polite, urbane, accomplished, cultivated, courteous, refined, civil, affable, courtly, gracious, elegant, polished, well-bred, obliging; modest, bashful; considerate, serene, placid, genial, calm; fashionable, modern, civilized, modish.

Rugged. Rough, uneven, rude, wrinkled, cragged, harsh, hard, crabbed; steep, precipitate; violent, sour, surly, boisterous, tumultuous, stormy, inclement, tempestuous; austere, severe; ruffled, blunt.

Ant. Smooth, even, gentle, soft, low; pleasant, kindly; balmy, soothing; complaisant, mild.

Rule. Regulation, law, precept, maxim, canon, order, method, direction, control, sway, empire; principle, practice; domination, mastery, government; test, criterion, formula.

Ant. Exception, deviation, eccentricity, irregularity.

Run. Race, hasten, speed, proceed, hurry, scamper, post; go, flow, glide, move, roll on; melt, fuse; pass, advance; course, fly, rush; hustle; pursue; cast, shape, mold; drive, force; indicate, mark out; incur, encounter, venture, risk; conduct, manage, carry on; flee.

Ant. Delay, walk, halt, stop, saunter, rest, linger, hesitate; harden; retrograde, slip.

Rustic. Rural, sylvan, pastoral, country, countrified, bucolic, agricultural, verdant; artless, inelegant, plain, rude, unpolished, untaught, unsophisticated; awkward, boorish, outlandish, clownish, coarse, hoydenish, uncouth.

Ant. City-like, urban; accomplished, elegant, cultured, polite, urbane, polished, well-bred, refined.

Ruthless. Cruel, pitiless, harsh, relentless, unsparing.

Ant. Tender, gentle, pitiful, compassionate, lenient, regretful, long-suffering.