Synonyms and antonyms

by Edith B. Ordway

V

Vacancy. Emptiness; leisure, intermission, idleness; vacuum; chasm, gap; interval; vacuity, space, void.

Ant. Fulness, plethora, repletion; business, occupation, employment.

Vacant. Blank, empty, void, unoccupied, waste, unemployed, untenanted, vacuous, unfilled, devoid, unencumbered, disengaged, idle, uncrowded; inane, silly; free; thoughtless, unreflective; abandoned; inane; leisure; unmeaning.

Ant. Full, filled, occupied, replenished, diligent, busy, engaged, employed; reflective, thoughtful, meaningful; brimful, busy, crammed, inhabited, packed, replete, brimmed, overflowing, brimming, jammed, gorged, crowded.

Vacate. Empty, make vacant, quit, resign, surrender; annul, abrogate, cancel, invalidate, abscind, abolish, overrule, neutralize.

Ant. Fill, occupy, employ, hold, retain, substantiate.

Vacation. Interval, intermission, holidays, rest, leisure.

Ant. Worktime, term, business.

Vacillate. Fluctuate, waver, be unsteady, stagger, reel, sway, rock, hesitate, be inconstant, dubitate.

Ant. Adhere, abide, determine, be steadfast, stay.

Vacillation. Wavering, fluctuating, swaying, reeling, rocking, fluctuation, hesitation, inconstancy, unsteadiness.

Ant. Steadiness, firmness, inflexibility, determination.

Vacuity. Emptiness, vacancy, void, vacuum; inanity, nihility, inanition, unreality; space.

Ant. Fulness, bulk, matter, substance; occupation, actuality, reality; contents.

Vagabond. Wanderer, vagrant, tramp, rascal; outcast, loafer, nomad, idler, beggar, rogue.

Ant. Worker, laborer.

Vagary. Whim, freak, crotchet, whimsicality, caprice, fancy.

Ant. Purpose, idea, determination, judgment, seriousness, conviction.

Vagrant, a. Wandering, erratic, unsettled, strolling, itinerant, roving, sauntering, nomadic.

Ant. Domestic, local, established, resident, abiding, dwelling.

Vague. Unsettled, undetermined, indefinite, ambiguous, lax, uncertain, dim, doubtful, obscure, indistinct, unfixed, general, intangible, equivocal, pointless; unwarranted, unauthorized.

Ant. Determined, limited, strict, specific, pointed, definite, distinct, scientific, settled, clear, fixed, manifest, perspicuous.

Vain. Futile, trivial, vapid, visionary, worthless, abortive, unsatisfying, fruitless, empty, deceitful, baseless, delusive, bootless, idle, ineffectual, shadowy, trifling, unserviceable, unsubstantial, profitless, inconstant, unprofitable, null, nugatory, unavailing, unimportant, unreal; showy, useless; conceited, arrogant, ostentatious.

Ant. Adequate, solid, useful, effective, powerful, worthy, important, sufficient, serviceable, potent, competent, advantageous, beneficial, efficient, expedient, profitable, real, sound, substantial, valid, valuable, essential, cogent, availing, satisfactory, modest.

Valediction. Farewell, valedictory, leave-taking, adieu.

Ant. Salutation, welcome, hail, reception, recognition.

Valiant. Strong, powerful, intrepid, courageous, brave, valorous, heroic, gallant, chivalrous, daring, dauntless, bold, fearless, redoubtable, undaunted, stout-hearted.

Ant. Timid, cowardly, fearful, timorous, recreant, craven.

Valid. Sound, good, justified, trustworthy, well-grounded, efficacious, weighty, powerful, efficient, conclusive, logical, solid, cogent, important, grave, substantial, sufficient.

Ant. Weak, invalid, null, void, unsound, baseless, fallacious, unfounded, untrue; unavailable, inoperative, superseded.

Validity. Soundness, justness, efficacy, force, weight, cogency, importance.

Ant. Weakness, impotency, ineffectiveness, lightness, futility.

Valor. Bravery, courage, prowess, intrepidity, heroism, boldness, daring.

Ant. Timidity, fearfulness, cowardice, pusillanimity.

Valuable. Worthy, estimable, costly, precious, expensive, useful, dear, serviceable.

Ant. Worthless, valueless, cheap, inexpensive, silly, useless, trifling, trivial.

Value, n. Worth, utility, desirability, importance, power; import, signification; esteem, regard, excellence; price, cost, equivalent.

Ant. Cheapness, reduction, depreciation.

Value, v. Compute, esteem, respect, regard; be worth, rate, appraise, estimate; appreciate, prize, treasure, account.

Ant. Cheapen, reduce, contemn, despise, undervalue, underestimate; disregard, disesteem, misprize.

Vanish. Disappear, fade, pass away, dissolve, melt away, be annihilated.

Ant. Appear, approach, be manifest, loom up, arrive.

Vanity. Pride, conceit; unreality, worthlessness, emptiness; hollowness, triviality, futility, unsubstantiality, falsity; egoism, self-sufficiency; show, ostentation.

Ant. Reality, truth, worth; simplicity; modesty, humility, self-distrust; substance, solidity.

Vanquish. Conquer, overcome, subdue, defeat, surmount, confute, silence; subjugate, overthrow, master, foil, discomfit, quell; disprove, confound.

Ant. Succumb, yield, fail.

Vapid. Dead, spiritless, flat, insipid, dull, unanimated; tasteless, stale, tame; languid, prosaic, feeble, prosy.

Ant. Pungent, spirited, animated, pithy, trenchant.

Vapor, n. Fume, steam, reek, exhalation, smoke, fog, mist; vagary, phantom, whim, dream, vision; flatulence; fantasy.

Ant. Inhalation, absorption.

Variable. Changeable, fickle, inconstant, mutable, shifting, unsteady, vacillating, wavering, fluctuating, versatile, capricious.

Ant. Unchanging, immutable, constant, firm, unwavering, steady, invariable, unalterable.

Variance. Variation, dissension, disagreement, discord, difference, alteration, strife; hostility, antagonism, discrepancy, estrangement.

Ant. Harmony, agreement, assimilation, reconciliation, accommodation, peace.

Variation. Modification, alteration, mutation, change, diversity, vicissitude, variety, deviation; departure, difference, discrepancy.

Ant. Fixity, harmony, continuance, uniformity, rule, law, agreement.

Variegated. Streaked, dappled, particolored, diversified, varied, checkered, figured, mottled.

Ant. Unspotted, spotless, speckless.

Variety. Diversity, difference, assortment, species, class, multifariousness, medley, miscellany, multiplicity, kind.

Ant. Type, species, specimen, uniformity.

Various. Different, diverse, several, manifold, changeable, uncertain, inconstant, variable, variegated, sundry, diversified.

Ant. Identical, few, same, uniform, similar, single.

Varnish, v. Gloss, palliate, conceal, cover, embellish, disguise, lacquer, extenuate, excuse, mitigate, glaze over.

Ant. Simplify, divest; reveal, bare, manifest.

Vary. Alter, change, modify, alternate, diversify, variegate, differ, deviate, depart, be diverse, swerve, disagree, transform, metamorphose.

Ant. Stereotype, perpetuate; conform, assimilate, harmonize.

Vast. Spacious, huge, immense, great, mighty, transcendent, measureless, boundless, colossal, enormous, stupendous, prodigious, gigantic, monstrous, remarkable, extraordinary.

Ant. Moderate, limited, confined, circumscribed, narrow, close, small.

Vaticination. Prediction, divination, prophecy, prognostication, augury.

Ant. Fulfilment, ratification, realization, verification, accomplishment.

Vault. Jump, spring, bound, leap; tumble, turn.

Ant. Crawl, creep, grovel.

Vaunt. Boast, brag, display, show off; advertise, flourish, parade.

Ant. Conceal, disparage, decry, detract, repress, suppress.

Veer. Shift, turn, change, trim, vacillate.

Ant. Stand, stick, adhere, persist, remain.

Vegetate. Sprout, grow, germinate; bask, idle, hibernate.

Ant. Decay, fade, wither, pine; bustle, energize, work, stir.

Vehemence. Impetuosity, violence, fury, frenzy, ardor, fervor, fervency, warmth, zeal, enthusiasm, passion, force, intensity.

Ant. Passivity, inertia, quiescence, coldness, stoicism, indifference, unconcern, apathy, inattention.

Vehement. Raging, hot, ardent, fervid, burning, passionate, eager, violent, impetuous, furious, urgent, mighty, forcible, powerful, sanguine, enthusiastic.

Ant. Cool, impassive, indifferent, feeble, mild, controlled, subdued, cold, stoical, passionless, weak, inanimate.

Veil, v. Cover, invest, hide, conceal, screen, mask, shroud, envelop.

Ant. Expose, disclose, strip, denude, unveil, make manifest.

Velocity. Celerity, fleetness, rapidity, speed, swiftness; impetus, momentum.

Ant. Inertia, sluggishness, inertness; resistance; passivity, languor, inactivity.

Venal. Mercenary, hireling, sordid, purchasable, salable, prostitute.

Ant. Honest, honorable, incorruptible, public-spirited, patriotic, unpurchasable, generous, disinterested.

Vend. Barter, trade, sell, hawk, retail.

Ant. Buy, purchase, bribe, subsidize.

Venerable. Worthy, honorable, estimable; dread, awful; sage, wise, grave.

Ant. Despicable, dishonored; informal, free, intimate, easy; foolish, silly.

Venerate. Honor, respect, revere, reverence, adore, admire, worship.

Ant. Dishonor, disregard, scorn, scoff at, slight, spurn, detest, disdain, despise, contemn, abhor, execrate.

Veneration. Reverence, adoration, respect, awe, worship, esteem, dread.

Ant. Irreverence, loathing, disrespect, contempt, disdain, dishonor, scorn.

Vengeance. Punishment, retribution, revenge, retaliation.

Ant. Forgiveness, pardon, reprieve, indulgence, amnesty, remission, absolution.

Venial. Excusable, justifiable, pardonable, slight, trivial.

Ant. Inexcusable, heinous, unpardonable, flagrant, mortal, infamous, unjustifiable, inexpiable.

Venom. Virus, bane, poison; spite, malice, malignity, hate, ill will, maliciousness, rancor, grudge, bitterness, acrimony.

Ant. Medicine, remedy; benevolence, kindness, good will.

Venomous. Poisonous, malignant, noxious, mischievous, virulent, spiteful.

Ant. Wholesome, remedial, salubrious; kindly, compassionate, genial.

Vent. Outlet, escape, emission, utterance, discharge, opening, hole, passage; market, sale.

Ant. Close, stop-gap, end, termination, obstruction, stoppage.

Venture, n. Chance, risk, hazard, speculation; accident, contingency; stake, adventure, experiment; luck, hap; danger, jeopardy.

Ant. Certainty, surety, security, inevitableness, assurance; safety, protection; law, method; caution, calculation.

Venture, v. Dare, hazard, adventure, risk, jeopardize, imperil, chance.

Ant. Calculate, warrant, secure, guarantee, protect.

Venturesome. Bold, daring, adventurous, hardy, courageous, intrepid, enterprising, doughty, fearless.

Ant. Fearsome, timid, reluctant, averse, loath, unwilling.

Venturous. Bold, daring, fearless, venturesome.

Ant. Timid, fearful, diffident, shy.

Veracious. True, truthful, reliable, trustworthy, straightforward, honest, credible.

Ant. False, deceitful, mendacious, lying, dishonest, perfidious.

Veracity. Honesty, truthfulness, reality, candor, truth, ingenuousness, frankness, verity, exactness, correctness, accuracy.

Ant. Deception, duplicity, falsehood, fiction, guile, mendacity, untruth, lie, delusion, fabrication, deceit, error, falseness, falsity, imposture.

Verbal. Spoken, oral, literal, parole, vocal, unwritten, unrecorded.

Ant. Written, recorded, epistolary, documentary.

Verbose. Wordy, prolix, diffuse, prosy, tedious.

Ant. Laconic, terse, concise, succinct, curt.

Verdict. Decision, judgment, opinion, pronouncement, finding, sentence.

Ant. Indecision, indetermination.

Verge, n. Border, limit, boundary, edge, margin, brink; circumference, circle, ring; rim, brim, confine, skirt.

Ant. Center, midst, heart, depth.

Verge, v. Tend, incline, slope, lean, trend, bear, border, approach, approximate.

Ant. Deviate, recede, revert, return, depart, retrocede.

Verify. Prove, correct, establish, confirm, authenticate, affirm; corroborate, attest, substantiate; fulfil, demonstrate, warrant.

Ant. Falsify, misrepresent, subvert, misstate, fail, disestablish, mistake.

Verisimilitude. Likelihood, probability, consistency.

Ant. Improbability, inconsistency, unlikelihood.

Veritable. Actual, real, genuine, true; positive, absolute; original, authentic.

Ant. False, fictitious, sham, spurious, untrue, feigned, supposititious.

Verity. Fact, truth, reality, actuality, existence, truthfulness.

Ant. Falsity, unreality, delusion, fancy, dream, conjecture, hypothesis.

Vernal. Spring, balmy, genial, youthful.

Ant. Wintry, aged, autumnal, decadent, brumal, harsh, cutting.

Versatile. Changeable, inconsistent, variable, many-sided, capricious, erratic, fickle, unstable; mobile, plastic, ready.

Ant. Fixed, uniform, one-sided, immobile, immutable, unvaried.

Versed. Experienced, studied, practiced, skilled, acquainted, conversant, proficient, familiar, clever, indoctrinated.

Ant. Unskilled, ignorant, unpracticed, untaught, uninitiated.

Version. Account, description, translation, rendering, interpretation, reading; statement.

Ant. Text, problem, difficulty; misinterpretation.

Vertical. Perpendicular, plumb, upright.

Ant. Inclined, slanting, sloping.

Vestige. Trace, mark, footstep, track, sign, remains, trail, token, remnant, record.

Ant. Misindication; obliteration, effacement.

Veteran. Old soldier; expert, adept, proficient; habitué.

Ant. Novice, recruit, tyro.

Veto. Prohibit, forbid, negative, withhold assent to.

Ant. Pass, approve, assent to, promulgate, endorse.

Vex. Agitate, disquiet, harass, afflict, tease, weary, jade; torment, worry, hector, distress, annoy, trouble, perplex, bother, persecute, fret, irritate, offend, provoke, affront, disturb, tantalize.

Ant. Please, soothe, quiet, allay, appease.

Vexation. Chagrin, agitation, mortification, uneasiness, grief, trouble, sorrow, distress, irritation, displeasure, affliction, plague, torment.

Ant. Pleasure, enjoyment, gratification, satisfaction.

Vibrate. Swing, oscillate, fluctuate, quiver, waver, undulate, quake.

Ant. Rest, be still.

Vice. Crime, sin, fault, iniquity; defect, error, blemish, imperfection, immorality, depravity, wickedness; evil, corruption.

Ant. Virtue, goodness, perfection, righteousness, nobility, honor.

Vicinity. Neighborhood, vicinage, nearness, proximity, propinquity.

Ant. Distance, remoteness, separation, removal.

Vicious. Faulty, wicked, corrupt, depraved; foul, noxious, defective, unruly, refractory, spiteful, malignant, mischievous, immoral.

Ant. Virtuous, pure, good, upright, noble, moral, perfect.

Vicissitude. Change, alternation, mutation, interchange, variation, revolution.

Ant. Fixity, changelessness, stability, perpetuity, immutability.

Victorious. Conquering, triumphant, winning, successful, exultant, elated, boastful, vanquishing, subduing, prevailing, overcoming, mastering, subjugating.

Ant. Defeated, worsted, humiliated, beaten, baffled, discomfited, conquered, overcome, vanquished, routed, repulsed, foiled, disconcerted.

Victory. Success, supremacy, triumph, achievement, advantage, conquest, mastery.

Ant. Defeat, disaster, destruction, overthrow, miscarriage, retreat, rout, failure, disappointment, frustration.

Victuals. Food, provisions, viands, sustenance, meat.

View, n. Sight, look, survey, inspection; perception, examination; reach, range; scene, prospect; sketch; conception, judgment, opinion; object, aim, purpose, design; vista, perspective; picture, intention, scope, drift; estimate; apprehension.

Ant. Blindness, darkness, obscuration, mistiness; prejudice, misconception, misrepresentation, deception, error, delusion, aimlessness, non-intention, occultation.

View, v. See, behold, look at, survey, examine, inspect, explore, consider, contemplate, regard, scan, witness, study, reflect upon, reconnoiter.

Ant. Overlook, neglect, pass by, miss, slight, ignore; misestimate, misjudge.

Vigilance. Sleeplessness, wakefulness, watchfulness, circumspection, attentiveness, wariness, cautiousness, caution, activity, lookout, alertness, observation.

Ant. Torpor, dulness, inattention, somnolence, carelessness, drowsiness, indifference, apathy.

Vigilant. Alert, awake, careful, on the alert, on the lookout, wary, watchful, wakeful, wide-awake, sleepless, cautious, circumspect.

Ant. Negligent, thoughtless, unwary, oblivious, drowsy, inattentive, careless, dull, heedless, inconsiderate, neglectful, incautious.

Vigorous. Full of vigor, strong, lusty, robust; forcible, energetic, powerful, sturdy, hearty, thrifty, flourishing, spirited, lively.

Ant. Weak, impotent, incapacitated, feeble, inactive, debilitated, powerless, effete, enervated, indolent.

Vile. Low, base, worthless, despicable, mean, depraved, impure, sinful, wicked, bad, dishonorable, ignoble, degraded, sordid, infamous, low-minded.

Ant. Noble, exalted, honorable, upright, estimable, great, worthy, eminent, liberal, free, generous, superior, dignified, sublime, stately.

Villain. Scoundrel, knave, rascal, scamp, ruffian, rogue; malefactor.

Ant. Gentleman, man of refinement, polish, delicacy, and honor.

Villainous. Base, vile, mean, depraved; sorry, mischievous, infamous, knavish; heinous, sinful, outrageous, atrocious.

Ant. Gentlemanly, noble, refined, honorable, worthy, upright.

Vindicate. Maintain, defend, justify; assert, protest, pronounce, declare, asseverate; uphold, claim, substantiate, support, advocate.

Ant. Surrender, yield, give up, resign; abandon, forego, waive; destroy, annul, vitiate; accuse, charge, impute, tax, slur.

Vindictive. Revengeful, unforgiving, implacable, spiteful, unrelenting, malicious.

Ant. Forgiving, generous, merciful, long-suffering, magnanimous.

Violate. Injure, disturb, interrupt, transgress, desecrate, debauch, dishonor, outrage, profane, abuse, infringe, ravish.

Ant. Respect, protect, reverence, honor, value, prize, foster, shelter.

Violence. Vehemence, impetuosity, fierceness, force, violation, infraction, infringement, transgression, profanation, assault, outrage.

Ant. Preservation, defense, protection; mildness, self-control, gentleness, respect, obedience, conservation.

Violent. Fierce, vehement, outrageous, boisterous, turbulent, impetuous, passionate, severe, extreme.

Ant. Sane, sober, calm, collected, unruffled, composed, cool.

Virgin, n. Maid, maiden, girl, damsel.

Ant. Wife, mother, married woman; prostitute, whore.

Virgin, a. Chaste, maidenly, modest; pure, undefiled, fresh, new.

Ant. Married, matronly, motherly; defiled, polluted.

Virile. Mature, masculine; masterful, forceful; robust, vigorous.

Ant. Feminine; feeble, effeminate, puerile, emasculate.

Virtual. Potential, efficacious, energizing, implicit, indirect, practical, essential, equivalent.

Ant. Stated, direct, definite, expressed, explicit, emphatic, categorical.

Virtue. Energy, strength, potency, efficacy; value, merit, excellence; worth, meritoriousness; integrity, purity, virginity, chastity; goodness, morality, uprightness, rectitude, probity, righteousness; force, power, capacity; honor, worthiness, honesty, truth, duty, virtuousness, faithfulness, justice.

Ant. Inability, weakness, impotency, inefficacy; badness, corruption, impurity, unchastity, depravity, wickedness, laxity, dishonesty.

Virtuous. Excellent, upright, righteous, pure, chaste; good, honest, exemplary, blameless, worthy, modest.

Ant. Wicked, bad, wrong, unrighteous, impure, dishonest, worthless, immodest, blameworthy.

Virulence. Malignancy, virus, contagion, poison, venom; bitterness, malevolence, acrimony.

Ant. Mildness, blandness, salubriousness, abatement, assuagement; potency; benevolence, virtue.

Visible. Perceptible, noticeable, apparent, open, conspicuous, obvious, manifest, evident, clear, plain, observable, palpable, discernible.

Ant. Invisible, unseen, imperceptible, concealed, eclipsed, indistinguishable, impalpable, microscopic, indiscernible.

Vision. Sight; apparition, creation, phantom, fancy, specter, appearance, chimera, illusion, phantasm.

Ant. Material, substance; reality, fact, actuality.

Visionary. Fanciful, fantastic, unreal, imaginary, ideal, chimerical, fantastical, wild, whimsical, capricious, illusory, romantic, shadowy, dreamy, unsubstantial, fabulous.

Ant. Actual, real, true, substantial, genuine, palpable, authentic, veritable.

Vital. Living; mortal; important, necessary, essential; animate; indispensable, material, paramount.

Ant. Mortal, lifeless, inanimate, secondary, separable, unessential, unimportant, immaterial.

Vitiate. Impair, contaminate, annul, spoil, void, destroy, injure; cause to deteriorate, taint; invalidate.

Ant. Adhere to, corroborate, support, confirm, substantiate, justify, sanction, vindicate; refresh, improve, remedy.

Vivacious. Animated, sportive, gay, jocund, light-hearted; merry, sprightly; brisk, frolicsome, spirited, cheerful, mirthful.

Ant. Inanimate, dead, lifeless, spiritless, heavy, somber, melancholy, mournful, sad, inert, dull, stolid.

Vivid. Clear, lucid, striking, active, lively, quick; fresh, intense, animated, bright, strong, spirited, sprightly; brilliant, lustrous, radiant, glowing, scintillant, sunny.

Ant. Dull, opaque, lurid, obscure, rayless, somber, cloudy, dark, colorless, dim, pale, wan, dusky, non-luminous.

Vocation. Call, summons, citation; business, profession, employment, calling, occupation, trade; function, mission, office.

Ant. Leisure, non-employment; avocation, hobby.

Vogue. Mode, custom, way, use, fashion, practice, usage.

Ant. Disfavor, desuetude, disuse, unfashionableness, abolition.

Voice, n. Sound, utterance, tone; language, words, speech, judgment, expression, vote; command, precept; opinion.

Ant. Dumbness, silence, inexpression, muteness, inarticulation, obtumescence.

Void, a. Empty, vacant, devoid, wanting, ineffectual, destitute, lacking; unoccupied, unused, unfilled; null, invalid, nugatory; vain, unreal, imaginary, unsubstantial.

Ant. Occupied, solid, substantial, possessed, endued; effectual, valid, operative, good, efficacious, furnished.

Volatile. Light-hearted, airy; changeable, fickle; lively, evaporating, vaporable, vivacious, buoyant, jocund; inconstant, flighty, whimsical, capricious, unsteady, reckless.

Ant. Fixed, steady, established, determined, solid, settled; persistent, resolute; involatile; somber, demure.

Volition. Will, choice, preference, determination, purpose; discretion, free will, election, deliberation.

Ant. Necessity, force, predestination, fate, coercion, foreordination.

Voluble. Rotating; nimble, glib; active; fluent, loquacious, talkative, rapid, running, coursing.

Ant. Direct; slow, deliberate, hesitating, stuttering, torpid, stammering, creeping, lazy.

Volume. Book, tome; convolution, coil; dimension, mass, capacity, bulk, size.

Ant. Minuteness, smallness.

Voluntary. Spontaneous, willing, uncompelled; free, impulsive; unconstrained, deliberate, intentional, optional, gratuitous, by choice; discretional.

Ant. Coerced, forced, involuntary, compulsory, necessitated, constrained.

Volunteer, v. Offer, bestow, or act freely, proffer, tender, present.

Ant. Levy, draft, requisition, request, demand, suborn, confiscate.

Voluptuous. Sensual, sensuous, epicurean, luxurious, pleasurable, licentious, self-indulgent.

Ant. Self-sacrificing, abstinent, ascetic, self-denying, austere, puritanical, renunciatory.

Voracious. Hungry, greedy, rapacious, eager, ravenous, gluttonous, insatiate, omnivorous.

Ant. Fastidious, dainty, refined, delicate, nice.

Vouch. Declare, affirm, attest, support, asseverate, aver, protest, assure, promise, warrant, guarantee.

Ant. Repudiate, abjure, renounce, protest against, demur, decline, abnegate.

Vouchsafe. Grant, concede, bestow; condescend, deign, stoop, descend, yield.

Ant. Deny, refuse, withhold.

Vow, n. Promise, pledge; oath, asseveration.

Vow, v. Devote, promise, consecrate, dedicate; assert, asseverate, swear.

Ant. Release, absolve, free; pollute, defile, profane.

Vulgar. Common, general, ordinary, public; vernacular; plebeian; popular; rustic, boorish, low, coarse, base, underbred.

Ant. Noble, aristocratic, patrician, high-born, refined, polite, high-bred, stylish, select, choice, cultivated; strict, scientific, philosophical, technical, accurate.

Vulnerable. Susceptible, liable, subject, assailable, weak, tender, exposed.

Ant. Impregnable, unassailable, unexposed, concealed, fortified, defended.