CANTO XII

Faire Vna to the Redcrosse knight
2 betrouthed is with ioy:
Though false Duessa it to barre
4 her false sleights doe imploy.

1 Fair Una to the Redcross Knight 2 betrothed is with joy: 3 Though false Duessa, it to bar,

bar > debar, prevent

4 her false sleights does employ.

sleights > ruses, stratagems

112.1

BEhold I see the hauen nigh at hand,
2 To which I meane my wearie course to bend;
Vere the maine shete, and beare vp with the land,
4 The which afore is fairely to be kend,
And seemeth safe from stormes, that may offend;
6 There this faire virgin wearie of her way
Must landed be, now at her iourneyes end:
8 There eke my feeble barke a while may stay,
Till merry wind and weather call her thence away.

1 Behold, I see the haven nigh at hand, 2 To which I mean my weary course to bend; 3 Veer the main sheet, and bear up with the land,

Veer > Let out main sheet > {Mainsail; rope or chain attached to this and used for adjusting its inclination or volume} bear up with > [allowing the ship to run before the wind, steer towards]

4 Which afore is fairly to be kenned,

afore > in front; hence: ahead fairly > well; beautifully; actually, really kenned > seen, descried

5 And seems safe from storms that may offend;

offend > attack, harm, do damage

6 There this fair virgin, weary of her way, 7 Must landed be, now at her journey's end: 8 There eke my feeble bark awhile may stay,

eke > also bark > vessel

9 Till merry wind and weather call her thence away.

merry > pleasant

112.2

Scarsely had Ph{oe}bus in the glooming East
2 Yet harnessed his firie-footed teeme,
Ne reard aboue the earth his flaming creast,
4 When the last deadly smoke aloft did steeme,
That signe of last outbreathed life did seeme,
6 Vnto the watchman on the castle wall;
Who thereby dead that balefull Beast did deeme,
8 And to his Lord and Ladie lowd gan call,
To tell, how he had seene the Dragons fatall +fall.+

9 fall. > fall, 1590, 1596

1 Scarcely had Phoebus in the glooming east

glooming > gloaming, becoming light; louring; scowling

2 Yet harnessed his fiery-footed team,

team > (Of horses pulling his chariot across the sky)

3 Nor reared above the earth his flaming crest, 4 When the last deadly smoke aloft did steam, 5 That sign of last outbreathed life did seem

sign >

6 To the watchman on the castle wall; 7 Who thereby dead that baleful beast did deem, 8 And to his lord and lady loud gan call,

gan > did

9 To tell how he had seen the dragon's fatal fall.

fatal > fatal; also: destined, ordained by fate

112.3

Vprose with hastie ioy, and feeble speed
2 That aged Sire, the Lord of all that land,
And looked forth, to weet, if true indeede
4 Those tydings were, as he did vnderstand,
Which whenas true by tryall he out +found+,
6 He bad to open wyde his brazen gate,
Which long time had bene shut, and out of hond
8 Proclaymed ioy and peace through all his state;
For dead now was their foe, which them forrayed late.

5 found > fond 1590

1 Uprose with hasty joy, and feeble speed 2 That aged sire, the lord of all that land,

sire > elderly man, father

3 And looked forth, to weet if true indeed

weet > find out

4 Those tidings were, as he did understand: 5 Which when true by trial he out found,

trial > inquiry, ascertaining the facts; seeing [for himself]

6 He bade to open wide his brazen gate, 7 Which long time had been shut, and out of hand

out of hand > straight away

8 Proclaimed joy and peace through all his state; 9 For dead now was their foe, which them forayed late.

forayed late > [had] recently pillaged

112.4

Then gan triumphant Trompets sound on hie,
2 That sent to heauen the ecchoed report
Of their new ioy, and happie victorie
4 Gainst him, that had them long opprest with tort,
And fast imprisoned in sieged fort.
6 Then all the people, as in solemne feast,
To him assembled with one full consort,
8 Reioycing at the fall of that great beast,
From whose eternall bondage now they were releast.

1 Then gan triumphant trumpets sound on high,

gan > did

2 That sent to heaven the echoed report 3 Of their new joy, and happy victory 4 Against him, that had them long oppressed with tort,

tort > wrong; injury

5 And fast imprisoned in besieged fort.

fast > securely

6 Then all the people, as in solemn feast,

solemn > {Sacred, having a religious character} feast > festival, festivity, rejoicing

7 To him assembled with one full consort,

consort > consent, accord; company, assembly

8 Rejoicing at the fall of that great beast, 9 From whose eternal bondage now they were released.

112.5

Forth came that auncient Lord and aged Queene,
2 Arayd in antique robes downe to the ground,
And sad habiliments right well beseene;
4 A noble crew about them waited round
Of sage and sober Peres, all grauely gownd;
6 Whom farre before did march a goodly band
Of tall young men, all hable armes to sownd,
8 But now they laurell braunches bore in hand;
Glad signe of victorie and peace in all their land.

1 Forth came that ancient lord and aged queen,

lord > [Adam] queen > [Eve]

2 Arrayed in antique robes down to the ground, 3 And sad habiliments right well beseen;

sad habiliments > sober-coloured clothing right > very well beseen > good-looking, attractive

4 A noble crew about them waited round 5 Of sage and sober peers, all gravely gowned;

peers > nobles gravely > [in a grave and dignified manner]

6 Whom far before did march a goodly band

goodly > well-favoured; courteous

7 Of tall young men, all able arms to sound,

tall > tall; handsome; valiant, doughty arms > arms, weapons; or perhaps, though less likely in view of "But now" at line 8: feats of arms sound > clash, wield in battle; or perhaps, though less likely in view of "But now" at line 8: celebrate, proclaim, make known

8 But now they laurel branches bore in hand;

laurel > (Used to make a wreath for conquerors)

9 Glad sign of victory and peace in all their land.

sign > emblem

112.6

Vnto that doughtie Conquerour they came,
2 And him before themselues prostrating low,
Their Lord and Patrone loud did him proclame,
4 And at his feet their laurell boughes did throw.
Soone after them all dauncing on a row
6 The comely virgins came, with girlands dight,
As fresh as flowres in medow greene do grow,
8 When morning deaw vpon their leaues doth light:
And in their hands sweet Timbrels all vpheld on hight.

1 To that doughty conqueror they came, 2 And him before themselves prostrating low, 3 Their lord and patron loud did him proclaim,

patron > champion, protector; patron saint

4 And at his feet their laurel boughs did throw. 5 Soon after them, all dancing on a row,

on > in

6 The comely virgins came, with garlands dight,

dight > arranged, dressed; hence: hung, decked

7 As fresh as flowers in meadow green do grow, 8 When morning dew upon their leaves does light:

light > alight; give light, twinkle

9 And in their hands sweet timbrels all upheld on high.

timbrel > tambourine (or similar percussion instrument)

112.7

And them before, the fry of children young
2 Their wanton sports and childish mirth did play,
And to the Maydens sounding +tymbrels+ +sung+
4 In well attuned notes, a ioyous lay,
And made delightfull musicke all the way,
6 Vntill they came, where that faire virgin stood;
As faire Diana in fresh sommers +day,+
8 Beholdes her Nymphes, enraung'd in shadie wood,
Some wrestle, some do run, some bathe in christall flood.

3 tymbrels > tymbrel 1590 3 sung > song 1590 7 day, > day 1609

1 And them before, the fry of children young 2 Their wanton sports and childish mirth did play,

wanton sports > frisky games mirth > sport; diversion, entertainment

3 And to the maidens sounding timbrels sang,

timbrel > tambourine (or similar percussion instrument)

4 In well attuned notes, a joyous lay,

lay > song

5 And made delightful music all the way, 6 Until they came where that fair virgin stood; 7 As fair Diana in fresh summer's day 8 Beholds her nymphs, enranged in shady wood:

enranged > ranging

9 Some wrestle, some do run, some bathe in crystal flood.

flood > river, stream

112.8

So she beheld those maydens meriment
2 With chearefull vew; who when to her they came,
Themselues to ground with gratious humblesse bent,
4 And her ador'd by honorable name,
Lifting to heauen her euerlasting fame:
6 Then on her head they set a girland greene,
And crowned her twixt earnest and twixt game;
8 Who in her selfe-resemblance and well beseene,
Did seeme such, as she was, a goodly maiden Queene.

1 So she beheld those maidens' merriment 2 With cheerful view; who when to her they came, 3 Themselves to ground with gracious humblesse bent,

humblesse > humbleness, humility

4 And her adored by honourable name,

by honourable name > by giving her honourable titles; by name (her name being honourable)

5 Lifting to heaven her everlasting fame: 6 Then on her head they set a garland green, 7 And crowned her 'twixt earnest and 'twixt game; 8 Who, in her self resemblance and well beseen,

self resemblance > trueness to herself well beseen > beauty (beseen = arranged; well beseen = good-looking: cf. 112.5:3)

9 Did seem such as she was: a goodly maiden queen.

goodly > beautiful; gracious

112.9

And +after,+ all the raskall many ran,
2 Heaped together in rude rablement,
To see the face of that victorious man:
4 Whom all admired, as from heauen sent,
And gazd vpon with gaping wonderment.
6 But when they came, where that dead Dragon lay,
Stretcht on the ground in +monstrous+ large extent,
8 The sight with idle feare did them dismay,
Ne durst approch him nigh, to touch, or once assay.

1 after, > after 1590 7 monstrous > monstrons 1596

1 And after, all the rascal many ran,

rascal > rabble (adj.) many > [many people; hence: multitude]

2 Heaped together in rude rabblement,

rude > [a] rough, clumsy; simple, uneducated rabblement > tumult

3 To see the face of that victorious man: 4 Whom all admired, as from heaven sent,

admired > [viewed with wonder or surprise; admired]

5 And gazed upon with gaping wonderment. 6 But when they came where that dead dragon lay, 7 Stretched on the ground in monstrous large extent, 8 The sight with idle fear did them dismay:

idle > empty, baseless; weak-headed

9 None dared approach him nigh, to touch, or once assay.

assay > test; hence: find out whether the dragon was still alive

112.10

Some feard, and fled; some feard and well it faynd;
2 One that would wiser seeme, then all the rest,
Warnd him not touch, for yet perhaps remaynd
4 Some lingring life within his hollow brest,
Or in his wombe might lurke some hidden nest
6 Of many Dragonets, his fruitfull seed;
Another said, that in his eyes did rest
8 Yet sparckling fire, and bad thereof take heed;
Another said, he saw him moue his eyes indeed.

1 Some feared, and fled; some feared and well it feigned;

feigned > concealed (SUS)

2 One, that would wiser seem than all the rest, 3 Warned him not touch, for yet perhaps remained

touch > [to touch]

4 Some lingering life within his hollow breast, 5 Or in his womb might lurk some hidden nest 6 Of many dragonets, his fruitful seed;

fruitful seed > abundant offspring

7 Another said that in his eyes did rest 8 Yet sparkling fire, and bade thereof take heed; 9 Another said, he saw him move his eyes indeed.

112.11

One mother, when as her foolehardie chyld
2 Did come too neare, and with his talants play,
Halfe dead through feare, her litle babe reuyld,
4 And to her +gossips+ gan in counsell say;
How can I tell, but that his +talants+ may
6 Yet scratch my sonne, or rend his tender hand?
So diuersly themselues in vaine they fray;
8 Whiles some more bold, to measure him nigh stand,
To proue how many acres he did spread of land.

4 gossips > gossibs 1590 5 talants > talents 1590 etc.: FE

1 One mother, when her foolhardy child 2 Did come too near, and with his talons play, 3 Half dead through fear, her little babe reviled, 4 And to her gossips gan in counsel say:

gossips > friends, woman-friends gan > did in counsel > in private, in confidence

5 "How can I tell, but that his talons may 6 Yet scratch my son, or rend his tender hand?" 7 So diversely themselves in vain they fray;

diversely > variously; also: distractingly (SUS) in vain > in vain; foolishly; profanely, without understanding (cf. 106.19:6) fray > frighten

8 While some, more bold, to measure him nigh stand, 9 To prove how many acres he did spread of land.

112.12

Thus flocked all the folke him round about,
2 The whiles that hoarie king, with all his traine,
Being arriued, where that champion stout
4 After his foes defeasance did remaine,
Him goodly greetes, and faire does entertaine,
6 With princely gifts of yuorie and gold,
And thousand thankes him yeelds for all his paine.
8 Then when his daughter deare he does behold,
Her dearely doth imbrace, and kisseth manifold.

1 Thus flocked all the folk him round about, 2 The whiles that hoary king, with all his train

The whiles > Meanwhile hoary > {Grey-haired with age; ancient}

3 (Being arrived where that champion stout

stout > bold, brave

4 After his foe's defeasance did remain),

defeasance > undoing, ruin; also: rendering null and void (of a condition, right, etc.: a legal term)

5 Him goodly greets, and fair does entertain,

goodly greets > courteously congratulates, courteously greets fair > fittingly entertain > receive; hence: greet

6 With princely gifts of ivory and gold, 7 And thousand thanks him yields for all his pain.

pain > effort, pains; pain

8 Then when his daughter dear he does behold, 9 Her dearly does embrace, and kisses manifold.

manifold > many times; in many ways

112.13

And after to his Pallace he them brings,
2 With shaumes, and trompets, and with Clarions sweet;
And all the way the ioyous people sings,
4 And with their garments strowes the paued street:
Whence mounting vp, they find purueyance meet
6 Of all, that royall Princes court became,
And all the floore was vnderneath their feet
8 Bespred with costly scarlot of great name,
On which they lowly sit, and fitting purpose frame.

1 And after to his palace he them brings, 2 With shawms, and trumpets, and with clarions sweet;

shawm > {Ancient instrument rather like an oboe} clarion > {Shrill trumpet with a narrow tube}

3 And all the way the joyous people sings, 4 And with their garments strews the paved street: 5 Whence, mounting up, they find purveyance meet

purveyance > victuals, provisions meet > fitting, suitable

6 Of all that royal prince's court became,

Of all > [Of all things, of all provisions] royal >

7 And all the floor was underneath their feet 8 Bespread with costly scarlet of great name,

scarlet > {A rich kind of cloth, usually red or orange in colour} name > reputation, value

9 On which they lowly sit, and fitting purpose frame.

purpose > discourse, conversation; questions

112.14

What needs me tell their feast and goodly guize,
2 In which was nothing riotous nor vaine?
What needes of daintie dishes to deuize,
4 Of comely seruices, or courtly trayne?
My narrow leaues cannot in them containe
6 The large discourse of royall Princes state.
Yet was their manner then but bare and plaine:
8 For th'antique world excesse and pride did hate;
Such proud luxurious pompe is swollen vp but late.

1 What needs me tell their feast and goodly guise,

needs me tell > need do I have to describe goodly > gracious, courteous; attractive guise > behaviour, demeanour

2 In which was nothing riotous nor vain?

vain > vain; foolish

3 What needs of dainty dishes to devise,

dainty > choice, delicious devise > talk, recount

4 Of comely services, or courtly train?

services > {The act of waiting at table; the manner in which this is done; also: the courses served}

5 My narrow leaves cannot in them contain 6 The large discourse of royal prince's state.

large discourse of > [necessarily] broad disquisition upon

7 Yet was their manner then but bare and plain: 8 For the antique world excess and pride did hate;

antique > ancient

9 Such proud luxurious pomp is swollen up but late.

luxurious > outrageous, extravagant; lascivious late > recently

112.15

Then when with meates and drinkes of euery kinde
2 Their feruent appetites they quenched had,
That auncient Lord gan fit occasion finde,
4 Of straunge aduentures, and of perils sad,
Which in his trauell him befallen had,
6 For to demaund of his renowmed guest:
Who then with vtt'rance graue, and count'nance sad,
8 From point to point, as is before exprest,
Discourst his voyage long, according his request.

1 Then, when with meats and drinks of every kind 2 Their fervent appetites they quenched had, 3 That ancient lord gan fit occasion find

gan > did

4 Of strange adventures, and of perils sad,

Of > [An account of] sad > grievous

5 Which in his travel him befallen had, 6 To demand of his renowned guest:

demand > request (the modern sense is rather too strong)

7 Who then with utterance grave, and countenance sad,

sad > sober

8 From point to point, as is before expressed, 9 Discoursed his voyage long, according his request.

Discoursed > Told of voyage > journey according > granting

112.16

Great +pleasure+ mixt with pittifull regard,
2 That godly King and Queene did passionate,
Whyles they his pittifull aduentures heard,
4 That oft they did lament his lucklesse state,
And often blame the too importune fate,
6 That heapd on him so many wrathfull wreakes:
For neuer gentle knight, as he of late,
8 So tossed was in fortunes cruell freakes;
And all the while salt teares bedeawd the hearers cheaks.

1 pleasure > pleasures 1596, 1609

1 Great pleasure mixed with pitiful regard 2 That godly king and queen did passionate,

passionate > {Excite or imbue with passion; express with passion}

3 While they his pitiful adventures heard, 4 That oft they did lament his luckless state,

That > [So that]

5 And often blame the too importune fate

blame > reprove importune > grievous

6 That heaped on him so many wrathful wreaks:

wreaks > {Vindictive or vengeful acts (mainly northern dialect)}

7 For never gentle knight, as he of late,

gentle > noble; gentle

8 So tossed was in Fortune's cruel freaks;

in > [by] freaks > whims, vagaries

9 And all the while salt tears bedewed the hearers' cheeks.

112.17

Then said +the+ royall Pere in sober wise;
2 Deare Sonne, great beene the euils, which ye bore
From first to last in your late enterprise,
4 That I note, whether prayse, or pitty more:
For neuer liuing man, I weene, so sore
6 In sea of deadly daungers was distrest;
But +since+ now safe ye seised haue the shore,
8 And well arriued are, (high God be blest)
Let vs deuize of ease and euerlasting rest.

1 the > that 1590 7 since > sith 1609

1 Then said the royal peer in sober wise:

peer > nobleman wise > manner

2 "Dear son, great been the evils which you bore

great been > [so] great were

3 From first to last in your late enterprise,

late > recent

4 That I no'te whether praise or pity more:

no'te > know not praise > [to praise] pity > [to pity you]

5 For never living man, I ween, so sore

ween > think, believe

6 In sea of deadly dangers was distressed; 7 But since now safe you seized have the shore,

seized > reached, gained

8 And well arrived are (high God be blessed), 9 Let us devise of ease and everlasting rest."

devise > talk

112.18

Ah dearest Lord, said then that doughty knight,
2 Of ease or rest I may not yet deuize;
For by the faith, which I to armes haue plight,
4 I bounden am streight after this emprize,
As that your daughter can ye well aduize,
6 Backe to returne to that great Faerie Queene,
And her to serue six yeares in warlike wize,
8 Gainst that proud +Paynim+ king, that workes her teene:
Therefore I ought craue pardon, till I there haue beene.

8 Paynim > Pynim 1596

1 "Ah dearest lord," said then that doughty knight, 2 "Of ease or rest I may not yet devise;

devise > talk

3 For by the faith which I to arms have plight,

plight > pledged

4 I bound am straight after this emprise

straight > straight; strictly emprise > enterprise, undertaking

5 (As that your daughter can you well advise), 6 Back to return to that great Faery Queen, 7 And her to serve six years in warlike wise,

wise > manner

8 Against that proud paynim king, that works her teen:

paynim king > heathen king [Philip II of Spain] teen > grief, trouble

9 Therefore I ought crave pardon, till I there have been.

crave > [to crave your]

112.19

Vnhappie falles that hard necessitie,
2 (Quoth he) the troubler of my happie peace,
And vowed foe of my felicitie;
4 Ne I against the same can iustly preace:
But +since+ that band ye cannot now release,
6 Nor doen vndo; (for vowes may not be vaine)
Soone as the terme of those six yeares shall cease,
8 Ye then shall hither backe returne againe,
The marriage to accomplish vowd betwixt you twain.

5 since > sith 1609

1 "Unhappy falls that hard necessity," 2 Quoth he, "the troubler of my happy peace, 3 And vowed foe of my felicity; 4 Nor I against the same can justly press: 5 But since that bond you cannot now release, 6 Nor done, undo (for vows may not be vain);

done > [once done] vain > idle, empty [made vain; made in vain]

7 Soon as the term of those six years shall cease,

Soon > [As soon]

8 You then shall hither back return again, 9 The marriage to accomplish, vowed betwixt you twain.

twain > two

112.20

Which for my part I couet to performe,
2 In sort as through the world I did proclame,
That who so kild that monster most deforme,
4 And him in hardy battaile ouercame,
Should haue mine onely daughter to his Dame,
6 And of my kingdome heire apparaunt bee:
Therefore +since+ now to thee perteines the same,
8 By dew desert of noble cheualree,
Both daughter and eke kingdome, lo I yield to thee.

7 since > sith 1609

1 "Which for my part I covet to perform,

covet > desire, long

2 In sort as through the world I did proclaim

In sort > [Even]

3 That whoso killed that monster most deformed,

whoso > whoever deformed > perverted, morally ugly; deformed

4 And him in hardy battle overcame, 5 Should have my only daughter to his dame,

to his dame > as his wife

6 And of my kingdom heir apparent be: 7 Therefore since now to you pertains the same, 8 By due desert of noble chivalry,

desert > merit

9 Both daughter and eke kingdom, lo I yield to you."

eke > also

112.21

Then forth he called that his daughter faire,
2 The fairest Vn' his onely daughter deare,
His onely daughter, and his onely heyre;
4 Who forth proceeding with sad sober cheare,
As bright as doth the morning starre appeare
6 Out of the East, with flaming lockes bedight,
To tell +that+ dawning day is +drawing+ neare,
8 And to the world does bring long wished light;
So faire and fresh that Lady shewd her selfe in sight.

7 that > the 1596, 1609 7 drawing > dawning 1596, 1609

1 Then forth he called his daughter fair, 2 The fairest Una, his only daughter dear, 3 His only daughter, and his only heir; 4 Who forth proceeding with sad sober cheer,

sad > steadfast; grave cheer > expression, mood

5 As bright as does the morning star appear 6 Out of the east, with flaming locks bedight,

bedight > adorned

7 To tell that dawning day is drawing near, 8 And to the world does bring long-wished light; 9 So fair and fresh that lady showed herself in sight.

So > Thus

112.22

So faire and fresh, as freshest flowre in May;
2 For she had layd her mournefull stole aside,
And widow-like sad wimple throwne away,
4 Wherewith her +heauenly+ beautie she did hide,
Whiles on her wearie iourney she did ride;
6 And on her now a garment she did weare,
All lilly white, withoutten spot, or pride,
8 That seemd like silke and siluer wouen neare,
But neither silke nor siluer therein did appeare.

4 heauenly > heaunnly 1596

1 So fair and fresh, as freshest flower in May; 2 For she had laid her mournful stole aside,

stole > robe (it is black: see 101.4:5)

3 And widow-like sad wimple thrown away,

wimple > {Linen or silk garment enveloping head, chin, and sides of face and neck}

4 Wherewith her heavenly beauty she did hide

Wherewith > With which

5 While on her weary journey she did ride; 6 And on her now a garment she did wear, 7 All lily white, without spot, or pride,

pride > adornment

8 That seemed like silk and silver woven near,

near > closely together

9 But neither silk nor silver therein did appear.

112.23

The blazing brightnesse of her beauties beame,
2 And glorious light of her sunshyny face
To tell, were as to striue against the streame.
4 My ragged rimes are all too rude and bace,
Her heauenly lineaments for to enchace.
6 Ne wonder; for her owne deare loued knight,
All were she dayly with himselfe in place,
8 Did wonder much at her celestiall sight:
Oft had he seene her faire, but neuer so faire dight.

1 The blazing brightness of her beauty's beam, 2 And glorious light of her sunshiny face 3 To tell, were as to strive against the stream. 4 My ragged rhymes are all too rude and base

ragged > harsh, discordant rude > rough, uneducated

5 Her heavenly lineaments to enchase.

enchase > make a setting for (as a jeweller might make a setting for a precious stone)

6 No wonder; for her own dear loved knight, 7 All were she daily with himself in place,

All were she > [Although she had been] in place > there; hence: together, in company

8 Did wonder much at her celestial sight:

wonder > marvel sight > appearance

9 Often had he seen her fair, but never so fairly dight.

fair > beauty dight > arranged, dressed; hence: displayed

112.24

So fairely dight, when she in presence came,
2 She to her Sire made humble reuerence,
And bowed low, that her right well became,
4 And added grace vnto her excellence:
Who with great wisedome, and graue eloquence
6 Thus gan to say. But eare he thus had said,
With flying speede, and seeming great pretence,
8 Came running in, much like a man dismaid,
A Messenger with letters, which his message said.

1 So fairly dight, when she in presence came,

So > Thus presence > presence [of the king]; [the] presence-chamber (where the sovereign receives visitors)

2 She to her sire made humble reverence,

sire > father

3 And bowed low, that her right well became,

right > very became > suited

4 And added grace to her excellence: 5 Who with great wisdom, and grave eloquence 6 Thus began to say … But ere he thus had said, 7 With flying speed, and seeming great pretence,

pretence > intention, importance; show of dignity

8 Came running in, much like a man dismayed, 9 A messenger with letters, which his message said.

112.25

All in the open hall amazed stood,
2 At suddeinnesse of that vnwarie sight,
And wondred at his breathlesse hastie mood.
4 But he for nought would stay his passage right,
Till fast before the king he did alight;
6 Where falling flat, great humblesse he did make,
And kist the ground, whereon his foot was pight;
8 Then to his hands that writ he did betake,
Which he disclosing, red thus, as the paper spake.

1 All in the open hall amazed stood,

hall > {A spacious public room in a castle, palace, etc., used for banquets and receptions} amazed > astounded; confounded

2 At suddenness of that unwary sight,

unwary > unexpected (SU)

3 And wondered at his breathless hasty mood.

wondered > marvelled

4 But he for naught would stay his passage right,

stay > check, delay right > {Straight, direct; leading towards the place he desired to reach}

5 Till fast before the king he did alight;

fast > close; rapidly alight > stop (SU)

6 Where, falling flat, great humblesse he did make,

humblesse > [show of] humbleness, humility

7 And kissed the ground whereon his foot was pight;

pight > placed

8 Then to his hands that writ he did beteach,

writ > document, paper beteach > yield; commit, entrust

9 Which he disclosing, read thus, as the paper spoke.

disclosing > opening up, unfolding (also in the fig. sense of revealing to the knowledge of others)

112.26

To thee, most mighty king of Eden faire,
2 Her greeting sends in these sad lines addrest,
The wofull daughter, and forsaken heire
4 Of that great Emperour of all the West;
And bids thee be aduized for the best,
6 Ere thou thy daughter linck in holy band
Of wedlocke to that new vnknowen guest:
8 For he already plighted his right hand
Vnto another loue, and to another land.

1 "To you, most mighty king of Eden fair, 2 Her greeting sends, in these sad lines addressed, 3 The woeful daughter, and forsaken heir 4 Of that great emperor of all the west;

emperor > (See 102.22:7-9)

5 And bids you be advised for the best, 6 Ere you your daughter link in holy bond 7 Of wedlock to that new unknown guest: 8 For he already plighted his right hand

plighted > [has] pledged right hand > allegiance

9 To another love, and to another land.

112.27

To me sad mayd, or rather widow sad,
2 He was affiaunced long time before,
And sacred pledges he both gaue, and had,
4 False erraunt knight, infamous, and forswore:
Witnesse the burning Altars, which he swore,
6 And guiltie heauens of his bold periury,
Which though he hath polluted oft +of+ yore,
8 Yet I to them for iudgement iust do fly,
And them coniure t'auenge this shamefull iniury.

7 of > and 1596, 1609

1 "To me, sad maid, or rather widow sad, 2 He was affianced long time before, 3 And sacred pledges he both gave, and had, 4 False errant knight, infamous, and forsworn:

errant > itinerant (a "knight errant" roamed in quest of adventure; the context here also implies the sense of erring, deviating) forsworn > perjurious; in breach of a solemn oath

5 Witness the burning altars, which he swore,

which > [on which, by which]

6 And guilty heavens of his bold perjury,

of > [made guilty by]

7 Which though he has polluted often of yore,

Which > [The heavens] yore > old

8 Yet I to them for judgement just do fly, 9 And them conjure to avenge this shameful injury.

conjure > call upon by oath injury > {Wrongful action; also: intentionally offensive speech or words}

112.28

Therefore +since+ mine he is, or free or bond,
2 Or false or trew, or liuing or else dead,
Withhold, O soueraine Prince, your hasty hond
4 From knitting league with him, I you aread;
Ne weene my right with strength adowne to tread,
6 Through weaknesse of my widowhed, or woe:
For truth is strong, +her+ rightfull cause to plead,
8 And shall find friends, if need requireth soe,
So bids thee well to fare, Thy neither friend, nor foe, Fidessa.

1 since > sith 1609 7 her > his 1596, 1609

1 "Therefore since mine he is, +or+ free or bound,

or > either

2 Or false or true, +or+ living or else dead,

Or > Either or > either

3 Withhold, O sovereign prince, your hasty hand 4 From knitting league with him, I you aread;

aread > counsel

5 Nor ween my right with strength adown to tread,

ween > think, intend adown > down

6 Through weakness of my widowhood, or woe: 7 For truth is strong, her rightful cause to plead, 8 And shall find friends, if need requires so, 9 So bids you well to fare, Your neither friend nor foe, Fidessa."

well to fare > [farewell]

112.29

When he these bitter byting words had red,
2 The tydings straunge did him abashed make,
That still he sate long time astonished
4 As in great muse, ne word to creature spake.
At last his solemne silence thus he brake,
6 With doubtfull eyes fast fixed on his guest;
Redoubted knight, that for mine onely sake
8 Thy life and honour late aduenturest,
Let nought be hid from me, that ought to be exprest.

1 When he these bitter biting words had read, 2 The tidings strange did him abashed make, 3 That still he sat long time astonished,

That > [So that]

4 As in great muse, nor word to creature spoke.

muse > {Abstraction; the action of musing}

5 At last his solemn silence thus he broke, 6 With doubtful eyes fast fixed on his guest:

fast > firmly

7 "Redoubted knight, that for my only sake

Redoubted > Distinguished; feared; dreaded

8 Your life and honour late adventured,

adventured > risked

9 Let naught be hidden from me, that ought to be expressed.

112.30

What meane these bloudy vowes, and idle threats,
2 Throwne out from womanish impatient mind?
What heauens? what altars? what enraged heates
4 Here heaped vp with termes of loue vnkind,
My conscience cleare with guilty bands would bind?
6 High God be witnesse, that I guiltlesse ame.
But if your selfe, Sir knight, ye faultie find,
8 Or wrapped be in loues of former Dame,
With crime do not it couer, but disclose the same.

1 "What mean these bloody vows, and idle threats,

idle > empty

2 Thrown out from womanish impatient mind? 3 What heavens? what altars? what enraged heats,

heats > fits of passion; quarrels

4 Here heaped up with terms of love unkind,

terms > words, language unkind > unnatural; unkind

5 My conscience clear with guilty bonds would bind? 6 High God be witness that I guiltless am. 7 But if yourself, sir knight, you faulty find,

faulty > guilty

8 Or wrapped be in loves of former dame,

dame > lady, woman; mistress

9 With crime do not it cover, but disclose the same."

crime > [false denial]

112.31

To whom the Redcrosse knight this answere sent,
2 My Lord, my King, be nought hereat dismayd,
Till well ye wote by graue intendiment,
4 What woman, and wherefore doth me vpbrayd
With breach of loue, and loyalty betrayd.
6 It was in my mishaps, as hitherward
I lately traueild, that vnwares I strayd
8 Out of my way, through perils straunge and hard;
That day should faile me, ere I had them all declard.

1 To whom the Redcross Knight this answer sent,

answer > {Rejoinder; reply to an accusation}

2 "My lord, my king, be naught hereat dismayed, 3 Till well you wot by grave intendiment

wot > learn, discover; know grave > careful intendiment > attention; consideration; intendment

4 What woman, and wherefore does me upbraid

wherefore > on which account; in consequence of which does > [she] does

5 With breach of love, and loyalty betrayed. 6 It was in my mishaps, as hitherward 7 I lately travelled, that unwares I strayed

unwares > unwittingly; unexpectedly

8 Out of my way, through perils strange and hard; 9 That day should fail me, ere I had them all declared.

That day should fail me > [It would take a very long time]

112.32

There did I find, or rather I was found
2 Of this false woman, that Fidessa hight,
Fidessa hight the falsest Dame on ground,
4 Most false Duessa, royall richly dight,
That easie was +t'inuegle+ weaker sight:
6 Who by her wicked arts, and wylie skill,
Too false and strong for earthly skill or might,
8 Vnwares me wrought vnto her wicked will,
And to my foe betrayd, when least I feared ill.

5 t'inuegle > to inuegle 1590 etc.: FE

1 "There did I find (or rather I was found 2 Of) this false woman, that Fidessa hight,

Of > By hight > is named

3 Fidessa hight the falsest dame on ground,

dame > lady, woman

4 Most false Duessa, royal richly dight,

royal richly dight > [so] royally [and] richly dressed

5 That easy was to inveigle weaker sight:

That > [That it] inveigle > blind [in mind or judgement]; deceive weaker > too-weak

6 Who by her wicked arts, and wily skill

skill > skill; occult powers

7 (Too false and strong for earthly skill or might), 8 Unwares me worked to her wicked will,

Unwares > Unwittingly

9 And to my foe betrayed, when least I feared ill."

ill > evil

112.33

Then stepped forth the goodly royall Mayd,
2 And on the ground her selfe prostrating low,
With sober countenaunce thus to him sayd;
4 O pardon me, my soueraigne Lord, to show
The secret treasons, which of late I know
6 To haue bene wroght by that false sorceresse.
She onely she it is, that earst did throw
8 This gentle knight into so great distresse,
That death him did awaite in dayly wretchednesse.

1 Then stepped forth the goodly royal maid,

goodly > beautiful; gracious

2 And on the ground herself prostrating low, 3 With sober countenance thus to him said: 4 "O pardon me, my sovereign lord, to show

pardon me > [give me leave]

5 The secret treasons, which of late I know 6 To have been wrought by that false sorceress.

wrought > worked

7 She, only she, it is, that erst did throw

erst > recently; formerly

8 This gentle knight into so great distress,

gentle > noble; gentle so > such

9 That death him did await in daily wretchedness.

That > [Such that] him > him; he

112.34

And now it seemes, that she suborned hath
2 This craftie messenger with letters vaine,
To worke new woe and +improuided+ scath,
4 By breaking of the band betwixt vs twaine;
Wherein she vsed hath the practicke paine
6 Of this false footman, clokt with simplenesse,
Whom if ye please for to discouer plaine,
8 Ye shall him Archimago find, I ghesse,
The falsest man aliue; +who+ tries shall find no lesse.

3 improuided > vnprouided reported by Todd in some 1596 copies 9 who > wo 1590, 1596: FE

1 "And now it seems that she suborned has 2 This crafty messenger with letters vain,

vain > vain, proud; empty, useless; foolish

3 To work new woe and improvided scathe,

improvided > unforeseen (SU) scathe > harm, damage

4 By breaking the bond betwixt us twain;

twain > two

5 Wherein she used has the practic pain

practic > artful, cunning pain > pains, efforts

6 Of this false footman, cloaked with simpleness, 7 Whom if you please to discover plain,

discover > uncover, unmask, reveal

8 You shall him Archimago find, I guess, 9 The falsest man alive; who tries shall find no less."

who > [he who; whoever]

112.35

The king was greatly moued at her speach,
2 And all with suddein indignation fraight,
Bad on that Messenger rude hands to reach.
4 Eftsoones the Gard, which on his state did wait,
Attacht that faitor false, and bound him strait:
6 Who seeming sorely chauffed at his band,
As chained Beare, whom cruell dogs do bait,
8 With idle force did faine them to withstand,
And often semblaunce made to scape out of their hand.

1 The king was greatly moved at her speech, 2 And, all with sudden indignation fraught,

fraught > filled

3 Bade on that messenger rude hands to reach.

rude > rough reach > seize

4 Eftsoons the guard, which on his state did wait,

Eftsoons > Thereupon state > canopied throne; majesty

5 Attached that faitour false, and bound him strait:

Attached > Arrested faitour > impostor, cheat strait > strictly, tightly; straightway

6 Who, seeming sorely chafed at his bond

chafed > angry

7 (As chained bear, whom cruel dogs do bait), 8 With idle force did feign them to withstand,

idle > empty, futile; or: simulated

9 And often semblance made to scape out of their hand.

scape > escape their hand > [the constraint of the bonds; the custody of the guards]

112.36

But they him layd full low in dungeon deepe,
2 And bound him hand and foote with yron chains.
And with continuall watch did warely keepe;
4 Who then would thinke, that by his subtile trains
He could escape fowle death or deadly paines?
6 Thus when that Princes wrath was pacifide,
He gan renew the late forbidden +banes+,
8 And to the knight his daughter deare he tyde,
With sacred rites and vowes for euer to abyde.

7 banes > bains 1590

1 But they him laid full low in dungeon deep,

full > very, exceedingly

2 And bound him hand and foot with iron chains. 3 And with continual watch did warely keep;

warely keep > vigilantly observe

4 Who then would think, that by his subtile trains

subtile > subtle; sly, crafty trains > tricks, wiles

5 He could escape foul death or deadly pains?

deadly > fatal

6 Thus, when that prince's wrath was pacified, 7 He gan renew the late forbidden banns,

gan > did renew > resume late forbidden > lately challenged

8 And to the knight his daughter dear he tied, 9 With sacred rites and vows for ever to abide.

abide > remain, remain true

112.37

His owne two hands the holy knots did knit,
2 That none but death for euer can deuide;
His owne two hands, for such a turne most fit,
4 The housling fire did kindle and prouide,
And holy water thereon sprinckled wide;
6 At which +the+ bushy Teade a groome did light,
And sacred lampe in secret chamber hide,
8 Where it should not be quenched day nor night,
For feare of euill fates, but burnen euer bright.

6 the > a 1609

1 His own two hands the holy knots did knit, 2 That none but death for ever can divide; 3 His own two hands, for such a turn most fit,

turn > task (mainly northern and Scottish dialect)

4 The houseling fire did kindle and provide,

houseling > sacramental

5 And holy water thereon sprinkled wide; 6 At which the bushy tede a groom did light,

tede > torch (made of pine or other resinous wood); hence: hymeneal torch (cf. Epithalamion 27, Muiopotmos 293)

7 And sacred lamp in secret chamber hide, 8 Where it should not be quenched day nor night, 9 For fear of evil fates, but burn ever bright.

112.38

Then gan they sprinckle all the posts with wine,
2 And made great feast to solemnize that day;
They all perfumde with frankencense diuine,
4 And precious odours fetcht from far away,
That all the house did sweat with great aray:
6 And all the while sweete Musicke did apply
Her curious skill, the warbling notes to play,
8 To driue away the dull Melancholy;
The whiles one sung a song of loue and iollity.

1 Then gan they sprinkle all the posts with wine,

gan > did sprinkle all the posts with wine > (A Roman custom; cf. Epithalamion 253)

2 And made great feast to solemnize that day; 3 They all perfumed with frankincense divine,

all > everything

4 And precious odours fetched from far away,

fetched > [which had been imported]

5 That all the house did sweat with great array:

That > [So that] sweat > {Exude drops of moisture; hence: exhale fragrance} array > {State of special preparation for festivities}

6 And all the while sweet Music did apply

Music > (Music personified; the art of the Muses)

7 Her curious skill, the warbling notes to play,

curious > skilled; elaborate; exquisite

8 To drive away the dull melancholy;

melancholy > (Cf. 105.3:5)

9 The whiles one sang a song of love and jollity.

The whiles > Meanwhile jollity > pleasure, revelry; magnificence

112.39

During the which there was an heauenly noise
2 Heard sound through all the Pallace pleasantly,
Like as it had bene many an Angels voice,
4 Singing before th'eternall maiesty,
In their trinall triplicities on hye;
6 Yet wist no creature, whence that heauenly sweet
Proceeded, yet eachone felt secretly
8 Himselfe thereby reft of his sences meet,
And rauished with rare impression in his +sprite+.

9 sprite > spreete 1611

1 During which there was a heavenly noise

noise > {Melodious sound}

2 Heard sound through all the palace pleasantly,

sound > [to sound; sounding]

3 Like as it had been many an angel's voice,

Like as > As if

4 Singing before the eternal majesty,

before > in front of

5 In their trinal triplicities on high;

trinal > triple triplicities > trios, triads (referring to the nine angelic orders of St Thomas Aquinas and others. The three Hierarchies are each divided into three Orders of Choirs: Seraphim, Cherubim, Thrones; Dominations, Virtues, Powers; Principalities, Archangels, Angels)

6 Yet wist no creature whence that heavenly sweet

wist > knew sweet > sweetness

7 Proceeded, yet each one felt secretly 8 Himself thereby reft of his senses meet,

reft > deprived, robbed senses meet > proper senses

9 And ravished with rare impression in his spirit.

112.40

Great ioy was made that day of young and old,
2 And solemne feast proclaimd throughout the land,
That their exceeding merth may not be told:
4 Suffice it heare by signes to vnderstand
The vsuall ioyes at knitting of loues band.
6 Thrise happy man the knight himselfe did hold,
Possessed of his Ladies hart and hand,
8 And euer, when his eye did her behold,
+His+ heart did seeme to melt in pleasures manifold.

9 His > Her 1596, 1609

1 Great joy was made that day of young and old,

of > by

2 And solemn feast proclaimed throughout the land,

solemn > {Sacred, having a religious character} feast > festival, festivity, rejoicing

3 That their exceeding mirth may not be told:

That > [Such that]

4 Suffice it here by signs to understand

signs > traces, vestiges; hence: hints

5 The usual joys at knitting of love's bond.

knitting > [the knitting]

6 Thrice happy man the knight himself did hold, 7 Possessed of his lady's heart and hand, 8 And ever, when his eye did her behold, 9 His heart did seem to melt in pleasures manifold.

112.41

Her ioyous presence and sweet company
2 In full content he there did long enioy,
Ne wicked enuie, +ne+ vile gealosy
4 His deare delights were able to annoy:
Yet swimming in that sea of blisfull ioy,
6 He nought forgot, how he whilome had sworne,
In case he could that monstrous beast destroy,
8 Vnto his Farie Queene backe to returne:
The which he shortly did, and Vna left to mourne.

3 ne > nor 1609

1 Her joyous presence and sweet company 2 In full content he there did long enjoy,

content > pleasure, satisfaction

3 Neither wicked envy, nor vile jealousy 4 His dear delights were able to annoy:

annoy > afflict, vex; hence: spoil

5 Yet, swimming in that sea of blissful joy, 6 He naught forgot, how he whilom had sworn,

whilom > formerly

7 In case he could that monstrous beast destroy, 8 To his Faery Queen back to return: 9 Which he shortly did, and Una left to mourn.

Una left > [left Una]

112.42

Now strike your sailes ye iolly Mariners,
2 For we be come vnto a quiet rode,
Where we must land some of our passengers,
4 And light this wearie vessell of her lode.
Here she a while may make her safe abode,
6 Till she repaired haue her tackles spent,
And wants supplide. And then againe abroad
8 On the long voyage whereto she is bent:
Well may she speede and fairely finish her intent.

1 Now strike your sails, you jolly mariners,

strike > lower jolly > gallant, fine

2 For we be come to a quiet road,

be > [are, have] road > {Sheltered stretch of water near the shore where vessels may safely anchor}

3 Where we must land some of our passengers, 4 And lighten this weary vessel of her load. 5 Here she awhile may make her safe abode, 6 Till she repaired have her tackles spent,

tackles spent > worn-out rigging

7 And wants supplied. And then again abroad 8 On the long voyage whereto she is bent:

bent > inclined, directed

9 Well may she speed, and fairly finish her intent.

FINIS LIB. I

END OF BOOK I

=>
THE SECOND
2 BOOKE OF THE
FAERIE QVEENE.
4 Contayning,
THE LEGEND OF SIR GVYON.
6 OR
Of Temperaunce.

1 THE SECOND 2 BOOK OF THE 3 FAERY QUEEN 4 Containing 5 THE LEGEND OF SIR GUYON 6 or 7 OF TEMPERANCE

200.1

RIght well I wote most mighty Soueraine,
2 That all this famous antique history,
Of some th'aboundance of an idle braine
4 Will iudged be, and painted forgery,
Rather then matter of iust memory,
6 Sith none, that breatheth liuing aire, does know,
Where is that happy land of Faery,
8 Which I so much do vaunt, yet no where show,
But vouch antiquities, which no body can know.

1 Right well I wot, most mighty sovereign,

wot > know

2 That all this famous antique history

antique > ancient; old-fashioned; also: antic: grotesque, bizarre

3 Of some the abundance of an idle brain

Of > By abundance > superfluity

4 Will judged be, and painted forgery,

painted > {Ornamented; given a false colouring}

5 Rather than matter of just memory,

just > true, correct memory > recollection; historical record

6 Sith none, that breathes living air, does know

Sith > Since living > refreshing; vital, giving life

7 Where is that happy land of Faery, 8 Which I so much do vaunt, yet nowhere show,

vaunt > reveal, display, make a show of; praise

9 But vouch antiquities, which nobody can know.

vouch > cite; affirm as true, certify antiquities > ancient records (cf. 100.2:4)

200.2

But let that man with better sence aduize,
2 That of the world least part to vs is red:
And dayly how through hardy enterprize,
4 Many great Regions are discouered,
Which to late age were neuer mentioned.
6 Who euer heard of th'Indian Peru?
Or who in venturous vessell measured
8 The +Amazons+ huge riuer now found trew?
Or fruitfullest Virginia who did euer vew?

8 Amazons > Amarons 1590; Amazon FE

1 But let that man with better sense advise

advise > consider

2 That of the world least part to us is read:

least > [the least] read > discerned; known

3 And daily how through hardy enterprise 4 Many great regions are discovered, 5 Which to late age were never mentioned.

to late age > [to those living in recent times]

6 Who ever heard of the Indian Peru?

Indian > (America was thought to be India)

7 Or who in venturous vessel measured

venturous > bold, daring; adventurous measured > measured; traversed

8 The Amazon's huge river, now found true? 9 Or fruitfullest Virginia who did ever view?

200.3

Yet all these were, when no man did them know;
2 Yet haue from wisest ages hidden beene:
And later times things more vnknowne shall show.
4 Why then should witlesse man so much misweene
That nothing is, but that which he hath seene?
6 What if within the Moones faire shining spheare?
What if in euery other starre vnseene
8 Of other worldes he happily should heare?
He wonder would much more: yet such to some appeare.

1 Yet all these were, when no man did them know; 2 Yet have from wisest ages hidden been: 3 And later times things more unknown shall show. 4 Why then should witless man so much misween

misween > hold the wrong opinion

5 That nothing is, but that which he has seen? 6 What if within the moon's fair shining sphere; 7 What if in every other star unseen 8 Of other worlds he happily should hear?

happily > perhaps; by chance; by good fortune; with mental pleasure

9 He wonder would much more: yet such to some appear.

more > [further]

200.4

Of Faerie lond yet if he more inquire,
2 By certaine signes here set in sundry place
He may it find; ne let him then admire,
4 But yield his sence to be too blunt and bace,
That no'te without an hound fine footing trace.
6 And +thou+, O fairest Princesse vnder sky,
In this faire mirrhour maist behold thy face,
8 And thine owne realmes in lond of Faery,
And in this antique Image thy great auncestry.

6 thou > then 1590

1 Of Faery Land yet if he more inquire,

inquire > seek

2 By certain signs here set in sundry place

sundry place > [various places]

3 He may it find; neither let him then admire,

admire > {Feel or express astonishment}

4 But yield his sense to be too blunt and base,

yield > concede, admit

5 That no'te without a hound fine footing trace.

no'te > cannot fine footing trace > trace faint tracks

6 And you, O fairest princess under sky,

you > [Elizabeth]

7 In this fair mirror may behold your face,

this fair mirror > [the poem; Gloriana; "mirror" also = "paragon of beauty", cf. 106.15:6]

8 And your own realms in land of Faery, 9 And in this antique image your great ancestry.

antique > ancient; old-fashioned; also: antic: grotesque, bizarre

200.5

The which O pardon me thus to enfold
2 In couert vele, and wrap in shadowes light,
That feeble eyes your glory may behold,
4 Which else could not endure those +beames+ bright,
But would be dazled with exceeding light.
6 O pardon, and vouchsafe with patient eare
The braue aduentures of this Faery knight
8 The good Sir Guyon gratiously to heare,
In whom great rule of Temp'raunce goodly doth appeare.

4 beames > beamez 1609, emphasizing the disyllable; cf. 110.39:4, 204.28:8, 206.39:5

1 Which O pardon me thus to enfold

pardon > {Make courteous allowance for}

2 In covert veil, and wrap in shadows light, 3 That feeble eyes your glory may behold,

That > [So that]

4 Which else could not endure those beams bright,

else > otherwise

5 But would be dazzled with exceeding light. 6 O pardon, and vouchsafe with patient ear 7 The brave adventures of this Faery knight

brave > brave; splendid

8 (The good Sir Guyon) graciously to hear,

9 In whom great rule of Temperance goodly does appear.

goodly > gracefully; excellently