Monarchs of minstrelsy, from "Daddy" Rice to date

by Edw. Le Roy Rice

GEO. THATCHER

has just rounded out forty-seven years of active theatrical life; for it was in September, 1863, that he made his first stage appearance, doing a jig (wonder if he can do it now?), and appearing in black-face; this was in Baltimore. Subsequently he came near being a Dutch comedian.

HARRY ROBINSON’S MINSTRELS.
Middle 70’s.

A year later Mr. Thatcher’s hopes of being a great song and dance performer received a severe jolt; Billy Emerson was the unconscious cause. Realizing that Emerson excelled him so far; Mr. Thatcher in his next engagement told gags between songs that he sang, and claims that then and there he originated the monologue.

Mr. Thatcher says his first important engagement was at Tony Pastor’s in New York in 1873. On November 10, that year, he made his first appearance with Simmons and Slocum’s Minstrels in Philadelphia, continuing with that organization and that of Simmons, Slocum and Sweatnam about four years.

August 20, 1877, he made his initial appearance with Haverly’s Minstrels in Philadelphia; in the Spring of the following year he played a brief engagement with the same company.

Mr. Thatcher joined the San Francisco Minstrels in New York, December 10, 1877; his last appearance there was December 11, 1880. Nine days later he opened in Philadelphia at the Arch Street Opera House with Thatcher and Ryman’s Minstrels, and continued under that trade-mark until the Spring of 1881. Season of 1881-1882 saw George Thatcher’s Minstrels at the same house. At Elmira, N. Y., August 3, 1882, the first performance of Thatcher, Primrose and West’s Minstrels was given; the organization disbanded in the Spring of 1889. The following season he was a feature with the Howard Athenaeum Company, doing his famous monologue.

In 1890 Thatcher’s Minstrels took the road; the three succeeding seasons produced “Tuxedo,” “Africa” and “About Gotham” respectively.

Then for two years with Carroll Johnson he headed Thatcher and Johnson’s Minstrels, terminating in the Spring of 1897.

Mr. Thatcher has since been in vaudeville singly, also at various periods with Ed. Marble, Charley Ernest, Banks Winter, Mrs. Zenaide Thatcher and Will Phillips.

Also did he play an engagement with Moore and Burgess’ Minstrels in London, England, about twenty-five years ago; his success there was nothing short of phenomenal.

Mr. Thatcher is a natural wit, always original, and an actor as well as a performer, as evinced by his clever interpretations of black-face characters in “The County Chairman” and “Cameo Kirby.”

In 1908 he was with Cohan and Harris’ Minstrels, and in 1909 the feature of Eddie Leonard’s Minstrels.

George Thatcher was born in Baltimore, Md., July 15, 1846.

John P. Hogan, besides being a great dancer himself, has the ability to impart his skill to others.

Mr. Hogan began his professional career doing a song and dance with Stanley and Mason’s Minstrels in 1862.

In 1865 he joined Raynor and Christy’s Minstrels, with Johnny Prendergast doing a neat song and dance, which by the way they were probably the first team to do such an act. That same year they joined Bryant’s Minstrels in New York, and the following season he formed a partnership with Ruey Hughes at Bryant’s Minstrels. In 1867 they were with Griffin and Christy’s Minstrels, located in New York.

Their next minstrel engagement was with Bryant’s in 1868, also in the metropolis.

In 1869 the pair joined Buckley’s Serenaders, and the following year they were with Billy Manning’s Minstrels, located in Chicago, where in the Spring of 1871, Hogan and Hughes severed their business relations, owing to the illness of the latter.

In May, 1871, Mr. Hogan joined the Hooley Minstrels in Chicago for a supplemental traveling season; with this company he did a specialty with J. K. Campbell.

Subsequently with Jimmy Cummings, he played an engagement at Moran and Dixey’s Minstrels in Philadelphia, closing there about February 1, 1872, after which in a variety theatre in the same city he did “Let Me Be” with Harry Kernell, who afterward gained fame as an Irish comedian.

Hogan and Mudge’s Minstrels toured in 1872, likewise Hogan and Ella Chapman played in the principal variety houses.

In 1874 Mr. Hogan returned to Bryant’s Minstrels, and continued there until the death of Dan Bryant, April 10, 1875. A few months later he joined hands with Charley Lord, and as Hogan and Lord played an engagement with Kelly and Leon’s Minstrels.

John Hogan was born in Montreal, Canada, March 14, 1847.

Arthur Moreland. Instances of black-face performers going from the minstrel to the dramatic stage are of very frequent occurrence, but when a legitimate performer goes into minstrelsy, we are inclined to rub our eyes, sit up and take notice.

Such was the case of the subject of this sketch, whose professional debut was made in Troy, N. Y., at the Griswold Opera House, April 14, 1865, in the “Lady of Lyons”; this was not an animal show, as unthinking persons might surmise.

Mr. Moreland next went to London, England, where for five months, commencing in 1865, he played a stock engagement at the Sadler’s Wells Theatre. Returning to the United States extended engagements followed at St. Louis, New Orleans, Louisville, Cincinnati and New York City. In 1872 he assumed the management of Johnny Thompson, in “On Hand.”

Mr. Moreland’s next move was to the Olympic Theatre, in Brooklyn, N. Y., 1873; it was here that Mr. Moreland first became a “corker,” though he had been a corking good fellow fully a quarter of a century prior to that date—and ever since.

His first minstrel engagement was with Hooley in 1876; the following year he was with Maguire’s Company in San Francisco, and later with Emerson’s Minstrels, same city. In 1880 Mr. Moreland became a member of the San Francisco Minstrels in New York City, where he remained four years.

In 1884-85 he did “nigger acts” with Dan Collyer; the following season he was a member of Harrigan’s Company in New York City. Mr. Moreland was one of the members of Lew Dockstader’s permanent minstrel company in New York, commencing September 17, 1886, and continuing with them during the existence as an organization, terminating in 1889.

As Col. Risener, in “Blue Jeans,” appearing in white-face, season of 1891-92, Mr. Moreland once more showed his versatility.

Mr. Moreland has long been recognized as the premier interlocutor in minstrelsy, and the legitimate successor of Wm. H. Bernard, who retired in 1872.

Arthur Moreland was born in New York City, November 12, 1847.

George W. Powers ran away from home in 1861; there was really no necessity for this, as the home was securely fastened. However, that’s not the argument. He boarded the steamboat “Charley Bowers,” did George Powers, and for several hours continued as a passenger, finally landing at Cairo, Ill., where he immediately sought out the manager, and was at once engaged to do a jig, in black-face; subsequently he was apprenticed to old Frank Howard, with whom he did “nigger acts” in the variety houses of St. Louis, Milwaukee, Chicago, Louisville and Memphis; at the latter place he appeared in Morningstar’s Varieties; it is now 1863, and all is well.

Mr. Powers next joined Castello’s Circus, and late in 1863 made his first appearance in minstrelsy; the honor belongs to the Weed and Morris Company.

The following year he was with LaRue’s Minstrels; the next burnt-cork aggregation to claim him was the Morris Bros. in Boston.

September 5, 1870, with Hooley’s Minstrels in Brooklyn, Johnson and Powers made their first appearance as a team, doing acrobatic songs and dances and high kicking—this man Johnson was Carroll Johnson, the present Beau Brummell of minstrelsy, but at that time known as James Johnson; for thirteen years did this duo do dances and other doings.

January 2, 1871, they opened with Hooley’s Minstrels in Chicago, at the first performance of that company in the Big Lake City.

In the Summer of 1872 Mr. Powers and his partner joined the famous San Francisco Minstrels in New York, and continued with them until 1882, barring the season of 1874-75, which was spent in Philadelphia with Carncross and Dixey’s Minstrels. In the Fall of 1882 they became members of Courtright and Hawkins’ Minstrels, also in Philadelphia, and the following January went to San Francisco, where they opened with Billy Emerson’s Minstrels on the 22d; they remained about three months and then joined Haverly’s Minstrels, and in June, 1883, the long partnership of Johnson and Powers was dissolved.

Mr. Powers subsequently gave most of his attention to the banjo, on which instrument in the execution of which he has no rival in minstrelsy; his rendition of “Home, Sweet Home,” with variations, is alone worth going miles to hear.

From 1885 to 1893 Mr. Powers appeared successfully with McNish, Johnson and Slavin’s; Thatcher, Primrose and West’s; Lew Dockstader’s, and Thatcher and Johnson’s Minstrels.

Early in 1910 he married the widow of the late John W. Thompson, of Dallas, Texas.

George W. Powers was born in Louisville, Ky., April 3, 1847.

Luke Schoolcraft was naturally a great performer; born in the South amidst environments that gave him opportunities for noticing the peculiarities and idiosyncrasies of the negro character, he imbibed them without being aware of so doing.

At the age of five he made his first appearance, playing child parts; two years later he “blacked up” for the first time, in the play of “Masked Faces.”

FRANK HOWARD	BANKS WINTER
MANUEL ROMAIN	GEO. GALE
RICHARD J. JOSE	FRANK MORRELL
SIX SINGERS.

Late in the 60’s at Memphis, Tenn., a butcher with the unminstrel name of Wiets, tiring of dispensing steaks, chops and sundry animal flesh to a ravenous clientele, and with visions of perhaps becoming a future burnt cork impressario, he organized the Great Western Opera Bouffe Company; a painfully short time later it disorganized itself.

It is an odd fact that this gifted performer, whom nature endowed with the ability to portray so faithfully the Southern “darky,” aspired to be a Dutch comedian: indeed, he appeared as such intermittently for several years in the variety houses.

July 29, 1872, at Cincinnati, he made his first appearance with Newcomb’s Minstrels, sitting on the end and doing an act in the olio with Andy McKee and E. M. Hall; a few weeks later he began a brief engagement with Simmons and Slocum’s Minstrels in Philadelphia, commencing August 18.

Mr. Schoolcraft formed a partnership with George H. Coes, in 1874, and on August 31 they opened with Kelly and Leon’s Minstrels in Chicago. They played various minstrel and variety engagements until April 2, 1877, when Schoolcraft and Coes’ Minstrels gave their first performance; the tour was of short duration. January 14, 1878, the team joined Emerson’s Minstrels at the Olympic Theatre in New York, and in the Summer of the following year they opened with Hooley and Emerson’s Megatherian Minstrels.

Season of 1881-82 they were with Barlow, Wilson, Primrose and West’s Company; a year later they joined the Barlow, Wilson & Co.’s Minstrels, and on September 3, 1883, they opened with the San Francisco Minstrels in New York City.

Schoolcraft and Coes dissolved partnership in 1889, and in the Spring of that year Mr. Schoolcraft joined Dockstader’s permanent minstrel company in New York City; this was his last minstrel engagement.

About a year later he became a member of the famous “City Directory” Company, under the management of John Russell, and continued with that organization until the time of his death.

Beyond all dispute Luke Schoolcraft ranked high with the great black-face performers of the land; he is one of the immortals of minstrelsy. While he was great in everything he ever did, his “Mrs. Dittimus’ Party” was a gem of purest ray serene.

Luke Schoolcraft was born in New Orleans, La., November 14, 1847; he died in Cincinnati, Ohio, March 10, 1893.

Bobby Newcomb (Robert Hughes) stood alone in his particular line in minstrelsy, inasmuch as he wrote all the songs and dances he executed so admirably, as well as producing for many other performers, notably the “Big Sunflower” for Billy Emerson, which did so much to establish the popularity of that great artist.

The earliest record of Newcomb’s professional appearance was at Quebec, Canada, where on May 3, 1856, he appeared as Master Hughes with Perham’s Great Ethiopian Minstrel Opera and Burlesque Troupe.

The following year he was with Buckley’s Serenaders in New York; it was here that he attracted the attention of W. W. Newcomb, who, with Hy. Rumsey was about to organize Rumsey and Newcomb’s Minstrels; and Bobby Newcomb became a member, and continued with them for about five years; between seasons accepting other engagements with Geo. Christy’s (Hooley) Minstrels, in June, 1859, and a year later with Minor’s Ethiopian Minstrels. Early in 1861 he went to England with Rumsey and Newcomb, subsequently to Germany and back to England, where the company disbanded.

Mr. Newcomb joined Wood’s Minstrels in New York, March 9, 1863, as “Little Bobby,” the ladies’ pet. In 1860 he was billed as Master Robert Langlois.

In the Fall of 1863 he joined Christy’s Minstrels in New York; in 1865 he was with Raynor’s “Christy’s.”

December 9, 1869, he made his re-appearance with the San Francisco Minstrels in New York; the following year he was a member of Carncross and Dixey’s Minstrels in Philadelphia. It was with the latter company he first appeared as an end man, in Pittsburgh, Pa., May 15, 1871.

August 28, 1871, he rejoined the San Francisco Minstrels in New York for the season; subsequently he was with Arlington, Cotton and Kemble’s Minstrels in Chicago for a lengthy engagement.

He joined Maguire’s Minstrels in San Francisco, April 18, 1874; the following year he returned to Carncross and Dixey.

Mr. Newcomb played Topsy in “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” in 1876.

In 1877 he was with Haverly, and in 1881 played an engagement with Moore and Burgess’ Minstrels in London, England.

In 1883 he was again with Haverly. About 1885, with his wife and three talented daughters, he organized the Newcomb Family, and as such he traveled until his death.

In New York, September 28, 1867, he married Miss Mary Blake, a famous danseuse of that time. Blanche Newcomb, in private life, Mrs. John Cain, a clever soubrette, is his daughter.

Bobby Newcomb was born November 13, 1847; he died at Tacoma, Wash., June 1, 1888.

Eddie Fox is known wherever minstrelsy is spoken.

Mr. Fox’s career began at the tender age of five years, and continued up until about 1897, when he “laid down the fiddle and the bow”—not because “there was no more work for poor Uncle Ned”—no, indeedy—for Mr. Fox refuses to grow old, and he could have work aplenty if he so desired.

Newcomb and Arlington’s Minstrels engaged him about 1867; subsequently he was with Newcomb’s Minstrels.

When Simmons and Slocum opened their minstrel house in Philadelphia in 1870, Eddie Fox was leader, and remained there several seasons. Likewise was he identified with Barlow, Wilson, Primrose and West’s Minstrels at their inception in 1877, and continued with them during their existence as an organization, terminating in June, 1882.

Other prominent minstrel engagements were Barlow, Wilson Company, George Wilson’s, Cleveland’s, and his last—Al. G. Field’s.

Mr. Fox composed some of the most popular music in minstrelsy, notably the “Big Sunflower,” immortalized by Billy Emerson; “Kaiser, Don’t You Want to Buy a Dog?” for Gus Williams; “Noreen Moreen,” “Goodbye, Liza Jane,” “Carry the News to Mary” and scores of others.

As a jig and reel player he is without a peer.

DAVE MONTGOMERY	FRED STONE	PERCY G. WILLIAMS	RAYMOND HITCHCOCK	JOE. CAWTHORNE
CORSE PAYTON	FRED. BAILEY	RALPH AUSTIN	CHAUNCEY OLCOTT	RICHARD CARLE
BILLY JEROME	JAS. J. CORBETT	MACLYN ARBUCKLE	JOHN L. SULLIVAN	BILLY S. CLIFFORD
NAT. GOODWIN	JERRY COHAN	DE WOLF HOPPER	GEO. M. COHAN	NAT. WILLS
JOHN C. RICE	BARNEY GILMORE	EDDIE FOY	BERT. LESLIE	SAM BERNARD
WM. HARRIS	CHAS. FROHMAN	DAN. FROHMAN	JOHN E. KELLERD	HENRY E. DIXEY
OTIS SKINNER	BILLY B. VAN	WILTON LACKAYE	WILLIE COLLIER	WM. H. CRANE
“HAP.” WARD	HARRY VOKES	ANDREW MACK	FRANCIS WILSON	HARRY BULGER
JAS. T. POWERS	GEO. BEBAN	JEFF D’ANGELIS	DENMAN THOMPSON	DAVID BELASCO
JOE. WEBER	LEW. FIELDS	CHAS. K. HARRIS	CHAS. HORWITZ	FRED V. BOWERS
THE “FAMOUS 50”; THEY ALL “BLACKED UP,”OR WERE ASSOCIATED WITH MINSTRELSY.

Mr. Fox likewise enjoys the distinction of having been always the highest salaried “leader” in minstrelsy.

Eddie Fox was born in Glens Falls, N. Y., October 28, 1848; a letter addressed care of any minstrel show playing Philadelphia will always reach him.

Thomas B. Dixon. The name of Tom Dixon will go down in the annals of minstrelsy for his magnificent rendition of the old ballad “Sally in Our Alley.”

Mr. Dixon joined Lew Benedict’s Minstrels in July, 1872, and again at Newark, N. J., September 21, 1876. In 1878 he was with Simmons and Slocum’s Minstrels in Philadelphia, and that same year became a member of the original Haverly’s Mastodons in Chicago, opening October 21, 1878. He went to London, England, with that company, opening at “Her Majesty’s” Theatre, July 31, 1880; the following year he was with Emerson in San Francisco; he was likewise identified with other prominent organizations. Mr. Dixon was one of the original California Quartette.

Thos. B. Dixon was born in 1847; he died in Nashua, N. H., November 25, 1890.

Lew. Spencer (James Erhardt), well known as a black-face performer, began his professional career in his native city about 1865 as a Dutch comedian. He was with Duprez and Benedict’s Minstrels about 1869, and subsequently with the companies of Cal. Wagner; Barlow, Wilson; Haverly; Al. G. Fields and others as prominent.

He was born in Baltimore, Md.; he died in Chicago, Ill., December 7, 1904; age 56 years.

Frank Dumont is one of the most intellectual men in minstrelsy; originally a ballad singer, he has been connected with every branch of the black-face profession.

In the Fall of 1862, as Master Dumont, he was with Arlington and Donniker’s Minstrels, subsequently he was associated with John Cross and Tom Fish with Cross, Fish and Dumont’s Minstrels; this was in 1866.

The following year he was with Ned Davis’ Minstrels; early in 1869 he was with Dashington and Kling’s Minstrels and that same year he joined Duprez and Benedict’s Minstrels, and continued with them about eleven years.

Subsequently Mr. Dumont was with Carncross in Philadelphia, the San Francisco Minstrels in New York, and with Lew Dockstader’s Company. While with Sweatnam’s Minstrels, August 22, 1879, he sang “The Old Family Table.”

Mr. Dumont is the author of innumerable songs, sketches and plays, and produced all the shows at the Eleventh Street Opera House, Philadelphia, since the inception of Dumont’s Minstrels there January 27, 1896.

Frank Dumont was born in Utica, N. Y., January 25, 1848.

Will G. Mack, once of the team of Mack and O’Day, had been in the profession about twenty-five years, and with Al G. Fields’, Barlow Bros., and other minstrel companies prior to his death, November 12, 1897.

Charles Heywood (Frank Haffner), who has an international reputation in minstrelsy as a female impersonator, possesses a remarkably fine cultivated voice, which long experience has taught him to use to the best advantage.

Mr. Heywood made his debut with an amateur minstrel company in Newark, N. J., in 1867, at the famous old Library Hall.

In January, 1868, he appeared professionally in New York with Kelly and Leon’s Minstrels.

Later he was identified with Buckley’s, Duprez and Benedict; Emerson’s; Simmons and Slocum’s; Haverly’s, and several other notable organizations.

In 1881 he was with Thatcher and Ryman’s Minstrels in Philadelphia, and the following year with Clark and Ryman’s Minstrels he went to Australia—with his pigeons; for Heywood wouldn’t travel without his pigeons, and the pigeons wouldn’t travel without Heywood; so there you are.

After the pigeon engagement, which lasted sixty weeks, Mr. Heywood joined Haverly’s Mastodons in London, in 1884; again using the pigeons, 100 strong, as a feature of his act.

After several notable engagements in the music halls on the Continent, he returned to this country, and subsequently built a theatre in Newark, N. J. As a builder Mr. Heywood admits he wasn’t a success, but as a hustler he is second to none. And then he opened a conservatory, where several who since achieved success in their profession received their tuition. Of late years Mr. Heywood’s talents have been devoted chiefly to concert work.

Charles Heywood was born in New York City, October 24, 1848.

Barry Maxwell (Maxey) has been famous for many years for his delineation of the aged “darky,” of which he is a master.

His stage career began in his native city as a member of the Crescent City Serenaders, in which he was one of the end men.

With Ed Gibson, as Gibson and Maxwell, he joined Spalding and Manning’s Minstrels; other minstrel organizations he was identified with were Hooley’s; Haverly’s; Emerson and Reed’s, in San Francisco; Dockstader’s, in New York, from 1886 to 1889, and Schoolcraft and Maxwell’s Minstrels.

Mr. Maxwell was also of the team of Maxwell and Carroll.

For ten years he appeared successfully with the Chas. H. Hoyt shows, where he was called upon to play both white and black face characters, which he did with equal facility.

His portrayal of the black-face character of Othello, in the “Texas Steer,” and Sassafras Livingstone, in the “County Chairman,” received the highest encomiums from press and public.

Barry Maxwell was born in New Orleans, La., October 29, 1848.

Quilter and Goldrich ranked with the best song and dance teams of minstrelsy.

They made their first appearance in 1869 at Pittsburgh, Pa., with Harry Williams.

During their partnership they played practically every first-class variety house in the country, as well as many of the principal minstrel companies, including Harry Robinson’s, Neil Bryant’s, and Kelly and Leon’s.

July 19, 1874, they sailed for England, where on August 10 they made their first appearance in Liverpool with Sam Hague’s Minstrels; subsequently going to Moore and Burgess’ Minstrels in London, in each city meeting with pronounced success.

They played an extended engagement with Harrigan and Hart’s Company in New York, and after the dissolution of that famous organization, June 13, 1885, they cast their fortunes with Edward Harrigan.

Mr. Goldrich’s demise occurred during this period, since when Mr. Quilter has appeared mostly in dramatic and musical productions. Some of the principal black-face parts portrayed were in “Princess Bonnie” and the “Traveling Salesman.”

Richard (“Dick”) Quilter was born in the County Kerry, Ireland, August 16, 1848.

Peter Goldrich (MacGoldrick) was born in Trenton, N. J., he died in New York City, June 4, 1891; age 42 years.

Cheevers and Kennedy, originally known as the “Buffalo Boys,” a title given to them by Dan Bryant, when as the “infant wonders” they made their first appearance in New York, with Bryant’s Minstrels, doing a double clog reel April 25, 1864.

The following year they went to Carncross and Dixey’s Minstrels in Philadelphia, where they remained until 1871; part of this time they were billed as Masters Joseph and Eddie. August 28, 1871, they opened with the San Francisco Minstrels in New York for the season; that same week they, in conjunction with Charley Gibbons and Bobby Newcomb, formed a dancing quartette, which was then considered quite a novelty.

The following year they returned to Philadelphia as members of Frank Moran’s Minstrels. July 2, 1874, they sailed for England, opening at the London Pavilion July 19. Subsequently an engagement of fourteen months at the Cambridge, same city, followed.

Their success at this house was so pronounced that an extra gallery had to be built to accommodate the patrons of that popular establishment. Equally successful engagements in Dublin and Paris followed. It will be readily seen that these boys were “capital” performers.

Returning to the United States they rejoined Carncross and Dixey in Philadelphia.

Early in 1877 they began a brief engagement with Emerson’s Minstrels in San Francisco, and in the Spring of that year sailed for Australia, where they remained about four years.

A brief separation followed, during which time Mr. Cheevers worked alone; they subsequently came together again, playing successful engagements in the music halls.

August 27, 1886, they arrived in New York City; they played several engagements in the United States, subsequently returning to England; later their business relations were again severed; Mr. Cheevers assuming the management of the Phoenix Music Hall, Dover, England, and some years later entering the hotel business.

After a separation of about nine years, in the Fall of 1904 they once more reunited and for two or three years renewed former triumphs.

BURTON STANLEY	GEO. WILKES	“RICARDO”
GUS. MILLS	HARRY LANSING	STUART
JAMES MACK	HARRY CONSTANTINE	ARTHUR DOTY
FAMED FAVORITES WHO FEATURED FEMININE FANCIES.

Following their final separation, Mr. Cheevers returned to the United States, where he has mostly remained.

Mr. Kennedy is a boniface in England.

Cheevers and Kennedy enjoyed a well-merited reputation for originality; their quick character changes and diversified dancing gave them a standing in their profession that any performer might envy.

Joseph E. Cheevers was born in Buffalo, N. Y., May 25, 1848.

Edw. J. Kennedy was born in Buffalo, N. Y., July 10, 1844.

Gus Bruno made his first appearance professionally in his native city with Rentz’s Circus, in 1866, doing a hurdle act.

He came to the United States a few years later, and as the Limber Boy he played an engagement at Woodward’s Garden in San Francisco.

Charley Armstrong was his first partner; next came Clark and Bruno, and then Johnson and Bruno, who for five years did one of the greatest black-face acts in the country, playing the principal variety houses and minstrel organizations.

Mr. Bruno subsequently allied himself with the foremost farcical organizations; he is now playing vaudeville.

He is probably the best dialectician in America, and was the first to give the Swedish and Low Dutch dialects on the stage.

Gus Bruno was born in Copenhagen, Denmark, May 4, 1848.

Ruey Hughes (James Quigg) was a fine dancer and a good general performer.

He appeared at the Green Street Theatre in Albany, N. Y., as early as 1863. The following year he was with A. P. Ball’s American Coliseum Circus.

In 1866 he formed a partnership with John Hogan, and as Hogan and Hughes they did neat songs and dances, and quickly made reputations for themselves.

Early in 1867 Mr. Hughes and his partner joined Griffin and Christy’s Minstrels in New York. Subsequently they appeared successfully with Hooley’s Minstrels in Brooklyn, N. Y., and with Bryant’s, also Kelly and Leon’s in New York. In 1869, with Mr. Hogan, he joined Buckley’s Serenaders for the season.

In 1870 Mr. Hughes began an engagement with Manning’s Minstrels in Chicago, where a few months later he was taken sick and finally forced to separate from Mr. Hogan.

The death of Mr. Hughes on the threshold of manhood robbed minstrelsy of one of its most brilliant luminaries.

Ruey Hughes was born in New York City; he died there, November 10, 1871; age 23 years.

Sage Richardson began his professional career as a member of the famous Holman troupe in 1864, at Toronto, Canada. His first minstrel engagement was with Cool Burgess’, later appearing with LaRue’s Minstrels.

Subsequently he joined hands with his brother John, and they played the variety houses until 1880, when he doubled with Charley Young, later playing an engagement with Cal. Wagner’s Minstrels; at the end of the season Mr. Richardson returned to California, and afterward reappeared in variety houses with his brother.

Sage Richardson was born in New York City: he died in San Francisco, March 8, 1883; age about 35 years.

I. W. Baird, who was proprietor and manager of the organization that bore his name for several seasons, commenced his professional career as a trick bicycle rider in 1866. In 1867 he joined Johnson’s Circus at Galesburg, Ill., and in 1872 was part proprietor of Smith and Baird’s Circus; in 1874 he controlled the privileges of the Great Eastern 6 Tent Shows.

In 1875 he organized the Baird-Howell Show, and the following year the first performance of I. W. Baird’s Mammoth Minstrels was given, and continued as an organization until 1889; Mr. Baird subsequently engaging in the real estate business in Portland, Ore.

I. W. Baird was born in Salem, Ohio; he died in Portland, Ore., January 2, 1908.

Jerry Cohan. It will be a surprise to most of the present generation to know that the daddy of the famous George M. Cohan ever appeared in black-face, but he did, and as a general dancer he ranked with the best; Mr. Cohan also could do things with the tambourine.

His first minstrel engagement was with Campbell and Huntley’s Minstrels as late (or early) as May, 1868. He joined Kelly and Leon’s Associated Artists in Baltimore, in the Summer of 1869; other engagements of a “dark” nature were Sam Sharpley’s and LaRue’s.

His last offense was the California (Joe Norcross’) Minstrels, which he joined at Springfield, Mass., December 5, 1879.

Jerry Cohan was born in Boston, Mass., January 31, 1848.

W. W. Barbour, well and favorably known as one of the prominent “leaders” of minstrelsy, began with Cal. Wagner’s Minstrels in the 70’s; subsequently he joined Haverly, and was with him for twelve years. Later he was a member of Cleveland’s Minstrels for two years, and with Geo. Wilson for three years.

He was also leader at Sam Jack’s Theatre in Chicago, and Frank Hall’s Casino in the same city.

His last engagement was at the Grand Opera House, New York.

W. W. Barbour died in Brooklyn, N. Y., September 5, 1899; age 51 years.

Billy Courtright (Albert Courtright), the original “Flewy Flewy,” and one of the most versatile performers on the minstrel stage, began his professional career more than forty years ago. He was part owner of Blaisdell Bros. and Courtright’s Minstrels, who gave their initial performance at Rock Island, Ill., March 8, 1871.

Mr. Courtright subsequently joined John D. Gilbert in a black-face act called “Big and Little,” of which they were the originals; their first appearance in New York was at Charley White’s October 12, 1872. In November, 1873, Mr. Courtright joined Haverly’s Minstrels, and a few months later became a member of Arlington, Cotton and Kemble’s Minstrels in Chicago. Mr. Courtright was with Kelly and Leon’s Minstrels in 1877, and the following year went to Australia with them.

He subsequently rejoined Haverly’s. In the Fall of 1882, Courtright and Hawkin’s Minstrels opened in Philadelphia, as a permanent company. Mr. Courtright has been giving white face specialties in vaudeville for several years.

Billy Courtright was born in New Milford, Ill., March 10, 1848.

Rowland H. Mayland was well known as a flute soloist with many of the best minstrel organizations.

His first professional engagement was at Mrs. John Wood’s Theatre, New York, in 1864. Subsequently he joined M. C. Campbell’s Minstrels, later appearing with Hooley’s in Brooklyn, N. Y.; Buckley’s; Kelly and Leon’s; Geo. Christy’s, and Seaver’s Minstrel Hall, Brooklyn, N. Y.

He last appeared professionally with Neil Bryant’s Minstrels about thirty years ago.

Rowland H. Mayland was born in New York, February 16, 1848.

Lew Parker, the present manager of the Crescent Theatre in Brooklyn, N. Y., 1910, was an acrobat in 1860. Doesn’t time fly?

This 1860 “affair” was with the Myers and Madigan Circus, which, Mr. Parker declares, was the first railroad show in America.

About 1863 he joined Skiff’s Minstrels; subsequently Mr. Parker was with the Oriental Minstrels; as might be surmised, this was a “turkey” show.

A tour of South America with Pickering’s Minstrels followed.

Other black face organizations that were graced by the presence of Mr. Parker were Johnny Thompson’s Minstrels, and the California Minstrels; with the latter he sat on the end opposite “Kerry Gow” Joe Murphy.

The team of Lew and Pauline Parker played the variety houses from 1873 to 1885.

About twenty-five years ago Mr. Parker became general agent for the Buffalo Bill Wild West Show, in which capacity he traveled for several seasons.

Lew Parker was born in Savannah, Ga., May 12, 1849.

Walters and Morton formed a partnership at East Saginaw, Mich., where they first performed August 12, 1872. As an acrobatic song and dance team they were ranked with the best. They played engagements with Arlington, Cotton and Kemble’s Minstrels in Chicago in 1874; subsequently with Neil Bryant’s Company.

Early in 1876 they were with Kelly and Leon’s Minstrels, where they continued about two years. In the Summer of 1876 they separated briefly, Mr. Walters joining Andy McKee August 28, that year, for a few weeks. Subsequently they came together, and continued until July 25, 1877, when they last performed jointly in Buffalo, N. Y.

Mr. Walters’ first appearance were with circuses; in 1864 he joined Rumsey’s Minstrels.

After separating from Mr. Morton he formed a partnership with Mark Hughes, making his last appearance with him at Cincinnati September 15, 1877. J. W. Morton formed a partnership with Billy Ashcroft about 1870, doing black-face song and dances for about one year. August 11, 1876, he became one of the Big Four, and continued as such about five years, part of which the Big Four Minstrels toured. Later, Mr. Morton had his own organization.

HARRY WOODSON	ARCHIE WHITE	CARROLL JOHNSON
NO DEARTH OF “DARKYS” HERE.

He subsequently went to England and Australia, and formed a partnership with Tom Sadler. In 1890 he was conducting a hotel in New Zealand.

Charley Walters was born in Cardiff, Wales, May 17, 1849; he died in New York City January 31, 1878.

J. W. Morton (Sheppard) died March 30, 1907.

Welch and Rice were two of the best exponents of neat songs and dances in minstrelsy.

About 1863 they attracted the attention of Jake Budd, who adopted them professionally, and named them Johnny and Willie Budd, the “Empire Boys.”

They had appeared before the public individually prior to the above event, each with Sanford’s Minstrels in Harrisburg, Pa.; Johnny Rice was with Charley Petrie before joining Welch.

With Jake Budd they played several seasons with Skiff and Gaylord’s Minstrels, and Buckley’s Serenaders.

They then left Budd, and opened with Simmons and Slocum’s Minstrels in Philadelphia, March 6, 1871, and continued intermittently with that company about six years.

They were with Haverly’s Minstrels in the Spring of 1878, and in the Fall of that year they were members of the original Mastodons, with whom they went to London in 1880, where they separated.

Mr. Welch embarked in the hotel business in England for awhile, but later returned to the United States, and assumed the management of Callender’s Minstrels for the proprietors, Charles and Gustave Frohman.

Mr. Welch’s last engagement was with Dockstader’s Minstrels in New York, April 29, 1887.

He was the author of several musical sketches, and was an intellectual performer.

Johnny Rice played variety and minstrel engagements after separating from Welch.

Billy Welch was born at sea, December 20, 1849; he died in New York City, May 7, 1887.

John Cornelius Rice was born in Harrisburg, Pa., November 6, 1852; he died in Chicago, November 23, 1887.

Master Tommy (Thomas Henry Ryan) gave promise of attaining a high position in his chosen profession.

As a dancer and comedian he had already achieved prominence.

He died in New York, June 22, 1869; age 20 years.

George W. Woods, famous as a great bone player with Haverly, also the San Francisco Minstrels, and who in 1892 did an act with J. H. Mack with the Muldoon Specialty Company, died in New York City, June 19, 1898; age 50 years; he was born in England.

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Billy West, Billy Emerson and Billy Rice, minstrelsy’s three great “Billy’s,” died within fourteen days—exactly one week apart in 1902.

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Charles F. Lorraine made his first appearance on the stage in pantomime at the Brittania Theatre, London, England, in 1855, as a child, and while still a child gave a season of popular concerts at the Music Hall, Leeds, England.

His minstrel career began in 1867 as a member of Charles Christie’s Minstrels; next season he piloted his own troupe; other organizations were the Livermore Bros. Minstrels, where he remained some time; subsequent minstrel engagements were with Matthews Bros., and Sam Hague’s, all in England.

In 1882, Thatcher, Primrose and West; then Carpenter and Lorraine’s Minstrels; Barlow and Wilson; Barlow, Wilson and Rankin’s; Emerson’s; Cleveland, and Haverly’s.

Mr. Lorraine, in addition to being a vocalist, was an interlocutor of merit.

He married Miss St. George Hussey, who died in Detroit, Mich., October 9, 1910.

Charles F. Lorraine was born December 11, 1849.

George T. Clapham, brother of Harry J. Clapham, joined Haverly’s Minstrels in 1875 as advance agent, remaining about one year; subsequently going to Haverly’s Adelphi Theatre in Chicago as advertising agent, where another year was spent.

In the early 80’s he assumed management of Thatcher, Primrose and West’s Minstrels, remaining in that capacity five years.

Later he was with Hoyt & Thomas, one season, and part of another was with H. R. Jacobs in Albany. After this he was agent for Lew Dockstader’s (road) Minstrels about three seasons; then with Archie Boyd.

Mr. Clapham was with J. H. Haverly’s Minstrels on their last tour, about 12 years ago.

George T. Clapham was born in Albany, N. Y., April, 1849.

Joseph H. Mack was well known as a prominent minstrel agent and manager of such organizations as Kelly and Leon’s, Emerson’s California Minstrels and Hart, Ryman and Barney’s Minstrels, also manager of the Cleveland Baseball Club in 1880.

Joseph H. Mack was born in Buffalo, N. Y., May 10, 1849; he died at Hewitt, N. J., November 14, 1892.

Harry Fisher, famous in the old Harrigan and Hart days for his unique German characterizations, played Uncle Tom in the latter’s “cabin,” in New York at the Olympic Theatre, in April, 1878.

Harry Fisher was born in New York City, July 21, 1849, and doesn’t care who knows it.

Charles Dockstader was one of the most prolific producers in minstrelsy. He was something besides being a good song and dance performer, and was the author of many sketches, acts and songs.

His first appearance on the stage was in his native city as the child in “Pizarro,” with Edwin Forrest; his debut as a minstrel was also made in Cleveland some years later.

In September, 1878, he formed a partnership with Lew Clapp, opening in Jersey City, where they remained several weeks at a variety theatre as the Dockstader Bros. December 30, same year, they played their first minstrel engagement with Jerry Thomas’ Company in New York.

They began the season of 1880 with Carncross’ Minstrels in Philadelphia, and remained there, until December, 1881, when they opened with George Thatcher’s Minstrels in Philadelphia for a brief engagement. Subsequently they were with Haverly, and a return to Carncross, where early in March, 1883, owing to Mr. Dockstader’s illness he was compelled to separate from Lew Dockstader.

Later he did an act with William Lee as the “Dockstader’s;” also a sketch with Billy and Ella Watson in 1889. Of late years previous to his retirement he had been with dramatic companies.

Charles Dockstader was born in Cleveland, Ohio, September 28, 1849; he died in Pleasantville, N. J., October 20, 1907.

Frank “Pop” Ward, known everywhere as the “Terrible Judge” of vaudeville, began his professional career with Lent’s Circus in Newark, N. J., in 1871 as a trapeze performer.

In 1873 he became a member of the Orpheus Quartette, and remained with them until he organized the original Clipper Quartette in 1879, opening at Tony Pastor’s in New York City. Mr. Ward continued with the quartette through the various changes until its dissolution, about 1893, playing with Snellbaker’s “Majestics”; Hyde and Behman’s Company; McIntyre and Heath’s Minstrels; Thatcher, Primrose and West’s Minstrels; Nat Goodwin and many high-class farcical organizations.

Mr. Ward formed a partnership with John P. Curran in 1893, since which he has been most successfully appearing in vaudeville.

“Pop” Ward is considered a wonder in the profession he so ably represents, possessing all the energy and vim of a performer of half his years.

Francis T. Ward was born in New York City, January 4, 1849.

Frank Turner (Trainor) was one of the Three Turner Brothers who appeared successfully in the variety theatres for several seasons.

In Cincinnati, September 3, 1877, he formed a partnership with Albert Geyer, one of the three Geyer Brothers, doing black-face song and dances. His last appearance was at the Olympic Theatre, New York, November 12, 1877.

He died in New York City, November 17, 1877.

Dent. Delmanning was one of the well-known Delmanning Brothers, a prominent song and dance team, who entered the profession about 1871.

They were with Whitmore and Clark’s; Cal. Wagner’s; Barlow, Wilson and Rankin’s and other well-known minstrel organizations.

He died in Brooklyn, N. Y., February 4, 1901.

Al. Hayman, of the great theatrical syndicate, was in minstrelsy, though the author has no record of his ever “blacking up.”

MRS. JAS. BUDWORTH	MRS. BOBBY NEWCOMB	MRS. E. N. SLOCUM
MRS. FRED BUCKLEY	MRS. “JACK” HAVERLY	MRS. DAN. BRYANT
MRS. J. R. KEMBLE	MRS. JOHN MULLIGAN	MRS. CHARLEY PETTENGILL
MRS. BILLY EMERSON	MRS. BILLY MANNING	MRS. BILLY RICE
WIVES OF FAMOUS MINSTRELS.

Hiscox and Hayman’s Minstrels were organized in Australia in the Spring of 1880.

For further particulars see [Willis P. Sweatnam].

Billy Frear, was an unusually versatile black-face performer, being equally proficient as a dancer, banjoist or comedian; as an end man he was especially clever. His first minstrel engagement was with Duprez and Benedict’s, about 1865; he was quite popular with this company, and equally so with Carncross and Dixey in Philadelphia subsequently.

His first wife was Millie Blair, a well-known song and dance artist; later he married a Miss Rogers. He died in Poughkeepsie, N. Y., December 28, 1888; age 41 years.

Charles W. Cogill made his first appearance with his brother in San Francisco; later he formed a partnership with Fred Cooper.

In May, 1877, Cogill and Cooper built and opened the Adelphi Theatre in the California metropolis, and conducted it for several months.

Mr. Cogill subsequently joined George Reynolds after the death of the latter’s brother in 1878; the alliance did not last long, and again he joined his brother, together they went to Australia, where they were great favorites. They opened in Sydney in April, 1885, later going to Melbourne, where they had their own theatre, and where they remained twelve years.

About 1900 Mr. Cogill returned to America, and rejoined Cooper in a song and dance act.

Charles W. Cogill was born in New York; he died in San Francisco, March 16, 1903; age 53 years.

John M. Turner (McTurney), a really great banjoist, formed a partnership with J. K. Buckley in a banjo act in the middle 70’s; they severed their business relations November 11, 1876.

Mr. Turner was married in 1872.

For several years prior to his death he had not been actively engaged in his profession.

John M. Turner was born in New York about 1850; he died there September 4, 1907.

“Bernardo” (Thomas White), a prominent female impersonator in the “good old days,” according to Frank Dumont, appeared as early as 1867 with Ned Davis’ Olio Minstrels as Master J. Buckley.

He was with Hooley’s Minstrels in Brooklyn, N. Y., two years later, playing under his own name, Thos. White.

He joined Lew Benedict’s Minstrels in July, 1872, subsequently he was associated with the San Francisco Minstrels in New York in 1875; the same year he joined Hooley’s Minstrels in Brooklyn, N. Y., and in 1878 was a member of Charley Morris’ Minstrels. He was with Bryant’s in New York, also Haverly’s Minstrels.

In May, 1877, with Charley Sutton, Francis Wilson and Jimmy Mackin, he launched Mackin, Wilson, Sutton and Bernardo’s Minstrels.

“Bernardo” died in Brooklyn, N. Y., November 21, 1880.

Charley Glidden was an “Oyster Can Moke” with the late Fred. Huber in 1879.

He is now a successful citizen of Seattle—and Seattle is said not to be sad.

George Gale, famous for many years with many companies as a burlesque lyric artist and tenor vocalist, made his professional debut with Harry Robinson’s Minstrels at Coldwater, Mich., about 35 years ago; probably a little less than that—at any rate, he later joined Haverly’s Minstrels, and afterward Barlow, Wilson, Primrose and West’s organization.

While with Hyde and Behman’s Minstrels he was one of the members of the Clipper Quartette.

Mr. Gale was located in Philadelphia with Carncross’ Minstrels, and in Chicago with Haverly’s Home Minstrels.

Mr. Gale was also with McNish, Johnson and Slavin’s Minstrels, as well as various high-class farcical companies.

At present he is now of the Clipper 3—Gale, Wensley and Manchester.

George Gale is a finely preserved man for his age—which was “accidentally” not given to the author.

James B. Frear was several years a minstrel, but abandoned that profession some time before his death for the more domestic one of barber.

He died in Poughkeepsie, N. Y., January 6, 1885.

Ned Wambold, the well-known comedian, and who was a nephew of Dave Wambold, made his first appearance in his native city with the Congo Minstrels, July 1, 1869.

He was associated in the management of his own company with E. M. Hall and E. M. Kayne; the organization bore their names and started from Chicago, April 10, 1875. In the Fall of 1879 he joined Joe Norcross’ California Minstrels, and late in December the following year he was a member of Kyle’s “Christy” Minstrels, who endeavored unsuccessfully to revive minstrelsy in Boston. He was also connected with several variety and other minstrel shows during his comparatively brief, but very successful career as a comedian.

Ned Wambold was born in Newark, N. J.; he died there April 18, 1882.

George F. Moore was the originator of the noiseless Essence dance, and a performer versatile to a degree.

His first appearance was made with Hooley’s Minstrels in Brooklyn, N. Y., at the age of fourteen. At 18 he married Kittie Henderson, and they did sketches for several years, when the act was augmented by “Baby” Moore. November 12, 1879, he married Kittie Parker, the banjoist, in Denver, Colo.

He had several companies of his own prior to going to England in July, 1887, where he played the music halls until his death.

George F. Moore was born in Cambridge, Mass., July 6, 1850; he died in Liverpool, England, October 21, 1890.

The American Team were originally two distinct song and dance acts, Wayne and Lovely, Cotton and Birdue. They formed an alliance in the Spring of 1876, and after a few brief engagements in the United States, sailed for England, opening in London, June 26, 1876.

They were a sensation in the English capitol, also in Paris. Early in 1878 the four disbanded.

Ben Cotton, who was a son of the noted minstrel of that name, married Mrs. Mary E. Marshall in London, June 28, 1877, and about a year later returned to the United States, and appeared with Ward and Webb’s Minstrels in the Spring of 1879, and Norcross’ California Minstrels in the Fall of the same year.

As early as 1865 he was with Cotton and Murphy’s Minstrels as Master Bennie.

Birdue and Wayne formed an alliance and played with Hague’s Minstrels in the Fall of 1878.

Bob Birdue had various partners before associating with Ben Cotton, notably Richard Golden and Edw. B. Daily, well-known now in Boston.

Burt Wayne (Bout) died in Liverpool, England, March 13, 1879.

Joe Lovely died at Manchester, England, May 21, 1882; age 35 years.

Ben Cotton, Jr., died in Bristol, R. I., October 26, 1880; age 26 years.

Bob Birdue died in Liverpool, England, October 8, 1879.

Harry Watson, one of the funniest Dutchmen on the vaudeville stage, began his professional career in Milwaukee, Wis., in 1859, doing a black-face song and dance for John Ryan. Mr. Watson worked for his board only, and got it.

Subsequently he played many engagements in black-face; we’d like to see him do it now.

Goss and Fox were one of the best black-face song and dance teams in minstrelsy.

They formed an alliance in the early 70’s, and were with Haverly’s Minstrels at the organization of that company in November, 1873. In January, 1878, they were with Simmons, Slocum and Sweatnam’s Minstrels in Philadelphia. The following season they joined Harrigan and Hart’s Company in New York and remained with them several seasons.

Mr. Goss’ partner prior to meeting Mr. Fox was Lew Hallett; and as Hallett and Goss played an engagement with Cal. Wagner’s Minstrels, closing December 31, 1871.

Mr. Goss’ first appearance was at Acker’s Garden, Troy, N. Y.

Ned. Goss was born in Cohoes, N. Y., September 4, 1848; he died in New York City, April 16, 1882.

James Fox, who was a brother of Ned Fox, was born at Little Falls, N. Y., March 28, 1853; he died at Amsterdam, N. Y., November 10, 1887.

Paul Dresser, whose many songs were widely sung with many minstrel companies, was a member of Billy Rice’s Minstrels about 1885.

He was born in Terre Haute, Ind.; he died in New York, January 30, 1906.

THE “MERRY OLD GALS” IN ENGLAND, 1871.
H. Livermore, G. Livermore, C. Livermore, C. F. Lorraine, L. Livermore.

CALLAN, HALEY AND CALLAN’S ELECTRIC 3 MINSTRELS.
November 3, 1886.

Al. G. Field (Alfred Griffith Hatfield) has been a name to conjure by in various parts of the Union for a period of nearly a quarter of a century; merely to announce that the famous minstrel and his company were to appear at a given place was practically saying that the minstrel loving population would turn out en masse to greet them.

Nearly everyone knows all about Mr. Field’s career from the inception of the Fields’ Minstrels to date; but how many are aware of the famous comedian’s early struggles he went through before he reached the goal of success? It is a pleasure for the author to recount them.

Al. G. Field first appeared professionally at Jeffries Hall, Brownsville, Pa., about 1871; he performed in the old nigger act of “Handy Andy”; he attracted the attention of that famous minstrel Sam Sharpley, and became a member of his company, officially known as Sharpley, Sheridan, Mack and Day’s Minstrels; this was in the Winter of 1871. The following season he joined Bidwell and McDonough’s “Black Crook” Company; subsequently he appeared with the California Minstrels, and Tony Denier’s “Humpty Dumpty.” In November, 1876, he became a member of Haverly’s “Blackbirds of a Nation,” one of the many minstrel companies controlled at one time by that astute manager.

Mr. Field’s other minstrel engagements were with Simmons and Slocum’s in 1877, and Duprez and Benedict’s, in 1883. In May, 1875, he paid a visit to Peter Sells’ and his circus, and in conjunction with McIntyre and Heath put on a minstrel first part, also did a monologue. Mr. Field’s success was so pronounced on this occasion that he not only continued during the balance of the season, but for ten consecutive years was associated with the famous Sells organization during the tenting seasons, in the capacity of performer, also filling responsible executive positions.

In the Spring of 1884 Mr. Field organized what is now the Hagenbeck-Wallace Show, opening at Peru, Ind., April 27; he remained with them as manager until September 9, 1886.

On the sixth day of October, 1886, the Al. G. Field’s Minstrels were organized; the company numbered 27 persons, and gave their initial performance at Marion, Ohio. The rest we all know.

Mr. Field claims that his minstrel company was the first to carry their entire stage setting and scenery, and the first to build and operate a special train of cars.

May 10, 1910, the company was incorporated.

Al. G. Field was born near Morgantown, W. Va. (but at the time Virginia), November 7, 1850.

Seamon and Sommers were an excellent black-face song and dance team who formed an alliance in the middle 70’s.

In the Fall of 1877 they were with Neil Bryant’s Minstrels; subsequently they were with other first-class organizations until December, 1880, when with the Girard Bros, as the “Grotesque 4” they began an engagement with Thatcher and Ryman’s Minstrels in Philadelphia. Early in 1882 Seamon, Sommers and the Girard Bros., in conjunction with Lester and Allen, formed the “Funny 6.”

Charley Seamon met with great success as Reuben Whipple in “Way Down East”; he was equally successful with Russell’s famous “City Directory” prior to that.

Tom Sommers was the husband of Carrie Boshell, of the well-known Boshell Sisters, once of Carter’s Zouaves.

Charles V. Seamon died at Sheffield, Mass., July 27, 1898.

Tom Sommers (Thos. Eugene Sommerville) died at St. Paul, Minn., September 12, 1891.

Fred Bryant (Snyder) began his professional career with Charley West about 1875, doing a musical act as Bryant and West; they continued as partners about three years.

In 1878 he joined William F. Hoey, and as Bryant and Hoey they gave one of the greatest black-face musical acts ever seen.

In 1882 the combination of Evans, Bryant and Hoey formed a company called the “Meteors.”

About two years later Mr. Bryant withdrew, and subsequently played mostly in the variety houses.

As a cornettist he ranked with the best.

Fred Bryant died in New York City, June 22, 1894.

Joseph Brooks, the well-known theatrical magnate, now located in New York City, was formerly a minstrel magnate. When? August 24, 1881, the season of Brooks, Dickson and Clapham’s Minstrels was inaugurated.

Frank Howard (Parlimenta), once of the Clipper Quartette, and also of the famous minstrel act of Adams, Casey and Howard, is in business in New Jersey.

Dave Foy was several years as a clown with Robinson’s Circus, commencing about 1876; subsequently he was with the “Two John’s” Company; as late as 1887, with Lizzie Foy, he played the principal vaudeville houses.

Season of 1891-92 he was with Primrose and West. In 1890 he joined Carncross’s Minstrels in Philadelphia; during the World’s Fair in Chicago, he played with Haverly; subsequently returning to Carncross, where he was quite popular; his excessive avoirdupois contributed in a small measure to his success.

Dave Foy was born in Philadelphia, where he died October 16, 1900.

Jabez Freeth, interlocutor and bass singer in the California Quartette, was prominently identified with the minstrel companies of Haverly, Emerson and several others.

He died in San Francisco, Cal., July 11, 1882.

Adams and Lee were a prominent black-face musical team who formed a partnership in the 70’s. In 1878 they were with Haverly’s Mastodons.

Mr. Adams was subsequently of the team of Adams, Casey and Howard.

Mr. Lee later did considerable concert work with Billy Huntley. As a banjoist Mr. Lee excelled.

James E. Adams died in New York, December 4, 1897.

John H. Lee died in San Diego, Cal., September 7, 1890.

John E. Henshaw, famous for many moons for his comedy work in various successful productions, played the tambourine on the end with a minstrel show in June, 1871.

The following year he was with Harry Robinson’s Minstrels, and for several seasons was of the black-face song and dance teams of Henshaw and Lawton, and Henshaw and Ginniven. In 1879 he was with the California Minstrels. So you see Mr. Henshaw has qualified to become a permanent resident of “Monarchs of Minstrelsy.”

Wally Gibbs, a well-known black-face comedian, who was with the Megatherian Minstrels in 1879, died in Warwick, Mass., April 22, 1893.

Barney Fagan (Bernard J. Fagan) is justly recognized as the world’s greatest general dancer; as a producer, he ranks second to none.

Mr. Fagan made his first professional appearance in his native city at the famous Howard Athenaeum in 1860, as the Cabin Boy in the “Pilot of Brest.” He remained at this theatre several seasons. In 1865 he played his first minstrel engagement with the Morris Brothers in Boston. In 1870 Mr. Fagan went to St. Johns, N. B., and appeared with Pete Lee’s Minstrels.

In 1873 he joined Buckley’s Serenaders in Boston, and took Joe Parks as a partner; the next three years, Fagan and Parks, known as the American Lads, played variety engagements.

In 1876 he did the famous Heifer dance with Richard Golden in “Evangeline.” Mr. Fagan next joined John Fenton in a dancing specialty, and continued with him until 1878, when he formed a partnership with Lizzie Mulvey, which lasted one season.

Mr. Fagan in 1879 allied himself with Barlow, Wilson, Primrose and West’s Minstrels, and continued with them until the company’s dissolution in June, 1882; with this organization he was general producer and soloist.

Probably Mr. Fagan’s greatest achievement was in organizing and producing Sweatnam, Billy Rice and Fagan’s Minstrels, which gave their first performance at Albany, N. Y., July 25, 1887; this was the largest minstrel company that had ever traveled; 105 persons on parade; 88 in the regular company; incidentally that show was just twenty-three years ahead of its time; in other words, Sweatnam, Rice and Fagan’s minstrels are about due again.

Subsequently Mr. Fagan was with Thatcher, Primrose and West; Barlow, Wilson and Rankin’s; and Cleveland’s Minstrels; with the latter organization sitting on the opposite end to Luke Schoolcraft.

Outside of minstrelsy Mr. Fagan has appeared successfully in white-face in such plays as “Paradise Alley,” and his own company, “A High Roller,” the latter in 1890.

Some notable marches were the “West Point Cadets”; the “Phantom Guards” and “The Dance of the Popinjays”; the latter being one of the cleverest conceits ever seen in minstrelsy.

Mr. Fagan was general producer for Corinne for several seasons, also with other notable companies.

As a song writer he is no less prominent; “Everybody Takes Their Hat Off to Me,” and “A High Born Lady,” each enjoyed great popularity.

SIG. RAFAELLE ABECCO	CHAS. HENRY	CHAS. MELVILLE
CHAS. TEMPLETON	J. B. MURPHY	“JACK” HERMAN
GEO. GRAY	TOM PRENDERGAST	OTIS CARTER
CHAS. LOCKWOOD	TOM LESLIE	JOHN F. OBERIST
SINGERS OF THE 60’s.

Likewise did this versatile genius write some very clever plays, notably—“The Land of Fancy,” “The Game of Love” and several others. Mr. Fagan has been playing with Henrietta Byron, of the Byron Sisters, since 1895.

Barney Fagan was born in Boston, Mass., January 12, 1850.

“Eustache” (George Worrell Culbertson), until February, 1878, was known as George Robinson. He attained prominence as a female impersonator, and made his first appearance with Dan Shelby, at his variety house in Buffalo, N. Y.

His principal minstrel engagements were with Harry Robinson, and Cal. Wagner’s.

“Eustache” is said to be a native of Piqua, O.; he died at Buffalo, N. Y., April 30, 1884.

Will H. Morton (Bushman), well known as an able interlocutor and singer of motto songs, was one of the original members of Haverly’s Minstrels of 1873; subsequently he did sketches with “Bernardo.”

Mr. Morton was the husband of Lily Post, the favorite light opera singer.

Will H. Morton died in Pittsburgh, Pa., November 2, 1895.

Edwin Harley, a well-known vocalist of the old Haverly days, made his first appearance as a member of Maguire’s Minstrels in San Francisco, February 23, 1874. Mr. Harley is said to be comfortably situated in the railroad business in the great Northwest.

Eddid Foy (Fitzgerald), the “famed farceur with the funny face,” was a black-face song and dance man more than thirty years ago. He was of the team of Foy and Thompson; they began an engagement at Carncross’ Minstrels in Philadelphia, as late as January 22, 1883. This was before Mr. Foy had dark designs of donning the habiliments of Hamlet.

Harry Budworth (John B. Kearney) was well known as a capable comedian, and was associated with some of the best minstrel organizations.

His professional career began in the early 70’s, and ended shortly before his death, when he achieved considerable success appearing in vaudeville in Charles Horwitz’s “A Royal Visitor.”

Harry Budworth died in Philadelphia, April 2, 1901.

James H. Decker began his professional career in an executive capacity with Cooper and Bailey’s Circus in 1879, and continued with them for three seasons.

Minstrelsy first knew him also in 1879, when he was with Hooley and Emerson’s Megatherians. In 1881 he joined Sells Brothers Circus, and the following year was assistant agent with Leavitt’s Gigantean Minstrels.

In 1883 he returned to Sells Brothers, and continued with them three years. Mr. Decker was so highly esteemed by his associates, that in November, 1883, they presented him with a gold watch charm.

At the conclusion of the circus season in 1886, Mr. Decker finally decided to cast his lot with minstrelsy. Accordingly on December 20, 1886, he joined McNish, Johnson and Slavin’s Minstrels as general agent; he continued with this company until the end of the following season, when he joined Thatcher, Primrose and West’s Minstrels; subsequently he was with Primrose and West’s Company, severing his connection with them December 21, 1889.

His next engagement was with George Thatcher’s Company, and in 1892, in conjunction with Al. Primrose, formed Decker Brothers Minstrels. Since then he has been identified in a managerial capacity successively with Primrose and West’s; Primrose and Dockstader’s; Primrose’s, and lastly Dockstader’s Minstrels.

At the present time he is General Manager of the booking department of the Shubert theatrical forces.

Mr. Decker, who is an indefatigable worker, can see nothing in minstrelsy except that which he is identified with at that precise moment, and like most successful men, has enemies galore.

James H. Decker was born in Albany, N. Y. See records for exact date.

Charles M. Ernest (McClenehan) was an extraordinary brilliant black-face performer, and as a straight man in acts was especially clever.

He was prominently identified with William H. West’s Minstrels in the late 90’s, and at one time was a partner of Tom Lewis.

Shortly previous to his death, in conjunction with George Thatcher, he gave a mythical minstrel first part scene in vaudeville with pronounced success.

He was once the husband of Cora Beckwith, the well-known swimmer.

Charles M. Ernest was born in Jackson, Tenn.; he died in Harrison, N. Y., May 21, 1907.

Fred Frear joined Moore and Burgess’ Minstrels in London, England, at the age of seven years as a ballad singer; later he developed into a fine song and dance performer and female impersonator. He was with that company for fourteen years.

He died in London, England, August 12, 1889; age 25 years.

Sharpley and West, the well known black-face musical act, made their appearance as a team in Hoboken, N. J., about 1878, and continued until the death of the former; during which period they played the best variety houses and organizations.

Previous to forming a partnership with Fred. Sharpley, Mr. West had been associated with Charley Hanson, whom he joined in 1872.

Later he did an act with Sam Dearin, the latter was then known as Billy Bryant.

Mr. West subsequently joined Fred Bryant, and as Bryant and West were associated about three years; then came Sharpley and West.

Fred Sharpley was born in Montreal, Canada, January 17, 1856; he died in Chicago, Ill., March 23, 1888.

Charley West was born in New York City, June 18, 1850.

Archie Baldwin (Stockmar), famous as one of the team of Baldwin and Daly, whose “Happy Hottentots” was one of the best black-face acts on the variety stage, died in Havana, Cuba, January 7, 1900; age 47 years.

Harry Lansing (Zebley) an old-time female impersonator, was with Simmons and Slocum’s Minstrels in Philadelphia in 1874; in 1879 he was with Haverly’s Minstrels.

About the middle 80’s he had as a partner, Harry Constantine; together they played the variety theatres.

Harry Lansing died (murdered) in Philadelphia, February, 1887.

Nolan Kelly, of the black-face song and dance team of Sarony, Waters and Kelly, also Waters and Kelly, died in London, England, April 15, 1893.

Wm. H. Bryant (O’Brien), a nephew of Dan, Neil, Jerry and William T. Bryant, and the son of a father who was a non-professional, played with Neil Bryant’s Minstrels in 1878; he was a comedian.

He died in Portland, Me., April 29, 1890; age 38 years.

Emil Ames. This clever performer was of diminutive stature, and a good comedian. He was with Jerry Thomas’ Minstrels in 1878, and with Haverly in Chicago a few years later, also other prominent organizations.

Emil Ames died in Chicago, Ill., March 3, 1892.

Billy Richardson won fame as a stump speaker, but was likewise a good end man, or corner man, as they call them in England, where Mr. Richardson’s professional career was chiefly spent as a member of Sam Hague’s Minstrels. He came to the United States with the latter organization, and made his first New York appearance January 2, 1882.

The following year he was with Haverly’s Minstrels; subsequently he returned to his native land.

He married Miss Mary O’Hagan, May 17, 1871.

Billy Richardson was born in England about fifty-five years ago, maybe sixty; we hope it is no worse.

The Devere Bros. joined hands about 1876, and up to the time of Tommy Devere’s death played the principal variety theatres; William Devere then joined Robert Wilson, appearing as Devere and Wilson; after a brief season William Devere joined George DeVere, and as the Devere Brothers continued until December 2, 1882, William Devere then taking the business management of the National Theatre in Hackensack, N. J.

William Devere (Bell) died in New York City, December 14, 1882.

Tommy Devere (Braun), died in New York City, April 2, 1880; age 24 years.

Charley Atkins, who has long since retired from active theatricals, and embarked in mercantile pursuits in New York City, was once the partner of Joe Fox, of Fox and Ward; this was in the late 60’s; though Mr. Atkins doesn’t look it.

SHER. CAMPBELL	J. K. CAMPBELL	J. C. (“POMP”) CAMPBELL
TOM WILLIAMS	DICK RALPH	HARRY ARMSTRONG
THE “CAMPBELLS ARE HERE,” ALSO TOM, DICK AND HARRY.

“Cincinnatus” (Michael O’Connor), one of the best neat song and dance men in minstrelsy, began life as a newsboy in Cincinnati. He was a regular attendant of Newcomb’s Minstrels in the Queen City; it was here that he first saw Billy Emerson, and at once became an ardent admirer of him. Young O’Connor attracted the attention of manager W. W. Newcomb, who gave him an opportunity to appear, which he did week of October 12, 1868, under his own name, as a jig dancer, but taking that of “Cincinnatus” in the songs and dances.

“Cincinnatus” made no secret of the fact that he imitated Emerson, which he did with great fidelity. He soon attained great popularity in the West. His next engagement was with Lewis and Murphy’s Minstrels, opening at St. Louis, July 24, 1869.

His first New York appearance was with Newcomb and Arlington’s Minstrels, April 17, 1871.

May 5, 1873, the “Cincinnatus” Minstrels took the road for a brief period, opening at Xenia, Ohio. April 15, 1878, he formed an alliance with John Hogan, and as Hogan and “Cincinnatus” they made their first appearance at the London Theatre, New York.

“Cincinnatus” died at Xenia, Ohio, April 25, 1882.

Booker and Canfield constituted one of the truly great song and dance teams of minstrelsy. Both performers were short in stature, and each began their careers in the circus business.

In 1871 they formed a partnership, doing an acrobatic song and dance, subsequently they went to South America with Chiarini’s Circus; returning to the United States they became members of Cal. Wagner’s Minstrels, where they were a sensation.

Their success was so great that several managers competed for their services; J. H. Haverly was the lucky bidder, and they joined his company in December, 1873, remaining five years at probably the highest salary ever given a song and dance team, viz: $300.00 per week, and 5 per cent. of the net profits, it is said.

Other prominent organizations they were associated with were—Emerson’s, in Chicago, Welch, Hughes and White in Brooklyn, and Moore and Burgess in London, England.

They are credited with being the first black-face team to play in Paris, France, where they sang “Moonlight in Cape May” in French; subsequently they played in Berlin, Hamburg, Vienna and Madrid, singing the same song in the language of the respective countries.

They also played engagements in India, China, Japan, Java and Australia.

Returning to this country in 1881, they organized their own company, and in May, 1882, the long partnership ceased.

Mr. Canfield was identified for many years with the famous Hoyt farces, and was co-star with George Richards in these plays for several seasons. His last engagement was with David Warfield in “The Auctioneer.” He was a brother of John Canfield, of the vaudeville team of Canfield and Carleton.

Harry Booker did an act with George A. Booker (Dingle), after leaving Mr. Canfield, and at the present time is in vaudeville.

Eugene Canfield (Francis Ramie Canfield), was born in Utica, N. Y., May 3, 1851; he died in New York City, May 4, 1904.

Harry Booker (M. H. Egan), was born near Bowling Green, Ky., July 28, 1850.

John Turner, a good song and dance performer, at various times was associated with Billy Lester and James Roche in black-face specialties; he was also of the team of Cummings and Turner.

He died at Kansas City, Mo., November 26, 1877; age 27 years.

The Barlow Brothers were one of the best-known song and dance teams in minstrelsy. In 1867 they were performing at the Bowery Theatre, New York City.

In 1871 they were with Morris Brothers Minstrels, closing February 3, 1872; in September, the following year, they joined Simmons and Slocum’s Minstrels in Philadelphia; they did a plantation song and dance turn there which they called “Quit Dat”: perhaps most of us picture that act. April 10, 1877, at Cynthiana, Ky., saw the first performance of Barlow Brothers Minstrels, an organization that toured the country for about fifteen years.

The Barlow Brothers were with Harrigan and Hart’s Company in 1882; their last joint minstrel engagement was with Ed. Bartlett’s California Minstrels, November and December, 1898.

The following season brother Bill put in at Dumont’s Minstrels in Philadelphia, where he did an act with that “prince of pianists,” Tom Waters.

James Barlow (Arthur), was born at Mount Savanage, Md.; he died at Roscoe, Pa., August 4, 1900; age 51 years.

William Barlow (Arthur), is at present in retirement in Pittsburgh, Pa.

Billy Arnold (Wm. Henry Garrett Arnold) made his first appearance at the Louisville, Kentucky Opera House, doing a sand jig dance at the tender age of eight years, and says he has been dancing ever since—with occasional interruptions for food and sleep.

About 1865 he doubled with his brother Amos, doing songs and dances; and in 1873, the alliance was further strengthened by the addition of the youngest brother, Frank, being known as the Three Arnold Brothers; Eugene Stratton became the fourth “brother” a few years later, and together they played the principal variety companies of the country.

The three Arnolds were with the original Haverly’s Mastodons at the opening at the Adelphi Theatre, Chicago, October 21, 1878; later Billy Arnold’s own minstrels took the road, and he has been with several prominent organizations since, notably Hooley’s Minstrels in 1881, and Billy Rice and Hooley’s Minstrels in 1882.

Billy Arnold is best known to the public as a great tambourine manipulator, and was the acknowledged champion as early as 1877; his feat of spinning two tambourines at one time was invariably encored during the overture on the first part.

Some years ago Mr. Arnold married Lida Gardner, daughter of the famous Dan Gardner. Both are actively engaged in their profession.

Billy Arnold was born in Louisville, Ky., July 10, 1850.

Amos D. Arnold began as a black-face performer with his brother Billy, singing “Sally Come Up” at the age of ten; most of his career was in conjunction with his two brothers.

He was born in Louisville, Ky., February 28, 1855; died at San Francisco, Cal., March 16, 1886.

Frank Arnold (Francisco Virello Fortinetti Arnold) could dance from the time he reached his seventh year. His first professional appearance in conjunction with his two brothers was made at Mortimer’s Varieties (the present National Theatre), Philadelphia, in “The Old Man’s Drunk Again,” a well-known vehicle for many prominent black-face performers; this was in 1873, and with his brothers they likewise met with great success. In 1875 the three brothers played an engagement of seven months at 585 Broadway, New York City.

Frank Arnold was born in Louisville, Ky., June 28, 1858; he died at Denver, Colo., January 22, 1892.

Lewis H. Davis made his first appearance about 1867 with the late Richard Golden, doing black-face songs and dances; they were billed as Masters Lew and Dick. Their first engagement was with Wheeler’s International Circus, following this they were with Smith, Davenport and Golden’s Variety Company. Early in 1868 Allie’s Mexican Knife Throwers Company claimed their services, and part of the season of 1869-70 they played an engagement with Sam Sharpley’s Minstrels. Later with Golden he joined and did songs and dances with Bob Birdue.

After this and until his untimely death, which occurred in the dressing-room just prior to the performance, he was associated with Billy Chace, and as Chace and Davis they played the principal variety houses of the country, also an engagement with Sweet and Thornton’s Lady Minstrels, in the Spring of 1875.

Lewis H. Davis was born in Bangor, Me.; he died (suicide) at St. Johns, N. B., August 3, 1878.

Billy Barry, one of the funniest Irish comedians our stage has ever known, did black-face business for many years before “McKenna’s Flirtation” with Mary Ellen Ryan.

He was with Haverly’s Minstrels in 1868, leaving that organization on December 8, that year.

September 12, 1870, he opened with Welch, Hughes and White’s Minstrels in Brooklyn, N. Y., being billed as the “Great Western Comedian,” subsequently he played an engagement with Simmons and Slocum’s Minstrels in Philadelphia. And for several seasons at Pastor’s Theatre in New York City, he played black-face parts in the stock.

Mr. Barry was married to Miss Fanny Fordham, and at the time of his death was survived by seven children—Lydia, Emma, Clara, Robert, Frank, Charles and William J.

Billy Barry was born in Ireland; he died in Brooklyn, N. Y., April 15, 1898; age 48 years.

Billy Diamond (Bates), a good general performer, was connected with several of the older minstrel organizations, notably the Morris Brothers, with whom he made his first appearance in his native city at the age of 10.

In 1881 he married Minnie Blaich, at Newark, N. J.

He died at Boston, Mass., January 14, 1893.

“PONY” MOORE	EPH. HORN	FRED. WILSON (The oldest living minstrel)	LEW. BENEDICT	DAN. BRYANT
“GENTLEMEN, BE SEATED.”

Bobby McGown was a first-class clog dancer, and was the first partner of George Primrose, whom he joined in E. Saginaw, Mich., about 1870. With Primrose he played the variety houses, and an engagement with O’Brien’s Circus.

He died (drowned), at Holyoke, Mass., August 22, 1875.

Archie White (Moak), known to patrons of minstrelsy for over forty years, began his professional career in the late 60’s, and early took as a partner, Frank White, of Auburn, N. Y., with whom he did double songs and dances; later they formed an amateur minstrel show, visiting nearby towns. His first regular engagement was with the Park Theatre Company of Brooklyn, N. Y.; it lasted one consecutive week.

In 1870 he became a member of Blaisdell Brothers and Courtright’s Minstrels, opening at Portage City, Wis.; it was with this company that chance gave him an opportunity to do an “end”; and he did it well; this engagement lasted thirteen months. Next came a series of variety engagements. In 1873 he became a “member” of the famous Peak Family of Bell Ringers, doing a genteel song and dance.

His next prominent engagement was with Harry Robinson’s Minstrels; with this company he formed a partnership with the late Charles T. Ellis, of “Casper, the Yodler” fame. After this Mr. White played variety theatres for two years, then a short trip with one of Haverly’s Minstrel companies.

After Lew Benedict withdrew from the Duprez and Benedict organization, Mr. Duprez, who continued to use the trade-mark, chose Mr. White as his late partner’s successor; he joined the company at Scranton, Pa., September 17, 1877, and remained eight years.

Of late years Mr. White has been successful in rural drama, appearing in the plays “Joshua Simpkins” and “Uncle Josh, in Chinatown.”

At the present time he is actively engaged in vaudeville, giving his old darky delineations, of which he is a master.

In the early minstrel days Mr. White ranked high as a tambourine manipulator.

Archie White was born in Cherry Valley, N. Y., January 20, 1850.

Press Eldredge (Preston W. Eldredge), whose sobriquet of “The Commander-in-Chief of the Army of Fun” is known wherever the vaudeville language is spoken, began his stage career at the New Bowery Theatre in 1863, at a benefit for J. W. Lingard; his offering was “Johnny Schmoker,” in Dutch dialect.

His black-face career dates from 1876, at which time he entered the variety business, doing a monologue successfully for two years. In 1878 he made his first minstrel appearance with Harry Bloodgood’s Minstrels, doing an “end,” and as comedian, the tour was a brief one, and returning to New York he resumed his variety engagements until 1880, when he joined Snellbaker and Benton’s Majestic Consolidation, under canvas. In 1881 he opened the American Theatre, New Haven, Conn., as a variety house, remaining until January, 1886, when he went to Koster & Bial’s, 23rd Street Music Hall, New York City, as stage manager and producer. In November, the same year, he made his initial bow at Carncross’ Minstrels in Philadelphia, and continued there until April, 1891, at which time he went to Moore and Burgess’ Minstrels in London, England, and played a year’s engagement. In May, 1892, he joined Haverly’s Home Minstrels in Chicago, and stayed there until the company went on tour in November, 1893.

Then came a riotous round of vaudeville, solid until 1906, when Al. G. Field showed him a handsome parade suit and the diagram of the Field private car—and something else and—well, the season of 1906—and 1907, saw Mr. Eldridge back among 11.45 boys for a period of about ten months; since then, vaudeville. Mr. Eldridge was married some years ago to Louise Sanford, from whom he subsequently separated.

Press Eldredge was born in Philadelphia; guess when.

George Horn, was sometimes called “Eph. Horn, Jr.” He was a comedian and very well known in Philadelphia, where he died June 28, 1904.

Burt Shepard, recognized as a clever female impersonator in his early career, commenced professionally with Haverly’s New Orleans Minstrels about 1874, and continued with them three years. In 1878 he became a member of Sweatnam’s Minstrels in Philadelphia, and at the close of the season joined Billy Emerson and the Big 4 Minstrels; season of 1879 and 1880 was spent with Carncross’ Minstrels in Philadelphia; he then joined the Thatcher, Primrose and West Company, and was with them practically from their inception to their dissolution; later he was identified with Thatcher and Rich and Harris’ “Tuxedo” for two seasons.

1892-93 saw Shepard and Billy Rice’s Minstrels, while a year later Burt Shepard’s Modern Minstrels took the field.

In 1895 Mr. Shepard was with Cleveland’s Minstrels, where he officiated in the middle, in addition to doing a black-face specialty; season of 1896-97 was devoted to vaudeville. In 1897 he went to England, and subsequently to Paris, South Africa and Australia, all the time meeting with unqualified success with his monologue and parodies at the piano.

Burt Shepard was born; of that I am sure, but just when or where, he neglected to state.

Fred B. Malcolm, the “male soprano,” and an exceedingly clever one, was a protege of the late Jessie Bartlett Davis, and acquired his early musical education from E. L. Bartlett, father of Mrs. Davis.

His professional career began with the Bartlett Sister’s Concert Company, which was brought to a sudden termination by the death of Miss Arabella Bartlett. Two years were then spent in variety theatres.

His first appearance in female make-up was at the Queen’s Theatre, Toronto, Canada. Later he was engaged by J. H. Haverly for the latter’s new “Mastodons,” with whom he played for three seasons; after the consolidation of the two companies (Haverly’s), Mr. Malcolm continued with Mr. Haverly for nine months; a record of which to be proud.

An engagement of three years with Billy Emerson’s Minstrels in San Francisco followed; during this time Mr. Malcolm was away from the company but four weeks.

A return engagement with Haverly, opening at the Drury Lane Theatre, London, England, May 31, 1884, and continuing as a member of that organization for one year, followed. Returning to America, Mr. Malcolm remained with Mr. Haverly until the latter sold out to W. S. Cleveland. He became a member of McNish, Johnson and Slavin’s Minstrels in 1886, and continued with them until the dissolution of the organization, about May, 1888; subsequently joining Johnson and Slavin’s Minstrels.

Since that time Mr. Malcolm did concert work chiefly. In his early career he did a specialty in the leading variety theatres with the late Arthur Doty.

Fred B. Malcolm was born near Morris, Ill.; he died in Chicago, Ill., April 3, 1910.

Frank H. White began his professional career as a member of the Aeolian Quartette in his native city in 1871, and continued with them for seven years.

He married in 1879, and as Frank H. and Lillian White they played variety engagements until about 1891, when they separated.

He played black-face parts in dramatic companies for a while, and about fifteen or eighteen years ago was with Lew Dockstader’s Minstrels.

A few years ago he joined Lew Simmons in an old-time black-face act, with whom he is still associated.

Mr. White is a great delineator of the scary coon.

Frank H. White was born in Newark, N. J.

Richard Magee, Jr., well known as a vocalist in Philadelphia, joined Simmons and Slocum’s Minstrels in that city late in December, 1872, terminating his engagement April 5, 1873.

He died February 27, 1880.

“Memphis” Kennedy, a well-known black-face performer, who did a unique musical act, was with Lew Dockstader’s Minstrels about 1893, also other well-known companies.

He was drowned near Hannibal Mo., October 12, 1907.

Bob Height, the well-known colored comedian, who was a favorite with Sam Hague’s Minstrels in Liverpool, England, in the middle 70’s died in Manchester, England, September 8, 1881.

Burton Stanley was famous for his female impersonations. In 1875 he was with Haverly’s Minstrels; September 2, 1879, he joined a dramatic organization in “Larks,” and a few months later was traveling with Stanley’s Juvenile Company. August 24, 1881, he opened with Brooks, Dickson and Clapham’s Minstrels; the tour was a brief one and in November following, Mr. Stanley joined Leavitt’s Minstrels. His next important engagement was with Emerson’s Minstrels in San Francisco; here he met Gus Pixley, later forming an alliance, playing the variety houses for several seasons. Mr. Stanley retired from the profession some years ago, and is now a prosperous boniface in the West.

Harry (Jas. H.) Armstrong or “Handsome Harry” (see [portrait]) as he was known, began his professional career about forty years ago, and only a short time later launched Armstrong’s Constellation Variety Troupe and Female Minstrels.

W. W. BLACK	CHAS. T. WHITE
JOHN J. BLUE	BILLY GRAY
JOE. BROWN	JNO. E. GREEN
HOW’S THIS FOR A COLOR SCHEME?

In 1874 he was with Harry Robinson’s Minstrels and the following year with one of Leavitt’s attractions.

In the fall of 1879 he joined the Big Four Minstrels, and in 1881 became a member of Leavitt’s Minstrels. 1882 saw him with Courtright and Hawkin’s Minstrels in Philadelphia, and the following season he was with Haverly’s Minstrels.

Mr. Armstrong joined Sweatnam, Rice and Fagan’s Minstrels in 1887 for the season; in 1892 he was again with Haverly at the latter’s permanent home of minstrelsy in Chicago; at this house he did acts with Harry Constantine, the female impersonator.

Harry Armstrong was born at Wilmington, Del., April 3, 1850.

Harry Shirley, a well-known singer, who was with Emerson’s Minstrels in San Francisco in 1881, also other prominent companies, died in Los Angeles, Cal., September 22, 1889.

Otis Bowers, of the old minstrel firm of “Beach and Bowers” Minstrels, when last heard of was a contented resident of Maquoketa, Iowa.

After six months of constant practice, the author is able to spell and pronounce properly the name of the thriving little town in the state that produced Bert Leslie.

Harry Shay (Shea) was a well known and capable black-face comedian and general performer. He had been associated with many of the prominent variety theatres as stock comedian, and was especially a favorite in Paterson, N. J., where he died, November 4, 1886.

Hurley and Marr, famous for many years in their black-face songs and dances, formed a partnership about 1869; they appeared with Hooley’s Minstrels in Brooklyn, N. Y., in December of that year.

Subsequently they played successful engagements with Hooley in Chicago in the Fall of 1872, leaving Hooley to join Arlington, Cotton and Kemble’s Minstrels, in the same city.

They also appeared with Bryant’s in New York, and Simmons and Slocum in Philadelphia.

Mr. Marr later separated from Hurley, and for about ten years worked with his brother John, as the Marr Brothers.

J. Hurley died in New York, July 22, 1886.

Billy Marr was born in New York; he died in Brooklyn, N. Y., December 13, 1892; age 40 years.

James Holly, of the once well-known and favorite black-face song and dance team of Homer and Holly, died in Memphis, Tenn., January 17, 1891; age 40 years.

Carroll Johnson (James Carroll) is one of the foremost living minstrels, and is justly entitled to the appellation “Beau Brummell” of minstrelsy; his costumes and acting as the dandy darky, making him a likely prototype in black of that famous personage.

Mr. Johnson’s theatrical career began at the Bowery Theatre in New York, about 1866, doing a singing and dancing specialty.

He played the usual variety engagements until November 1, 1869, on which date he joined Newcomb’s Minstrels in Washington, D. C. The following year, September 5, he formed a partnership with George Powers, doing a high kicking song and dance, starting with Hooley’s Minstrels in Brooklyn, N. Y.; when that company opened in Chicago, January 2, 1871, Mr. Johnson was with them, and continued for several months.

August 26, 1872, he opened with Birch, Wambold and Backus’ Minstrels in New York, and except during the season of 1874-75, when he was with Carncross and Dixey’s Minstrels in Philadelphia, he was with them until 1882.

In the Summer of 1880 he played a brief engagement with Moore and Burgess’ Minstrels in London, England. Subsequently he played engagements with Courtright and Hawkin’s Minstrels, in Philadelphia; Emerson’s, in San Francisco, and Haverly’s in Chicago; it was here in the Summer of 1883 that Johnson and Powers dissolved partnership. Mr. Johnson later played with Haverly, in Europe, after which he returned to America, and with Charley Reed gave a fine minstrel performance in San Francisco, opening August, 1884, and remaining until July following.

On July 30, 1885, he became one of the proprietors of McNish, Johnson and Slavin’s Minstrels, opening on that date at Paterson, N. J.; the organization was in existence for three seasons. Johnson and Slavin’s Minstrels took the road in 1888; the partnership was dissolved in June, 1889.

September 9, following, Mr. Johnson began a starring tour in white face, appearing in “The Fairy’s Well”; he was with this company two seasons, and the next two years in “The Gossoon,” and the “Irish Statesman” respectively.

In 1893 with George Thatcher he organized, and conducted, for two years Thatcher and Johnson’s 20th Century Minstrels.

Three years in vaudeville in black and white face was followed by an engagement with the William H. West Company of the Primrose and West’s Minstrels, there being two companies of that name season of 1897-98.

Mr. Johnson joined West’s Minstrels in 1898, and continued until 1900; then three more years of vaudeville, followed by two and a half years with Lew Dockstader’s Minstrels.

He was with Dumont’s Minstrels in Philadelphia, season 1909-10. August 3, 1910, he began an engagement with Lew Dockstader’s Minstrels for the season.

Mr. Johnson was married in Boston, Mass., June 15, 1871, and lived happily ever after.

Carroll Johnson was born in Carlingford, Ireland, December 16, 1851.

Tommy Granger, the “Prince Jockey” as he was sometimes called, from the fact that his entrance on the stage was made on a coal black steed arrayed in Tod Sloan habiliments (Granger, not the horse) began “acting up” in 1861, doing a black-face song and dance at an exceedingly tender age, and in black face; this was in Buffalo; “Root Hog or Die” was the song used on this auspicious occasion.

But it was as a dancer that Mr. Granger gained fame; and his “Raffle for an Eight Day Stove,” is recalled by many a theatre goer of 30 years ago. His first minstrel engagement was with W. W. Newcomb in 1865; subsequently he allied himself with such well-known companies as Simmons and Slocum’s in Philadelphia; Thatcher, Primrose and West’s and the “California” Minstrels; his last engagement with a minstrel company was with the Barlow Brothers.

Tom Granger’s Georgia Minstrels in 1878 didn’t conflict with Haverly’s Mastodons of the same year.

Tommy Granger was born in Kingston, Canada, August 9, 1851.

John McVickar (Harrington), one of the original “Bay State Boys,” who did a good clog dancing act, made his first appearance as a member of that quartette at the old Howard in Boston, Mass., September 13, 1869. They played with the Morris Brother’s Minstrels, also with Dougherty, Wild, Barney and Mac’s Minstrels in the Hub.

The four disbanded in 1871. About 1883 Mr. McVickar went to Lothrop’s Theatre in Boston, as manager, later going to the Howard, where he continued until about 1904.

John McVickar died in Boston, Mass., May 24, 1909.

Seamon S. Pettitt made his first professional appearance at the age of nine years.

His first partner was James Sharpley; subsequently with Tommy Moore they worked as Masters Tommy and Willie. In 1871 Pettitt, Phillips and White formed an alliance which continued one year, after which Pettitt and White did a double song and dance until the death of Mr. Pettitt.

He had been with Skiff and Gaylord’s Minstrels and other well known companies. During the Summer season he acted as singing clown in the circus.

Mr. Pettitt was born October 6, 1851; he died at Taylorsville, Pa., August 10, 1880.

Tommy Winnett made his first appearance in 1864 at the Canterbury Music Hall. In 1866 he formed a partnership with Charley Holly, and as Winnett and Holly they continued until July 10, 1868.

Mr. Winnett has been associated with the following well-known minstrel companies—“Campbell’s”; Sam Sanford’s; Kunkel’s “Nightingale’s”; Skiff and Gaylord’s; Hooley’s, in Brooklyn, and Welch, Hughes and White, same city.

Mr. Winnett won a medal in Mobile, Ala., for his dancing, and a silver cup in Memphis, Tenn.

For twenty-five years he traveled with his wife, as Tom and Lottie Winnett. His last professional appearance was in Chicago, at the Olympic Theatre, in 1898.

Tommy Winnett was born in New York, May 25, 1851.

The Gorman Brothers, or the three Gorman boys, as they are invariably spoken of, are synonymous with all that is best in minstrelsy; for these gentlemen had the schooling on the variety and minstrel stage that the present generation of performers never may hope to attain.

TOMMY GETTINGS	DICK SLITER	BILLY ALLEN
MIKE KANANE	BOBBY NEWCOMB	BILLY SHEPPARD
WASH. NORTON	TIM. HAYES	WALLY THOMAS
DAISY DANCERS OF MANY DECADES.

Gifted with natural talents that place them on the highest plane in their profession, they used these to the best advantage, and thus hold the enviable positions they occupy to-day.

James Gorman, or “Jim” as we all love to call him, was the first of the trio to make his professional entrée, which he did with Hooley’s Minstrels in the Williamsburg section of Brooklyn, N. Y.; the theatre is now known as the Novelty; the date, February, 1869.

Mr. Gorman’s salary was seventy-five cents per night, most of which he has since squandered.

In 1872 brother John joined brother Jim, and as the Gorman Brothers made their first joint appearance at the Bowery Theatre, in New York.

Three years later little Georgie joined his brothers, then and there creating a trade-mark which subsequently became prominent all over the country.

Several years were spent in the principal variety houses, and on October 21, 1878, at the Adelphi Theatre in Chicago, they made their appearance with the newly organized Haverly’s Mastodon Minstrels, at the initial performance of that famous organization.

The brothers continued with Haverly mostly until 1883, when in conjunction with Gorton’s Minstrels, Gorman Bros.’ Royal Pantomime Company toured the country for several months.

In the Summer of 1884 they rejoined Haverly at the Drury Lane Theatre, London, England, playing there ten weeks; after which they made a tour of the provinces, and returned to the United States, opening in Cincinnati, Ohio, at Heuck’s Opera House, March 18, 1885.

They remained under the Haverly banner until they organized their own company, the Gorman Bros.’ Minstrels, giving their first performance August 24, 1887; they continued as an organization for six consecutive seasons.

In 1893 they played with Primrose and West’s “Monte Carlo” Company. The “boys” next appeared with the “Gilhooley’s Abroad,” as the vehicle for their talents; they continued with this for three seasons.

Subsequently they produced “Mr. Beane, from Boston,” which ran for two seasons.

In August, 1906, the Gorman Brother’s Minstrels again took the field, but owing to gross mismanagement, did not continue as long as the artistic merits of the organization justified it in doing. As a production, this company was an event in minstrelsy.

We are wont to speak of the Gormans as dancers; and of James, as a producer; but the versatility of these “youths” know no bounds.

John and George are comedians of high degree, as attested by their success with Marie Dressler, in “Tillie’s Nightmare” at the Herald Square Theatre, New York, during the Summer of 1910; and they have many other successes to their credit.

George Gorman is conceded to be one of the world’s greatest dancers. And John, the altitudinous one, excels as a character comedian. Such in brief, are the careers of the “Gentlemanly Gormans.”

James Gorman was born in New York City, August 23, 1852.

John Gorman was born in New York City, November 4, 1855.

George Gorman was born in New York City, December 16, 1864.

Wm. F. Holmes, the favorite baritone vocalist, began his professional career at an early age with the Caroline Richings Troupe.

He was with several prominent minstrel companies, notably Thatcher and Ryman in Philadelphia in 1881, and McNish, Johnson and Slavin’s, with whom he was at the time of his death in Boston, Mass., December 10, 1886. He was 34 years of age.

Charles Brickwood (Brickett), well known as a comedian and banjoist, entered the profession about 1875. He had been successfully identified with the minstrel companies of Whitmore and Clark’s; I. W. Baird’s and George Irving’s California Minstrels. In 1878 he was with Washburn’s Last Sensation.

For several years he had played Uncle Tom in a most acceptable manner; he had likewise played Marks, also in “Uncle Tom’s Cabin.” Mr. Brickwood was a brother of the late Mayor of Haverhill, Mass., and a man of unusual intelligence. Charles Brickwood died at Haverhill, Mass., October 22, 1900; age 48 years.

Everett Weslyn joined Frank Casey about 1872 in a musical act, and continued with him until his (Weslyn’s) death.

He was with Carncross and Dixey’s Minstrels in Philadelphia, in 1877; subsequently with Haverly’s Mastodons.

He died in St. Louis, Mo., November 8, 1879; age 27 years.

Fox and Ward—To Fox and Ward belong the enviable distinction of having existed as partners (perhaps we should say theatrical associates), for a longer period than that of any other team; active partners is the term meant. Their initial joint appearance was in Cincinnati in 1868.

Early in 1870 they played their first minstrel engagement with Dan Shelby’s Company, and the same year they joined Duprez and Benedict’s Minstrels, and were features of this famous organization until 1879, when they joined Barlow, Wilson, Primrose and West’s Minstrels.

Subsequently they were with the Skiff and Gaylord Company, and in September, 1882, Fox and Ward’s Minstrels made their first appearance.

In 1884 they were members of Haverly’s Minstrels.

In 1886 they played with Lester and Allen’s Minstrels, and two years later returned to Haverly.

In 1890 they traveled with George Arlington’s Minstrels.

Fox and Ward eschewed minstrelsy for several years, when in 1897 they played their third engagement with Haverly.

Again deserting their burnt cork friends, they played vaudeville and combination dates for a few seasons. They joined Dumont’s Minstrels in Philadelphia in 1905, and the major portion of the intervening time has been since spent with that notable organization.

Joseph Fox (Monahan), was born in Ogdensburg, N. Y., May 7, 1852.

William H. Ward (Marvin Morton Mallison), was born in Canandaigua, N. Y., September 17, 1852.

---

Did it ever occur to you that of the many minstrel companies of the past in which two or more headed the organization, the last named member of the alliance was the first to pass away?

For example, Skiff and Gaylord; Low. Gaylord was the first to die—there are about thirty other such instances.

---

George H. Primrose (Delaney), in addition to being one of the most graceful dancers in the profession, is concededly one of its best business men; a rare combination in theatrical history.

Mr. Primrose’s career began about 1867 in Detroit, Mich., with McFarland’s Minstrels, at which time he was billed as Master Georgie, the infant clog dancer; subsequently he joined the New Orleans Minstrels.

In the Summer of 1871 he went to Smith’s Opera House, Saginaw, Mich.; here he met and formed a partnership with Bobby McGown, and shortly afterwards they joined O’Brien’s Circus, where they performed a double clog in the concert; at the end of the tent season, Primrose and McGown dissolved partnership, and Mr. Primrose went with Skiff and Gaylord’s Minstrels; it was here he first met William H. West; late in 1871. A few months later they formed a partnership that continued about thirty years.

About May 1, 1873, Mr. Primrose and his new partner joined O’Brien’s Circus, again playing in the concerts; a little later they played their first joint minstrel engagement with Simmons and Slocum in Philadelphia, closing with them in the Spring of 1874. That same year, November 20, they made their initial appearance with Haverly’s Minstrels in Brooklyn, N. Y.; continuing with them until June 14, 1877; two months later Barlow, Wilson, Primrose and West’s Minstrels gave their first performance; this was a grand organization; it continued until the Summer of 1882.

In conjunction with George Thatcher, Mr. Primrose and his partner organized Thatcher, Primrose and West’s Minstrels at Elmira, N. Y., August 3, 1882; this alliance was dissolved at the conclusion of the season of 1888-89. In the Summer of 1889, Primrose and West’s Minstrels made their initial bow and continued as an organization until April 30, 1898, when at Milwaukee, Wis., the long partnership that existed between Primrose and West dissolved.

Season of 1897-98, Mr. Primrose headed one minstrel company, while Mr. West piloted another; both companies being under their joint management.

Beginning in 1898, and continuing until the Spring of 1903, Mr. Primrose and Lew Dockstader joined forces, and Primrose and Dockstader’s company was the premier minstrel organization until the Spring of 1903.

Since that period Mr. Primrose has headed his own organization, with an occasional season in vaudeville.

On August 2, 1879, Mr. Primrose married Miss Emma Catlin, at Buffalo, N. Y. The first Mrs. Primrose died some years ago. On April 24, 1904, he married Miss Esther Nerney, at Mount Vernon, N. Y.

George H. Primrose was born in London, Canada, November 12, 1852.

J. Marcus Doyle, the accomplished dancer, producer and comedian, made his first appearance at a concert hall in Buffalo, N. Y., as boy, in the middle 60’s, subsequently joining a circus, and later forming one of the team of Baker and Doyle.

BILLY EMERSON	WM. HENRY RICE (1870)	BILLY MANNING
SHINING LIGHTS OF MINSTRELSY.

His best work was done in minstrelsy, and he was identified with such organizations as Barlow, Wilson, Primrose and West’s; Hi Henry’s; Cleveland’s and Barlow Brothers.

About 1896 he joined the May Russell Burlesque Company.

J. Marcus Doyle was born in Elyria, Ohio; he died in Buffalo, N. Y., December 23, 1899; age 47 years.

Harry Woodson (John Archer Shields), considered by many as the greatest delineator of the “aged darky” that the stage ever knew, began his professional career as an amateur in his native city. His first professional engagement was with the Buckley and Morris Minstrels singing in character “Old Black Joe.”

September 2, 1878, he began an engagement at Carncross’ Minstrels in Philadelphia, and in the Spring of 1881 he played another engagement in the same city with Thatcher & Ryman’s Minstrels. Commencing in 1880 he was one of the proprietors of Woodson and Allen’s Minstrels, which made tours off and on until October 28, 1883, when the last performance was given at Cynthiana, Ky. Season of 1886-87 he created the part of “Rufus,” the old negro in “Held by the Enemy.”

He married Miss Laura Bennett, a well-known star of the old variety days; they had one daughter.

Mr. Woodson’s singing of “That Old Gray Mule of Mine” was a classic.

His last engagement was with Cleveland’s Minstrels in 1891.

Harry Woodson was born in Richmond, Va., January 15, 1852; he died at Amityville, Long Island, N. Y., August 30, 1898.

W. S. Belknap, prominent as a bass singer with Haverly’s Mastodon Minstrels; Barlow, Wilson, Primrose and West’s and other minstrel organizations, died at Louisville, Ky., February 15, 1900; age 48 years.

Billy O’Day (Geo. F. Day), who excelled as a “rough wench,” commenced “acting up” late in 1871 at Frank Wild’s Varieties in Buffalo, N. Y.; remained one year at $12 per — not $12.00 per year; but perhaps you have guessed it.

Afterwards he was with Shay’s Quinciplexal Minstrels, and joined Billy Wild; known as O’Day and Wild, the “Ebony Kings,” the partnership continued two years. He then played variety engagements, and was three years at Harry Enoch’s in Philadelphia.

In 1890 O’Day and Jerry Cunningham were partners, and remained so for one year. Mr. O’Day has since that time played white- and black-face characters in several prominent dramatic organizations, including Rufus, in “Held by the Enemy” and Decatur in “Alabama,” not forgetting Uncle Tom in the latter’s Cabin.

I most forgot to say that about 1873 Mr. O’Day appeared as “Master Willie” with the San Francisco Minstrels in New York, and sang “There’s A Letter In The Candle.”

Mr. O’Day was married at Johnstown, Pa., October 13, 1892, to Miss Mary Eagel, a non-professional.

Billy O’Day was born April 1, 1852, in Brooklyn, N. Y.; that’s no joke.

The Reynolds Brothers were a well-known and popular song and dance team. As early as 1865 as the “Utica Boys” they were with Burgess, Prendergast, Hughes and Donniker’s Minstrels; the year following with Burgess and La Rue’s Minstrels.

They joined M. C. Campbell’s company in 1867, and subsequently appeared with Emerson and Manning’s; Emerson’s, and Arlington, Cotton and Kemble’s Minstrels; the latter in 1872. After the death of his brother Charles, George Reynolds appeared for a short time with Charley Cogill as Cogill and Reynolds.

Charles Reynolds was born in Utica, N. Y., in 1852; he died in San Francisco, Cal., January 7, 1878. George Reynolds died in New York City, March 4, 1895.

Tommy Turner (Trainor) was one of the Three Turner Brothers, and well known as a banjoist.

He was the husband of Lulu Francis, and had been in the profession about ten years prior to his death, which occurred in Leadville, Colo., May 31, 1879, at the age of 25 years. Mr. Turner was born in New York, September 29, 1854.

Fred Walz, during his comparatively brief career as a vocalist in minstrelsy, achieved distinction that has often been denied those of more mature years.

His first professional engagement was with Newcomb and Arlington’s Minstrels in 1871. In 1872 he was with Moran and Dixey’s Minstrels in Philadelphia, and subsequently with Frank Moran’s Minstrels.

In 1873 he joined Simmons and Slocum’s Minstrels for the season, also in the Quaker City. August 31, 1874, he became a member of Bryant’s Minstrels in New York, and continued with them until the death of Dan Bryant, April 10, 1875, when he almost immediately joined Emerson’s California Minstrels in Chicago, and continued with them several weeks.

Subsequently he became a member of Carncross and Dixey’s, and later Carncross’ Minstrels in Philadelphia, where he remained until his death.

Fred Walz was born in Philadelphia about 1852; he died there September 7, 1884.

James H. Cummings was one of minstrelsy’s best dancers. He formed a partnership with John P. Hogan late in 1871, and played an engagement at Moran and Dixey’s Minstrels in Philadelphia, terminating about February 1, 1872.

Later his partner was W. H. Delehanty, whom he joined August 23, 1875; the alliance lasted about fifteen months.

Mr. Cummings subsequently did an act with Harry Orndorf while with the Emily Soldene Company, where he remained two seasons. He left the profession for a time, and embarked in business in Indianapolis, Ind.

Mr. Cummings married one of the Stanley Sisters, well known performers of three decades ago. James H. Cummings was born in Rochester, N. Y.; he died in San Francisco, February 15, 1889; age 37 years.

Welby and Pearl are not exactly the pioneers of song and dance teams, but they have been associated as partners since 1874, which is enough to make them qualify.

They have been with several first-class organizations, including Al. G. Field’s Minstrels, with whom they were with in 1899; subsequently they joined Gorton’s Minstrels, and continued with them almost to date. Mr. Pearl, of recent years, was manager of the company.

Jake Welby (Bucher), was born October 13, 1852, at Syracuse, N. Y.

Charles C. Pearl (Fell), was born in West Chester, Pa., December 4, 1858.

Dan Collyer (McAnerny), the well known comedian of Broadway fame, was one of the Collyer Brothers as early as 1872, doing black-face acts. Doesn’t look it, does he? November 16, 1889, he opened in New York with “Running Wild,” in which he played the wench.

In the stock with Pastor’s Company, likewise Harrigan and Hart’s, he essayed many black-face roles; he also did vaudeville with Add. Ryman—and there were others, notably Dockstader’s Minstrels in New York, December, 1888. Mr. Collyer was born in Baltimore, Md., March, 1853.

Frank McNish (Francis Edward McNish), like the good American that he is, began his theatrical career on July 4, the year, 1873. Garry Doon shared the honors.

He first appeared professionally April 16, 1877, in Buffalo, N. Y., at the Adelphi.

August 21, 1878, he joined Barlow, Wilson, Primrose and West’s Minstrels, continuing with them until February 21, 1879. Mr. McNish later formed an alliance with the Leland Sisters, and played variety engagements with much success for about three years, after which he joined Thatcher, Primrose and West’s Minstrels, August 3, 1882, and was a feature with them for three years.

Mr. McNish was now ripe for stellar honors, and accordingly on July 30, 1885, the first performance of McNish, Johnson and Slavin’s Minstrels was given in Paterson, N. J.; the organization continued three years, after which McNish, Ramza and Arno’s Minstrels did appear—and disappear.

Mr. McNish was with Al. G. Field’s Minstrels in 1892, and with Hi Henry in 1895—and there were others.

Also did he “star” in “An Actor’s Romance” or “An Actor’s Holiday,” the author forgets which; however, the tour was neither a romance nor a holiday.

January 4, 1887, Meriden, Conn., had the honor of being the first city of witnessing Mr. McNish’s appearance as an end man.

Most everybody knows that Frank McNish was the originator of the Silence and Fun specialty that made him famous, and which has been extensively copied by other performers. In addition to being a good dancer, he is also a good singer; originally a plumber, Mr. McNish always has his pipes in good working order.

An early partner was Edward Gildea; the latest were Joe. Penfield and Frank McNish, Jr.

Frank McNish was born in Camden, N. Y., December 14, 1853.

BILLY LYONS	FRED. MALCOLM	CHAS. HEYWOOD
JUSTIN ROBINSON	THE GREAT “EUGENE”	ERNEST LINDEN
LINCOLN ELLWOOD	BURT. SHEPARD	PAUL VERNON
FAMED FAVORITES WHO FEATURED FEMININE FANCIES—SECONDEDITION.

Gus Mills achieved considerable popularity as a female impersonator with Simmons, Slocum’s and Sweatnam’s Minstrels in Philadelphia; Dockstader’s in New York, as well as Emerson’s and other well known organizations; he died in Chicago, Ill., October 6, 1903; age about 55 years.

Johnny Mack entered the profession at an early age. He had as partners at various times Johnny Gardner, Billy Conway and Lew Dockstader. With the latter he played with Whitmore and Clark’s Minstrels in 1874, as Mack and Clapp.

He died at Hoosick Falls, N. Y., February 28, 1891; age 38 years.

Willie (Wm. H.) Guy was the first of the Guy boys to enter minstrelsy, making his initial appearance with Hooley in Brooklyn, N. Y., about 1863; the following year he was with M. C. Campbell’s Minstrels in New York.

Subsequently he joined his brother George, and as George and Willie Guy became quite popular at Hooley’s Minstrels in Brooklyn, where they remained for a considerable time.

The next few years he was with the minstrel organization of Kelly and Leon; Moore and Burgess, Harry Robinson’s, Welch, Hughes and White; Smith and Taylor’s, and George Christy’s.

In 1874 he became a member of Guy Brother’s Minstrels, and as such continued practically until his death. Mr. Guy ranked high as a song and dance performer and comedian.

Willie Guy was born in Hartford, Conn., October 16, 1853; he died in Springfield, Mass., February 26, 1906.

Richard Golden (Frank Golden), whose fame as “Old Jed Prouty” will long live, did a black-face song and dance with Lew Davis (later Chace and Davis), in the late 60’s; he was also with Sharpley’s Minstrels.

Mr. Golden was born in Bangor, Me., February 6, 1853; he died in Brooklyn, N. Y., August 10, 1909.

Harry M. Morse. It would be a difficult matter to say off-hand whether this gentleman is best known as a minstrel or as a delineator of “rube” characters; in the one he has been associated with several famous organizations; in the other he is as readily recalled by several well remembered characterizations.

He first appeared professionally with Rice’s “Evangeline” in 1877, where his splendid bass voice was used as a member of a quartette.

In 1881 he played his initial minstrel engagement with the Haverly Mastodons; the following year with the new Mastodons saw his first appearance as “middle man.”

In 1883 he was with Sam Hague’s Minstrels, under the Haverly management. Thatcher, Primrose and West’s Minstrels had him for a member in 1884, and the following season he was with the inaugural performance of McNish, Johnson and Slavin’s Minstrels, and remained with them until the dissolution of the company at Washington, D. C., May 19, 1888.

Right here Mr. Morse’s inherent Yankeeism asserted itself; carefully sealing up his box of cork, he placed it in storage, and went in for “rube” characters exclusively.

From 1888 to 1892 he played Zeb in “Old Jed Prouty”; Mr. Morse was great in this character; so was the wig.

“Rush City”; Pete Dailey’s “Country Sport”; Joe Hart’s “Gay Old Boy” and four years as the Giant in “Jack, the Giant Killer,” followed; a return to “Old Jed Prouty” and Mr. Morse began to repent.

Primrose’s Minstrels, Dockstader’s Minstrels and Cohan and Harris’ Minstrels, the latter in 1908, followed the repentance.

Now Mr. Morse is showing his “rube” to vaudeville lovers—and they seem to like it.

Taken all in all, Putnam, Conn., may well feel proud of its distinguished citizen.

Harry M. Morse was born in Woodstock, Conn., August 4, 1853.

Frank Cushman (Peter Clishman) was one of the very best singing comedians of minstrelsy; he possessed a peculiar voice, and could reach high C with ease.

At the outset of his career he gave impersonations of the old colored man, which ever after he made a feature of his repertoire; in these delineations he was exceptionally clever.

He made his first appearance with Professor John Hammond’s Company at Havre de Grace, Md., in 1874; subsequently he joined Tommy Jefferson’s company, where his success was pronounced.

After this he went to the Odeon Theatre in Baltimore, remaining a year; likewise he played stock engagements at the Grand Central Theatre, Philadelphia, and other houses. His first prominent minstrel engagement was with Carncross and Dixey, in Philadelphia.

October 21, 1878, made his appearance at the Adelphi Theatre, Chicago, as a member of Haverly’s original Mastodons. He went to England with Haverly, opening in London, July 31, 1880; he continued under this management for a considerable period.

About 1882 he formed an alliance with the “Only Leon,” playing star engagements in the variety houses and minstrel companies; during this period they made a trip to Australia, where they played several months; they separated in the Spring of 1887.

In the fall of that year he became a member of Sweatnam, Rice and Fagan’s Minstrels; he was likewise with Primrose and West’s; Cleveland’s, and Al. G. Field’s Minstrels.

In the fall of 1889 with Ned Thomas he organized the Cushman and Thomas Minstrels.

Mr. Cushman created the black-face part in the production of “Natural Gas”; and in 1898 he was with the last minstrel show Jack Haverly ever put out. He was married to the widow of Billy Welch about 1888, and they lived very happily together.

His last appearance was at Lexington, Ky., a few days before his death.

Frank Cushman was born in Baltimore, Md., March 11, 1853; he died in Louisville, Ky., December 19, 1907.

Edwin French (Adam Kunz) was one of the great banjoists of minstrelsy.

He made his first appearance in St. Louis, Mo., as Master Eddie with Morris and Wilson’s Minstrels.

He next appeared with Green’s “Mocking Bird” Minstrels, and in 1867 was with Sam Sharpley’s Company.

Subsequently he played a long engagement with Birch, Wambold and Backus in New York City.

He was also with Carncross in Philadelphia; Moore and Burgess in London, England, and Dockstader in New York. In 1882 he was with Leavitt’s Giganteans; and likewise played an important engagement with Haverly’s Minstrels.

Edwin French was born in Cleveland, Ohio, January 31, 1853; he died at Saranac Lake, N. Y., September 16, 1903.

Burt. Haverly (Geo. Burton Oliver), the favorite minstrel and farceur, began in Boston at an early age with a minstrel company headed by the late Andy Leavitt; Mr. Haverly’s vocal offering on this occasion was—“And His Feet Hung Out the Door.”

In 1881 he was with Billy Emerson in San Francisco, a place where Haverly loved above all others; in this city he was highly thought of, personally and as a performer.

It was in 1879 that he attained his first prominence as a member of Hooley and Emerson’s “Megatherian” Minstrels.

In the middle and late 80’s he was with McNish, Johnson and Slavin’s, and Johnson and Slavin’s Minstrels.

Shortly after leaving the last company, he went into white-face with the “City Directory”; subsequently, with Laura Biggar, he was co-star in “A Trip to Chinatown,” for several seasons.

Mr. Haverly married Miss Nellie Carter, in San Jose, Cal., February 21, 1882.

In New York, on March 21, 1901, he married Mme. Dowling.

Burt. Haverly was born in Saccarappa, Me., August 12, 1853; he died in San Francisco, Cal., October 31, 1908.

Hawkins and Collins. This great black-face singing act made their first joint appearance at the Garden Theatre in Chicago, Ill., in the Fall of 1882.

They played successful minstrel engagements with Carncross’ in Philadelphia; Thatcher, Primrose and West’s; Haverly’s and Hyde and Behman’s Company, as well as several first-class specialty organizations.

They continued as a team until the death of Ben Collins.

Lew Hawkins made his first professional appearance as a jig dancer in the Winter Garden, Chicago, Ill., in 1873; he worked in white-face, his weekly stipend was $6.00; he gets more now.

He went to San Francisco from Chicago, played all the variety houses on the way back three years later, and opened with Ed. Hodson, again in Chicago, at the Coliseum, where they did a Dutch act; a year later he separated from Hodson and joined J. W. Kelly, who afterwards won fame as the “Rolling Mill Man”; Mr. Hawkins’ claims, and he undoubtedly is correct when he asserts that he first brought Kelly before the public as a professional entertainer; this was in August, 1878, at the Cosmopolitan (present Olympic) Theatre in Chicago; they separated in 1882, and Mr. Hawkins joined Collins.

Since the death of the latter, Lew Hawkins has worked alone doing a black-face monologue and singing act; he is known as the “Chesterfield of Minstrelsy.”

“COOL” WHITE	“COOL” BURGESS
A PAIR OF “COOL” PROPOSITIONS.
“ADD.” RYMAN	“ADD.” WEAVER
NOT A CASE OF ADDITION.
FRANK WILD	JOHN WILD
WILD, BUT NOT DANGEROUS.

Lew Hawkins was born in Hudson, Mich., August 20, 1853.

Ben Collins was born in Chicago, Ill.; he died in Boston, Mass., March 20, 1890; age 31 years.

Wm. H. West (Flynn), famous as a great clog dancer and producer, and for many years associated with George H. Primrose in their many minstrel organizations, made his first appearance in a variety theatre in Buffalo, N. Y., August 20, 1870; the following year he joined Skiff and Gaylord’s Minstrels, where he made the acquaintance of George H. Primrose, and shortly after this they made their first joint appearance, playing variety theatres, and continuing with Mr. Primrose for many years.

November 20, 1874, he joined Haverly’s Minstrels, and remained with them until June 14, 1877.

On Aug. 20, same year, with his partner, Milt. G. Barlow and George Wilson, they gave the first performance of Barlow, Wilson, Primrose and West’s Minstrels; the last in the Summer of 1882.

That same year Mr. West, Mr. Primrose and George Thatcher, organized Thatcher, Primrose and West’s Minstrels; they gave their final performance in the Summer of 1889.

From 1889 until April 30, 1898, Primrose and West’s Minstrels took the road; the last season (1897), Mr. West headed his own company, Mr. Primrose another.

In the Summer of 1898, William H. West’s Big Jubilee Minstrels gave their first performance, and he continued with his company until within a few months of his death.

Mr. West was thrice married; his first wife was Fay Templeton, the well-known actress whom he married about 1883; they separated soon after. His second wife was Miss Lizette Morris, of Philadelphia, a daughter of our former Minister to Turkey; on October 27, 1892, he married Miss Emma Hanley, the well-known actress of light opera fame.

Mr. West sat in the middle with his various companies, his style of interlocutor being different from any of his predecessors.

William H. West was born in Syracuse, N. Y., June 18, 1853; he died in Chicago, Ill., February 15, 1902.

Emerson and Clark were a favorite song and dance team of the middle 70’s; they appeared in the well-known variety houses, and in 1877 they played an engagement with Cal. Wagner’s Minstrels; in the fall of the same year they associated themselves with the Daly Brothers, Tom and Bill. The four took a European tour and later were with Hooley and Emerson’s Megatherian Minstrels, in 1879.

Mr. Emerson married Julia Emmonds, and as Emerson and Emmonds they played the variety houses; in the course of time the act received an addition, and as Emerson, Emmonds and Emerson they were well known.

Mr. Emerson also did a black-face specialty with James Cook, of the present team of Cook and Lorenz; this was with Barlow, Wilson and Rankin’s Minstrels about 1885.

After their separation, Mr. Clark published “Willis Clark’s Joke Book,” which met with indifferent success.

Mort. Emerson was born in Philadelphia, November 27, 1853.

Willis Clark died (suicide) in New York City, December 23, 1899; age 42 years.

The Daly Bros. Tom Daly’s early partner was Bob Birdue; they played an engagement at the Howard Athenaeum in Boston, where they met with pronounced success; subsequently he was joined by his brother Bill.

In April, 1871, as Master Willie and Tommy, they did their specialties with Newcomb and Arlington’s Minstrels in New York City; season of 1875 they played Carncross and Dixey’s Minstrels in Philadelphia; the next year they were with Haverly, and after the conclusion of that engagement the brothers joined Emerson and Clark, and the four were known as the King High Kickers.

The Dalys were brothers of the lamented Dan Daly; and Tom Daly’s second wife was Lizzie Derious, the well-known soubrette, now Mrs. Sam Tuck.

Tom Daly was a man of exemplary habits; his death was the result of a brutal assault received in Chicago a few years previous to it.

Bill Daly, or “Cap. Bill” as he is best known, has not appeared professionally in several years.

Tom Daly was born at Bathurst, N. B., in 1855; he died at Somerville, Mass., July 20, 1892.