History of the Cathedral Church of Wells / As Illustrating the History of the Cathedral Churches of the Old Foundation

by Edward A. Freeman

INDEX.

A.
Abbeville Collegiate Church, west front of, [125].
Abbey Dore, east end of the church, [177].
Adalbero, Archbishop, his changes in the Church of Rheims, [32], [165].
Adam of Domersham quoted, [170].
Adeliza of Löwen, wife of Henry the First, [43].
Ælfsige detains lands of the Bishoprick, [29].
Ælfsige, last Abbot of Bath, [36].
Æthelhelm, first Bishop of Somersetshire, [26].
Alby Cathedral, absence of transepts in, [116].
Alexander, third Dean of Wells, [170].
Alien Priories, suppression of, [147].
Amiens Cathedral, its great height, [116].
Andrew, Saint, his wells, [19];
yields to his younger brother, [36].
Angers, undercroft of the Bishop's palace at, [176].
Apses, various kinds of, [130];
their rarity in England, [130];
use of, in Romanesque times, [181];
more common in Normandy than in England, ib.
Archdeacon of Wells, ancient house of, [142];
its alienation, [150];
recovery of the other property of, [150].
Archdeacons, their rights under the charter of Elizabeth, [188].
Architects, employment of professional, in the middle ages, [81].
Athelney, prebend attached to the Abbey, [88].
Augustine, his mission to Britain, [12].
Avalon, see Glastonbury.
Axe, the English frontier in 597, [13], [17].
B.
Bangor Cathedral, arrangement of towers at, [182].
Banwell, history of the lordship, [27], [29], [31];
Bishop's house at, [37].
Barlow, William, Bishop, alienates the lands of the see, [149], [186];
partly recovers them, [149].
Bath, its Roman origin, [13], [36];
taken by the West-Saxons, [36];
church of, founded by Offa, [36], [177];
monks brought in by Eadgar, ib.;
burned, [36], [47];
bought by Bishop John, [36], [37], [166];
see of Somersetshire removed to, ib.;
church rebuilt by Bishop John, [37];
settlement between the Churches of Bath and Wells, [45];
suppression of the Monastery, [46], [148];
restoration of the Church in the seventeenth century, ib.;
works of Bishop Robert at, [46-48], [167], [168];
date and style of the present church, [48];
monks of, illegally elect Bishop Roger, [105];
gradually neglected by the Bishops, [107];
form of the west front, [125];
alleged foundation of Osric, [177].
Bath and Wells, origin of the title, [10], [45].
Battle Abbey, lofty undercroft under the dormitory, [176].
Bayeux, installation of the Bishop at, [158].
Beaufort, Cardinal, enlarges the Hospital of Saint Cross, [163].
Beauvais Cathedral, remains of the old church at, [79], [80];
its great height, [116].
Beckington, Thomas, Bishop, works of his executors;
his various works, [145];
removal and mutilation of his canopy, [153];
his work in the cloisters, [181];
his will, [182], [183];
his gifts to the Chapter, [183].
Benefice, meaning of the word, [59], [169].
Berengar, agent of Archbishop Thomas, [173].
Beverley Minster, compared with Wells, [124], [130];
unreality of its west front, [128];
east end of, [130];
compared with Wells, [132].
Bird, Prior, his works at Bath, [48].
Bishop, his share in the daily distribution, [174];
his right of visitation saved by the Elizabethan charter, [187];
election of, under the charter, [187], [188].
Bishops, their relations to their cathedral churches, [10], [11], [45];
difference between their position in England and elsewhere, [12];
their ancient territorial style, [12];
how appointed in early times, [25];
Norman and French Bishops after the Conquest, [35];
number of, increased by Henry the Eighth, [53];
their greater power in the old cathedrals, [54];
plunder of, under Edward the Sixth and Elizabeth, [149].
Bishopricks moved from small towns to larger, [35], [166].
Bishopstool, meaning of the word, [12].
Boniface the Ninth, Pope, his bull about entertainments, [175].
Bourges Cathedral, absence of transepts in, [116].
Bourne, Gilbert, Bishop, recovers the lands of the see, [149].
Bridgewater, more modern than the other Somersetshire towns, [14].
Bristol, Church of St. Mary Redcliff, internal effect of height in, [133].
Bristol, position of the Cathedral, [2];
harmless stoves at, [189].
Brunswick, sham fronts in the churches of, [181].
Bubwith, Nicholas, Bishop, his share in building the north-west tower, [122];
his gift of the Guild-hall to the citizens, [123];
his buildings in the cloister, ib.
Bury Saint Edmund's, its municipal history compared with Wells, [184].
C.
Canon, title of, not to be confined to the Residentiaries, [50];
meaning of the name, [51].
Canons, honorary, unknown in the old foundations, [140].
Canons, non-residence of, [89];
their share in the daily distribution, [174];
their three sources of income, ib.
Canons, residentiary and non-residentiary, origin of the difference, [85] et seqq.
Canterbury Cathedral, propping of the central tower at, [119];
its double apse, [182].
Carlisle Cathedral compared with Wells, [134], [135].
Carol, see Karole.
Cathedral Churches, their clergy sometimes regular, sometimes secular, [21];
distinction of old and new foundations, [53];
foundations under Henry the Eighth, ib.;
held to be the freehold of the Chapter or Convent, [64];
urgent need of their reform, [160].
Cathedral, meaning of the word, [8-10].
Century, thirteenth, its special historical importance, [103];
fourteenth, character of its architecture, [111], [113].
Chancellor of the Church, foundation of the office, [50], [168];
its duties, [57].
Chancellor of the Diocese, distinguished from Chancellor of the Church, [57].
Chantries, suppression of, [149].
Chantry Priests, incorporated by Bishop Erghum, [141], [142], [183];
suppressed, [142], [150].
Chapter-House, different character of, in regular and secular churches, [96];
building of that, at Wells, [96-98], [176];
polygonal type of, [97];
style and date of, at Wells, [98];
examples of the polygonal shape, [176];
of the oblong shape, ib.
Chapters, origin of, [21];
their relation to their Bishops, [45];
their increased independence of the Bishops, [63], [64];
need of their reform on the old basis, [189].
Chartres Cathedral, its great height, [116].
Chester Cathedral, crumbling nature of its stone, [135].
Chester, position of the Cathedral, [2];
foundation of the Bishoprick, [53].
Chew Magna, pension from the vicarage to the Vicars of Wells, [182].
Chicheley, Archbishop, his character, [185].
Chichester Cathedral, fall of the spire at, [117].
Choir, meaning of the word, [78];
its original extent at Wells, ib.;
in Somersetshire churches often unworthy of the nave, [80];
practice of lengthening in the thirteenth century, [108];
change in the site at Wells, [110];
recasting of clerestory and triforium, [111];
character of the roof, [112];
objectionable arrangements of, at Wells, [155], [167].
Choristers, house of, see Organists' house.
Christ Church, Hampshire, arrangement of towers at, [182].
Chrodegang, Bishop of Metz, his rule for canons, [32], [165].
Cities, their greater importance on the Continent than in England, [12].
Clement the Seventh, Pope, his bull for the suppression of monasteries, [185].
Cloister, difference of, in regular and secular churches, [83];
date of that at Wells, [83], [84];
needed in a monastery, but not in a secular church, [31], [32].
Cloister, originally of wood, [84];
Lady chapel in, rebuilt by Bishop Stillington, [144];
original building of, [172];
orders of Chapter about, ib.
Close wall, destruction of, [143].
Cnut, King, his favour to Bishop Duduc, [26], [28].
Collegiate Churches, meaning of the word, [10];
suppression of, [149].
Collinson's History of Somersetshire, its misrepresentation of the story of Harold and Gisa, [27];
list of canons in, [188].
Combe, bought by Gisa, [31];
Prebends of, [51], [60].
Congé d'élire, meaning of the word, [16], [164];
distinguished from the letter missive, [25], [164].
Congresbury, fabulous Bishoprick at, [14];
history of the lordship, [28], [29].
Corporate Isolation, spirit of, its effects, [62].
Corps, meaning of the word, [51].
Coventry Cathedral, canons substituted for monks at, [173].
Coventry, apse of Saint Michael's Church at, [130];
crumbling stone used in the church of, [135];
origin of the city, [185].
Coventry and Lichfield, joint Bishoprick of, [46];
destruction of the Church of Coventry, [64].
Crediton, see of, removed to Exeter, [35].
Cromwell, Thomas, Lord, his share in the suppression of monasteries, [147];
holds the Deanery of Wells, [148];
enforces the payments of Residentiaries, [175].
Crypt, see Undercroft.
Cynewulf, spurious charter of, [15], [164].
D.
Daventry Priory, suppression of, [185].
Dean, foundation of the office, [50], [168];
how appointed in various churches, [54];
its duties, [55], [56];
effects of its foundation, [63];
office at Wells held by Thomas Cromwell, [148];
estates alienated under Edward the Sixth, [150], [168];
re-endowed and the old estates recovered, [150];
rights of, under the charter of Elizabeth, [187];
appointment of, transferred to the Crown, [188].
Deaneries held by laymen, [148].
Deanery House built by Dean Gunthorpe, [142].
Dignities, origin of, [50], [168];
duties of, [55-57];
difference among, in different churches, [66].
Dimock, Mr., [77];
quoted, [140], [183].
Domesday, its account of the lands of the Church of Wells, [33], [166].
Dorchester, Bishoprick of, [163].
Drokensford, John, Bishop, deed of his quoted, [179].
Duduc, Bishop of Somersetshire, his favour with Cnut, [26], [28];
his bequests to his church, [28];
a Saxon by birth, [165];
his tomb, [166].
Dunstan, Saint, builds the stone church of Glastonbury, [24], [164].
Durham, analogy of its history with that of Wells, [3].
E.
Eadgar, King, brings in monks at Bath, [36].
Eadgyth, wife of Eadward the Confessor, her grants to Gisa, [31].
Eadward the Confessor, his favour to Bishop Duduc, [26];
his grants to Gisa, [31], [165];
introduces the Norman style into England, [48];
his church at Westminster the great model, [69].
Eadward the Elder founds the Bishoprick of Somersetshire, [13].
Ealdhelm, first Bishop of Sherborne, [164].
Early Gothic Style, two forms of, in Wells Cathedral, [74-77];
peculiar character of, in Somersetshire and South Wales, [75].
East Ends, various kinds of, [130].
Edward the Sixth, act of, for the suppression of colleges and Chantries, [142], [149];
robbery of ecclesiastical bodies under, [148].
Elizabeth, Queen, her charters to the Vicars, [140];
to the Chapter, [151].
Ely Cathedral, style of, [75];
loss of the spire at, [129];
east end of, [130];
size of the triforium, [134];
arrangement of tower at, [182].
Embezzlement, various instances of, [39].
Erghum, Ralph, Bishop, incorporates the College of Chantry Priests, [141], [142].
Eton College, receives lands of Alien Priories, [185].
Evercreech, Bishop's house at, [37].
Evesham, its parliamentary rivalry with Wells, [4-5], [163].
Ewenny Priory, roof of the Church, [179].
Exeter, history of the city and Bishoprick, [2], [35];
Bishop Leofric's changes at, [33];
history of the Deanery of, [54];
loss of the spires at, [129];
form of the east end, [130].
F.
Fitz-Williams, Dean, surrenders the estates of the Deanery, [186].
Fontanenses Episcopi, Bishops of Somersetshire, so known at Rome, [45].
Frederick Barbarossa, Emperor, his dispute with Pope Hadrian the Fourth, [169].
G.
Gates, Sir John, dismantles the hall of the palace, [179]; beheaded, [186].
Gerent, King of Cornwall, defeated by Ine, [164].
Gervase, historian of Canterbury, quoted, [172].
Gisa, Bishop of Somersetshire, his quarrel with Earl Harold, [27-29], [165];
his birth in Lorraine, [30];
increases the revenues of his church, [31];
makes his canons follow the rule of Chrodegang, [31-33];
his buildings, [33].
Gisa, his gifts to the canons, [33];
his death and burial, [34];
his account of the Old-English church, [67].
Glastonbury, its whole history gathers round the Abbey, [3];
permanence of the British Monastery at, [18];
its original wooden church, [19], [164];
stone church of Dunstan, [24];
annexed to Bath by Savaric, [70], [71];
formed part of the style of the Bishops, [70], [71];
again separated from Bath and Wells, [71];
surrenders estates to Jocelin, [71];
style of the Early Gothic of the Abbey, [75];
cloister of wood, [84];
goodness of the stone at, [135];
suppression of the Monastery, [147];
destroyed by Edward, Duke of Somerset, [149];
relation of the Bishops to, [171];
antiquity of the foundation, [177];
central tower propped as at Wells, [178].
Gloucester Abbey, vault in, built by the Monks' own hands, [81], [172];
west front of, [125].
Gloucester and Bristol, joint Bishoprick of, [46].
Godele, John, Dean, his share in repairing the choir, [180].
Godfrey, Bishop of Bath, his birth in Lower Lorraine, [43];
his character, ib.;
he tries to recover the canons' lands, ib.
Godwin, Bishop, his catalogue of Bishops quoted.[28], [56-57], [113-134].
Gower, Bishop, his works at Saint David's, [179].
Green, Mr. J. R., quoted, [165], [170], [184].
Grey of Wark, Lord, preserves Wells Cathedral in Monmouth's rebellion, [4].
Grosmont, Monmouthshire, state of the church at, [8].
Gunthorpe, John, Dean, builds the Deanery, [142], [183].
Gwent, meaning of the name, [17], [164].
H.
Haddan, Mr. A. W., quoted, [173].
Hadrian the Fourth, Pope, his dispute with the Emperor Frederick, [169].
Harewell, John, Bishop, his share in building the South-west Tower, [122].
Harold, Earl, his quarrel with Bishop Gisa, [27], [29], [165];
his writ as King to Gisa, [165];
Gisa's view of his death, ib.
Henry the First, his charters to John de Villulâ, [36], [37];
his opposition to Bishop Godfrey, [43].
Henry the Third, character of his reign, [105];
promotes the illegal election of Bishop Roger, [106];
his grant to the Church of Wells, [172].
Henry the Fifth, suppression of monasteries under, [147].
Henry the Eighth, character of his reign, [145-147];
suppression of monasteries under, [147];
enforces the payments of Residentiaries, [175].
Henry of Blois, Bishop of Winchester, holds the Abbey of Glastonbury with the Bishoprick, [44];
helps Bishop Robert in his reforms at Wells, [52].
Hereford Cathedral, loss of the spire at, [129];
character of the east end, [130];
loss of the western tower, [131];
position of the Vicars and Minor Canons at, [140], [141];
present good arrangement of, [158];
choir screen at, [159];
its arrangement of towers, [182].
Hermann, Bishop, joins the sees of Sherborne and Ramsbury, and removes the see to Old Sarum, [31], [165].
Hildebert, Provost, embezzles the property of the canons, [39], [166].
Historiola de Primordiis Episcopatûs Somersetensis, quoted, [28], [47].
Honorary Canons, proposed extension of their rights in the new foundations, [189].
Howden Collegiate Church, octagonal Chapter-house at, [176].
Hugh, Bishop of Chester, substitutes canons for monks at Coventry, [173].
I.

Ilminster, lost prebend of, [174].
Ine, his victories over the Welsh, [14];
founds Taunton, ib.;
probably founds the
church of Wells as collegiate, [15];
defeats Gerent of Cornwall, [164];
founds Taunton, ib.;
his laws, ib.
Innocent the Fourth, Pope, corruptly confirms the election of Bishop Roger, [106].
Installation of Canons, [188].
Isaac, Provost of Wells, [33], [166].
J.
Jenkyns, Dean, his doings in the Cathedral, [189].
Jocelin of Wells, his episcopate, [70];
his style during the union with Glastonbury, [71];
his compromise with Glastonbury, ib.;
his works at Wells, ib.;
his banishment, [72];
his special connexion with the church and city, ib.;
first founder of the Vicars, [72], [84];
extent of his building, [74-76];
his domestic works at Wells and Wookey, [76];
consecrates the church, [77], [174];
character of his works, [78];
how far the designer of the church, [81];
probable nature of his relations to it, ib.;
increases the dignities and prebends, [84];
his statute of residence, [90], [174];
his position among the Bishops of Wells, [104], [177];
destruction of his tomb, ib.
John de Villulâ, first French Bishop of Somersetshire, [35];
buys the town of Bath and removes the see thither, [36], [37], [166];
his government and buildings at Bath, [37], [166];
his oppression of the Canons of Wells, [37], [38];
builds himself a house at Wells, ib., [166].
John, Provost and Archdeacon, his dealings with the canons, [39], [166];
his repentance, [49].
K.
Karole, meaning of the word, [172].
King, Oliver, Bishop, his works at Bath, [48].
L.
Lady, proper title of a West-Saxon King's wife, [31].
Lady Chapel, character of, at Wells, [109];
date of, [179].
Lady Chapel in the cloister, [83].
Leases for three lives, early cases of, [61].
Lee, Roland, Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, tries to save the Church of Coventry, [64], [170].
Le Mans, Cathedral of, [69];
its date, [100].
Leofric, Bishop, his changes in the Church of Exeter, [33];
moves the see of Crediton thither, [35].
Letter missive, see Congé d'élire.
Lichfield Cathedral, apse of, [130];
east end compared with Wells, [132];
present good arrangement of, [158];
choir screen at, [159];
octagonal Chapter-house at, [176].
Lincoln Cathedral, style of, [75];
said never to have been consecrated, [77];
residence kept by the dignitaries at, [92];
effect of lowness in the inside, [116];
loss of the spires at, [118], [129];
unreality of the west front of, [125], [128];
arrangement of the east end, [131];
effect of lowness in the interior, [133];
octagonal Chapter-house at, [176].
Llandaff Cathedral, style of, [75];
no Residentiaries ever founded at, [85];
west front of, [125], [126];
present good arrangement of, [156-158], [190];
system of Prebendaries and Vicars, [17];
the Archdeacon President of the Chapter, [169];
form of the Chapter-house, [176].
Long Sutton, lost prebend of, [174].
Lorraine, or Lotharingia, meaning of the name, [30];
canonical rule of, [32].
M.
Malmesbury Abbey, original west front of, [181];
arrangement of tower at, [182].
Manchester, collegiate church becomes cathedral, [16];
suppressed and restored, [186].
Margam Abbey, octagonal Chapter-house at, [176].
Mark granted to the Church of Wells by the Lady Eadgyth, [31].
Mary, Queen, property of the Church recovered under, [149], [150].
Master of the Fabric, office of, [5-7].
Master, technical use of the name, [88].
Matthew Paris, his account of the Church of Westminster, [170];
of the earthquake at Wells, [171];
of the consecration of various churches, ib.
Mendip, its early state, [17].
Midelton or Milton, timber fetched from, [180].
Minor Canon, title unknown at Wells, [140];
use of, elsewhere, [183].
Monasteries, suppression of, [21];
effects of, at Ely, Peterborough, and elsewhere, [22].
Monks, original character of, [20].
Monmouth, James, Duke of, doings of his followers at Wells, [4].
Morganwg, meaning of the name, [17], [164].
Mounterye, College of, see Chantry Priests.
Muchelney prebend attached to the Abbey, [88].
Mudgeley, granted to the Church of Wells by the Lady Eadgyth, [31].
N.
Nave, proper place for the congregation, [154], [155];
plea for its proper use at Wells, [157-160].
New Foundation, Cathedral Churches of, meaning of the name, [53];
greater influence of the Crown in, [54].
Nicolas the Fifth, Pope, his bull about payments made by Residentiaries, [175].
Non-residence, origin of, [58];
growth of, [87].
Non-residentiary Canons, origin of, [89];
value of the class, [89], [90], [150];
defrauded of their rights at Wells by the charter of Elizabeth, [151];
retention of their rights at York, [152];
their position under the Elizabethan charter, [187], [188];
general question as to their rights, [189].
Norman Architecture, spread of, after the Conquest, [67].
Norman Conquest, its effects on the Church, [35].
O.
Offa, King of the Mercians, founds the Church of Bath, [36].
Old Foundation, Cathedral Churches of, meaning of the name, [53];
closer connexion of the Bishops with, [54];
general likeness of their constitutions, [66], [85].
Old Saint Paul's Cathedral, loss of the spire at, [129];
minor canons of, [140].
Old Sarum, see Salisbury.
Organist's House, foundation of, [182];
neglect and ruin of, [184].
Osbern, his life of Saint Dunstan, quoted, [164].
Ottery Saint Mary, spire of lead remaining at, [129].
Oxford, position of the Cathedral, [2];
foundation of the Bishoprick, [53].
P.
Pagan, origin of the name, [11].
Palk, Sir Lawrence, his championship of Wells against Evesham, [163].
Pakington, Sir John, compared with Saint Dunstan, [5], [163].
Parker, Mr., house restored by, [68];
quoted, [129], [183].
Payne of Pembridge, claims the Provost's estate, [60].
Perpendicular style, its characteristics in Somersetshire, [121], [122].
Pershore Abbey, apse of, [130].
Peterborough Cathedral, the west front an addition, [76];
its perfection, [125].
Petty Canons distinguished from Priest-Vicars, [140].
Pluralities, early instances of, [44];
causes of, in the Middle Ages, [5-8].
Pole, Reginald, holds two Deaneries as layman, [148].
Pope, John, Prebendary, executor of Bishop Beckington, his works, [138].
Prebendaries, become corporations sole, [65];
their exempt jurisdictions, ib.
Prebends, origin of, [50], [168];
meaning of the name, [51];
their position, [52];
refounded by Elizabeth, [187].
Precentor, foundation of the office, [50], [168];
its duties, [56].
Priest-Vicar, title of, [139].
Provost, origin of the office, [33];
becomes hereditary, [39], [166];
suppression of the office, [150].
Purton Church, Wiltshire, arrangement of tower at, [182].
R.
Ralph of Shrewsbury, importance of his episcopate, [108];
his place of burial, [113];
his connexion with the eastern reconstruction, [114];
fortifies the palace, [137];
founds the College of Vicars, [137], [182];
portions of his work remaining, [138];
treatment of his tomb, [177].
Ramsbury, poverty of the church of, [31].
Reformation, the, its real character in England, [145], [146].
Reginald, son of Hildebert, restores the canons' lands, [49];
appointed precentor, [60], [167];
withstands the claims of his nephews, [6].
Reginald, Bishop, founds new prebends, [70].
Regular Clergy, their distinction from the seculars, [20].
Residence, Jocelin's regulations as to, [90];
devices to hinder, [91].
Residentiaries, origin of, [89];
number not originally fixed, [90];
their number and mode of appointment, [92];
growth of their powers, [93];
necessity of their constant residence, [94], [95];
their encroachments by virtue of the charter of Elizabeth, [151], [152];
necessity of their residence, [152];
great entertainments required of, [175];
commuted for a payment, ib.;
use of entertainments restored, ib.;
their new position under the Elizabethan charter, [188];
not installed, ib.
Restoration, principle on which it should be carried out, [190].
Rheims Cathedral, its great height, [116];
grandeur of the doorways at, [127].
Rheims, Church of Saint Remigius at, [69].
Rib, meaning of the word, [91], [138].
Richard, Archbishop of Canterbury, story of, [189].
Richard of the Devizes, his account of the non-residence of canons, [86], [173].
Richard of Tittenhanger, monk of Saint Alban's, designs buildings in the Abbey, [171].
Ripon, collegiate church becomes cathedral, [16];
suppressed and restored, [186];
its west front, [181].
Robert, importance of his episcopate, [40];
becomes Bishop of Bath, [43];
of Flemish descent, but born in England, [44], [167];
his early history, ib.;
represents Bishop Henry of Blois at Glastonbury, [44], [167];
settles the controversy between Bath and Wells, [45];
his works at Bath, [46], [48], [161];
he recovers the lands of the canons, [49];
founds the dignities and prebends, [50], [52], [167];
increases the number of canons, [57], [162];
his description of his objects, [61];
his buildings at Wells, [66-69];
single fragment of them remaining, [68];
grants North Curry to the Chapter, [190];
grants municipal rights to the city, ib.
Robert, Bishop of Hereford, present at the consecration of Robert's church at Wells, [68].
Robert Burnell, Bishop, his place in the history of England, [107], [179];
his works at Wells, [108].
Robert Grosseteste, Bishop of Lincoln, his dispute with his Chapter, [170].
Roger, Archbishop of York, story of, [189].
Roger, Bishop, elected by the monks of Bath only, [105];
confirmed by Innocent the Fourth, [106], [177];
his gifts to the canons of Wells, ib.;
last bishop buried at Bath, [106].
Roger, Bishop of Salisbury, opposes Bishop Godfrey, [43].
Roger Witing, claims the Provost's estate, [60];
cf.[170].
Romanesque style of architecture, its character, [48].
Roofs, character of, in Somersetshire, [112].
Rouen Cathedral, analogy of its west front to that of Wells, [127].
Rouen, Saint Ouen's Abbey Church at, union of French and English merits in, [117].
S.
Saint Alban's Abbey, work at, designed by a monk of the House, [81];
arrangement of the Lady chapel at, [131];
its municipal history compared with Wells, [184].
Saint Cross, Hospital of, its title, [163].
Saint David's, constitution of the Residentiary body at, [93];
absence of a Dean at, [169];
history of, compared with Wells, [176];
works of Bishop Gower at, [178].
Saint Quentin Collegiate Church, its great height, [116].
Salisbury, analogy of its history with that of Wells, [3];
origin of the Bishoprick, [31];
style of, [75];
the spire constructively a mistake, [118];
mode of propping, [119];
unreality of the west front of, [125], [128];
its doorways compared with Wells, [127];
octagonal Chapter-house at, [176].
Savaric, Bishop, attaches prebends to two abbeys, [68];
unites the church of Glastonbury to the see of Bath, [70], [78].
Saxon, meaning of the name, [26].
Screens, close, an abuse in secular churches, [157].
Screens, open, their good effect at Lichfield and Hereford, [159].
Secular Clergy, their distinction from the regulars, [20].
Serel, Mr., quoted, [170], [175], [177].
Sham Fronts common in France and Germany, [181].
Sherborne, foundation of the Bishoprick, [13];
division of the diocese, ib.;
see removed to Old Sarum, [31];
Ealdhelm, first Bishop of, [164].
Shrewsbury Abbey, arrangement of towers at, [182].
Sinecure, meaning of the word, [55].
Slymbridge Church, Gloucestershire, style of, [75].
Somerset, Edward, Duke of, appropriates the lands of Wells and Glastonbury, [149].
Somersetshire, mainly Welsh in 597, [13];
lack of any central town, ib.;
picture of, in the time of Ine, [16], [17];
gradually becomes English, [18];
local architecture of, [48];
Early Gothic style of, resembles French work, [75];
characteristics of the Perpendicular style in, [121], [122].
Southwell, Chapter-house at, [97];
changes in the west front at, [128];
loss of spires at, [129];
form of the east end, [130];
compared with Wells, [131];
no President of the Chapter at, [176].
South Wales, likeness of its Early Gothic to that of Somersetshire, [75].
Spires, often covered with lead, [129].
Stalls, each canon makes his own, [113];
wrong arrangement at Wells, [153].
Stephen, King, helps Bishop Robert at Wells, [52], [168].
Stillington, Robert, Bishop, rebuilds the Lady chapel in the cloister, [144];
destruction of his tomb, ib.
Stoke Courcy Priory, suppression of, [185].
Stoke-sub-Hamdon College, suppressed, [186].
Stone, early use of, in building, [23].
Stoves, intrusion of, at Wells, [153].
Sub-Chanter, foundation of the office, [50], [57];
its suppression, [150], [168].
Sub-Dean, foundation of the office, [50], [57], [168];
its property and jurisdiction, [65], [168].
Sugar, Hugh, Treasurer, executor of Bishop Beckington, his works, [138].
Sumorsætas, give their name to Somersetshire, [12];
obtain a Bishop of their own, [13].
Supremacy, Royal, accepted by both regular and secular clergy, [146].
Swan Inn laid open to the Cathedral, [143].
Swan, Richard, Provost, executor of Bishop Beckington, his works, [138].
T.
Taunton, founded by Ine, [14], [17], [164].
Tewkesbury Abbey, apse of, [130].
Tewkesbury Annals, quoted, [178].
Theological College, proposal for its union with the Vicars' College, [139];
position of its officers, [169].
Thomas of Canterbury, Saint, his life quoted, [87].
Toulouse, roof of the church of Saint Sernin at, [179].
Towers, Old-English, character of, [24];
central, a peculiarly English and Norman feature, [115];
absence of, in the great French churches, [116].
Treasurer, foundation of the office, [50], [168];
his duties, [57].
U.
Undercroft, under the Chapter-house, [97], [176];
other instances, ib.
V.
Vicars' Close, first built by Ralph of Shrewsbury, [138];
recast by Beckington's executors, ib.;
modern changes in, [139].
Vicars, origin of, [84];
account of, by Richard of the Devizes, [86], [173];
story of a vicar at Saint Paul's, [87], [173];
their original duties, [89];
lived originally in the canons' houses, [87], [138];
Jocelin's legislation about, [88];
incorporated by Ralph of Shrewsbury, [137];
change in their position consequent on the institution of residentiaries, ib.;
their petition to Ralph, [138];
building of the Vicars' Close, ib.;
their collegiate manner of life, [139];
question as to its possible restoration, ib.;
distinction between vicars and petty canons, [140];
admission of laymen to the college, ib.;
distinction between lay-vicars and singing-men, [141];
charter of Elizabeth for their share in the distribution, [174];
property given them by Ralph, [182];
payments secured by the charter of Elizabeth, [187].
Vitalis, Vicar at Saint Paul's,

[173].
W.
Waltham, mode of life of the Canons, [164].
Wardship, meaning of, [178].
Wedmore, granted to the Church of Wells by Eadward the Confessor, [31];
prebends of, [51].
Wellesley, manor of, granted to the Vicars, [182].
Wells, Chapter of, its original foundation, [14], [15];
older than the Bishoprick, [15];
original number of the canons, [24], [39];
increased by Gisa, [31];
their original manner of living, ib.;
compelled to live together by Gisa, [32], [33];
their first property distinct from the Bishop, [33];
oppression of, by Bishop John, [38];
embezzlement of their property by the Provosts, [39];
breaking up of Gisa's discipline, [40];
settlement of the controversy with Bath, [45];
becomes the sole Chapter under Henry the Eighth, [46], [148];
property restored by Reginald, [49];
new constitution of under Bishop Robert, [49-52];
nature and use of the different offices in, [54];
increase in the number of canons, [57];
connexion with the Bishoprick weakened through Robert's changes, [62-64], [173];
part played by in the dispute with Glastonbury, [71];
its constitution fixed by Jocelin, [72];
distribution of its revenues, [90], [174];
regulations as to residence, [90], [174], [176];
origin and number of residentiaries, [92];
their mode of appointment, ib.;
rules as to their residence, [94];
grants of Bishop Roger to, [106];
untouched by the suppression of monasteries, [148];
lands lost by and recovered by Bishop Bourne, [150];
charter of Queen Elizabeth to, [151], [186];
its effect on the relations of the two classes of canons, [151], [152], [187];
its rules as to residence, [176], [187];
its new foundation of the Chapter, [186];
held to consist only of the Dean and Residentiaries, [106], [188];
inconsistency of the new system, [188].
Wells Cathedral Church, its general effect as compared with other churches, [5];
always a church of secular canons, [6], [8];
founded as a collegiate church by Ine, [15];
becomes cathedral under Eadward the Elder, [16];
analogy of Ripon and Manchester, ib.;
character of the oldest building, [24];
tombs of the early bishops,[26];
works of Bishop Robert in, [66];
long retention of the old English church, [66-70];
consecrated by Robert, [67];
character of his building, [68], [69];
beginning of the works of Jocelin, [71];
lectures of Professor Willis on, [72], [73];
extent of the work of Jocelin, [74];
two styles of Early Gothic in, [74-76];
date of the west front, [76];
fall of the vault and consequent repairs, [76-77];
its arrangement and appearance under Jocelin, [78-70];
breaks and stoppages in the nave, [79], [80];
its condition at the end of the thirteenth century, [98-100];
gradual reconstruction of its eastern portions, [103-114];
addition of the Lady chapel, [109];
changes in the choir and presbytery, [100-112];
its completion in the fourteenth century, [114];
raising of the towers, [115-123];
dangerous state of the central tower, [118];
the danger remedied by props, [119-121];
finishing of the western towers, [122];
position of Wells among English churches, [124], [136];
essentially a second class church, [124];
criticism on the west front, [125-128];
excessive smallness of its west doors, [126];
lack of finish to the Western towers, [129];
character and special beauty of the east end, [130-132];
marked horizontal lines in the nave, [132], [133];
treatment of the Arcades, [133], [134];
little damage suffered by, [135];
excellence of the stone, [135];
its connexion with the surrounding buildings, [136];
the church and its appurtenances, completed in the fifteenth century, [145];
modern changes in, [152];
objectionable arrangements in, [153-156];
necessity of reform, [157-161];
Henry the Third's grants to, [172];
fragments of the older east end, [177];
its probable form, ib.
Wells, Historian of, known as the Canon of Wells, quoted, [28], [47].
Wells, Palace of, built by John de Villulâ, [37], [166];
its original position, [38];
present building built by Jocelin, [76];
its style, [76], [81];
great hall added by Robert Burnell, [108], [178];
moat and wall added by Ralph of Shrewsbury, [137], [182];
alienated to Edward Duke of Somerset, and recovered, [149], [186];
undercroft in, [176];
the hall dismantled by Sir John Gates, [177].
Wells, peculiar character of its history, [1-4], [143];
its interest purely ecclesiastical, [3];
relations of the city to the Bishops, ib.;
parliamentary rivalry of Wells and Evesham, [4], [163];
general effect of its buildings, [5], [6];
the oldest seat of the Somersetshire Bishoprick, [11];
why chosen as such, [14];
contrast with Glastonbury, [19];
origin of the name, [19];
preservation of ancient buildings at, [22], [136];
destruction of ditto, [23], [142], [143];
never a walled town, [36];
position of, under John de Villulâ, [37];
grant of municipal rights by Bishop Robert, [40];
analogy of its history with that of England, [101-104];
practically restored to its old position, [106];
gift of the Guildhall by Bishop Bubwith, [123];
grant of municipal rights by Bishop Robert, [170];
interest of its municipal history, [184].
Wells, Saint Cuthbert's Church, its peculiar constitution, [4];
disproportion of its nave and choir, [80].
Wells, Saint John's Priory not a monastery, [150];
its suppression, ib.
Welsh, their position in Somersetshire, [17].
Westminster, history of the Church of, [53], [170];
Norman Church of, the great model in the twelfth century, [69], [170];
octagonal Chapter-house at, [176].
West-Saxons, their conversion to Christianity, [13];
their first Bishoprick, ib.
Whitchurch Church, style of, [75].
White Tower, roof of the chapel in, [179].
Whiting, Richard, Abbot of Glastonbury, his martyrdom, [61];
its cause, [147], [185].
William, Abbot of Saint Alban's, his works, [171].
William Button the First, Bishop, his nepotism, [107];
consecrated at Rome, [171].
William Button the Second, Bishop, his holiness, [107];
alleged miracles in his tomb, ib.
William Fitz-Stephen, quoted, [173].
William of Malmesbury, quoted, [35];
his account of the Church of Westminster, [170].
William of March, Bishop, alleged miracles at his tomb, [109];
oblations at his tomb, [171].
William of Sens, architect of Canterbury Cathedral, [172].
William of Wykeham, designs the nave of Winchester, [81].
William the Conqueror, his grants to Gisa, [31].
William the Englishman, architect of Canterbury Cathedral, [172].
William Rufus, grants the Abbey of Bath to John de Villulâ, [36];
sells the town to him, ib.
Willis, Professor, his lectures on Wells Cathedral, [72], [73];
his opinion of the date of the west front, [76];
of the Chapter-house, [98], [176];
of the Lady chapel, [110], [179];
his remarks on central towers, [118], [180];
his account of the choir, [113];
of Glastonbury, [164].
Wimborne Minster, grouping of towers at, [131], [182].
Winchester Cathedral, nave of, designed by William of Wykeham, [81];
west front of, [125];
arrangement of the Lady chapel, [129].
Winchester, foundation of the Bishoprick, [13], [163];
division of the diocese, ib.
Windsor, Saint George's Chapel, receives lands of Alien Priories, [185];
escapes at the suppression of Colleges, ib.
Winesham, history of the lordship, [29], [31].
Wolsey, Cardinal, his suppression of monasteries, [147].
Wookey, Bishop's house at, [37];
its connexion with the Sub-Deanery, [65], [168];
Jocelin builds the manor at, [76], [171];
its style, [76], [81], [177].
Worcester, plan and date of the Chapter-house, [176].
Wormestor, or Worminster, lands at, bought by Gisa, [31].
Wrexham Church, apse of, [130].
Y.
Yatton Church, disproportion of its nave and choir, [80].
York Minster, burning of, [47];
residentiaries at, how appointed, [92];
chapter-house at, [92];
architecture of the nave, [111];
west front of, [125];
grandeur of its doorways, [127];
arrangement of the east end, [131];
loss of height in the nave, [133];
position of the Vicars at, [141].

THE END.

R. CLAY, SONS, AND TAYLOR, PRINTERS, BREAD STREET HILL.

[1] Translated to Canterbury.

[2] This seems to have been a case of disputed election.

[3] Translated to Canterbury.

[4] Translated to York.

[5] Translated from Worcester.

[6] Translated to Ely.

[7] Translated from Coventry and Lichfield.

[8] Translated to Durham.

[9] Translated from Salisbury.

[10] Translated to York.

[11] Translated from London to Salisbury, and thence to Bath and Wells.

[12] Translated to Canterbury.

[13] Translated from Exeter.

[14] Translated to Durham, thence to Winchester.

[15] Translated from Exeter.

[16] Translated from Hereford.

[17] Deprived for a conspiracy against Pope Leo the Tenth.

[18] Held in plurality with York.

[19] Exchanged for Durham.

[20] Translated from Saint David's.

[21] Deprived on the accession of Queen Mary and reappointed to Chichester under Queen Elizabeth.

[22] Deprived on the accession of Elizabeth.

[23] Father of Francis Godwin the historian, Canon of Wells and afterwards Bishop of Llandaff.

[24] Translated to Winchester.

[25] Translated from Saint David's.

[26] Translated to London and thence to Canterbury.

[27] Translated from Rochester.

[28] Translated to Winchester.

[29] Translated from Peterborough.

[30] Translated to Winchester.

[31] Deprived for refusing the oaths to William and Mary.

[32] Translated from Saint Asaph.

[33] Translated from Saint David's.

[34] Translated from Gloucester.

[35] Translated from Carlisle.

[36] Translated from Oxford.

[37] Translated from Sodor and Man.

[38] Resigned. Died 1870.

Transcriber's Notes
Variations in spelling, punctuation and hyphenation have been retained except in obvious cases of typographical errors.
The redundant footnote on page 15 referring to notes at the end of the book has been removed.
The location and structure of the notes in the original has been retained.