STONE ARTIFACTS
The 46 lithic artifacts include dart points, arrow points, bifacial blades, worked nodules, pitted stones, and other objects. All the chipped stone implements are made of local quartzites and cherts which occur as very small nodules in the older stream terraces near the Harroun Site. The sandstone and hematite employed for the other stone artifacts were most likely collected from local sources also.
Dart Points
Of the 19 dart points recovered, 15 have contracting stems, 3 have expanding stems, and one has a rectangular stem. Eight of the contracting stem series ([Fig. 15], A-D) fall within the shape range of the Gary type (Newell and Krieger, 1949: 164-166 and Fig. 57; Suhm et al., 1954: 430 and Pl. 94), but are smaller (3 to 4 cm. long) than most Gary points reported from other sites. The Gary type has been used as an inclusive group embracing most of the contracting stem dart points of the eastern United States. Several investigators (Ford and Webb, 1956: 52-54 and Fig. 17; Baerreis et al., 1958: 65-69 and Pls. 14-18; Bell, 1958: 28 and Fig. 14) have recognized variants within the broad Gary group, but only a bare beginning toward the definition of the different varieties of Gary has been made.
Three of the Gary points from the Harroun Site ([Fig. 15], B-D) are quite similar to a small variety of Gary which seems to be restricted to northeastern Texas. The shoulders are slight and project laterally; the stem and blade are of approximately equal length. Similar points from the Hogge Bridge Site, Wylie Focus, have been illustrated by Stephenson (1952, Fig. 95, A). Many specimens of this variety were also recovered from the Yarbrough Site on the upper Sabine River by The University of Texas in 1940, and others have been reported from sites in the Iron Bridge Reservoir area on the upper Sabine (Johnson, 1957: 7 and Pl. 3, H-L).
Two of the contracting stem points from the Harroun Site ([Fig. 15], F) have been assigned to the Wells type (Newell and Krieger, 1949: 167 and Fig. 58; Suhm et al., 1954: 488 and Pl. 123). They feature long, narrow stems which are rounded off at the base and the stem edges are ground smooth. One specimen is virtually complete except for a small portion of the tip. This point has narrow shoulders and a blade with slightly convex edges. The second Wells point is represented only by the stem, but it was probably attached to a blade similar to that of the more complete specimen.
Four of the contracting stem dart points ([Fig. 15], J-M) are not assignable with certainty to any recognized type. All are relatively small for dart points. One ([Fig. 15], J) is slender and shoulderless; the stem area is somewhat reminiscent of the Wells type. The other three are vaguely suggestive of the Gary type, but are too aberrant to be identified affirmatively with that or any other type.
The other contracting stem point ([Fig. 15], N) has a concave base, basal thinning, and ground stem edges. At first glance it reminds one of the Plainview type (Krieger, 1947; Suhm et al., 1954: 472 and Pl. 116). However, a drastic expansion just above the base is characteristic of the San Patrice type (Webb, 1946: 13-15 and Pl. 1) and we are confident that this specimen is a San Patrice point.
One of the expanding stem dart points ([Fig. 15], H) has a triangular blade, slight shoulders, and a fairly large stem with smoothed edges. This point is similar to the Trinity type (Suhm et al., 1954: 484-486 and Pl. 82) but is also somewhat reminiscent of type Yarbrough (Ibid.: 492 and Pl. 125).
Another point ([Fig. 15], E) of the expanding stem series has been assigned to the Ellis type (Newell and Krieger, 1949: 166-167 and Fig. 58; Suhm et al., 1954: 420-422 and Pl. 89).
The third expanding stem dart point ([Fig. 15], I) is the crudest of the series. The stem is relatively small and the basal portion is missing. It falls in the general range of the Palmillas type (Suhm et al., 1954: 462 and Pl. 110).
The dart point with a rectangular stem ([Fig. 15], G) is easily the largest projectile point found at the site. The triangular blade has mildly convex edges, and the moderate sized shoulders are slightly barbed. We are reluctant to identify this specimen with any specific type, but in general style it is suggestive of the Bulverde type (Suhm et al., 1954: 404 and Pl. 81). Extreme varieties of the Yarbrough and Morrill types also approach the form of this specimen.
Arrow Points
Only six arrow points were found, including the one associated with Burial No. 1. The burial point ([Fig. 15], O) is of the Perdiz type (Suhm et al., 1954: 504 and Pl. 131). It has a relatively short pointed stem and sharp barbs.
Of the remaining five arrow points, three ([Fig. 15], P-R) have contracting stems and are of the Perdiz type; the other two ([Fig. 15], S-T) have expanding stems and could not be identified with any known type. The three Perdiz points are almost identical in form and are remarkably uniform in size, all falling between 18 and 19 mm. long by 11 to 12 mm. wide at the shoulder. One of the expanding stem arrow points ([Fig. 15], S) is in the same size range as these three Perdiz points, the other is somewhat larger. All of the arrow points except the one from the burial have serrated blade edges.
Bifacial Blades
The two bifacial blades could have been used as small knives, scrapers, or even projectile points. One ([Fig. 16], E), represented by the basal portion, is a triangular blade with a straight base. It is 3.6 cm. wide at the base and is estimated to have been approximately 7 cm. long when complete. It is fairly thin and of reasonably good workmanship. The second bifacial blade ([Fig. 16], F) is smaller than the other, measuring 4.2 cm. long by 2.8 cm. wide at the base. It is crudely pointed at the distal end and has a convex base. The blade edges are sinuous and show little evidence of wear.
Worked Nodules
Six small nodules of chert have been worked and show signs of wear along the worked edges ([Fig. 16], A-D). All were fashioned from small elongated nodules by chipping a sharp edge at one end of the nodule, leaving the basal end smooth and unworked. They are from 4 to 6.5 cm. long. Two of them ([Fig. 16], A-B) are chipped only across one end of the nodule; the others are chipped across one end and down both sides, only the basal end of the nodule being unaltered. Similar artifacts are quite common in sites over most or all of East Texas, but their purpose is unknown.
Drills
An elongated, pointed implement ([Fig. 16], G) with the basal portion missing appears to be the shank of a drill. It has been chipped from gray chert. This fragment is 4.3 cm. long and is from 5 to 13 mm. wide. It is triangular in cross section and the distal end is slightly worn along the edges as though from use.
Fragmentary Chipped Stone Artifacts
Four fragments of chipped stone implements are too incomplete for accurate description. Some or all of them are probably blade fragments from projectile points or bifacial blades.
Milling Stones
One incomplete milling stone is made of light gray quartzite ([Fig. 16], J). It has been pecked around the edges into a broad oval shape and it is smooth from use on both faces. It is 9.8 cm. long, 8.2 cm. wide, and 3.6 cm. thick.
Three small stone fragments smoothed on one face are probably pieces of milling stones, but all are too fragmentary for their original shapes to be determined.
Grooved Stones
An irregular shaped piece of hematite ([Fig. 16], I) has several narrow, intersecting grooves running across one face. The grooves are set at apparently random angles. On the opposite face of this fragment is part of a deep, gouged out pit where the red pigment was evidently scraped away for use as paint.
A piece of fine grained sandstone ([Fig. 16], H) has a broad U-shaped groove across one face. The groove is 20 mm. wide and 6 mm. deep.
Several small pieces of hematite bearing faint scratches were probably used as sources of pigment.
Pitted Stones
There are four pieces of sandstone and hematite with more or less flat sides that have small, circular pits pecked into them ([Fig. 16], K). Three have one pit each, the other has two pits on opposite sides of the stone. The pits are all between 2.5 and 3.0 cm. wide and they vary from 4 to 8 mm. deep.
Miscellaneous Ground Stone Artifacts
Three small pieces of stone are smoothed on one face. One is a cobble measuring 17.7 cm. long, 5.8 cm. wide, and 3.3 cm. thick. The others are too fragmentary for reconstruction, but seem to be pieces of small grinding slabs.