The Beginners of a Nation / A History of the Source and Rise of the Earliest English Settlements in America, with Special Reference to the Life and Character of the People

by Edward Eggleston

Elucidations.

[Note 1, page 321.] There is a paper on this debate in the British Record Office indorsed by Archbishop Laud, "Rec: Octob: 7. 1637," "Propositions wch have devided Mr. Hooker & Mr. Cotton in Newe England. 1. That a man may prove his justification by his works of sanctification, as the first, best, and only cheife evidence of his salvation. 2. Whither fayth be active or passive in justification. 3. Whither there be any saving preparation in a Christian soule before his unyon with Christ. This latter is only Hooker's opinion, the rest of the ministers do not concurr with him: Cotton and the rest of the contrary opinion are against him and his party in all." Colonial Papers, ix, 71. In the next paper in the same volume, also indorsed by Laud, the controversy is more fully set forth. Copies of both are in the Bancroft collection of the New York Public Library. Laud indorsed these papers respectively October 7 and 15, 1637. The Cambridge Synod, which met August 30th, had adjourned late in September, and the debates which divided the two divines must have preceded it, and perhaps preceded the migration of Hooker to Connecticut in 1636. When Haynes was Governor of Massachusetts he had pronounced the sentence of banishment against Williams. But some years later, while Governor of Connecticut, he relented a little and wrote to Williams: "I think, Mr. Williams, I must now confesse to you, that the most wise God hath provided and cut out this part of his world for a refuge and receptacle for all sorts of consciences. I am now under a cloud, and my brother Hooker, with the bay, as you have been, we have removed from them thus far, and yet they are not satisfied." Quoted by Williams in a letter to Mason, 1st Massachusetts Historical Collections, i, 280.

[Note 2, page 322.] The abstract of Hooker's sermon of May 31, 1638, as deciphered and published by Dr. J. Hammond Trumbull, is in the Collections of the Connecticut Historical Society, i, 20, 21, and the Fundamental Laws of 1639 are in Hinman's Antiquities, 20, and ff., and in Trumbull's Blue Laws, 51. Compare also the remarkable letter of Hooker to Winthrop in Connecticut Historical Society Collections, i, 3-15. Hooker objects strongly to the right of arbitrary decisions by the magistrate: "I must confess, I ever looked at it as a way which leads directly to tyranny, and so to confusion, and must plainly profess, if it was in my liberty, I would choose neither to live nor leave my posterity under such government." This letter exhibits Hooker's intellect to great advantage. One is inclined to rank him above most of his New England contemporaries in clearness and breadth of thought.

[Note 3, page 325.] The selling of half-developed homesteads to newcomers by older settlers was of constant occurrence in all the colonies during the colonial period. It was a notable practice on the frontiers of Pennsylvania down to the Revolution, and perhaps later. Hubbard thus describes what went on in every New England settlement: "Thus the first planters in every township, having the advantage of the first discovery of places, removed themselves into new dwellings, thereby making room for others to succeed them in their old." General History of New England, 155.

[Note 4, page 328.] The existence in England of a doctrine resembling that of the followers of Cotton and Mrs. Hutchinson is implied in Welde's preface to the Short Story of the Rise, Reign, and Ruine of Antinomianism. "And this is the very reason that this kind of doctrine takes so well here in London and other parts of the kingdome, and that you see so many dance after this pipe, running after such and such, crowding the Churches and filling the doores and windowes."

[Note 5, page 328.] Giles Firmin's Review of Davis's Vindication, 1693, quotes from a letter of Shepard of Cambridge, Massachusetts: "Preach Humiliation, labor to possess Men with a Sence of Misery and wrath to come. The Gospel Consolations and Grace which some would have only disht out as the Dainties of the times and set upon the Ministry's Table may possibly tickle and ravish some and do some good to some which are Humbled and Converted already. But if Axes and Wedges be not used withal to hew and break this rough unhewn bold but professing age, I am Confident the Work and Fruit ... will be but meer Hypocrisie."

[Note 6, page 330.] Notwithstanding his early imprudence during the partisan excitement in Boston, Whelewright was a man of sound judgment, and his testimony regarding his sister-in-law is the most important we have. "She was a woman of good wit and not onely so, ... but naturally of a good judgment too, as appeared in her civill occasions; In spirituals indeed she gave her understanding over into the power of suggestion and immediate dictates, by reason of which she had many strange fancies, and erroneous tenents possest her, especially during her confinement ... attended by melancholy." Mercurius Americanus, p. 7.

[Note 7, page 338.] Hugh Peter, after his return to England, adopted the views in favor of toleration beginning to prevail there. Nine years after he had obtruded himself so eagerly to testify against Mrs. Hutchinson, he was writing to New England earnest remonstrances against persecution. 4 Massachusetts Historical Collections, vi, where the letters are given.

[Note 8, page 338.] There were those who wished to give time for a second admonition before excommunication, but they were overruled, probably by Wilson. Winthrop, i, 310. It would, perhaps, have been in better form to take the other and less eager course. There is a Latin paper in the British Public Record Office, dated 3 March, 1635, which professes to give a brief and orderly digest of the canons of government constituted and observed in the reformed New England churches. I am unable to trace its authority. From this I quote; "Qui pertinacitur consistorii admonitiones rejecerit a cœna domini suspendatur. Si suspensus, post iteratus admonitiones nulla pœnitentiæ signum dederit ad excomunicationem procedat Ecclesia."

[Note 9, page 341.] It would be a waste of time to controvert the ingenious apologies which have been written to prove that an inexorable necessity compelled the banishment of the Antinomians. The Massachusetts government was in its very nature and theory opposed to religious toleration, as we may see by the reference of the case of Gorton and his companions to the elders, and their verdict that these men, not residents of the jurisdiction, ought to be put to death for constructive blasphemy, a decision that the magistrates by a majority vote would have put in execution if the "deputies" or representative members of the assembly had not dissented. Savage's Winthrop's Journal, ii, 177. The doctrine of intolerance is ingeniously set forth in Cotton's "The Powring Ovt of the Seven Vials, ... very fit and necessary for this Present Age," published in 1642. Cotton compares Jesuits and heretics to wolves, and says, "Is it not an acceptable service to the whole Country to cut off the ravening Wolves?" The Puritans of New England from their very circumstances were slower to accept the doctrine of religious liberty than their coreligionists in England.

INDEX

Abbot, Abp., on Calvert's resignation, [259], n. 6.
Abercromby's Examination, [258], n. 4; [262], n. 11; [263], n. 12.
Aberdeen Burgh Records, no Sabbatarian legislation in, [140], n. 12;
quaint ordinance from, [140], n. 12.
Accidents, New England hung on a chain of slender, [176].
Act, for Church Liberties, 1639, [251]; [265], n. 22;
for discovering popish recusants, [237], m.;
of Toleration, 1649, [255], [256];
act to prevent, etc., [237], m.
Activity, intellectual, men excited to unwonted, [1].
Adam's needle and thread, garments woven of fiber of, [79];
efforts to cultivate, [80].
Admonition to the People of England, [115], m.
Advertisements for Planters of New England, [27], m.
Age of romance and adventure, an, [1], [20];
of colony beginnings, [92];
dramatic and poetic to its core, [100].
Agrarian and industrial disturbance aids the Puritan movement, [111].
Ainsworth wrote tractate on the Jewish ephod, [108].
Alexander, William, Encouragement to Colonies, [258], n. 3.
Alleghanies deemed almost impassable, [11].
Almond, an, for a Parrat, [116].
America excited the most lively curiosity, [2];
notion that it was an Asiatic peninsula, [3];
search for a route through, lasted one hundred and fourteen years, [8];
a Mediterranean Sea sought in the heart of, [11];
fact and fable about, [14];
excepted from the Deluge, [20];
treasure from flowing into Spanish coffers, [74];
Hakluyt spreading sails for, in every breeze, [76];
all one to European eyes, [169].
Amer. Antiqu. Soc. Trans., [22], n. 4.
Amsterdam, Separatists migrated to, [148];
called a common harbor of all opinions, [164].
Anabaptism, divergencies in direction of, in Mass., [267].
Anarchy and despotism the inevitable alternatives of communism, [26].
Anderson's Church of England in the Colonies, [258], n. 3.
Anderson's Commerce, [22], n. 5; [75], m.; [76], m.; [95], n. 3.
Anglican and Puritan party lines not sharply drawn at first, [110].
Anglican Church party, leaders at Zurich and Strasburg, [104];
held to the antique ritual, [106];
content with moderate reforms, [109];
must have a stately liturgy and holy days, [110];
becomes dogmatic, [113];
aided by Hooker's Ecclesiastical Polity, [122].
Anglican zeal founded a nation of dissenters, [91].
Animals, notions about American, [18];
too many kinds for Noah's ark, [20].
Animals for breeding, stock of, [48];
sold by Argall, [50].
Antinomianism, divergencies in direction of, in Mass., [287];
found by Winthrop in Mrs. Hutchinson's teachings, [332].
Antinomians sheltered by Vane and Cotton, [267];
Davenport took part against, in the synod, [343];
banishment of the, [349], n. 9.
See also [Hutchinson, Mrs. Anne], and [Hutchinsonian Controversy].
Antwerp, a place of refuge for the persecuted, [312], n. 18.
Apocalypse of John, the, received hearty consideration from the New England Puritans, [301].
Apostolic primitivism, aim of the Puritan, [303];
goal of the Separatist, [303].
Apostolic succession asserted as essential, [113].
Archdale's Carolina, [171], m.
Archer, Gabriel, wounded by the Indians, [28];
hostile to Smith, [37];
character of, [64], n. 3;
a ringleader in disorders, [63], n. 3;
a paper on Virginia by, [96], n. 7.
Archery on Sunday prohibited, [127].
Arctic continent, an, [2].
Argall, Captain, the first Englishman to see the bison, [24], n. 10, [50];
sent to the Bermudas, went to the fishing-banks for food, [42];
to Mt. Desert for plunder, [47];
bad record and government, [50];
robbed Company and colonists, [50], [52];
fitted out a ship for piracy, [51];
charter procured for a new plantation to protect, [51], [68], n. 13;
escaped in nick of time, [52].
Argonauts of the New World set sail, [25].
Arianism, divergencies in direction of, in Massachusetts, [267].
Ark, The, and The Dove, efforts to prevent departure of, [241];
no Protestant minister or worship on board, [242].
Armada, the Spanish, patriotism aroused by the danger from, [121].
Armenian silk-raisers brought to Virginia, [78].
Arminian Nunnery, [93], m.
Arminianism spreads among the High-Church clergy, [133], [192].
Arminians and Calvinists, Laud attempts to suppress debate between, [194].
Arminians excluded from toleration in the Netherlands, [298], [312], n. 18.
Arnold's History of Rhode Island, [311], n. 17.
Articles of Union, the, provided for freedom of private belief, [312], n. 18.
Arundel, Lord, a friend of Sir George Calvert, [226];
territory assigned to, [259], n. 5.
Asher's History of West India Company, [177], m.
Asia, efforts to reach, [3].
Aspinwall Papers, [56], m.; [70], n. 15; [264], n. 20.
Aubrey's Survey of Wiltshire, [136], n. 5.
Augustine on the Sunday-Sabbath, [137], n. 8; [140], n. 13.
Austerfeld, a cradle of the Pilgrims, [149];
the stolid rustics of, [150];
the font at which Bradford was baptized, [151];
inhabitants at Bradford's birth a most ignorant people, [152].
Austerity in morals a Puritan characteristic, [119].
Auxiliary societies formed, [53].
Avalon, Calvert's province in Newfoundland called, [224], [258], n. 3;
charter of, [225], [234];
primary design of the colony, [225]; [259], n. 5;
troubles of Baltimores and Puritans in, [228];
abandoned by Calvert, [230];
Catholic emigrants to, [239].

Bacon, Lord, objects to heretics settling a colony, [171].
Bacon's Lord, An Advertisement touching Controversies, [117], m.;
Advice to Villiers, [171], m.;
Certain Considerations, [162], m.;
Essay on Plantations, [27], m.;
Observation on a Libel, [163], m.;
Speech in reply to the Speaker, [25], m.
Bacon's Laws of Maryland, [264], n. 19; [265], n. 22.
Bacon, Nathaniel, [60], n. 1.
Bacon, Roger, on the Sunday question, [138], n. 8.
Baillie, Robert, on John Robinson, [156].
Baltimore, first Baron. See [Calvert, George].
Baltimore, Letters to Wentworth, [241], m.
Baltimore, second Baron. See [Calvert, Cecilius].
Bancroft, Richard, Bishop of London, theatrical adulation of King James, [161];
as primate persecutes the Puritans, [162];
stops emigration to Virginia, [168], [183], n. 2.
Baptist Church, the General, on earthly and spiritual authority, [312], n. 19.
Baptists, Williams and his followers become, [303].
Barclay's Inner Life, [146], m.; [186], n. 6; [312], n. 19; [314], n. 24.
Barlow's Svmme and Svbstance, [143], m.; [160], m.; [162], m.; [182], n. 1.
Barrow hanged at Tyburn, [148].
Barrowism a mean between Presbyterianism and Brownism, [148];
the model for the church at Scrooby, [154].
Bawtry, the station near Scrooby, [149], [150], [151].
Baylie, Robert, condemns the toleration of the Dutch, [164], [311], n. 18.
Baylie's Errours and Induration, [164], m.; [311], n. 18.
Bell, ringing of only one, to call people to church, [129];
of more than one a sin, [130].
Bentley's Description of Salem, [200], m.;
Historical Account of Salem, [311], n. 17.
Berkeley, Sir William, persecution of Puritans in Virginia by, [252].
Bermudas, Gates and Somers shipwrecked on the, [40];
birds and wild hogs at the, [41], [65], n. 6;
marvelous escape from the, [41], [65], n. 6.
Beste, George, [2], m.; [4];
on the New World, [21], n. 2.
Biard on Dale's severity to French prisoners, [66], n. 9.
Bible, reading the, as part of the service, reprehended by the extremists, [117].
Birch's Court of James I, [68], n. 10; [69], n. 14; [72], n. 19; [258], n. 1.
Bishoprics filled by Elizabeth, [143].
Bishops, effect of the hostility of the, to the Puritans, [112];
attacked by the Mar-Prelate tracts, [115];
reaction in favor of, [121];
had become Protestant to most people, [123].
Bison found near the Potomac, [50].
Blackstone, William, first settler at Boston, [190].
Blake's Annals of Dorchester, [219], n. 9.
Boston chosen as fittest place for public meetings, [319];
secured Cotton to balance Newton's Hooker, [319].
Boston church, Roger Williams refused to become a minister of, [270].
Boston Town Records, [329], m.
Boulton, a Separatist, recanted and hung himself, [157], n. 2.
Bowling in the streets the daily work at Jamestown, [44].
Bowls, Calvin playing at, on Sunday, [124];
Mar-Prelate berates the Bishop of London for playing, [128].
Bownd's, Dr., Sabbath of the Old and the New Testament, [124], [128];
views rapidly accepted, [129];
ultra-propositions exceeded, [130];
captivated the religious public, [130];
opposition to, [131];
new edition published, [132], [139], n. 10.
Bozman, [265], n. 22.
Bradford, William, a silk-weaver in Leyden, [169];
chosen governor at Plymouth, [179];
abolishes communism, [180];
of high aspiration restrained by practical wisdom, [306].
Bradford's Dialogue of 1593, [146], m.;
Plimoth Plantation, [145], m.; [153], m.; [154], m.; [155], m.; [158], n. 3; [165], m.; [166], m.; [175], m.; [184], n. 4; [186], n. 9; [274], m.
Brewster, William, at court, [152];
master of the post at Scrooby, [153];
secured ministers for neighboring parishes who were silenced, [153];
the host and ruling elder of the Scrooby church, [154];
useful career of, [155];
project of forming a new state, [167];
books owned by, [168].
Briefe Declaration, MS., [27], m.; [40], m.; [43], m.; [44], m.; [45], m.; [46], m.; [47], m.; [66], n. 9.
Brieff Discourse of the Troubles begun at Frankfort, [135], n. 3.
Briggs, Henry, on the nearness of the Pacific, [10], [22], n. 6.
Bristol colony in Newfoundland, [258], n. 3.
British Museum, MS., [42], m.; [44], m.
Broughton wrote a tractate on the Jewish ephod, [108].
Brown, Richard, submitted to remonstrance, [290].
Browne, John and Samuel, sent back to England by Endecott, [200].
Browne, Robert, leader of the Separatists, [145];
despised for recanting, died in prison, [146];
career lasted only four or five years, [147];
John Robinson's justification of, [157], n. 1;
authorities on, [157], n. 1; [158], n. 2.
Brownists. See [Separatists].
Brown's Genesis of the United States, [94], n. 1; [183], n. 3.
Bruce's Economic History of Virginia, [95], n. 3.
Buckingham dominant at court, [193];
consents to sale of Calvert's secretaryship, [227].
Bull and bear baiting on Sunday, [129].
Bullein's Dialogue against the Fever Pestilence, [23], n. 8; [126].
Burgesses, House of, in Virginia, [55].
Burk's History of Virginia, [69], n. 13.
Burleigh, Lord Treasurer, treatise on Execution of Justice in England published by, [238].
Burns's Prel. Diss. to Woodrow, [159], m.; [160], m.
Busher, Leonard, petitioned James I for liberty of conscience, [312], n. 19.

Cabins at Jamestown, [29].
Cabot, John, discovers America, [3];
his ships retarded by codfish, [18];
Deane's voyages of, [21], n. 1;
Harrisse on, [21], n. 1.
Cabot, Sebastian, not a discoverer, [21], n. 1;
a doubtful authority, [24], n. 9.
Calendar of Colonial Documents, [70], n. 15; [96], n. 5; [259], n. 5.
Calendar of Domestic Papers, [259], n. 6.
Calendar of Domestic State Papers James I, [77], m.
Calendar of State Papers America, [224], m.
Caliban suggested by popular interest in savages, [17].
Calvert, Cecilius, second Lord Baltimore, son of George Calvert, [234];
expected large Catholic migration, [240];
religious aim of, [240];
partners in financial risks, [240], [263], n. 13;
policy of toleration, [242];
orders the Catholic service to be conducted privately on shipboard, [242];
a conservative opportunist, [243];
supported at court by Strafford, [249];
schemes against Virginia, [249], [264], n. 21;
seeks to be governor, [250];
offer to New England people, [252];
had Maryland oath of fidelity modified for Puritans, [253];
yielded office of governor to Protestant, [254];
again master of Maryland, [257].
Calvert, George, character of, [221];
his rise in power, [223];
denied being bribed by Spain, [223], [258], n. 1;
member of Virginia Company, 1609, [224], [229];
councilor for New England, [224];
establishes colony in Newfoundland, [224], [239];
his conversion to Catholicism, [226];
intractable, [225];
resigned secretaryship and made Baron Baltimore, [228], [259], n. 6;
in Newfoundland, [228], [229];
sails to Virginia, [229];
not received hospitably, [230];
refuses to take oath of supremacy, and leaves Virginia, [232];
religious enthusiasm, [233], [258], n. 3;
passion for planting colonies, [233];
death of, [233].
Calvert Papers, [250], m.; [264], n. 17.
Calvin, John, the dominant influence at Geneva, [104];
on the Sabbath, [124];
Cotton a follower of, [329].
Calvinism, materials for subjective joys provided by, [327].
Calvinistic churches, efforts to assimilate the Church of England to the, [112];
controversy adds another issue, [133];
doctrines popular, [328], [329], [347], n. 4.
Calvinists and Arminians, Laud's attempt to suppress debates between, [194].
Cambridge settled under the name of Newtown, [317].
Cambridge pledge, the, of Winthrop and others, [209].
Camden's Elements of New England, [177], m.
Canada, Brownists ask leave to settle in, [167].
Cannibalism at Jamestown, [39];
denied by Gates, [65], n. 5.
Cape Anne, failure of Dorchester Company's colony on, [189], [199].
Cape Cod shoals turn back the Mayflower, [177], [186], n. 7.
Carlisle's treatise, [75], m.
Cartwright, leader of the Presbyterians, [112], [136], n. 6.
Cartwright's Admonition to Parliament, [129], m.
Carver, John, chosen governor, [173], [184], n. 4.
Castle Island, platform constructed on, [284].
Catholic conscience, oath made offensive to the, [237].
Catholic migration, the, [220];
revival in England, [226];
settlers in Newfoundland, [228], [239];
Baltimore family openly, [228], [235];
migration to Maryland small, [240];
pilgrims very religious, [243], [244], [245];
tax on Catholic servants in Maryland, [248];
colony in Maryland until after 1640, [247];
at peace with Puritans in Maryland, [254];
element protected in Maryland, [257];
party in minority in Maryland, [266].
Catholicism condoned, to conciliate Spain, [238];
tide toward, in England, [240].
Catholics, Irish, not allowed to settle in Virginia, [231];
Baltimore's party of, repelled from Virginia, [231];
harsh laws in England against, [236], [237], [238];
enforcement of penal statutes against, [239];
co-religionists of queen, [239];
toleration and protection to English Catholics in Maryland, [242];
no perfect security for, in Maryland, [248];
rich and influential families of, in Maryland, [264], n. 18;
conciliation to Protestants at expense of fairness toward, [251];
papist religion forbidden, [257];
excluded from toleration in the Netherlands, [298], [312], n. 18.
Catlet, Colonel, reaches the Alleghanies, [11].
Cattle, scarce in Massachusetts colony, [320];
perished in Connecticut, [324].
Cavalier emigration to Virginia, [345].
Cedar timber exported, [45].
Ceremonies, observance of pompous, [101];
bitter debates about, [108];
ceased to be abhorrent, [123].
Certayne Qvestions concerning the high priest's ephod, [108], m.
Chapman, Jonson and Marston's Eastward, Ho! [23], n. 8.
Charles I, coronation robe of silk for, from Virginia, [78];
obliterated by Puritanism, [133].
Charles II wore silk raised in Virginia, [78].
Charter, the Great, granted by the Virginia Company, [55], [173], [206];
only information concerning, [70], n. 15.
Charter for a private plantation obtained by Warwick, [51], [68], n. 13.
Charter of New England, 1620, [173];
of the Massachusetts Company, [210], [218], n. 7;
of Avalon, April 7, 1623, [225];
for precinct in Virginia granted to Leyden pilgrims, [229];
for new palatinate on north side of the Potomac granted to Baltimore, [233];
of Maryland passed, [234];
terms of the, [234], [235], [236];
compared with those of Avalon, [234];
ambiguous, [251].
Charter-House School founded by legacy as Sutton's Hospital, [268];
attended by Roger Williams, [268].
Chesapeake Bay mapped by Captain John Smith, [36].
Chesapeake region securely English, [345].
Chimes not in accord with a severe Sabbath, [129].
Church, a "particular," Puritans desire to found, [197];
the unit of New England migration, [325].
Church at Jamestown enlarged, [42], [65], n. 7.
Church economy, each system of, claimed divine authority, [113].
Church, English, Laud sought to make Catholic, [193].
Church government, three periods of, [112], [136], n. 6;
questions of, fell into abeyance, [137], n. 6;
Barrowism, the form of, brought to New England, [148];
Puritans desire to make real their ideal of, [198];
Puritan passion for, [212].
Church of England repudiated as antichristian, [147];
divergencies in direction of, in Massachusetts, [267].
Church of the exiles at Frankfort, the factions in developed into two great parties, [105].
Church quarrels at Strasburg and Frankfort, [105];
reform, no hope of securing, [196], [197].
Churches of Massachusetts formed on model of Robinson's Independency, [213];
lack of uniformity in the early, [215];
borrowed discipline and form of government from Plymouth, [215].
Churchill's Voyages, [265], n. 23.
Churchmen, High, aggressive, [113].
Cities of refuge on the Continent, [104];
English churches organized in, [104].
Civet cat, Hariot thought, would prove profitable, [19].
Claiborne, claim of, to Kent Island, [253].
Clap's, Roger, Memoirs, [213], m.
Clarendon Papers, [67], n. 9.
Clarke's Gladstone and Maryland Toleration, [245], m.
Clergymen most active writers in favor of colonization, [91];
some preach sermons but stay away from public prayer, [143];
supported by magistrates in Massachusetts if church order was disturbed, [266];
men of unusual prudence in ranks of, [266].
Climate of Great Britain not favorable to raising products of the Mediterranean, [75].
Coddington's Letter, [308], n. 9.
Code of Lawes, Divine, Morall, and Martiall, by Sir Thomas Smyth, [70], n. 16; [132].
Codfish, multitude of, on coast of Newfoundland, [18].
Coxe, Sir Edward, defended legacy which founded Charter-House School, [268];
appointed Roger Williams to a scholarship, [268];
schism detested by, [270].
College proposed and endowed, [91].
Collier's Ecclesiastical History of Great Britain, [263], n. 12.
Colonial Constitution of Virginia modified for the worse, [249].
Colonial Papers, [68], n. 11; [71], n. 18; [262], n. 11; [264], n. 21; [265], n. 25; [346], n. 1.
Colonial proprietors, [70], n. 15.
Colonial Records of Virginia, [70], n. 15.
Colonies, secondary, [220].
Colonists, efforts of friends to succor, thwarted, [47];
loss of life among, in Virginia, [58].
Colonization, English, the fate of, settled by the experiments on the James River, [58];
promoted, to get rid of excess of population, [136], n. 5;
unwise management ruined many projects for, [178].
Colony, English, rise of the first, [1];
motives for founding, [73].
Colony government, primary and secondary forms of, [218], n. 7.
Colony of St. Maries, [245].
Colony-planters drawn from the ranks of the uneasy, [171], [220].
Colony-planting, Hakluyt's tireless advocacy of, [5];
John Smith on, [37];
spurred by three motives, [74];
kept alive by delusions, [74];
first principles of, not understood, [76];
an economic problem, [84];
the religious motive most successful in, [189], [220];
centrifugal forces in, [220], [266].
Commandment, the fourth, held to be partly moral, partly ceremonial, [138], n. 8; [140], n. 13;
Shepard holds it to be wholly moral, [140], n. 13.
Commerce with the Orient, the hope of, retarded settlement, [4].
Commissions, forged, to "press" maidens, [72], n. 19.
Commodities, sixteen staple, exhibited from Virginia, [49];
production of, the main hope of wealth for Virginia, [75], [97], n. 9.
Commons inclosed, [111], [135], n. 5.
Commons Journal, [71], n. 18.
Communion, withdrawal of, a fundamental principle of Separatism, [271].
Communism at Jamestown, [26], [42];
abolished, [56];
attempted at Plymouth, [169], [185], n. 4;
abolished by Bradford, [180];
evils of, [186], n. 9.
Compact, the, of the Pilgrims, [173], [183], n. 4; [185], n. 5.
Company's Chief Root of Differences, the, [52], m.;
authors of, [69], n. 13.
Congregationalism, rise of, in New England, [214].
Connecticut, a secondary colony, [220];
the migration to, has an epic interest, [316];
independent constitution adopted by, [325];
accounts adverse to, circulated in England, [326].
Connecticut Historical Society Collections, [326], m.; [347], n. 2.
Connecticut River, stories of the fertility of the intervale land on the, [322];
dangerous Pequots on the, [323];
soil did not need to be "fished," [324].
Consciences, oppressed, places of refuge for, in the Low Countries, [163].
Conservative and radical, difference between constitutional, [109];
churchman limited his Protestantism, [109].
Constitutional government, starting point of, in the New World, [55].
Continent, an arctic and antarctic, [2];
crossed by Ingram in a year, [14].
Controversie concerning Liberty of Conscience, [300], m.
Conversion of the Indians, desired for the sake of trade, [16], [90], [216], n. 4;
orders for the, [42];
interest in, becomes secondary, [204], [209];
authorities on the, [216], n. 4;
by the Catholics, [247].
Convicts asked for by Dale, [47].
Cook's Historical View of Christianity, [138], n. 8.
Cooper, Dr., Bishop of Winchester, answered first Mar-Prelate tract, [116].
Copley, business administrator of Jesuits, [251], [264], n. 17.
Corn not planted at proper season, [44], [60], n. 2;
ground for, cleared, [48];
more raised by private than by public labor, [49].
Cotton, John, apparent sanction of Antinomianism by, [267];
one of the greatest luminaries of the Puritans and one of the lights of New England, [269];
apostle of theocracy, shaped ecclesiastical affairs in New England, [279], [308], n. 8;
his rivals left Massachusetts, [280];
virtually attained a bishop's authority, [280];
on Williams's book, [282];
complete system of church-state organization, [287];
verbal legerdemain on Williams's banishment, [297];
casuistry of, [299], [313], n. 20; [321];
attitude toward Williams's banishment, [299], [300], [313], n. 21;
source of his intolerance, [300];
belongs among the diplomatic builders of churches, [306];
uncandid and halting accounts of Williams's trial, [309], [310], n. 12; [311], n. 17;
curious sinuosity of conscience, [313], n. 21;
secured by Boston to balance Newtown's Hooker, [319];
rivalry with Hooker, [320];
Puritanism of, grew in a garden of spices, [321];
of a sanguine temperament, [328];
his advent followed by widespread religious excitement, [329];
theological differences between his teachings and those of Hooker, [346], n. 1;
Model of Moses his Judicials, [326];
opinions recanted and modified by, [336];
defends Mrs. Hutchinson, [337];
persuades her to recant, [339];
disfranchises her sons, [339];
belated zeal of, against the sectaries, [341];
wallows in superstition, [341].
Cotton planted, [29].
Cotton's Answer to Williams's Examination, [308], n. 10, 11; [310], n. 16; [313], n. 20, 21;
Fountain of Life, [328], m.;
Sermon on the Church's Resurrection, [331], m.; [334], m.;
Way of Congregational Churches, [157], n. 2; [219], n. 10; [330], m.; [336], m.
Council for New England grants a patent to the Massachusetts projectors, [199], [207].
Councilors of estate in Virginia, [55].
Counter-Blaste to Tobacco, [84], m.
Country, a barren, a great whet to industry, [177].
Courtier, the honor of a, possessed by Calvert, [223];
the happiest has least to do at court, [258], n. 1.
Courts of High Commission, penalties of, [270].
Covenant of grace vs. covenant of works, [331], [334], [335].
Cox, Richard, followers of, dispute with those of John Knox, [105].
Cox's Literature of the Sabbath Question, [127], m.; [138], n. 8; [139], n. 10.
Cradock, Mathew, Governor of the Massachusetts Company, proposes transfer of the government, [206], [208], [209];
resigned his governorship, [210];
denounced by Laud, [211];
letter to Endecott, [216], n. 4.
Credulity about America, [2], [20];
abyss of seventeenth century, [341].
Customs, low, advocated by Captain John Smith, [37].
Cyuile and Vncyuile Life, [134], n. 1.

Dainties, preachers who spread a table of, complained of, [328], [348], n. 5.
Dainty, Argall's voyage in the, [50].
Dale, Sir Thomas, sent to Virginia, [43];
tyranny of, [45]- [47];
horrible cruelties of, [46];
services, [47];
theatrical return, [48], [68], n. 10;
glowing reports of the country, [49], [168];
cruelties of, proved, [66], n. 9;
his severity, [67], n. 9;
various authorities on, [67], n. 9.
Danvers, Sir John, interested in the Virginia Company, [54];
in power, [71], n. 17;
one of the fathers of representative government in America, [173].
Darien, Isthmus of, [6].
Davenport, John, took part in the synod, [343];
with his followers planted the New Haven colony, [343].
Days of the week, scruples about the heathen names of the, [302], [314], n. 23.
Days of fasting and prayer appointed, [324].
De Costa, in Mag. of Amer. Hist., [23], n. 8.
De la Warr, Lady, plundered by Argall, [50].
De la Warr, Lord, sends expedition for gold, [13];
arrival of, regretted by the old settlers, [41];
governor at Jamestown, [41];
resides at the falls of the James, [43];
flight of, from the colony, [43];
nominally governor, [44];
ceremonious landing at Jamestown, [101];
escorted to church by gentlemen and guards, [102].
Deane, Charles, Voyages of Cabot, [21], n. 1;
misunderstood a statement by Bradford, [184], n. 4.
Debate, the Puritan, [108];
bitterness of the, [114];
new issues, [123];
advantage of new ground of, to the Puritan, [131].
Debates, theological, concerned with speculative dogmas, [108].
Declaration of Virginia, [95], n. 3.
Delft Haven, the parting at, [175].
Delusions in colony-planting, [74].
Deptford, gold-refining works at, [13].
De Rasieres's letter, [103], m.
Dermer, seeking the Pacific, is driven into Long Island Sound, [9].
Description of the Now-discovered river and Country of Virginia, [96], n. 7.
Desertion, Dale's punishment for, [46].
Devil worship, Indian, belief in, [16].
De Vries's Voyages, m., [231].
Dexter, F. B., in Winsor's Narrative and Critical History, [155], m.
Dexter's H. M., Congregationalism, [147], m.; [157], n. 1; [185], n. 6;
"As to Roger Williams," as erudite as it is one-sided, [311], n. 17.
Discontent, numerous causes for, [111], [135], n. 5.
Discourse of the Old Virginia Company, [54], m.; [66], n. 9; [68], n. 11; [70], n. 16.
Discovery, the pinnace, [25].
Dispersions from the mother colony, [315].
Display, love of, in Elizabeth's time, [98];
greatness declared itself by, [100], [134], n. 2.
Dissension, outbreak of, among the English Protestant exiles, [104].
Dividends, Dale's aim to make the colony pay, [45].
D'Ogeron supplied buccaneers with wives, [71], n. 18.
Dogs as food, [8].
Domestic Correspondence, James I, [134], n. 1.
Dorchester Company, failure of colony of, on Cape Ann, [189], [199].
Dorchester, Mass., church covenant, [219], n. 9;
ready to follow the lead of Hooker, [323];
settlers remove from to Connecticut, [324];
church emigrated bodily, [325].
Drama, the age of the, [99].
Dress, inordinate display in, [134], n. 2;
laws to repress, [100];
excesses in, denounced, [120];
regulations against, in Massachusetts, [285].
Drunkenness, punishment for, [342].
Dudley, a zealous advocate of religious intolerance, [287];
impatient to snuff out Williams, [288];
verse by, [288];
rude and overbearing, [338].
Dudley to the Countess of Lincoln, [174], [317], m.
Durham, legal power of Bishops of, given to proprietor of Maryland, [236], [263], n. 12.
Dutch Government declined to assure the Pilgrims of protection against England, [173];
made tempting offers to the Independents, [176];
despised for showing toleration, [298], [311], n. 18;
laid claim to the Connecticut, [323];
occupation giving way, [346].
Duties, heavy, on tobacco, [85], [96], n. 8.
Dyer, Mary, misfortune of, [340].

East India Company's agents, cruelty of, [67], n. 9.
East Indies, desire for a short passage to the, [3], [4], [5], [12], [22], n. 5.
Eastward, Ho! the play of, [23].
Ecclesiastical Commission, the inquisitorial, [114].
Ecclesiastical extension desired by the English Church, [90];
organization of the Brownists dominant, [141];
politics explosive in Massachusetts, [326];
system of government, petty tyranny that inheres in, [342].
Economic success of the Virginia colony assured, [49];
adverse conditions more deadly than an ungenial climate, [78];
problems solved by homely means, [84].
Edwards, T., Antapologia, [217], n. 4.
Eliot, Sir John, confined in the Tower, [203].
Eliot, John, convinced of error, [290], [291];
usher and disciple of Hooker, [317].
Eliot's Biography, [201], m.; [288], m.
Elizabeth, Queen, jeweled dresses of, [98];
gorgeous progresses of, [99];
could not compel uniformity, [109];
threatens to unfrock a bishop, [110];
molded the church to her will, [112];
her policy of repression resulted in the civil war, [114];
greatest popularity in last years of her reign, [121].
Elizabethan age, the, [1];
prodigal of daring adventure, [20].
Ellis Letters, The, [182], n. 1.
Ellis collection, first series, [238], m.
Elton's brief biography of Roger Williams, [311], n. 17.
Emigrants sail for Virginia, [25];
bad character of the, [27], [59].
Emigration to New England quickened by troubles that preceded the civil war, [344];
reached greatest height in 1638, [344];
ceased entirely in 1640, 344;
to Virginia and Maryland, received impetus from check of Puritan exodus, [344], [345].
Emmanuel College, Cambridge, the cradle of Puritan divines, [316].
Endecott, John, leadership and character of, [200];
cut arm of cross from English colors, [201];
put Quakers to death, [202];
impetuous radicalism of, [271];
protested against the double injustice to Salem, [291];
arrested, apologized, and submitted, [291];
witnesses for Mrs. Hutchinson browbeaten by, [338].
England, danger from, feared in Massachusetts, [284], [285].
English, character of the, at the period of Elizabeth and James, [20];
sober living of, [342];
superior aptitude of, for planting agricultural communities, [346];
compactness of settlement and increase of, decided the fate of North America, [346].
English knowledge and notions of America, [1];
first protest against oppression, [56];
jealousy of Spain, [74], [94], n. 1;
ecclesiastics reproached by Roman Catholics, [90], [97], n. 11;
Church leaders not content while Spanish priests converted infidels, [90];
eminent clergy among the exiled, [104];
churches organized in cities of refuge, [104];
beginning of two parties in the Church, [107];
heads of the Church attacked by Mar-Prelate, [115];
laws against Catholics embarrass the foreign policy, [238];
rise of the first of the colonies, [1];
prospective ascendency of the colonies, [345].
English Protestantism. See [Protestantism, English].
Ephod of Jewish high priest, discussion of material of, [108].
Epworth, the nest of Methodism, [150].
Esquimaux kidnapped by Frobisher, [17].
Eustachius and his document dropped from heaven, [138], n. 8.
Evans, Owen, accused of "pressing" maidens, [72], n. 19.
Evelyn's Diary, [18], m.; [134], n. 1.
Excerpta de Diversis Literis, [246], m.
Excommunication dreaded by the Puritans, [339].
Exiles, the English, [104];
return of, [107];
results of their squabbles, [107].
Exploration, American, the history of, a story of delusion and mistake, [3];
retarded settlement, [4].
Extravagance of Indian tales, [8].

Factions at Jamestown, [36], [64], n. 4.
Fairs and markets on Sundays, [138], n. 8.
Faith, devotion to, [245].
Families, the colony a camp of men without, [42];
a plantation can never flourish without, [57];
some, sent to Virginia with De la Warr, [65], n. 8.
Family of Love, Anne Hutchinson accused of accepting the doctrines of the, [335].
Famine at Jamestown, [38], [65], n. 5.
Fast day, a, appointed in Massachusetts, [286].
Ferrar, John, election of, [71], n. 17;
deputy governor, [91].
Ferrar, Nicholas, Jr., deputy governor of Virginia Company, [91];
established a religious community at Little Gidding, [92];
austere discipline of, [93];
mediæval enthusiasm of, [194].
Ferrar, Nicholas, Sr., courts of Virginia Company held at house of, [91];
gave money for educating infidels in Virginia, [91].
Ferrars, the, among the founders of liberal institutions in America, [173].
Firearms, sale of, to the savages, [191], [216], n. 1.
Firmin's, Giles, Review of Davis's Vindication, [348], n. 5.
Fisheries, American, importance of, foreseen, by Capt. John Smith, [37];
of Newfoundland, [261], n. 7.
Fishing on Sunday, ordinances against, [127].
Fishing seasons in the James River learned, [49].
Fleet, Henry, only survivor of Spelman's party, [22], n. 7.
Fleet's Journal, [23], n. 7.
Flemish Protestants favored independency, [158], n. 2.
Font, the stone, at which Bradford was baptized, [151].
Food, bad and insufficient, [45], [46].
Force, men not to be converted by, [312], n. 19.
Formalities, proper, never omitted, [41], [101];
at Plymouth, [102].
Founding of a state a secondary end, [73].
Fox, Luke, sails to the northwest, [10].
Franck's, Sebastian, Chronica, [314], n. 24.
Frankfort, disputes in the church at, produced great results, [105];
character of debates at, [105];
rapid changes produced by the, [106], [135], n. 3.
Freemen's oath extended to residents, [289], [308], n. 11;
opposed by Williams, [289], [309], n. 12.
Fresh River of the Dutch, the Connecticut, [324].
Frobisher's, Sir Martin, voyages, [2], [4], n. 1;
brilliant failure, [5];
attempt to plant a colony, [7];
finds "gold eure," [13];
Voyages, [21], n. 1.
Fuller, Thomas, judgment of Captain John Smith, [63], n. 3.
Fuller's Church History, [103], m.; [131], m.; [157], n. 1; [160], m.;
Worthies, [259], n. 6.

Gainsborough, the hamlet of, [150].
Gammell's Life of Roger Williams, [311], n. 17.
Gardens, private, apportioned in Virginia, [48], [49], [68], n. 12.
Gates, Sir Thomas, wrecked on the Bermudas, [40];
abandoned the wreck of Jamestown, [41], [101];
sent to England for cattle, [41];
denied that human flesh was eaten, [65], n. 5;
installed governor in proper form, [101].
General Court of Massachusetts protested against selection of Williams as a minister of the Salem church, [271];
prevented his ordination, [272], [307], n. 5;
makes regulations for dress, [285];
appointed a fast day, [286];
promulgated a new resident's oath, [289];
"convented" Williams several times, [289];
forced Salem into submission, [291], [293];
tried and banished Williams, [292];
fearing his settlement at Narragansett Bay, agreed to send him to England, [294];
banished scores for their opinions, [297];
the real extenuation for the conduct of the, [297];
character of the age forbids condemnation of, [300].
Geneva, the city of refuge for the Puritans, [104];
differences between exiles at, and those at Zurich, [107].
Gibbons, Captain, of Boston, commission sent to, [252].
Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, on a northwest passage, [5];
attempt to plant a colony, [7].
Glass-blowers ran away to the Indians, [83].
Glass, window, not used in the colony, [65], n. 7.
Glass-works established near Jamestown, [83], [95], n. 5.
Glastonbury, also called Avalon, [258], n. 3.
Glover in Phil. Trans., [11], m.
Godspeed, The, [25].
Gold and silver, exportation of, restrained by law, [75].
Gold, belief in finding, in North America, [12], [14], [22], n. 7; [75].
Gold-hunting, [7], [12];
in Virginia, [13], [23], [42].
Gold mines of the Hudson River, [23].
Gondomar's spies in the Virginia Company, [87];
influence over Calvert, [226], [258], n. 2.
Goodman's Court of King James, [258], n. 2.
Goodwin, Thomas, and others, Apologetical Narrative, [185], n. 6.
Gorges's Briefe Narration, [196], m.
Gowns and litanies, squabbles about, [107].
Gosnold, agitating for a new colony, [33];
failure of colony in Buzzard's Bay established by, [178].
Government, democratic, established by the Pilgrims before sailing, [185], n. 5;
three primary steps for, in America, due to Englishmen who did not cross the sea, [205].
Government, representative form of, established, [55], [89];
faint promise of, in Maryland charter, [234].
Governmental functions exercised by commercial corporations, [218], n. 8.
Grace after meat opposed by Williams, [289], [290], [292], [309], n. 12.
Greenham's, Richard, MS. on the Sabbath, [128].
Greenwood, leader of the Separatists, hanged at Tyburn, [148].
Grenville, Sir Richard, sent to Virginia by Ralegh, [21], n. 3.
Guiana or North America, Pilgrims choose between, [169].
Guicciardini on use of spices, [22], n. 5.
Guilds, dissolution of the, [111].

Haies in Hakluyt's Voyages, [5], m.
Hakluyt, Richard, a forerunner of colonization, [5];
belief of, in a passage to the Pacific, [6];
stories of gold, [12];
of mulberry trees, [76].
Hakluyt's Discourse on Western Planting, [6], m.; [94], n. 1; [97], n. 11;
Voyages, [2], [5], m.; 8, m.; [12], m.; [23], n. 8.
Hamor, Raphe, secretary under Dale, a signer of the Tragicall Relation, [66], n. 9;
True Discourse, [66], n. 9; [68], n. 12; [70], n. 16; [95], n. 3.
Hampton Court conference, [159];
authorities on the, [182], n. 1.
Hanbury's Memorials, [157], n. 1, n. 2; [158], n. 3.
Hancock, Thomas, the Luther of England, [125].
Hanging clemency, [46];
preferred to transportation to Virginia, [54];
and to the old tyranny, [56].
Hardwicke Papers, [238], m.
Hariot's Briefe and True Report, [80], m.
Harleian Miscellany, [240], m.
Harrington's Nugæ Antiquæ, [116], m.; [161], m.; [162], m.; [182], n. 1.
Harrisse's, Henry, John Cabot, the Discoverer of America, [21], n. 1.
Hartlib's Reformed Virginia Silkworm, [79].
Harvey, Sir John, sends expedition for gold, [13];
Governor of Virginia, [249];
quarreled with Virginians, [249];
counter-revolution, [249].
Hawkins, Jane, Mrs. Hutchinson an associate of, [340].
Hawkins, Sir John, lands luckless seamen in Mexico, [14].
Haynes, Governor of Massachusetts, [332];
pronounced sentence against Williams, [347], n. 1;
letter to Williams while Governor of Connecticut quoted, [347], n. 1.
Health to the Gentlemanly Profession of Servingmen, [134], n. 1.
Hearne's Langtoft's Chronicle, [93], m.
Hening's Statutes, [78], m.; [79], m.; [97], n. 9.
Henrietta Maria, Maryland named for, [245];
godmother to Maryland, jealous of Calvert, [249].
Henry, Prince, interested in Virginia colony, [43].
Henry, William Wirt, Address, [63], n. 3.
Hessey's Bampton Lectures, [139], n. 10.
Hind's Making of the England of Elizabeth, [135], n. 3.
Hinman's Antiquities, [347], n. 2.
Hogs, brood, of the colony eaten, [38];
wild, in the Bermudas, [41], [65], n. 6.
Holinshed's Chronicles, [22], n. 5.
Holland, the "mingle mangle of religions" in, [164].
Holmes's History of Cambridge, [318], m.; [320], m.
Home, Virginia for the first time a, [58].
Home-makers sent to Virginia, [57], [58].
Homesteads at Newtown sold to newcomers, [325], [347], n. 3.
Hooft, Nederlandsche Historie, [312], n. 18.
Hooker, Thomas, one of the greatest luminaries of the Puritans, [269];
desire of his party to move to Connecticut, [285], [315];
set to dispute with Williams, [292];
early life of, [316];
driven from his pulpit by Laud, [317];
fled to Holland, [317];
a company of his people settled at Newtown, [317];
arrival at Newtown, [319];
rivalry with Cotton, [320];
somber theology of, [320];
difference between his teachings and those of Cotton, [321], [346], n. 1;
theories of civil government more liberal than Cotton's, [322];
limited the power of the magistrate, [322], [347], n. 2;
the real founder of Connecticut, [325].
Hornbeck on John Robinson, [158], n. 3.
Horses eaten, [38].
Houses burned for firewood, [40].
Hubbard's History of Massachusetts, [308], n. 8;
History of New England, [207], m.; [215], m.; [347], n. 3;
testimony of, unreliable, [311], n. 17.
Hudson, Henry, influenced by Captain John Smith, seeks the South Sea, [9].
Hudson River gold, [23], n. 7.
Huguenots of La Rochelle, England allied with, [239].
Humming birds exported, [18].
Hundreds or plantations, [54], [55].
Hunt, Robert, first minister in Virginia, [90].
Hunter, Rev. Joseph, on Shakespeare's Tempest, [65], n. 6.
Hunter's Founders of New Plymouth, [150], m.; [152], m.; [155], m.; [170], m.
Hutchinson, Mrs. Anne, an ardent disciple of Cotton in old Boston, [329];
character of, [329], [330];
"masterpiece of womens wit," [330];
meetings for women opened by, [330];
doctrines of, [331];
the very apostle of Cotton's doctrine, [333];
brought to trial by her opponents, [337];
adroit defense, [338];
condemned by the General Court, [338];
sentenced to banishment, [339];
recanted, but was excommunicated, [339], [348], n. 8;
her sons disfranchised, [339];
settled in Rhode Island with her party, [340];
accused of witchcraft by Winthrop, [340];
wild reports about, [340], [341];
massacred by Indians at New Netherland, [341].
Hutchinson on the Virginia Colony, [186], n. 8.
Hutchinson Papers, [215], m.; [299], m.; [307], m.; [329], n. 1.
Hutchinson party partisans of Vane, [332];
arrogance of the, [333];
Pastor Wilson condemned by, [333].
Hutchinson's History of Massachusetts Bay, [211], m.; [337], m.
Hutchinsonian controversy, the, [326], [327];
the debate waxed hot, [334].
Hypocrites better than profane persons, [299].

Idolatry, Puritanism a crusade against, [118].
Illusions of discoverers, [3], [75].
Inclosures, effects of, [135], n. 5;
for private not the publick good, [136], n. 5.
Independency, tendency toward, [112], [136], n. 6;
foreshadowed at Frankfort, [137], n. 6;
dated back to reign of Mary, [146];
favored by Flemish Protestants, [158], n. 2;
Robinsonian, the established religion in New England, [215].
Independents in early years of Elizabeth's reign, [158], n. 2.
Indian children, rewards to colonists for educating, [91].
Indian conjurers laid spell on the coast, [178].
Indian exhumed and eaten at Jamestown, [39].
Indians plot destruction of the colonists, [8];
curiosity regarding the, [15];
desire to convert, [16], [90];
kidnapped and exhibited, [17];
attack those first landing in Virginia, [28];
constant fear of attack from, [30];
supply food to Jamestown, [31],
Smith trades with, [34], [36];
devilish ingenuity in torturing, [38];
outrage the dead, [38], [64], n. 4;
slay gold hunters, [43];
no danger from, while Dale was in charge, [47];
taken to England by Dale, [49], [68], n. 10;
unnecessary cruelty to, [64], n. 4;
reverence for their sacred house, [64], n. 4;
endowed school established for, [83], [91];
schemes for educating obliterated, [92];
treachery of, emulated by the settlers, [92];
destruction of, in Maryland and in Massachusetts divinely ordered, [247];
right of the king to give away lands of, questioned, [274], [282], [283];
land secured from, by purchase, [283].
Industrial disturbance aids the Puritan movement, [111].
Infallibility of "godly" elders, [301].
Ingram, Davy, crosses the continent, [14];
statement, [14], [23], n. 8.
Injunctions by King Edward VI, [138], n. 9.
Interludes sometimes played in churches, [129].
Intolerance sanctioned by logic, [299].
Iron works established at Falling Creek, [83];
failure of, [96], n. 6.
Isthmus in latitude 40°, belief in an, [10].

James I framed code of laws and orders for the Virginia colony, [26];
Covnter-Blaste to Tobacco, [84];
obstinacy of, [87];
his accession raised the hopes of the Puritans, [159];
paradoxical qualities of, [160];
dialectic skill at Hampton Court conference, [160];
refutes the hapless Puritans, [161];
boasts that he had peppered the Puritans, [162], [182], n. 1;
results of his folly, [162];
would wink at but not publicly tolerate the Pilgrims, [170];
refused guarantee of toleration, [173];
friendship with George Calvert, [223];
revenue from fines of lay Catholics, [238];
Apologie for the Oath of Allegiance, [238].
James, Puritan minister in Maryland, [253].
James River discovered by the accident of a storm, [27];
settlement near the falls of the, [37].
James River experiments, the, [25];
their story the overture to the history of life in the United States, [58].
Jamestown, causes of suffering at, [13];
founded, [29];
at first a peninsula, [29];
abandoned, [41];
population in 1616, [49];
in 1889, [59], n. 1;
some drawings of, [60], n. 1.
Jamestown Company, the. See [Virginia Company, The].
Jamestown emigrants instructed to explore rivers to the northwest, [9].
Jesuits flock to England, [226];
set free, [239];
interested in migration to Maryland, [240];
the provincial of the Society of Jesus favored toleration, [242];
religious observances of, at sea, [243];
conversion of non-Catholics in Maryland by, [246];
fled to Virginia, [257].
Jesus, the humane pity of, unknown to the laws and sermons of the time, [301], [313], n. 22.
Johnson, Bradley T., Foundation of Maryland, [263], n. 15.
Johnson, Edward, the bloodthirsty Massachusetts Puritan, [164];
his Wonder-working Providence, [318], m.; [320], m.; [330], m.
Johnson, Francis, voyage of, to America, [167];
pastor at Amsterdam, [168].
Johnston, Isaac, of Winthrop's company, death of, [212].
Jones, captain of The Mayflower, conduct of, [177];
identified with Jones of The Discovery, [186], n. 7.
Jones's, Rev. Hugh, Present State of Virginia, [183], n. 3.
Josselyn's Rarities, [344], m.
Judgment, present, not a binding law, [185], n. 6.
Judgments, divine, fear of, [198].

Kent Island, Claiborne's claim to, [254].
Knowles's Life of Williams, [274], m.; [308], n. 9;
the best of the older biographies, [311], n. 17.
Knox, John, followers of, dispute with the Coxans at Frankfort, [105];
not more a sabbatarian than Calvin, [124].

Labor, common-stock system of, at Jamestown, [26];
abolished by distribution of land, [56];
failure of, at Plymouth, [179];
evils of, [186], n. 9.
Labor, private, more productive than common-stock system, [49];
prohibited on Sundays, [127].
Laborers, twelve so-called, in the Virginia colony, [27].
Land, division of, in Virginia, [48], [49], [56], [68], n. 12.
Land grants, various, in Virginia, based on the Grand Charter, [56], [70], n. 15.
Lane, Ralph, governor of Ralegh's first colony, [7], [21], n. 3;
seeks gold and the South Sea, [8];
account in Hakluyt, iii, [8], m.;
hopes for his Roanoke colony, [74];
to Sydney and Walsingham, [74], m.
Latitude of [40]°, belief of a westward passage in, [9], [10].
Laud, Archbishop, obliterated by Puritanism, [133];
one great service of, to the world, [193];
character of, [193];
fearless in peril, [195];
dubbed "the father of New England," [196];
Letter to Selden, [196];
Abbott's account of Laud's rise, [216], n. 2;
fails to crush the Massachusetts Company, [211];
suppressing Puritanism, [239];
fall of, [240];
non-conforming Puritans hunted from lectureships and chaplaincies by, [270];
drove John Cotton to New England, [279];
moving to vacate the Massachusetts charter, [282];
made head of a commission to govern the colonies, [284];
drove Hooker from his pulpit at Chelmsford, [317];
preparations to control Massachusetts made by, [343];
asked to stop emigration to New England, [344];
tries to compel Scots to use prayer book, [344].
Laws, divine, moral, and martial, under which Dale oppressed Virginia, [45], [70], n. 16; [132].
Leah and Rachel, [79], m.; [265], n. 25.
Lederer, voyage of, from Virginia, [11], m.
Legislative body established by the Great Charter, [55].
Leland, John, Itinerary, [152], m.
Lenox, Duke of, territory assigned to, [259], n. 5.
Letters of complaint intercepted, [47].
Letters of Missionaries, [264], n. 17, n. 18.
Leyden, Scrooby exiles remove to, [166];
Pilgrims set out from, [174].
Liberty in religion congruous with civil peace, [315].
Lingard, [238], m.
Little Gidding, Ferrar's community at, [92];
devastated by the Puritans, [93].
Liturgy, a, purified of human tradition, [106];
omitted in many parishes, [142].
London Separatists, [147];
organize a church, [148];
miserably persecuted, some flee to Amsterdam, [148].
Long Island Sound, Dermer storm-driven into, [9].
Long Island, English settlers on, [345].
Lord's Prayer, repetition of the, thought dangerously liturgical, [117].
Lotteries of the Virginia Company, [69], n. 14;
abolished, [53], [70], n. 14.
Low Countries, toleration in the, [163];
condemned by Baylie, [164].
Luther, Martin, on the Sabbath, [124].

Machyn's Diary, [99], m.
Magellan's Strait, [2], [9].
Magistrates aided by clergy in Massachusetts, [266];
men of unusual ability, [266];
right of, to punish for a religious offense, denied by Williams, [272], [286];
or to regulate the orthodoxy of churches and the belief of individuals, [292], [309], n. 12; [310], n. 13.
Magna Charta, the, of America, [55].
Maids by the shipload sent to Jamestown, [57];
not coerced into going, [72], n. 19.
Maine, French driven out of, [50];
first English colony in, [189];
fishing villages of, [345].
Manchester, Duke of, papers, [71], n. 18; [174], m.; [184], n. 5.
Manuscript Book of Instructions, [71], n. 18; [72], n. 19; [80], m.; [96], n. 6; [97], n. 9; [232], m.
Manuscript Records, Virginia Company, [52], m.; [61], n. 3; [67], n. 9; [69], n. 13, 14; [70], n. 15; [71], n. 18; [72], n. 19; [81], m.; [82], m.; [95], n. 3; [97], n. 9, 10; [172], m.; [184], n. 4.
Mar-Prelate tracts, the, [114];
answers to the, [116];
effects of the reaction against, [121].
Marriage by a Roman priest invalidated accruing land tenures, [237].
Marsden's Early Puritans, [125].
Martial law under Dale, [45];
Smyth's code of, [70], n. 16; [132].
Martin, Sir William, on Roger Williams, [307], n. 1.
Martyr, Peter, Decade III, [24], n. 9.
Maryland, Baltimore's projected colony in, [236];
change to, from Avalon, [239];
small migration to, [240];
policy of toleration in, [242], [250], [265], n. 25;
committed to guardian angels, [243];
arrival of the Catholic pilgrims, [244];
ceremonies of the landing in, [244];
said to have been named by King Charles, [245];
called Colony of St. Maries, [245];
efforts to convert the Protestants in, [246];
openly a Catholic colony, [247], [264], n. 17;
import tax on Catholic servants and convicts, [248], [264], n. 19;
opposition to Maryland, [249];
Puritan settlers invited, [252];
civil wars of, [253], [254];
Act of Toleration passed, [255];
again a proprietary government under Calvert, [257];
disastrous results of religious differences in, [266].
Maryland Archives, [245], m.; [262], n. 10; [265], n. 21.
Maryland Assembly too cunning to be trapped by Baltimore, [255].
Maryland charter, ambiguity of the, designed, [225], [236], [251], [259], n. 4; [262], n. 11;
compared with charter of Avalon, [234];
provisions of, [235], [236];
extensive powers granted by, [236], [263], n. 12.
Mass celebrated in defiance of law, [226];
abhorred by the Puritans in Avalon, [228].
Massachusetts Bay, failure of commercial settlements on, [189];
patent to lands in, granted to the Massachusetts Company, [207].
Massachusetts charter, Laud's effort to vacate the, [282], [284].
Massachusetts colony, government under Endecott, [217], n. 7;
people homogenous in religious affairs, [266];
religious opinion, main source of disturbance in, [266], [267];
self-consciousness of the, [278];
preparations for resistance in, [284];
failure as an agricultural colony, [320];
three profound disturbances in, [326];
in commotion over the Hutchinson controversy, [335].
Massachusetts Company, rise of the, [199], [207];
first colony of, under John Endecott, [199], [207];
second company of emigrants, [203];
fear that the charter might be revoked, [208];
company and colony to be merged in one, [209];
transfers its government and charter to Massachusetts Bay, [210];
the commercial corporation becomes a colonial government, [211];
the colonists believed they were founding a new church, [212].
Massachusetts government, evolution of the, [207];
first court of, at Charlestown, [210];
later became representative, [211];
relieved from strain by the borough system, [276];
a government of congregations, [308], n. 6;
theocratical, [279];
religious intolerance of the, [297], [349], n. 9;
anomalous in character, [323];
angered by Hooker's secession, [326].
Massachusetts Historical Collections, [310], n. 15; [318], m.; [320], m.; [347], n. 1; [348], n. 7.
Massachusetts Records, [206], m.; [285], m.; [290], m.; [291], m.; [308], n. 11; [310], n. 13, 17; [317], m.; [320], m.; [337], m.
Massacre by the Indians put an end to all projects, [84], [92].
Masson's Life of Milton, [137], n. 6.
Mather's Magnalia, [152], m.; [154], m.; [217], n. 5; [328], m.;
authority to be disregarded, [311], n. 17.
Maverick, Samuel, on Noddle's Island, [190];
Description of New England, [273], m.
Maydstown laid off in Virginia, [72], n. 19.
Mayflower, conduct of the captain of the, [177].
Maynard to Laud, [344], m.
May-poles, opposition to, [118];
pole of St. Andrew Undershaft sawed up, [119];
law against May-poles, [119];
the frolics around charged with immorality, [120];
Morton's, at Merrymount, [190], [201].
Mediterranean Sea, a, looked for in the heart of America, [11].
Meeting, last all-night, in Pastor Robinson's house, [175].
Mennonites, Williams attracted to the doctrines of the, [312], n. 19;
derived his broadest principles from the, [313], n. 19.
Mercurius Americanus, [348], n. 6.
Merrymount, Morton's dangerous settlement at, [190], [201], [216], n. 1.
Metals, the precious, the only recognized riches, [75].
Mica mistaken for gold, [13], [30], [75].
Migration, the great, to New England, [196], [203].
Millinary Petition, the, [159].
Millinery sins, regulations against, [285].
Mills's British India, [67], n. 9.
Milton, John, learned Dutch from Roger Williams, [273].
Mines, Mexican, reports of wealth of, brought support to Ralegh's undertaking, [74].
Ministerial office never so reverenced as by Puritans, [338].
Ministers, two, over one church, [106];
might prophesy, but not a woman, [338].
Missionary impulse, first, in the English Church, [89], [94], n. 1.
Monatesseron, the earliest English, [93].
Montserrat, island of, settled by Catholics, [231], [232], [261], n. 9.
Months, scruples about the heathen names of the, [302].
Morals, austerity in, [119];
advance of, under Puritan influence, [121];
lack of sense of proportion is a trait of the age, [130];
regularity of, purchased at a great sacrifice, [342].
More, Father Henry, [263], n. 14.
Morton, Thomas, and his deviltry, [190], [201], [216], n. 1;
Memorial, [177], m.;
New English Canaan, [216], n. 1.
Motives for founding English colonies, [73];
commercial and sentimental, [86];
religious, [89], [189].
Mount Desert, Jesuit settlement at, plundered, [47], [50].
Mourt's Relation, [184], n. 4.
Mouse and snake, battle between, [277];
interpretation of, by Pastor John Wilson, [277].
Mouse nibbles a Book of Common Prayer, [278].
Movements, significant, usually cradled in rustic mangers, [146].
Mulberries first planted in England, [76];
law for promoting the raising of, in Virginia, [77];
repealed, [79].
Muskrat skins valued for their odor, [19].

Names, fanciful, of the Newfoundland coast, [225], [229].
Names, Indian, of places changed, [244].
Nansemond, settlement at, [37];
settlers driven from, [38].
Narragansett Bay recommended to Williams by Winthrop, [293];
proposal to remove to, alarmed the magistrates, [294];
colony on, founded on the true principle, [316].
Narragansett Club Publications, [135], n. 4; [268], m.; [307], n. 3, 4, 5; [311], n. 17.
Naval stores, Virginia expected to produce, [82];
efforts to procure, in Elizabeth's time, [95], n. 4.
Neal's History of New England, [310], n. 14;
History of the Puritans, [159], m.; [226], m.; [239], m.
Neill, E. D., on the social compact, [183], n. 4;
Founders of Maryland, [262], n. 11;
Virginia Company, [67], n. 9; [183], n. 2.
Netherlands, indirect interest of the, in the Virginia colony, [44].
New England, coast of, explored by Capt. John Smith, [37];
shaped in Old England by Puritanism, [133];
pioneers of, came from the Separatists, [141], [146];
existence of, hung on a chain of accidents, [176];
elements of, [177];
early attempts to colonize, [178];
early settlements in, [189];
great migration to, [196], [203];
capital laws of, condemned by Williams, [304].
New England charter of 1620, [173].
New England colonists deemed themselves a chosen people, [278];
accounted other colonists the Egyptians of the New World, [278], [308], n. 7;
held to an intolerant theocracy, [279];
dispersions of the, [315];
relief at disappearance of the last of the leaders, [342].
New England Firebrand Quenched, [301], m.
New England Historical Gen. Reg., [267], [307], n. 1.
New England Puritanism more ultra than Bownd, [132], [140], n. 3.
New England traits due to special causes, [178].
Newfoundland, failure of colony at, [223], [224];
Capt. Whitbourne's pamphlet on, [224];
fanciful names in, [225];
not a paradise in winter, [229], [260], n. 7;
value of the fisheries, [261], n. 7.
New France bubble ready to collapse, [346].
New Haven, Davenport and his company planted colony at, [343];
colony united with Connecticut by royal charter at the Restoration, [343];
stretching westward, [345].
New Life of Virginea, [63], n. 3.
New Plymouth, Sandys's plans for the foundation of, [88].
Newport, Vice-Admiral, reporter of Virginia affairs, [44];
threatened with the gallows by Dale, [44];
warned against Archer, [64].
Newtown, Hooker's company settled at, [317];
intended for capital and palisaded, [318];
superior to Boston in one regard, [318];
discontent at, [318], [319], [320];
questions regarding boundary, [319];
cattle-raising at, [320];
the church at, emigrated bodily to Connecticut, [325];
court of elections held at, [335].
New World, mirages of the, [2];
discovered because it lay between Europe and the East Indies, [3];
grotesque and misleading glimpses of the, [20].
New York Colonial Documents, [6], m., [43], m.
New York Hist. Soc. Coll., [23], n. 7;
second series, [70], n. 15; [80], m.
Nichols's, Josias, Plea for the Innocent, [146], m.
Nonconformists, severe measures against, [122];
in the Church, [142].
North Carolina, coast of, called Wingandacon, [21], n. 3.
Northey, Sir Edward, decision on the Maryland charter, [262], n. 11.
Northwest passage, search for a, [4], [5], [9], [10].
Nova Albion, [259], n. 5.
Nova Brittania, [82], m.

Oath of allegiance, [241];
emigration oath refused by Williams, [270];
new oath for residents opposed by Williams, [289];
magistrates unable to enforce, [289].
Ogle's Account of Maryland, [264], n. 19.
Oil to be distilled from walnuts, [83].
Oldham, John, an adventurous man of lawless temper expelled from Plymouth, [324];
led a small company from Watertown, [324].
Opossum, the, described by Purchas, [18].
Opposition, Puritanism the party of, [110].
Original Records of Colony of Virginia, [78], m.
Overston, sermons preached in, by unlicensed men, [142].

Pacific Ocean, discovery of the, [3];
belief in a passage to the, [4], [6];
nearness to Florida, [6];
sought via the James River, [8];
in latitude 40°, [9], [10];
via the Delaware, [10];
proximity of, to Virginia, [10], [22], n. 6;
to North Carolina, [11].
Pagitt's Heresiography, [143], m.; [144], m.; [157], n. 1.
Palfrey's History of New England, [211], m.; [218], n. 8.
Palisades burned for firewood, [40].
Paradox, the, of colonial religious organization, [280].
Parkinson, Marmaduke, explorer, [10].
Parliamentary freedom, struggle for, [87].
Parties, the two great, of Protestantism, rise of, [106];
results, [107];
lines between, not sharply drawn at once, [110];
controversy between, grew more bitter, [114].
Party, a moderate, lamented the excesses of the extremists, [117].
Passage to the Pacific Ocean sought, [3], [4], [9], [10], [22], n. 5; [73], [74].
See also [Northwest Passage] and [Pacific Ocean].
Patent, royal, validity of, questioned by Williams, [274], [281], [289], [308], n. 9; [309], n. 12.
Patience, the, pinnace, built wholly of wood, [41].
Paulus, Pieter, Verklaring der Unie van Utrecht, [312], n. 18.
Pearce, Mistress, "near twenty years" in Virginia, [71], n. 18.
Pearl fisheries in Virginia waters, [95], n. 3.
Peckard's Life of Ferrar, [65], n. 5; [87], m.; [93], m.;
account of, [97], n. 10; [100], m.
Peirce, John, received a grant from the Virginia Company, [184], n. 4.
Pequot war, Williams denounced slaughter of women and children in, [305];
plan of campaign changed through a revelation, [338].
Pequots dangerous on Connecticut River, [323].
Percy, George, on the arrival at Virginia, [28];
on the sufferings at Jamestown, [30];
increased the hostility of the Indians, [38], [64], n. 4;
inefficiency as governor, [44], [60], n. 2;
succeeded by Gates, [101].
Percy to Northumberland, [46], m.;
Trewe Relacyon, [40], m.; [60], n. 2; [64], n. 4; [65], n. 5.
Perfect Description of Virginia, [11], m.
Perfume to be extracted from the muskrat, [95], n. 3.
Persecution in Queen Mary's time, [103];
spirit of, pervaded every party, [113];
of the Separatists, [141];
begot Separatism, [154], [155];
new storm of, [163], [182], n. 1;
starts agitation for emigration to Virginia, [168], [183], n. 2.
Peter, Hugh, rebuked Cotton for defending Mrs. Hutchinson, [337];
browbeat Mrs. Hutchinson's witnesses, [338];
returned to England and favored toleration, [348], n. 7.
Petition to House of Lords, [345], m.
Pharisaism of the rigid Sabbath, [132].
Philosophical Transactions, [78], m.; [79], m.
Pilgrims brought Barrowism to New England, [148];
Scrooby and Austerfeld cradles of the, [149];
no tradition of, lingers at Scrooby, [150];
common country folk, [151];
flee to Amsterdam, [164];
theological agitations drive them to Leyden, [165];
danger of extinction, [166];
intermarriages with the Dutch, [167];
emigration to Virginia under consideration, [168], [182], n. 2;
questioned whether to be Dutch or English colonists, [169];
ask aid of Edwin Sandys, in securing religious liberty, [169];
receive two charters, a general order, and a liberal patent from the Virginia Company, [172];
their Compact under the general order, [173];
departure from Leyden, [174];
forced to land, select Plymouth, [177];
suffered for their ignorance of colony-planting, [178];
honor due, [186], n. 8;
"stepping stones to others," [188];
slender success of, stimulated commercial settlements, [189];
the "large patent" granted to the, through influence of Sandys, [206];
influence on the Massachusetts colony, [212].
Piscataqua, settlement on the, [189].
Plaine Declaration of Barmudas, [65], n. 6.
Planting, the first, at Jamestown, [29].
Plants of every clime believed to grow in Virginia, [82].
Plays, performance of, on Sundays prohibited, [127].
Pledge signed at Cambridge by Winthrop's party, [209].
Plymouth, ceremony observed at, [103];
the landing at, [177];
horrors of Jamestown repeated at, [179];
the second step in the founding of a great nation, [181];
Roger Williams "prophesied" at, [272];
people styled "mungrell Dutch," [273];
disturbed by Williams, [274];
gives him a letter of dismissal to Salem, [275].
Pocahontas, [33], [35], [37];
converted and wedded to Rolfe, [49];
taken to England, [49], [68], n. 10;
captured by Argall, [50];
dies leaving an infant son, [52].
Pocahontas story, the, [63], n. 3.
Pomp and display at the court of Elizabeth, [98];
imitation of, objected to by the Puritans, [100], [134], n. 2.
Popham, Captain George, attempt of, to colonize in Maine, [178].
Port Royal, map showing strait near, [8], [21], n. 4.
Pory's Report, [70], n. 15; [77], m.
Pots and Phettiplace, narrative, [35], [61], n. 2.
Powhatan releases Captain Smith, [33], [34], [35].
Precinct in Virginia asked for by Calvert, [229].
Presbyterianism developed under Cartwright, [112], [136], n. 6;
swept out by Whitgift, [122];
hoped for in New England, [213].
Price of commodities, rise of, promoted voyages, [22], n. 5.
Private interest, even a slave's patch of, put life into Virginia, [48].
Proceedings Mass. Hist. Soc., Wheelwright's sermon in, [331], m.
Proceedings of Virginia Assembly, [80], m.
Property, community of. See [Communism]; [Labour].
Prophet, the, and the reformer, [306].
Proportion, lack of sense of, peculiar to zealots and polemics, [130].
Protestant colonists at St. Christopher's oppose Catholic fellow-colonists, [231];
no Protestant minister or worship on ships coming to Maryland, [242].
Protestant Nunnery, Ferrar's community at Little Gidding called the, [93].
Protestantism, English, rise of the two great parties of, [106], [107];
controversy grew more bitter, [114];
incorruptible in Virginia, [231].
Protestantism on the Continent nearly wrecked, [198].
Protestants, English, find refuge on the Continent, [104];
compromises at home, dissensions in exile, [104];
the ultra wing tended to democratic church government, [106];
return after death of Mary, [107];
their petty squabbles develop into bitter feuds and struggles, [107];
widespread results, [107];
Baltimore orders no scandal nor offense to be given to, [250];
his policy of conciliation toward, in Maryland, [251].
Protestants on the Continent become Roman Catholics, [198].
Providence Plantation founded by Williams, [296];
fell into inevitable disorders, [315];
an example of the largest liberty in religion congruous with civil peace, [315].
Provincetown Harbor, the Mayflower in, [177].
Public Records Office Colonial Papers, [54], m.
Pullein's Culture of Silk, [95], n. 2.
Punishments, various, inflicted by Dale, [46].
Purchas his Pilgrimes, [2], [12], m.; [18], [22], n. 6; [24], n. 9, n. 10; [28], m.; [29], m.; [30], m.; [64], n. 3; [65], n. 6; [69], n. 14; [80], m.; [95], n. 3; [96], n. 6; [97], n. 9; [102], m.
Purchas's stories of silver and gold, [12].
Puritan, the, never easy unless he was uneasy, [253].
Puritan community, cost of the good results attained in a, [342].
Puritan conscience, the, let loose against old superstitions, [119].
Puritan divines in high church positions, [143].
Puritan exodus, the great, [188], [239].
Puritan opinions condemned, [103].
Puritan pietists, a new school of, [327].
Puritanism, rise and development of, [98];
an outgrowth of the time, [103];
an effort to escape from formalism, [109];
gathered strength as the leading opposition, [111];
becomes dogmatic, [112];
evolutionary, [117];
importance of secondary development of, [120];
apparent decline of, [121];
begun with Elizabeth, seemed doomed to die with her, [122];
evolves new issues, [123], [137], n. 7;
opposed to Arminianism, [133];
set up the Commonwealth, [133];
threatened destruction of, at Leyden, [167];
under James I the party of opposition, [191];
conservative under Charles I, [192];
unamiable traits of, manifested in Endecott, [202];
course of events in England adverse to, [203];
suppression of, by Laud, [239];
divergencies from, in Massachusetts, [267];
existed and grew through prudent compromises, [268], [269];
Salem, north pole of, [271];
condemned by its false and harsh ideals, [300];
character of, [300], [301], [342];
an ascetic system of external duties and abstentions, [327].
Puritans, why so called, [106], [135], n. 4.
Puritans, English, contempt of the, for æsthetic considerations, [94];
reverence for Bible precepts, [109];
would have no surplices, no liturgy, [109];
banished the symbol with the dogma, [111];
importance of efforts toward the regulation of conduct, [120];
dubbed Martinists, [121];
differences forgotten in the conflict with the Episcopal party, [137], n. 6;
omitted the liturgy, [142];
present Millinary Petition to James I, [159];
at the Hampton Court conference, [160], [181], n. 1;
not eager to join Separatist settlers, [188];
a powerful party, [192];
motives for emigration, [197];
fear of divine judgments, [198];
barred from all public action, [203];
plan for a Puritan church in America, [204];
carried out through the Massachusetts Company, [212];
differences among the, [213];
exhilarating effect of freedom from constraints, [213];
raging against indulgence to Romanists, [235], [238];
believed the church under Laud would become Roman Catholic, [239];
dropped "saint" from geographical names, [244];
rise of, to power, [240];
dominant in Parliament, [252];
could not be induced to leave New England for Maryland, [252];
persecuted in Virginia, leave there for Maryland, [253];
at peace with Catholics in Maryland, [254];
their ideas rampant in Maryland, [257];
send munitions of war to New England, [284];
conceived of religion as difficult of attainment, [328].
Puritans of the Massachusetts colony not Separatists, [212];
pathetic farewell to the Church of England, [213];
persuaded to the Plymouth view of church government, [215];
leaving England, [239];
emigration to New England, [240].

Quakers put to death by Endecott, [202];
protected in Maryland, [257].

Raccoon, the, called a monkey, [19], [24], n. 10.
Radical and conservative, difference between, constitutional, [109].
Rain, results of Puritan and Indian prayers for, [16].
Ralegh, Sir Walter, sends explorers and colonists, [7];
History of the World, [21], n. 3;
distrusts Indian tales, [21], n. 3;
a lifelong opponent of Spain, [73].
Rapin, [239], m.
Rappahannocks, dress of the chief of the, [28].
Ratcliffe, enemy of Capt. John Smith, [37];
ambuscaded and tortured to death, [38], [64], n. 4;
follower of Archer, [64], n. 3;
cruel to the savages, [64], n. 4.
Ration, a day's, pitiful allowance for, [30], [46].
Records of Virginia Company destroyed, [54], [71], n. 17.
Recreations on Sunday, scruples regarding, [127];
forbidden by Dr. Bownd, [129].
Reformers, the, of the sixteenth century declared against a priesthood, [123];
and a Sabbath, [124].
Relatyon of the Discovery of our River, [29], m.
Religion, motive to colonization, [220].
Religious enthusiasts and the Anglican church, [144].
Religious ferments, leavening effects of, [121].
Religious freedom a cherished principle of Roger Williams, [286];
established at Providence, [296].
Religious liberty befriended by few, detested by Catholic and Protestant, [298].
Religious service, attendance at, should be compulsory, [299].
Report of Record Com., [329], m.
Residents, new oath of fidelity for, [289];
successfully opposed by Williams, [289], [309], n. 12;
mercenary inducement offered to, to take the freeman's oath, [308], n. 11.
Retainers, brilliant trains of, [99].
Rhode Island, a secondary colony, [220];
importance of the, [315].
Rich, Lord. See [Warwick], second Earl.
Rich's, Barnabee, Honestie of this Age, [96], n. 8.
Rites, resistance to, an article of faith, [103].
Ritual, a purified, preferred by the extreme Protestants, [106], [135], n. 3.
Ritual, the antique, desire to change as little as possible, [106], [135], n. 3.
Rivalry with Spain, [73].
Roanoke Island, first colony on, [7];
Lane's hopes for, [74].
Roanoke River, story of source of, [7].
Robert's Social History of the Southern Counties, [125], m.; [127], m.; [129], m.
Robinson hanged and quartered for extorting money from "pressed" maidens, [72], n. 19.
Robinson, John, joins the Separatists at Scrooby, [155];
character and influence of, [156], [158], n. 3;
leads the Scrooby church to Amsterdam, [164];
to Leyden, [165];
idea of forming a new state, [167];
prayer and last words at departure of the Pilgrims, [175], [185], n. 6;
advised union rather than division, [176];
farewell letter of, [185], n. 5;
liberality and breadth of view, [176], [185], n. 6;
held to "toleration of tolerable opinions," [298].
Robinson's, John, Justification, [157], n. 1, n. 2; [219], n. 9.
Rogers, Thomas, opponent of Greenham and Bownd, [139], n. 11.
Rogers's Preface to Thirty-nine Articles, [122], m.; [139], n. 11; [143], m.
Rolfe, John, married Pocahontas, [68], n. 10;
planted first tobacco at Jamestown, [84].
Rolfe's Relation, [70], n. 16; [71], n. 17, n. 18.
Rosier's True Relation, [17], m.
"Rowdies" assault the Jesuits, [265], n. 24.
Royal Hist. MS. Comm., [88], m.
Royal Hist. MS. Com. Rept., [345], m.
Rushworth's Hist. Coll., [216], n. 2, n. 3;
petition in, [226], m.; [235], m.; [344].
Rustics, the, of Scrooby and its neighborhood, [150], [151];
influence of Brewster on, [153];
of John Robinson, [157].
Rymer's Fœdera, [229], m.; [238], m.

Sabbath, the, as a holy day objected to by Luther and Calvin, [124];
rise of the Puritan, [124];
Sunday first so called in literature, [126];
passion for a stricter, [130];
doctrine of a Christian, resented, [131], [139], n. 11;
in Scotland, [132], [139], n. 12;
of deepest hue in New England, [132], [140], n. 13.
Sabbath-breakers, punishments threatened against, [138], n. 8.
Sabbath-keeping, early Puritan ideal of, [127];
pushed to its extreme, [130];
new zeal for, promoted morals, [131];
rigid, a mark of the faithful, [132].
Sadleir, Mrs., indorsement of, on Williams's letter to, [268], m.
Sainsbury's Calendar, [67], n. 9; [207], m.; [262], n. 9; [344], m.; [345], m.
Salem, north pole of Puritanism, [271];
protest of the General Court against Williams as minister at, [271];
attached to Williams and refractory toward the authorities at Boston, [280];
made Williams teacher, [284];
deputies turned out of court in punishment, [291];
indignation at Williams's banishment, [293].
Salem church, organization of the, [200].
Salisbury, the Dean of, attacked by Mar-Prelate, [115].
Salvetti, correspondence on Calvert's resignation, [260], n. 6.
Sampson, Thomas, letter to Calvin, [135], n. 3.
Sandy Beach, no trace of, [59].
Sandys, Edwin, Archbishop of York, letter of, [137], n. 7;
transferred manor place at Scrooby to his son Samuel, [153], [170].
Sandys, Sir Edwin, interested in the Virginia Company, [54];
approved Dale's course, [67], n. 9;
arrested, [69], n. 13; [89];
chosen governor of Virginia Company, [71], n. 17; [88], [170];
proposed sending maids to Virginia, [71], n. 18;
leader of the company, [87], [89], [170];
established representative government in Virginia, [88];
plans for foundation of New Plymouth, [88];
sketch of life of, in Brown's Genesis of the United States, [97], n. 10;
tried to secure toleration for the Leyden people, [170];
one of the fathers of representative government in America, [173];
charges against, [174], [184], n. 5;
parliamentary antagonist of Calvert, [221];
in disfavor at court, [222];
Virginians friendly to, [230].
Sandys, George, would seek the South Sea overland, [10], [11];
name appended to The Tragicall Relation, [66], n. 9;
in charge of manufacturing schemes, [83].
Sandys, Sir Samuel, owned manor place at Scrooby, [153], [170].
Sassafras root exported, [45], [68], n. 10; [68], n. 11.
Savage life eagerly observed by the English, [29].
Sawmills built in Virginia, [82].
Scharf's History of Maryland, [23], n. 7.
Schism esteemed the deadliest of sins, [142], [197].
Scotch settlement in Newfoundland, [224], [258], n. 3.
Scot's Magazine, [11], m.
Scrambler, Bishop of Peterborough, to Burghley, [142], m.
Scriptures, reverence for the letter of the, [144].
Scrooby, the cradle of the Pilgrims, [149];
a region noted for religious zeal, [150];
no tradition of the Pilgrims at, [150];
called "the meane townlet" by John Leland, [152];
owners of manor place at, [153];
the church at, [154], [155].
Seamen, threats of brutal, [177].
Seekers, the, a sect, the last reduction of Separatism, [303];
in New England, probably through influence from Holland, [303];
in England as early as 1617, [304];
"a Seeker of the best Sect next to a finder," [314], n. 24.
Seekonk River, Williams removes from, to Providence, [296].
Semi-Separatists, the, [143].
Separatism and the Scrooby church, [141];
promoted by persecution, [144];
rise of, [146];
divergencies in direction of, [267];
protest by withdrawal of communion a fundamental principle of, [271].
Separatist, Roger Williams conscientiously a, [270].
Separatist tendencies of Skelton, [271].
Separatist tone of Pioneer church of Massachusetts at Salem, [271].
Separatists, number of the, [136], n. 6;
importance of the, [141];
the advance guard of Puritanism, [141];
regarded as criminals by the Puritans, [142];
causes of growth of the, [144];
idealists, [144];
rise of the, [146];
meetings of, in London, [147];
in Amsterdam, [148];
one vigorous society of, in the north, [149];
the Scrooby church of, organized, [154];
all-day meetings at Brewster's manor house, [155];
new persecution of the, [163];
the Scrooby church resolve to flee to Holland, [163], [164];
petition for leave to settle in Canada, [167];
classed with criminals by Bacon, [171];
held their opinions in a state of flux, [186], n. 6.
Servingman, the, not a menial, [134], n. 1.
Servingmen in livery, [99], [134], n. 1.
Settlements, sixteen, in Massachusetts, [275];
life in the settlements, [276].
Settlers emulate the treachery of the Indians, [92];
individual, [190].
Shakespeare's good fortune to live in a dramatic age, [99].
Shepard, Thomas, a new congregation led by, [325];
letter of, quoted, [348], n. 5;
Theses Sabbaticæ, [140], n. 13;
Memoirs in Young, [328], m.
Sheriffs had many liveried servants, [99], [134], n. 1.
Ship carpenters sent to the James River, [83].
Silk, craze for, in England, [76], [77], [169];
wearing of, prohibited in the colony, [78].
Silk culture attempted in England, [76];
in Virginia, [76], [77];
causes of failure, [77], [78];
renewed efforts for, [78], [79], [83];
authorities on these efforts, [95], n. 3.
Silk-grass craze, the, [79].
Silk manufacturing established in England, [77].
Silkworms' eggs, hatching, in one's pocket or bosom, [78], [95], n. 2.
Skelton, minister at Salem, [271];
extreme Congregationalism and Separatist tendencies of, [271];
death of, [283].
Sloane manuscripts, British Museum, [22], n. 4.
Smith, Captain John, a trustworthy topographer, [9], [34];
captured by Indians, [9];
views of geography of the continent, [22], n. 6;
becomes leader at Jamestown, [31], [36];
his character, [31], [32], [33];
story of his own life, [32], [33];
the Jonah and Ulysses of his time, [33];
explorations and narrative, [34], [35], [36];
overthrown, [36];
accused of design to wed Pocahontas, [37], [51];
later years, [37];
foresight of America's future, [37];
disabled by an accident, [37], [60], n. 2;
sent home under charges, [37], [60], n. 2;
accused of advising Indians to attack settlers at the Falls, [37], [60], n. 2;
a typical American pioneer, [38];
account of his writings, [61], n. 3;
commended by the Virginia Company, [61], n. 3;
given to romance in narration, [62], n. 3;
his practical writings and wise speeches, [62], n. 3;
examples of his exaggeration, [63], n. 3;
Thomas Fuller's judgment of, [63], n. 3;
authorities in the debates about, [63], n. 3;
refusal to share his power, [64], n. 4;
captured by the French, [178].
——, Generall Historie, [22], n. 6; [27], m.; [34], m.; [35], [36], m.; [61], n. 3; [66], n. 9; [95], n. 3.
——, New Life of Virginia, [27], m.
——, Oxford Tract, [34], m.; [35], [36], m.; [42], m.; [61], n. 3; [64], n. 3.
——, True Relation, [61], n. 3.
Smyth, John, the Separatist, migrated from Gainsborough, [150];
continually searching for truth, [186], n. 6.
Smyth, Sir Thomas, governor of Virginia Company, [70], n. 16;
resignation, [71], n. 17;
aroused the king's opposition to Sandys, [87];
resigned, [88];
sorrows of the colony under, [206];
faction of, [230];
defense, [67], n. 9.
Somers, Sir George, wrecked on the Bermudas, [40];
builds two vessels and takes provisions to Virginia, [41];
returns to the Bermudas, [41];
death of, [42];
Somers or Summer Islands named from, [65], n. 6.
South Sea delusion, the, [6], [7], [8];
an overland route to, [10];
behind the mountains, [75].
See also [Pacific Ocean].
Southampton, Earl of, interested in the Virginia Company, [54];
threatened by the Warwick party, [69], n. 13;
really in power, [71], n. 17;
procures silkworm "seed," [77];
elected governor of the company, [89];
imprisoned, [89];
one of the fathers of representative government in America, [173];
Virginians friendly to, [230].
Southwest passage, conjectures of a, [22], n. 5.
Spain, rivalry with, the motive for planting English colonies, [73];
England's jealousy toward, [74], [94], n. 1;
lavish of gifts to English courtiers, [223];
made England relax penal laws against English recusants, [238].
Spanish example, the influence of, on English projects, [73];
fishing-boats to be seized at Newfounde lande, [94], n. 1;
jealousy of Virginia, [94], n. 1.
Spanish match, the, favored by Calvert, [226], [227], [258], n. 2.
Speed's Prospect, [24], n. 10.
Spelman's Relation, [60], n. 2.
Spices, passion for, in Europe, [22], n. 5.
Spirit of the age, escape from the, difficult, [133].
Squirrels, flying, [18].
Standish, Captain Miles, escorts the governor to church on Sundays, [103].
Star-Chamber censures, [203], [216], n. 3;
Roger Williams as a lad employed by the, [268];
harsh penalties for Separatists, [270].
State church, notion of, not easily got rid of, [112].
St. Christopher's Island sought by Catholic refugees, [231].
Stephen, Sir, denounced May-poles as idols, [118];
wanted names of days of the week changed, [118].
Stith's History of Virginia, [51], m.; [182], n. 2.
Stoughton retracted, [290], [291];
pressure put on, [297].
Strachey's Historie of Travaile into Virginia, [24], n. 10; [36], m.; [59], n. 1; [64], n. 4; [65], n. 7; [95], n. 5; [97], n. 9; [102], m.;
True Reportory, [65], n. 6.
Strafford, friend of George Calvert and his son, [249].
Strafford Papers, [241], m.; [263], n. 13.
Strait, a, sought to the South Sea, [4], [6], [8], [9].
Strasburg and Zurich, cities of refuge for conservatives, [104].
Strasburg reformers attempt to reform church at Frankfort, [105].
Straus's Life of Roger Williams, [308], n. 6; [311], n. 17.
Stubbes's Philip, Anatomie of Abuses, [100], m.; [119], [127], [134], n. 2; [135], n. 5.
Succession, apostolic, of churchly order and ordinance the mainspring of high-churchism, [302].
Svmme and Svbstance. See [Barlow].
Sumner, George, on John Robinson, [158], n. 3.
Sumptuary laws, [75].
Sunday had sanctity of a church feast before the Reformation, [125];
English reformers retained the Catholic, [125];
first called Sabbath in literature, [126];
scruples regarding recreations on, [127];
brutally cruel sports on the old English, [129];
strict observance of, carried to New England, [132];
in the middle ages, [138], n. 8;
legislation on, rare before the Reformation, [138], n. 8;
in time of Edward VI, [138], n. 9;
sabbatical character of, denied, [140], n. 13.
See also [Sabbath].
Sunday fishing, juries inquire into, [125].
Sunday morning ceremony at Plymouth, [103].
Sunday-Sabbath, theory of a, not confined to the Puritans, [132];
Augustine on, in the fifth century, [137], n. 8; [140], n. 13.
Surplices begin to be used in Virginia, [183], n. 3.
Susan Constant, the ship, [25].
Sutton's Hospital founded by legacy, which Coke defended, later known as Charter-House School, [268].
Swift, Lindsay, on the early election sermons, [313], n. 22.
Symonds, Dr. William, editor of second part of Smith's Oxford Tract, [61], n. 3.
Synod, the, of 1637, [336], [346], n. 1.

Tales, extravagant, of the Indians, [7], [8];
Ralegh distrusts, [21], n. 3.
Taylor's Observations and Travel from London to Hamburg, [46], m.
Tempest, Shakespeare's, [17];
suggested by the wreck of Gates and Somers, [65], n. 6.
Tenant, the copy-hold, driven to distress, [111].
Tenantry, the suffering, Puritans make common cause with, [111], [135], n. 5.
Theater, passionate love of the, [99].
Theocracy, instability of a, [326].
Thomas Aquinas, St., on the fourth commandment, [138], n. 8.
Thurloe, [263], n. 13.
Timber sought in Virginia, [82].
Tobacco, profitable cultivation of, in Virginia, [49], [84];
exported, [68], n. 10, n. 11; [96], n. 7;
more profitable than silk-raising, [78];
culture of, forbidden, [81];
King James's Covnter-Blaste to, [84];
John Rolfe planted the first, at Jamestown, [84];
heavy duties on, [85], [96], n. 8;
seven thousand shops in London, [97], n. 8;
inferiority of Indian, [97], n. 9;
large profits from, [231];
public use of, forbidden in Massachusetts, [285].
Toleration, the Baltimore policy, [242], [263], n. 15;
principle of, formulated, [254];
Act of, passed in 1649, [255], [256], [257];
intolerable to the rulers of "the Bay," [297];
limited and qualified at Amsterdam, [298];
decried as a great crime by all the world, [298];
a beneficent result of commerce, [298], [312], n. 18.
Tortures, legal, examples of, [46], [67], n. 9.
Town government, the principal feature of civil organization, [325].
Town system, the, [275].
Trade with the Indians by Captain John Smith, [34];
suspended after Smith's departure, [38];
renewed by Capt. Argall, [50].
Tragicall Relation, [40], m.; [56], m.; [66], n. 9; [68], n. 12.
Trainbands drilled, [284].
Travel, taste for books of, [2].
Treasure received by Spain from America influenced English colonial projects, [73];
wrought mischief to England, [94], n. 1.
True Declaration of the Estate of the Colony of Virginia, [40], m.; [56], m.; [65], n. 5, n. 8.
Trumbull's Blue Laws, [347], n. 2.
Tucker, Daniel, builds boat at Jamestown, [39].

Underhill, Captain, sent after Williams, [295].
Unicorn, reported find of the, [19], [24], n. 10.
Uniformity not possible, [109].
Upper House, dissension concerning power of the, in Massachusetts, [286].
Utopia, the religious, attempted in New England, [342].

Van der Donck's New Netherland, [23], n. 7.
Van Meteren, Nederlandsche Historic, [312], n. 18.
Vane, Sir Henry, the younger, favored the Antinomians, [267];
an ardent Puritan, [332];
arrives in Boston and is elected governor, [332];
a disciple of Cotton, [333];
defeat of, [336];
leaves the colony, [337].
Vaughan's Golden Fleece, [261], n. 7.
Vessel, the first Virginia, built by Captain Argall, [50].
Vestments objected to, in reign of Edward VI, [103];
bitter debates about, [108];
ceased to be abhorrent, [123].
Virginia Assembly petitions the king, [56];
proceedings of the first, [70], n. 15.
Virginia colony, the, [8];
emigrants set sail, [25];
code of laws and orders, [26];
character of the emigrants, [27];
arrival, [27];
first meetings with the Indians, [28];
the winter of misery, [29];
fear of attack from the Indians, [30];
food bought of the Indians, [31];
five hundred colonists arrive under Archer and Ratcliffe, [36];
settlements at Nansemond and the falls of the James River, [37];
famine of 1609-'10, [38];
only sixty survivors in June, 1610, [40];
arrival of Gates and Somers, [40];
Jamestown abandoned, [41];
arrival of De la Warr, [41];
De la Warr's government, [42];
flight of De la Warr, [43];
second lease of life, [43];
inefficient government of George Percy, [44];
martial law and slavery under Thomas Dale, [45];
ten men escape, [47];
Dale's services, [47];
private gardens allowed, [48];
tobacco cultivated, [49];
Argall's government and treachery, [50]- [52];
the Great Charter, 1618, [55], [173];
joy at its receipt, [56];
feared re-establishment of the old tyranny, [56], [70], n. 16;
wives supplied, [57];
the first homes, [58];
whole number of colonists, [58];
four fifths perished, [59];
petition to the king, [65], n. 5;
began raising silkworms, [76];
the silk-grass craze in, [79];
glass and iron works established and failed in, [83];
planted tobacco, [84];
struck root and its life assured, [85];
gained impetus from the king's opposition, [89];
government of, passed to the Crown, [92];
reached its greatest prosperity, [186], n. 8;
inhospitable to Lord Baltimore, [230];
opposes Roman Catholics, [231], [261], n. 9;
reckless living of people and clergy, [231];
expulsion of Lord Baltimore from, [232];
new emigration to, [344];
second generation of native Virginians appears, [345];
better ministers in the parishes and order in the courts, [345].
Virginia colony, map of, by John White, 1586, [8], [21], [22].
Virginia Company, letter of, to Governor Wyatt quoted, [22], n. 5;
code of laws and orders for its colonists, [26];
swindled and robbed, [52];
fall of the lottery, [53];
revival of interest, [53];
records destroyed, [54];
change in conduct of affairs, [55];
cruelty of agents paralleled by those of the East India Company, [67], n. 9;
overthrow of the company, [70], n. 16;
dissolved in 1624, [85], [89], [92];
organized for trading, [86];
passed out of the control of traders, [87];
King James interferes with the election, [88];
grants two charters and a liberal patent to the Pilgrims, [172];
also leave to establish a provisional government, [173];
Lord Baltimore a member and councilor of, [224], [229], [230];
attempt to take away privileges granted to the colonists, [230].
Virginia Company's Manuscript Records. See [Manuscript Records, Virginia Company].
Virginia Richly Valued, [79], m.; [95], n. 3.
Virginians obliged to pay quitrents in Maryland, [249].
Vries, David P. de, Voyages, [308], n. 7.

Waddington's Congregational History, [167], m.
Walker's First Church in Hartford, [317], m.; [321], m.
Ward's Simple Cobbler, [285], m.; [299], m.
Warwick, second Earl, intrigues to wreck the Virginia Company, [51], [68], n. 13;
protects Argall in his plundering, [52];
has Cavendish and others arrested, [69], n. 13;
loses influence in the company, [87];
made Governor in Chief and Lord High Admiral of all plantations in America, [252].
Waterhouse's Declaration of Virginia, [22], n. 6.
Watertown church, part of, ready to follow Hooker, [323];
one of the centres of discontent, [324].
Welde's Short Story of the Rise, Reign, and Ruine of Antinomianism, [330], m.; [336], m.; [339], m.; [340], m.; [347], n. 4.
Wentworth, friend of Calvert, [222].
West, insubordinate settlers under, [37], [60], n. 2;
Indians hostile to, [60], n. 2;
treacherous and cruel, [64], n. 4.
West India plants tried in Virginia, [82].
Weston Documents, [11], m.
Wethersfield, John Oldham and his company settled at, [324].
Weymouth kidnapped Maine Indians, [17].
Whale-fishing in Lake Ontario, [11].
Whelewright, brother-in-law of Mrs. Hutchinson, [336];
banished at November court following the synod, [337];
testimony regarding his sister-in-law, [348], n. 6.
Whelewright's sermon, [331], m.
Whincop charter not used, [184], n. 4; [186], n. 8.
Whiston, a place of Puritan assemblage, [142].
Whitaker, Alexander, praises Dale, [66], n. 9;
minister at Henrico, [168];
letters, [183], n. 3.
Whitaker's Good Newes from Virginia, [66], n. 9; [168].
Whitbourne, Captain, pamphlet on Newfoundland, [224], [258], n. 3;
letters of Wynne and others in, [229], m.
White, Father, Relatio Itineris, [243], m.; [244], m.; [263], n. 16;
on settlement of Montserrat, [261], n. 9; [263], n. 14, n. 16.
White, John, of Dorchester, an active colonizer, [189], [199], [203].
White, John, map of Virginia by, 1586, [8];
in Grenville Collection, [21], n. 4;
reproduced in the Century Magazine, [22], n. 4;
copy in Kohl Collection, [22], n. 4
White's, John, The Planter's Plea, [190], m.; [199], m.
Whitgift, Archbishop, efforts of, to suppress nonconformity, [122];
ordered Bownd's book called in, [132];
persecuted the Puritans at Scrooby, [153];
declared King James inspired, [161].
Whittingham, Dean of Durham, author of A Brieff Discourse, [135], n. 3;
on the Puritan side in Frankfort, [143].
Williams, Roger, in advance of his age, [256];
opposed the authorities in Massachusetts, [267];
early career of, [268];
refused preferments, [269], [307], n. 2;
flight of, to New England, [270];
refuses communion with the Boston church, [270], [307], n. 3;
opposed to compromise, [271], [307], n. 4;
his selection as minister at Salem opposed by the General Court, [271], [272];
removed to Plymouth, [272];
wrote a treatise on the dialect of the New England Indians, [273];
rebuked Bradford and wrote against the royal patents, [274], [281], [308], n. 9;
returned to Salem with some followers, [275];
his ideal too high for that age, [281];
preached without holding office, [281];
"convented at court," [281];
charges against, based on his book, "not so evil as at first they seemed," [282];
the broad principle laid down by, [283];
made teacher at Salem, [284];
fast-day sermon on eleven "public sins," [286];
dealt with ecclesiastically, [287];
scruples against enforced oaths, [289];
new charges against, [289];
champion of soul liberty, [290];
incorrigible, [290], [291];
trial and banishment, [292], [309], n. 12; [310], n. 13, 14, 16;
authorities, [310], n. 17;
on account of illness permitted to remain during the winter, [293];
a few friends faithful to, [293], [294];
escape to the Indians, [295];
abandons settlement at Seekonk River and founds Providence, [296];
banishment of, an act of persecution, [297];
character of, [301], [307], n. 1;
a collector of scruples, [301], [302], [314], n. 23;
tenderness and friendship for Winthrop, [302];
became a Baptist and renounced his baptism, [303];
a Seeker, [303], [304];
his moral elevation of spirit, [304];
ascendency over the Indians, [305];
an individualist, [291], [305];
superior to his age and ours, [305];
his prophetic character, [306]
a John Baptist of the distant future, [306];
enthusiastic nature of, [307], n. 2;
needed no practical consideration to stir him to action, [308], n. 11;
magnanimity without a parallel, [310], n. 15;
removal of Williams and his friends the beginning of dispersions from the colony, [315];
prepared a harbor for all of uneasy conscience, [315].
Williams's letter to Mrs. Sadleir, [268], m.; [270], m.;
letters to Winthrop, [273], m.; [302], m.; [307], n. 5;
Reply to Cotton, [283], m.;
letters to Lady Barrington, [307], n. 1;
letter to John Cotton, the younger, [307], n. 2, 3, 4;
letter to Major Mason, [310], n. 15;
Bloudy Tenent, [311], n. 18.
Wilson, John, interprets battle of mouse and snake, [277];
on Williams's book, [282];
condemned by the Hutchinsonians, [333];
given to rhyming prophecies, [338].
Windebank, schemes of Cecilius Calvert with, [250].
Wine, efforts to produce, in Great Britain, [76];
in Virginia, [81].
Wingandacon, Indian name of the coast of North Carolina, [21], n. 3.
Wingfield deposed from leadership, [31];
recognizes Smith's services, [36];
plot against the life of, [61], n. 2;
warned Newport against Archer, [64], n. 3.
Wingfield's Discourse, [64], n. 3.
Winslow, of Plymouth, warns Williams from Seekonk River, [296].
Winslow's Briefe Narration, [172], m.; [175], m.; [185], n. 6.
Winsor's, Justin, Elder Brewster, [155], m.; [169], m.
Winsor's Narrative and Critical History of America, [21], n. 1.
Winthrop, John, principal figure in the Puritan migration, [202];
character and influence of, [204];
made a justice of the peace, [204], [217], n. 5;
elected governor, [210], [217], n. 6;
objected to a government directed from England, [208];
superseded by Dudley, [287];
recommended Narragansett Bay to Williams, [293], [294];
lenity toward Williams rebuked, [301];
moved house, begun at Newtown, to Boston, [318];
antipathy to Mrs. Hutchinson, [330];
ministers rally around, [332];
again made governor, [336];
chief inquisitor at the trial of Mrs. Hutchinson, [338];
evidence to prove Mrs. Hutchinson a witch, [340], [341];
wallows in superstition, [341].
Winthrop's Journal (Savage's), [252], m.; [272], m.; [290], m.; [291], m.; [294], m.; [301], m.; [307], n. 3; [309], n. 12; [310], n. 17; [318], m.; [323], m.; [329], m.; [336], m.; [339], m.; [340], m.; [341], m.; [344], m.; [348], n. 8; [349], n. 9.
Winthrop's Life and Letters, [198], m.; [217], n. 4, 5, 6; [218], n. 8.
Winthrop's Reasons for New England, [198], [204], [217], n. 4.
Wives for the Virginia colonists, [57], [71], n. 18;
supplied to Louisiana and Canada, [72], n. 18.
Women, proposal to send, to Virginia, [71], n. 18;
in Gates's party, [71], n. 18;
first two in the colony, [71], n. 18.
Wood, beauty of the, of certain American trees, [65], n. 7.
Woodnoth's Short Collection, [70], n. 16; [87], m.;
account of, [97], n. 10.
Wood's New England's Prospect, [18], m.; [318], m.; [319], m.
Words had the force of blows, [110].
Wright's Elizabeth and her Times, [142], m.
Wyatt, Sir Francis, name appended to The Tragicall Relation, [66], n. 9;
opinion of, on a divided government, [207].
Wyckoff, on Silk Manufacture, [95], n. 3.

Yeardley, Sir George, arrival in Virginia, [71], n. 17;
knighted, [134], n. 1;
instructed to administer oath of supremacy, [232].
Yong, Thomas, in the Delaware, [10];
seeks a Mediterranean in America, [11].
Young's Chronicles of Massachusetts, [217], n. 4; [317], m.
Young's Chronicles of the Pilgrims, [158], n. 3; [167], m.; [184], n. 4.
Yucatan, meaning of, [21], n. 3.
Yucca, clothing made from the fiber of the, [79], [80];
a "commoditie of speciall hope and much use," [80].

Zeal, passionate, often stupefies reason, [171].
Zurich and Strasburg cities of refuge for conservatives, [104];
differences between exiles at, and those of Geneva, [106], [107].
Zurich Letters, [135], n. 3.
Zwisck, Peter John, The Liberty of Religion, [312], n. 19.

Charles Alexander Nelson.
THE END.

D. APPLETON & CO.'S PUBLICATIONS.

WITH THE FATHERS. Studies in the History of the United States. By John Bach McMaster, Professor of American History in the University of Pennsylvania, author of "The History of the People of the United States," etc. 8vo. Cloth, $1.50.

"The book is of great practical value, as many of the essays throw a broad light over living questions of the day. Prof. McMaster has a clear, simple style that is delightful. His facts are gathered with great care, and admirably interwoven to impress the subject under discussion upon the mind of the reader."—Chicago Inter-Ocean.

"Prof. McMaster's essays possess in their diversity a breadth which covers most of the topics which are current as well as historical, and each is so scholarly in treatment and profound in judgment that the importance of their place in the library of political history can not be gainsaid."—Washington Times.

"Such works as this serve to elucidate history and make more attractive a study which an abstruse writer only makes perplexing. All through the studies there is a note of intense patriotism and a conviction of the sound sense of the American people which directs the government to a bright goal."—Chicago Record.

"A wide field is here covered, and is covered in Prof. McMaster's own inimitable and fascinating style.... Can not but have a marked value as a work of reference upon several most important subjects."—Boston Daily Advertiser.

"There is much that is interesting in this little book, and it is full of solid chunks of political information."—Buffalo Commercial.

"Clear, penetrating, dispassionate, convincing. His language is what one should expect from the Professor of American History in the University of Pennsylvania. Prof. McMaster has proved before now that he can write history with the breath of life in it, and the present volume is new proof."—Chicago Tribune.

"Of great practical value.... Charming and instructive history."—New Haven Leader.

"An interesting and most instructive volume."—Detroit Journal.

"At once commends itself to the taste and judgment of all historical readers. His style charms the general reader with its open and frank ways, its courageous form of statement, its sparkling, crisp narrative and description, and its close and penetrating analysis of character and events."—Boston Courier.

THE STORY OF THE WEST SERIES.

Edited by Ripley Hitchcock.

"There is a vast extent of territory lying between the Missouri River and the Pacific coast which has barely been skimmed over so far. That the conditions of life therein are undergoing changes little short of marvelous will be understood when one recalls the fact that the first white male child born in Kansas is still living there; and Kansas is by no means one of the newer States. Revolutionary indeed has been the upturning of the old condition of affairs, and little remains thereof, and less will remain as each year goes by, until presently there will be only tradition of the Sioux and Comanches, the cowboy life, the wild horse, and the antelope. Histories, many of them, have been written about the Western country alluded to, but most if not practically all by outsiders who knew not personally that life of kaleidoscopic allurement. But ere it shall have vanished forever we are likely to have truthful, complete, and charming portrayals of it produced by men who actually knew the life and have the power to describe it."—Henry Edward Rood, in the Mail and Express.

NOW READY.

THE STORY OF THE INDIAN. By George Bird Grinnell, author of "Pawnee Hero Stories," "Blackfoot Lodge Tales," etc. 12mo. Cloth, $1.50.

"In every way worthy of an author who, as an authority upon the Western Indians, is second to none. A book full of color, abounding in observation, and remarkable in sustained interest, it is at the same time characterized by a grace of style which is rarely to be looked for in such a work, and which adds not a little to the charm of it"—London Daily Chronicle.

"Only an author qualified by personal experience could offer us a profitable study of a race so alien from our own as is the Indian in thought, feeling, and culture. Only long association with Indians can enable a white man measurably to comprehend their thoughts and enter into their feelings. Such association has been Mr. Grinnell's."—New York Sun.

THE STORY OF THE MINE. By Charles Howard Shinn. Illustrated. 12mo. Cloth, $1.50.

The figures of the prospector and the miner are clearly outlined in the course of the romantic story of that mine which more than any other embodies the romance, the vicissitudes, the triumphs, the excitement, and the science of mining life—the Great Comstock Lode. From the prospector, through development and deep-mining, to the last of the stock gambling, the story is told in a way that presents a singularly vivid and engrossing picture of a life which has played so large a part in the development of the remoter West.

IN PREPARATION.

• The Story of the Trapper. By Gilbert Parker.
• The Story of the Cowboy. By E. Hough.
• The Story of the Soldier. By Captain J. McB. Stembel, U. S. A.
• The Story of the Explorer.
• The Story of the Railroad.

THE PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES, 1789-1894. By John Fiske, Carl Schurz, William E. Russell, Daniel C. Gilman, William Walter Phelps, Robert C. Winthrop, George Bancroft, John Hay, and Others. Edited by General James Grant Wilson. With 23 Steel Portraits, facsimile Letters, and other Illustrations. 8vo. Cloth, $3.50.

"A book which everyone should read over and over again.... We have carefully run through it, and laid it down with the feeling that some such book ought to find its way into every household."—New York Herald.

"A monumental volume, which no American who cares for the memory of the public men of his country can afford to be without."—New York Mail and Express.

"Just the sort of book that the American who wishes to fix in his mind the varying phases of his country's history as it is woven on the warp of the administrations will find most useful. Everything is presented in a clear-cut way, and no pleasanter excursions into history can be found than a study of 'The Presidents of the United States.'"—Philadelphia Press.

"A valuable addition to both our biographical and historical literature, and meets a want long recognized."—Boston Advertiser.

"So scholarly and entertaining a presidential biography has never before appeared in this country.... It is bound to become the standard of its kind."—Binghamton Herald.

"It is precisely the book which ought to have a very wide sale in this country—a book which one needs to own rather than to read and lay aside. No common-school library or collection of books for young readers should be without it."—The Churchman.

"General Wilson has performed a public service in presenting this volume to the public in so attractive a shape. It is full of incentive to ambitious youth; it abounds in encouragement to every patriotic heart."—Charleston News and Courier.

"There is an added value to this volume because of the fact that the story of the life of each occupant of the White House was written by one who made a special study of him and his times.... An admirable history for the young."—Chicago Times.

"Such a work as this can not fail to appeal to the pride of patriotic Americans."—Chicago Dial.

"These names are in themselves sufficient to guarantee adequacy of treatment and interest in the presentation, and it is safe to say that such succinct biographies of the complete portrait gallery of our Presidents, written with such unquestioned ability, have never before been published."—Hartford Courant.

"A book well worth owning, for reading and for reference.... A complete record of the most important events in our history during the past one hundred and five years."—The Outlook.

THE DAWN OF CIVILIZATION. (Egypt and Chaldæa.) By Prof. G. Maspero. Edited by Rev. Prof. A. H. Sayce. Translated by M. L. McClure. Revised and brought up to date by the Author. With Map and over 470 Illustrations. Quarto. Cloth, $7.50.

"The most sumptuous and elaborate work which has yet appeared on this theme.... The book should be in every well-equipped Oriental library, as the most complete work on the dawn of civilization. Its careful reading and studying will open a world of thought to any diligent student, and very largely broaden and enlarge his views of the grandeur, the stability, and the positive contributions of the civilization of that early day to the life and culture of our own times."—Chicago Standard.

"By all odds the best account of Egyptian and Assyrian theology, or more properly speaking, theosophy, with which we are acquainted.... The book will arouse many enthusiasms. Its solid learning will enchant the scholar—its brilliancy will charm the general reader and tempt him into a region which he may have hesitated to enter."—The Outlook.

"For a general comprehension of the dawn of civilization we know of no stronger work."—New York Times.

"You no sooner open it at random than you discover that every paragraph is alluring and instructive. You may not hope to read it through, even in a dozen sittings, but you can not give a glance at any one of its pages without having your attention specially challenged."—New York Herald.

"The most complete reconstruction of that ancient life which has yet appeared in print. Maspero's great book will remain the standard work for a long time to come."—London Daily News.

LIFE IN ANCIENT EGYPT AND ASSYRIA. By G. Maspero, late Director of Archæology in Egypt, and Member of the Institute of France. Translated by Alice Morton. With 188 Illustrations. 12mo. Cloth, $1.50.

"A lucid sketch, at once popular and learned, of daily life in Egypt at the time of Rameses II, and of Assyria in that of Assurbanipal.... As an Orientalist, M. Maspero stands in the front rank, and his learning is so well digested and so admirably subdued to the service of popular exposition, that it nowhere overwhelms and always interests the reader."—London Times.

"Only a writer who had distinguished himself as a student of Egyptian and Assyrian antiquities could have produced this work, which has none of the features of a modern book of travels in the East, but is an attempt to deal with ancient life as if one had been a contemporary with the people whose civilization and social usages are very largely restored."—Boston Herald.

"A most interesting and instructive book. Excellent and most impressive ideas also of the architecture of the two countries and of the other rude but powerful art of the Assyrians, are to be got from it."—Brooklyn Eagle.

"The ancient artists are copied with the utmost fidelity, and verify the narrative so attractively presented."—Cincinnati Times-Star.

A HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES NAVY, from 1775 to 1894. By Edgar Stanton Maclay, A. M. With Technical Revision by Lieut. Roy C. Smith, U. S. N. In two volumes. With numerous Maps, Diagrams, and Illustrations. 8vo. Cloth, $7.00.

"The field is comparatively new, and Mr. Maclay has brought to his task patience, assiduity, and patriotism.... Maps and plans, and a great number of illustrations, add value to the book, which is designed to be a permanent and useful contribution to historical literature."—New York Observer.

"While the author has had the assistance of Lieut. Roy C. Smith, U. S. N., in preparing those parts of his work which are necessarily technical, he has wisely refrained from confusing the general reader by an undue parade of technicalities.... The narrative proceeds in a clear, concise, and vigorous style, which very materially adds to the character of the work."—New York Journal of Commerce.

"The author writes as one who has digged deep before he began to write at all. He thus appears as a master of his material. This book inspires immediate confidence as well as interest."—New York Times.

"A most conscientious narrative, from which wise statesmen may learn much for their guidance, and it certainly is one of absorbing interest."—New York Commercial Advertiser.

"Mr. Maclay is specially qualified for the work he has undertaken. Nine years has he devoted to the task. The result of his labors possesses not only readableness but authority.... Mr. Maclay's story may be truthfully characterized as a thrilling romance, which will interest every mind that is fed by tales of heroism, and will be read with patriotic pride by every true American."—Chicago Evening Post.

"A more valuable and important work of history than this has not been issued from the press for many a day. It is not only that this book tells a story never before told (for Cooper's works never professed to tell the whole story of our navy, even down to his own day), but that it is told with true historic sense, and with the finest critical acumen."—New York Evangelist.

"A work which is destined to fill a noticeable gap in our national annals."—Philadelphia Bulletin.

"No better excuse for this important work could be desired than that a navy with such a brilliant career on the whole as has the American navy is without a full and continuous record of its achievement.... The author has important new facts to tell, and he tells them in a clear and graceful literary style."—Hartford Post.

"Mr. Maclay has deservedly won for himself an enviable place among our American historians.... His researches have been exhaustive and his inquiries persistent, and he has used his wealth of material with a proper appreciation of historical value."—Boston Advertiser.

"Like the average young American, this author has an enthusiastic appreciation of American valor on the high seas, and he reproduces graphic sketches of battle scenes and incidents in a way to insure for his book a hearty welcome on the part of these who keenly enjoy this sort of literature.... The illustrations of the old battle ships and the conflicts at sea, made memorable as long as the history of the American Republic shall live, add much to the attractiveness of this book.... Professor Maclay has added a substantial work to historical American literature."—Philadelphia Telegraph.

"It fills a place which has almost escaped the attention of historians. Mr. Maclay's work shows on every page the minute care with which he worked up his theme. His style is precise and clear, and without any pretense of rhetorical embellishment."—New York Tribune.

THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. A Study of the American Commonwealth, its Natural Resources, People, Industries, Manufactures, Commerce, and its Work in Literature, Science, Education, and Self-Government. Edited by Nathaniel S. Shaler, S. D., Professor of Geology in Harvard University. In two volumes, royal 8vo. With Maps, and 150 full-page Illustrations. Cloth, $10.00.

In this work the publishers offer something which is not furnished by histories or encyclopædias, namely, a succinct but comprehensive expert account of our country at the present day. The very extent of America and American industries renders it difficult to appreciate the true meaning of the United States of America. In this work the American citizen can survey the land upon which he lives, and the industrial, social, political, and other environments of himself and his fellow-citizens. The best knowledge and the best efforts of experts, editor, and publishers have gone to the preparation of a standard book dedicated to the America of the present day; and the publishers believe that these efforts will be appreciated by those who desire to inform themselves regarding the America of the end of the century.

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS.

• Hon. William L. Wilson, Chairman of the Ways and Means Committee, Fifty-third Congress.
• Hon. J. R. Soley, formerly Assistant Secretary of the Navy.
• Edward Atkinson, Ll. D., Ph. D.
• Col. T. A. Dodge, U. S. A.
• Col. George E. Waring, Jr.
• J. B. McMaster, Professor of History in the University of Pennsylvania.
• Charles Dudley Warner, LL. D.
• Major J. W. Powell, Director of the U. S. Geological Survey and the Bureau of Ethnology.
• William T. Harris, LL. D., U. S. Commissioner of Education.
• Lyman Abbott, D. D.
• H. H. Bancroft, author of "Native Races of the Pacific Coast."
• Harry Pratt Judson, Head Dean of the Colleges, University of Chicago.
• Judge Thomas M. Cooley, formerly Chairman of the Interstate Commerce Commission.
• Charles Francis Adams.
• D. A. Sargent, M. D., Director of the Hemenway Gymnasium, Harvard University.
• Charles Horton Cooley.
• A. E. Kennelly, Assistant to Thomas A. Edison.
• D. C. Gilman, LL. D., President of Johns Hopkins University.
• H. G. Prout, Editor of the Railroad Gazette.
• F. D. Millet, formerly Vice-President of the National Academy of Design.
• F. W. Taussig, Professor of Political Economy in Harvard University.
• Henry van Brunt.
• H. P. Fairfield.
• Samuel W. Abbott, M. D., Secretary of the State Board of Health, Massachusetts.
• N. S. Shaler.

Sold only by subscription. Prospectus, giving detailed chapter titles and specimen illustrations, mailed free on request.

New York: D. APPLETON & CO., 72 Fifth Avenue.

Transcriber's notes:

Obvious printer's errors have been corrected, all other inconsistencies are as in the original. The author's spelling has been maintained.

An entry in the index for the "Northwest passage" has been left out, being unreadable.