THE SPANISH FLEET

Type of Ship.	Name of Ship.	Official Tonnage.	Guns.
Royal galleons (18)	San Juan	1,050	50
	San Martin	1,000	48
	San Luis	830	38
	San Felipe	800	40
	San Marcos	790	38
	San Mateo	750	34
	San Juan Bautista	750	34
	San Christobal (Castille)	700	36
	San Juan el Menor	530	24
	Sant’ Jago el Mayor	530	24
	La Asuncion	530	24
	San Medel y Celedon	530	24
	San Felipe y Sant’ Jago	530	24
	San Pedro	530	24
	Sant’ Jago el Menor	520	24
	San Christobal (Portugal)	350	24
	San Bernado	350	24
	Santa Aña	250	24
Italian galleon (1)	San Francesco de Florencia	960	52
Galleasses (4)	San Lorenzo	1,000	50
	Napolitana	1,000	50
	Girona	1,000	50
	Zuñiga	1,000	50
Armed private galleons and great ships (41)	1	1,250	—
	1	1,200	—
	2	1,150	—
	1	1,100	—
	4	over 900	—
	8	over 800	—
	7	over 700	—
	6	over 600	—
	5	over 500	—
	2	over 400	—
	4	over 300	—
Armed urcas	27	150-900	—
Large zabras (barks)	4	150-160	—
Pinnaces and small armed craft of all kinds	30 approx.	40-100	—
Water caravels	9 approx.	—	—
Feluccas	7 approx.	—	—
Total vessels	141

Of these, apparently 3 large ships and 14 small craft parted company or were captured in the Channel, so that at Calais the total number was 124.

Total of seamen	about	7,500
Total of soldiers	about	17,000
Total of volunteers, gentlemen, etc.	about	1,000
Total of galley slaves	about	1,000
Grand total		26,500

Commander-in-Chief	Alonso Perez de Guzman, Duque de Medina Sidonia.
Chief of Staff and virtual Commander	Don Diego Flores de Valdes.
Lieutenant-General	Don Alonso Martinez de Leyva.
Vice-Admiral	Don Juan Martinez de Recalde.

Brigaded Troops on Board the Armada.

Brigade (Tercio).	Maestro de Campo.
Tercio de Sicilia	Don Diego de Pimentel.
Tercio de Napoles	Don Alonso de Luzon.
Tercio de Entre Douro y Minho	Don Francisco Alvarez de Toledo.
Tercio de Isla	Don Nicolas de Isla.
Tercio de Mexìa	Don Agostin de Mexìa.

MARTELLO TOWERS ON THE SUSSEX COAST ERECTED DURING THE PERIOD OF NAPOLEON’S PROJECTED INVASION.

INDEX

Abbo, the monastic writer, [127]
Aberffraw, [105]
Adminius, [32]
Ælflaed, daughter of Offa, [114]
Ælla, King of Northumbria, [125]
Æthelfrith, [150]
Æthelred, son of Æthelwald (Moll), [114]
Aedan, King of the Scots of Dalriada, [110]
Aelfheah, Archbishop of Canterbury, [169], [170]
Aelfmar, Abbot, [169]
Aelfric, Ealdorman, [165], [166], [167]
Aelfthryth, [162]
Aella, King of South Saxons, [97]
Aella of Deira, [78]
Aelred of Rievaulx, [230]
Aethelbald, King, [124]
Aethelberht, King of Kent, [93], [109], [110], [124], [125]
Aethelflæd, daughter of Alfred, [142], [153], [154], [156], [157]
Aethelfrith, King of Northumbria, [110], [112], [113]
Aethelhelm, Ealdorman of Dorset, [120], [146]
Aethelnoth, Ealdorman of Somerset, [138], [146]
Aethelred I., King of Wessex, [125], [126], [127], [128], [129], [130], [132], [152]
Aethelred, Lord of Mercia, [140], [143], [145], [146], [147], [153], [154]
Aethelred II., ‘the Redeless,’ [162], [163], [166], [167], [168], [169], [170], [171], [172]
Aethelric, King of Bernicia, [110]
Aethelstan, [158], [160], [161]
Aethelwald, [152]
Aethelweard, Chronicler, [134], [147]
Aethelwulf, King, [120], [122], [124], [131]
Aethelwulf, Ealdorman, [124]
Aëtius, Roman General, [84], [87]
Agricola, G. Julius, [53], [54], [59]
Alan Fergent, [180]
Alaric, King of Visigoths, [69], [73]
Albany, Robert, Duke of, [245], [246], [247]
Albemarle, William of, [229], [230], [232]
Albini, Philip d’, [214]
Albinus, Decimus Clodius, [59]
Alexander III. of Scotland, [234]
Alfred the Great, [107], [127], [128], [129], [130], [131], [132], [134], [135], [139], [142], [143], [144], [145], [148], [150], [160]
Allectus, [62]
Alney, Isle of, Gloucestershire, [174]
Alnwick, [227], [231], [234], [255]
Alva, Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, Duke of, [280], [307]
Alvarez de Toledo, Don Francisco, [307], [362]
Ambleteuse, [221], [354]
Amboyna, Massacre of, [318]
Ambrosius Aurelianus, [98], [99], [104], [105], [107], [108], [113], [131]
Ammianus Marcellinus, [67], [68]
Amund, [134]
Andover, [166]
Andredsweald, [25], [143], [193], [202], [357]
Aneurin, [108]
Angeln, Home of the Angles, [92]
Angles, [61], [67], [78]
‘Anglo-Saxon Chronicle,’ [89], [104], [109], [131], [132], [134], [144], [148], [154], [163], [178], [205], [207]
Anlaf Guthfrithson, King of Dublin, [159]
Anlaf Quaran, [159]
‘Annales Cambriæ,’ [102], [104]
Anne de Bretagne, Queen of France, [251]
Annibault, Admiral d’, [217], [218], [220], [302]
Antonio, Prince of Portugal, [283]
Antonius, M., [12]
Antwerp, [304]
Appledore, [144]
Appleyard, Sir Nicholas, [257]
Argyll, John Campbell, Duke of, [333], [334]
Argyll, second Earl of, [261]
Ariovistus, [7]
Armies of Invasion, Scottish, [236]
Arnulf, Emperor, [142]
Arran, Earl of, [251]
Arthur (Artorius), [99], [102], [104], [107], [108], [113], [131]
Asser, biographer of Alfred, [129], [130], [131], [132], [136]
Athelney, Isle of, [137]
Atrebates, the, [3], [4], [30]
Atrius, Quintus, [22], [23], [26]
Attacotti, the, [67], [68], [69]
Augustine, St., [114]
Augustus, Emperor, [12]
Aurelius Caninus, [105], [106]
Avars, the, [108]
Ayton, Peace of, [250]
‘Babington’ Plot, [287]
Baegsceg, [127], [129]
Balliol, Edward, [241]
Balliol, John, [241]
Bamborough (Bebban-burh), [108], [126], [165], [265]
Bangor Iscoed, [112]
Bantry Bay, [346]
Bardney, [127]
Barmoor, [258], [260]
Barton, Andrew, [250], [257]
Barton, Robert, [250]
Bath (Aquæ Sulis), [64], [107], [110]
Battles:
Aclea, [123], [357];
Aescdune (Ashdown), [128], [129];
Agned, [100], [102];
‘Alleluia’ battle, [81];
Assandune (Ashington), [174];
Aylesford, [90];
Bannockburn, [226], [236];
Basing, [130];
Bassas, [99];
Beachy Head, [345];
Bedford, [109];
Bemfleet, [144], [145];
Blackwater (Essex), [38];
Brentford, [26], [173];
Brunanburh, [159], [160], [161];
Buttington, [146];
Byland, [238], [239];
Cadiz, [287], [315];
Cambuskenneth, [235];
Camlan, [104];
Carham-on-Tweed, [224], [226];
Charmouth, [119], [122];
City-of-the-Legion, [99];
Clitheroe, [228], [230];
Coit Celidon, [99], [100];
Crayford, [91];
Culloden, [343];
Cynuit, [138];
Damme, [210];
Deal, [18];
Deorham, [109], [113];
Deva, [112], [113];
Dubglas, [99];
Durgwentid River, [90];
Durham, [224], [225];
Durovernum, [23];
Ethandune, [139];
Farnham (Surrey), [144];
Flodden, [262–270];
Fulford, [187];
Gleni, [99], [100];
Gravelines, [305–309];
Gwinnion Castle, [99], [102];
Haddon Rigg, [271];
Halidon Hill, [274];
Hastings, [191–203];
Hengestedune, [120];
Homildon (or Humbledon) Hill, [246], [247];
La Rochelle, [215];
Lea, [147];
L’Espagnols-sur-Mer, [215];
Lincoln, [213];
London (round), [173];
Louvain, [142];
Lyons (Lugdunum), [59];
Maldon (Essex), [157];
Marden, [130];
Medway, [36];
Menai Strait, [42];
Milford Haven, [216];
Mons Badonis, or Badonicus, or Mount Badon, [100], [102], [104], [105];
Myton-on-Swale, [238];
Neville’s Cross, [243];
Northallerton, [231];
Otford, [174];
Otterburn, [245];
Paulinus’s defeat of Boudicca, [52];
Penselwood, [167], [173];
Preston, [335], [336];
Ribruit, [99], [102];
Rochester, [141];
Scapula’s with Caradoc, [41];
Sherston, [173];
Silurian defeat of Legio XX., [42];
Sluys, [215];
Solway Moss, [271], [272], [273];
Stamford Bridge, [187], [188];
‘Standards,’ [231];
Tempsford, [156];
Totanhael (Tottenhall), [153];
Verulam, [28];
Wareham, Siege of, [136];
Wight, Isle of, [301];
Wilton, [130]
Bayeux tapestry, [188], [194]
Bazan, Don Alonso de, [313]
Bearpark, [241]
Bede, [86], [89], [92], [93], [97], [110], [112]
Bedford, [156]
Belgæ of Britain and Gaul, [3], [31], [38]
Beorhtwulf, King of Mercia, [123]
Beowulf, poem of, [88]
Berkeley, Lord, [216]
Berkshire Downs, the, [128]
Bernicia, [78], [107], [108], [159], [224], [225]
Bertendona, Don Martin de, [294], [298]
Berwick-on-Tweed, [238], [244], [249]
Biez, Maréchal, [217]
Bishop Auckland, [241], [242]
‘Black Death,’ [244]
Blanche of Castille, [212], [213]
Blavet River, [314]
Bloody Assize, [327], [331]
Boisot, Admiral Louis, [282]
Boroughmuir of Edinburgh, [251]
Borthwick, Robert, Master Gunner of Scotland, [252], [263], [269]
Bothwell, Earl of, [261], [266], [267]
Boudicca (Boadicea), Queen of Iceni, [44], [45], [46], [52], [53], [63]
Boulogne (Gessoriacum), [16], [62], [143], [354]
Bouvet, French Rear-Admiral, [346]
Bowness (Gabrosentum), [56]
Brackel, Dutch Captain, [324]
Brancaster, [72]
Branxton Hill and Church, [258], [261], [266], [268]
Bréauté, Faukes de, [211], [212], [213]
Breda, [319], [327]
Brentford, [26]
Bridgenorth, [154]
Bridport, Lord, [350]
Brigantes, the, [39], [41], [42], [53], [54], [58], [59]
Brihtnoth, Ealdorman of Essex, [164]
Bristol, [210]
British troops and chariotry, [14], [15], [16], [25]
‘Britains, Duke of the’ (Dux Britanniarum), [72]
Brittany, [82]
Brittany, Count of, [212]
Brochmail, King of Theyrnllwg, [112]
Bromesberrow, [154]
Bruce, Edward, [237], [238]
Brutus, Decimus Junius, [12]
Bulmer, Sir William, [252]
Burgh, Hubert de, [210], [214]
Burghley, Lord, Treasurer of England, [285], [312], [316]
Burhred of Mercia, [126], [132]
Burh-ware (fort-folk), [141], [145], [154], [157], [170]
Cadwan, King of Gwynedd, [112]
Caerleon (Isca Silurum), [40], [64]
Caermarthen, [216]
Cæsar, Gaius Julius, [1–30]
Calais, [302], [303], [305], [315]
Calderon, Spanish Fleet Treasurer, [302]
Calleva (Silchester), [50]
Cambridge, [157], [207]
Cameron of Lochiel, [338]
Campbells, the, [333]
Camulodunum. See [Colchester]
Camville, Nicola de, [212]
Candidianus (Aurelius) or Condidan, [110]
Canterbury (Dur-went), [25], [123], [169]
Cantii, the, [4], [31]
Caradoc (Caratacus), King of South Britain, [32], [35], [37], [38], [40], [41]
Carausius, Marcus Aurelius, [62], [64]
Careg Gwasted Bay, [348]
Carew, Sir George, [220]
Carey, Robert, [303], [310]
Carlisle, [227], [228], [235], [237], [339]
Carnot, Lazare N. M., [347]
Carnwath, Lord, [334]
Carpenter, General George, [334], [335], [336]
Carrickfergus, [251]
Carthagena, [286]
Cartimandua, Queen of Brigantes, [41], [42]
Cassingham, William de, ‘Wilkin of the Weald,’ [211]
Castagnier, Commodore, [347], [348]
Caswallon (Cassivellaunus), King of the Catuvellauni, [9], [22], [24], [25], [26], [28], [29], [30], [31], [40]
Categirn, [90]
Catus, Decianus, [43], [44], [45]
Catuvellauni, the, [4], [22], [24], [25], [31], [38]
Cawdor, Lord, [349]
Ceawlin, King of West Saxons, [109], [110], [113]
Cecil, Sir Robert, [316]
Ceorl, Ealdorman, [122]
Cerdic, [105], [106]
Cerealis, Quintus Petilius, [45], [46], [53]
Chadwick, Professor, [94]
Channel Islands, [314]
Charles the Bald, King of West Franks, [124]
Charles the Great (Charlemagne), [114], [116], [119], [134]
Charles Edward Stuart, Prince, [337], [338], [339], [340], [341], [342], [343]
Charles I., [318]
Charles II., [319], [320], [321], [327]
Charles V., Emperor, [217]
Chatham, [320], [321], [326]
Chester (Deva), [42], [46], [47], [48], [50], [57], [70], [110], [146], [154], [162], [163]
Chichester (Regnum), [146]
Chippenham, Treaty of, [139]
Churchill, General (Duke of Marlborough), [329]
Church Oakley, [357]
Cicero, Marcus Tullius, [12], [28]
Cicero, Q. Tullius, [12]
Cimelauc, Bishop of Llandaff, [155]
Cinque Ports, [210], [211], [214]
Cirencester (Corinium), [50], [64], [97], [106], [110], [137]
Cissa, [97]
Claudian, Roman poet, [68], [69], [71], [72]
Clere, Sir Thomas, Vice-Admiral of England, [221]
Cnut, [171], [172], [173], [174], [176], [224], [225]
Cockburnspath, [100]
Coel, King of Reged, [75], [105]
Coelwulf II., King of Mercia, [132], [137]
Colchester (Camulodunum), [31], [37], [38], [40], [45], [46], [47], [48], [63], [157]
Coldstream, [261], [268]
Columbus, Christopher, [275]
Comes Britanniarum (Count of the Britains), [72]
Comes Littoris Saxonici (Count of the Saxon shore), [72]
Commius, King of Atrebates, [3], [4], [8], [18], [20], [28], [30]
Conmail, British King, [110]
Constable, Sir Marmaduke, [255], [263]
Constantine, British Emperor, [73], [74], [75]
Constantine III., King of Scotland, [158], [160], [223], [224]
Constantinople, English emigration to, [208]
Constantinus of Damnonia, [105]
Corbett, Julian, [280], [283], [353], [356], [358]
Corbridge (Corstopitum), [59], [66]
Corfe Castle, [162]
Coritani, the, [39], [40]
Cornavii, the, [39], [40]
Cornwall (Damnonia), [31], [39], [63], [71], [79], [120]
Coroticus of Strathclyde, [75], [104]
Coruña, [291], [292]
Coucy, Enguerrand de, [211]
Coupland, John of, [243]
Courtenay, Robert de, [214]
Coventry, [340]
Crassus, P. Licinius, [11]
Crawford, Earl of, [261], [263], [266]
Crofts, Sir James, [285], [287]
Cromwell, Oliver, [319], [327]
Crowland Abbey, [127]
Culverins, [269]
Cumberland, [227]
Cumberland, George Clifford, Earl of, [303]
Cumberland, William, Duke of, [339], [340], [342], [343]
Cunedda, King of Gwynedd, [71], [75], [79]
Cuneglass, King of Powys, [105]
Cunobelin, King of South Britain, [31], [32], [37]
Dacre, Lord, [250], [257], [263], [265], [270]
Dacre, Thomas, [272]
Danby, Lord, [330]
‘Danegeld,’ [165], [166], [167], [168], [169], [176]
Danelaw, [152]
Dartmouth, [215], [329], [330]
Dathi, Ard-righ of Ireland, [79]
David I., King of Scotland, [228], [229], [230], [231], [232]
David II., King of Scotland, [241], [242], [243], [244]
Decrès, Admiral, [352]
Deira, [78], [107], [110]
De la Motte, French Ambassador, [251]
Derby, [156], [340], [341]
Derwentwater, Lord, [333], [337]
Desbrière, Colonel, [353], [354]
Devonshire, Earl of, [330]
Didius, Roman Governor of Britain, [42]
Dinguardi (Bamborough), [108]
Dion Cassius, [36], [38], [50], [52]
Doddington, [258]
Donald, Galwegian Chief, [232]
Doncaster, [228]
Dorstadt, sack by Danes, [119]
Dover, [17], [18], [210], [212], [213], [214], [304]
Douglas, Archibald, Earl of, [246], [247], [248]
Douglas, Captain, [326]
Douglas, James, the ‘Good Lord,’ [237], [238], [239], [240]
Douglas, James II., Earl of, [244], [245]
Douglas, Sir William, [242]
Drake, Sir Francis, [278], [279], [283], [286–294], [296], [299–306], [310–314], [317], [358], [360]
Druidism, [33], [40], [42]
Dryburgh Abbey, [238]
Dumfries, [334]
Duncan, King of Scotland, [225]
Dundee, [245]
Dunluce Castle, [310]
Dunstan, St. (Archbishop), [163], [164]
Durham, Bishop Ruthal of, [260]
Durotriges, the, [38]
Dutigern, King, of Reged, [108]
Eadgar the Peaceful, [161], [162], [163]
Eadmund, King of East Anglia (St.), [127], [140]
Eadmund I., [160], [161], [227]
Eadmund II., ‘Ironside,’ [171], [172], [173], [174], [176]
Eadred, [161]
Eadric Streona, [169], [171], [172], [173], [174]
Eadward I., [107], [144], [146], [152–158], [160]
Eadward II., ‘the Martyr,’ [162]
Eadward III., ‘the Confessor,’ [177], [178], [184], [210]
Eadwine, King of Northumbria, [93]
Eadwine, Earl, [178], [179], [183], [186], [187], [190], [191], [205], [206]
Ealdred, High-Reeve of Bamborough, [158]
Ealhstane, Bishop of Sherborne, [122]
Eardwulf, ‘Cudel,’ [224], [225]
Ebbsfleet, [90]
Eboracum (see York), [125]
Ecgberht, King, [120], [131]
Eddisburh, [156]
Edinburgh, [245], [251], [334], [339], [341]
Edward I., [183], [223], [234], [235], [236]
Edward II., [236], [238], [239], [240]
Edward III., [240], [241]
Elizabeth, Queen, [275], [279], [282–288], [312–316]
Ely, [127], [206], [207]
Englefield Green, Windsor Forest, [128]
Eric, King of East Anglia, [153]
Eric, Haakonson, Jarl, [172], [224]
Esegar, the ‘Staller,’ [196], [204]
Esk, the (Cumberland), [272]
Espec, Sir Walter, [229], [230], [232]
Essex, Robert Devereux, Earl of, [315], [316]
Estuteville, Robert d’, [233]
Etal Castle, [255]
Etaples, [354]
Eugenius, King of Strathclyde, [160], [224]
Eustace, Count of Boulogne, [180], [194], [202]
Eustace the Monk, [213], [214]
Exeter (Isca Damnoniorum), [39], [167], [205], [331]
Fala Muir, [271]
Falmouth Haven, [282]
Farinmail, [110]
Fenner, Vice-Admiral Thomas, [306], [308]
Fernandez, Duro, Captain, [357]
Ferrol, [315], [353]
Feversham, Louis Duras, Lord, [329]
Fife, Murdoch, Earl of, [246], [247]
Finchley, [339], [341]
Fire of London, Great, [319]
Fishguard Bay, [347], [348], [349], [350]
Fitzwalter, Robert, [212], [213]
Flat Holm (Bradanrelice), [155]
Fleming, Captain, [292], [298]
Florence of Worcester, [183]
Flores de Valdes, Don Diego, [294], [361]
Flushing, [289]
Ford Castle, [255], [258], [260]
Forster, Miss Dorothy, [337]
Forster, Mr. Thomas, [333], [334], [336], [337]
Fowey, [210]
Fræna, Ealdorman, [165]
François I., King of France, [217], [222], [271]
Franks, [61]
French Committee of Public Safety, [347]
Frisians, [61], [62], [67], [116], [148]
Frithgist, Ealdorman, [165]
Frobisher, Sir M., [300–307], [360]
Fullofaudes, Dux, [67]
Gainsborough, [171]
Galba, King of the Suessiones, [2]
Galwegians, [229], [230], [231]
Garde, Paulin, Baron de la, [217]
Geoffrey of Monmouth, [90]
George II., [339], [341]
Germanus, St., [76], [79–83], [87], [88], [91]
Gerontius (Geraint), [74]
Gessoriacum (Boulogne), [32]
Geta, Hosidius, [36]
Gewissæ, or West Saxons, [105], [109]
Giffard, Walter, de Longueville, [194]
Gilbert of Ghent, [212]
Gildas, [70], [71], [74], [77], [84], [87], [88], [96], [97], [102], [106]
Glasgow, [343]
Glen, River, [257]
Glendower, Owen, [216], [217]
Gloucester (Glevum), [40], [63], [106], [110]
Godfrid, King, [116]
Godolphin, Sir Francis, [314]
Godwin, Earl (temp. Aethelred II.), [165]
Godwin, Bishop of Rochester, [169]
Gomez de Medina, Don Juan, [295]
Goodwick, [348], [349]
Gordon, Sir Adam, [247]
Graham, Sir John, [243]
Gratianus, British Emperor, [73]
Gravesend, [215]
Greenwich, [170]
Grenville, Sir Richard, [220]
Grouchy, General, [346]
Gualo, Cardinal, [211], [213]
Gunhild, sister of Sweyn, ‘Fork-beard,’ [166]
Guthred, [142]
Guthrum I., Viking King, [134], [139], [140], [142], [143]
Guthrum II., Viking King, [153], [156]
Guy of Amiens, [180], [196]
Gyrth, brother of Harold II., [191], [196], [198]
Haakon, Jarl, [164]
Hadrian, Emperor, [53], [54], [58]
Haesten, the Viking, [143], [144], [145], [146], [154]
Halfdene, the Viking, [127], [130], [132], [133]
Halidon Hill, [247]
Hall, English Chronicler, [252], [254], [257], [258], [260], [269]
Halley’s Comet, [183]
Halliford, [26]
Hangest, Jean de, [216]
Harald Hardrada, King of Norway, [179], [182], [186], [187], [188], [204]
Harald Harfaagr, [161]
Harold II., [177], [178], [182–192], [196], [202], [203], [204], [226]
Hatton, Sir C., [285]
Haverfordwest, [216]
Havre, [218], [220]
Hawkins, Sir John, [277], [279], [293], [301–307], [313], [314], [360]
Hawley, Sir John, [342], [343]
Helvoetsluys, [328]
Hemingburgh, the Chronicler, [235]
Hengist, [86], [87], [88], [91], [92], [93]
Henri IV. of France, [313]
Henry ‘the Fowler,’ Emperor, [161]
Henry, son of David I., [228], [230], [232]
Henry II., [211], [233], [234]
Henry III., [211], [214]
Henry IV., [216], [246]
Henry VII., [217], [250]
Henry VIII., [217], [218], [250], [251], [254], [270]
Herebert, Ealdorman of Lindsey, [120]
Hereward the Wake, [206], [207]
Heron, Lady, [255]
Hexham Abbey, [235]
High Rochester (Bremenium), [59]
‘Historia Brittonum,’ [71], [77], [86–99]
Hoche, Lazare, General, [345], [346], [347], [350]
Hocneratun (? Hook Norton), [155]
Holinshed, Raphael, [258], [269]
Home, Alexander, third Lord, [252], [261–270]
Home, Sir David, of Wedderburn, [263]
Horik, King of Denmark, [117]
Horsa, or Hors, [88], [90]
Howard, Lord Edmund, [255], [263], [269]
Howard of Effingham, Lord, High Admiral of England, [250], [279], [288–315], [360]
Howard, Thomas, afterwards third Duke of Norfolk, High Admiral of England, [250], [255], [257], [262], [263], [271]
Hroald, [155], [156]
Hrothwyn (Rowena), [89]
Hubba the Viking, [126], [127], [137], [139]
Humber, the, [39], [122]
Huntingdon, [157], [228]
Huntly, Alexander, third Earl of, [261], [263], [266]
Hygelac the Dane, [116]
Iceni, the, [4], [31], [45]
Ida, King of Bernicia, [108]
Ingvar, [126], [127]
Innocent III., Pope, [209], [210], [212]
Inquisition, the Spanish, [276]
Ipswich, [164], [169]
Ireland, [78], [117], [237]
Isca Silurum (Caerleon), [48]
Isla, Don Nicolas de, [362]
James I. of Scotland, [247], [249]
James II. of Scotland, [249]
James IV. of Scotland, [249], [250], [251], [255], [257], [260–268]
James V. of Scotland, [270], [273]
James VI. of Scotland, I. of England, [273], [316], [318]
James II. (Duke of York, afterwards), [319], [327], [328], [329], [330], [331], [332]
James Stuart, Prince, [334], [337], [338]
Jarrow, Bede’s monastery at, [115]
Jedburgh, [247]
Jervis, Admiral, Earl of St. Vincent, [350]
John, King of England, [209], [210]
Julius Firmicus, [66]
Jutes, [61], [67], [105]
Kenmure, Lord, [334], [337]
Kinsale, [216], [316]
Labienus, Titus, [11], [22], [24]
Lanercost, Chronicle of, and priory, [241]
Lea, the, [147]
Leeds (Loidis), [79]
Leicester (Ratæ), [39], [157]
Leicester, R. Dudley, Earl of, [285]
Leith, [334]
Lennox, Earl of, [261]
Leofric, Earl of Mercia, [177]
Leofwine, brother of Harold II., [196], [199]
Leveson, Sir Richard, [316]
Leyva, Don Alonso Martinez de, [288], [294–310], [361]
Liddell, the ‘pyle’ of, [241]
Ligonier, General, [339]
Lincoln (Lindum), [40], [45], [46], [47], [50], [64], [206]
Lindisfarne (Holy Island), [108], [115]
Lisbon, [291], [315]
Lisle, John, Lord, [218–221], [302]
Llanwnda, [348]
Llywarch, the bard, [108]
Lochmaben, [271]
London, [32], [36], [37], [46], [47], [50], [51], [64], [65], [80], [87], [91], [106], [107], [109], [122], [123], [132], [142], [143], [147], [165], [166], [169–172], [190], [191], [196], [205], [209–213], [285], [321], [333], [340], [341]
Lonsdale, Lord, [335]
Lothian, [71], [224], [225], [228]
Louis XIV. of France, [328], [345]
Louis, Dauphin of France, [209], [210], [211], [212], [213], [214]
Lucomon, royal reeve, [150]
Ludwig ‘the Pious,’ Emperor, [117], [120]
Lugotorix, [26]
Lupus, Bishop of Troyes, [79], [80]
Luxan, Francisco de, [277]
Luzon, Don Alonso de, [362]
Lygton (Leighton Buzzard), [155]
Lympne, [143]
Macbeth, King of Scotland, [225]
MacIntosh, General, [334], [337]
Maelgwn, King of Gwynedd, [102], [105]
Maes Garmon, near Mold, [81]
Magesaetas, [174]
Magna Carta, [209]
Malcolm II. of Scotland, [224], [225]
Malcolm III., ‘Canmore,’ King of Scotland, [186], [205], [225], [226], [228]
Maldon (Essex), [155], [164]
Malise, Earl of Strathearn, [230]
Man, Isle of, [236]
Manchester, [340], [342]
Mandubracius, [22], [24], [28]
Manna, Earl, [156]
Mar, John Erskine, Earl of, [333], [334]
March, Earl of, [246]
Marcus, British Emperor, [73]
Margaret, sister of Eadgar ‘the Ætheling,’ [227]
Margaret Tudor, Queen of James IV., [250]
Maria Theresia, Empress, [338]
Marie de Lorraine, Queen of James V., [271]
Mary, Queen of Scots, [273], [283], [285], [287]
Mary II. of England, [328], [332]
Matilda, Empress, daughter of Henry I., [228]
Matilda, wife of William I., [188]
Maximus, Magnus Clemens, British Emperor, [69], [70], [71], [82]
Medina Sidonia, Duke of, [288–309], [361]
Medrant, [104]
Melrose Abbey, [100], [238]
Menendez de Aviles, Pero, [277], [278], [279], [282], [283], [301], [312], [316]
Menendez Marquez, Pero, [312]
Mercer, Andrew, [244]
Merse, the, [225]
Mersey Island (Essex), [146]
Mexia, Don Agostin de, [362]
Milford Haven, [216]
Missiessy, Admiral, [353]
Mole, River (Surrey), [51]
Mona (Anglesey), [33], [40], [42]
Monçada, Don Hugo de, [295], [300], [304], [305]
Monk, George, Lord General, [320], [321], [324]
Monmouth, James, Duke of, [327]
Montgomerie, Roger de, [194]
Montrose, Alexander, Earl of, [261], [263], [266]
Morard de Galles, Vice-Admiral, [346]
Moray, Thomas Randolph, Earl of, [238], [239], [240], [243]
Morkere, Earl, [178], [179], [183], [187], [190], [191], [205], [207]
Mountjoy, Lord Deputy, [316]
Mount’s Bay, [314]
Mousehole, [314]
Murray, Lord George, [338], [341], [342], [343]
Musgrave, ‘Jacke’ of, [272]
Napoleon I., [269], [345], [351–356]
Narcissus, treasurer of Claudius I., [34]
Natan-leod, [106]
Nectarides, Count of the Saxon Shore, [67]
Netherby (Castra Exploratorum), [59]
Neville, Ralph, [242]
Newark, [211]
Newcastle-on-Tyne, [227], [235], [238], [335], [339]
New Forest, the, [109]
Newlyn, [314]
Nicholson, Mr. E. B., [104]
Nithsdale, Lord and Lady, [334], [337]
Norham Castle, [228], [254]
Norreys, Sir John, [312]
Northampton, [157], [240]
Norwich, [168]
Nottingham, [126], [206]
Oakley, near Basingstoke (see [Appendix A]), [123]
Ockley (Surrey), [357]
Odda, Ealdorman, [138]
Odo of Bayeux, [196], [199], [205]
Oglethorpe, General, [342]
Ohthere the Viking, [155], [156]
Ojeda, Don Agostin de, [295]
Olaf Haraldson, [188]
Olaf Tryggvason, [118], [164], [165], [166], [167]
Oquendo, Don Miguel de, [294], [298], [308], [309], [310]
Ordovices, the, [40], [42]
Osbeorht, [125]
Oskytel the Viking, [134]
Osric, Ealdorman, [124]
Otadini, the, [71], [72]
Otto ‘the Great,’ Emperor, [161]
Owen, King of Reged, [108]
‘Owers’ Shoals, [219], [302]
Oxford, [176]
Padstow (St. Petrocstow), [163]
Pallig, Jarl, [166], [167]
Palmer, Admiral Sir Henry, [290]
Parma, Alessandro Farnese, Prince of, [287], [289], [290], [296], [301], [302], [303], [309]
Paulinus, C. Suetonius, [42–53]
Pearls, British, [28]
Pelagius, [79]
Penrith, [335], [342]
Penzance, [314]
Pepys, Samuel, [320], [326]
Perche, Count of, [212], [213]
Percy, Alan, [230]
Percy, Henry, ‘Hotspur,’ [242], [245], [246]
Perth, [245], [334]
Peterborough, [127]
Pevensey (Anderida), [97], [188], [190], [203]
Philip Augustus, King of France, [209]
Philip II. of Spain, [280–316], [351]
Philippa, wife of Edward III., [242]
Philpot, John, [244]
Picts (Caledonians), [59–80], [224], [229], [230]
Pimentel, Don Diego de, [307], [362]
Plague, the Great, of London, [319]
Plautius, Aulus, [33–39], [57]
Plymouth, [215], [216], [291–299], [314]
Poenius Postumus, [47]
Pontefract, [254]
Porlock, [155]
Portland, [120], [164], [300]
Portsmouth, [203], [215], [303]
Portugal, Henrique, King of, [283]
Portus Itius (Wissant), [21], [22]
Prasutagus, King of the Iceni, [44], [45]
Prouse, Captain, [304]
Quatbridge-on-Severn, [147]
Quincy, Saer de, [212]
Ragnar Lodbrog, [126], [139]
Ranmore, Surrey, [51]
Reading, [128]
Recalde, Don Juan Martinez de, [287–310], [361]
Redwulf, King of Northumbria, [122]
Regnald, Viking King of Deira, [158]
Regni, the, [4], [31], [38]
Requesens, Don Luis de, [280], [282]
Richard I., [234]
Richard II., [244]
Richard III., [249], [254]
Rieux, Maréchal Jean de, [216]
Risingham (Habitancum), [59]
Robert I. (Bruce) of Scotland, [236–241], [274]
Robert II. of Scotland, [243], [244], [246]
Robert of Mortain, [196]
Robert, son of William I., [227]
Roches, Peter des, [211], [212]
Rochester, [122], [321]
Rokeby, Thomas of, [240], [242]
Roman army, [9–14], [21–23], [33], [34], [69], [72]
Roman citizenship, [82], [83]
Roman Emperors: Antoninus Pius, [58];
Augustus, [31], [32];
Aurelian, [41];
Caracalla, [60];
Claudius I., [32–41], [43], [58];
Constans I., [66], [70];
Constantine the Great, [63], [70];
Constantius Chlorus, [62], [63];
Constantius II., [63];
Diocletian, [62];
Gaius Cæsar (‘Caligula’), [32];
Gratianus, [70];
Honorius, [72], [73], [74], [75];
Maximianus, [62];
Nero, [43], [44];
Severus I., [56], [59], [60], [65];
Theodosius I., [70], [72];
Titus, [38];
Valentinian I., [70];
Valentinian II., [70];
Valentinian III., [86]
Roman legions: IInd, ‘Augusta,’ [34]-51, [72], [74];
VIth, [53], [57], [72], [73];
VIIth, [9], [16], [20], [23];
VIIIth, [9];
IXth, ‘Hispana,’ [9], [34], [40–53];
Xth, [1], [9], [10], [16], [20];
XIVth, ‘Gemina Martia,’ [34], [40], [42], [46];
XXth, ‘Valeria Victrix,’ [34], [40], [42], [46], [57]
Roman walls of London, [123]
Rorik the Dane, [123]
Rothbury, [334]
Rothesay, David, Duke of, [246]
Roxburgh, [249]
Ruijter, Admiral Michiel Adriaanszoon de, [320], [321], [326], [327]
Rutupiae (Richborough), [35], [48], [72]
Rye, [215]
St. Albans, [31], [64], [65], [210]
St. Andrews, Archbishop of, [244]
St. Augustine, [286]
St. Brice’s Day, massacre on, [167]
St. David’s Cathedral, [349]
St. Helens, [218]
St. Paul, [314]
St. Valery-en-Caux, [182], [188]
Sandwich, [22], [122], [171], [213]
Santa Cruz, Alvaro de Bazan, Marques de, [284], [285], [286], [287], [288], [289], [313]
Santa Gadea, Conde de, [315]
Santander, [280], [282]
Sarsfield, Colonel Patrick, [331]
Sarum, [168]
Scapula Publius Ostorius, [40], [42]
Scarborough, [187]
Scargate, [154]
Scillies, [282], [314]
Selby, Walter de, [241]
Selim, Prince of Powys, [112]
Seneca, Lucius Annaeus, [44]
Severn, [39], [47], [48]
Seymour, Lord Henry, [290], [304], [305], [306]
Sheerness, [321], [324]
Sheppey, [119], [124], [174]
Ships, names of:
Ark Royal, [301], [304];
Bonaventure, [303];
Great James, [324];
Harry Grâce-à-Dieu, [218];
Jennet Perwyn, [250];
Lion, [250];
Long Serpent, [118];
Loyal London, [324];
Maria Juan, [309];
Marie Rose, [220];
Mora, [188];
Nonpareil, [306];
Nuestra Senora del Rosario, [299], [300];
Primrose, [286];
Revenge, [299], [306], [307], [313];
Rata Encoronada, [298];
Royal Charles, [324];
Royal Oak, [324], [326];
San Felipe, [307], [308], [309], [360];
San Francesco de Florencia, [300];
San Juan, [298], [305], [360];
San Lorenzo, [305];
San Luis, [301], [302];
San Martin, [294], [298–308];
San Mateo, [307], [308], [309];
San Salvador, [299], [300];
Triumph, [301], [302];
Vanguard, [308]
Ships, types of, [117], [118], [148], [218], [277–290]
Siegfred, [143]
Sigeric, Archbishop, [165]
Silchester (Calleva), [51], [64], [66], [76], [97], [109]
Silures, the, [31–40], [53]
Sinclair, Sir Oliver, [271], [272]
Sinclair, Lord, [261], [263]
Sores, a Huguenot captain, [276]
Southampton, [3], [72], [78], [105], [124], [163]
Southwark, [205]
Spithead, [184]
Spragge, Admiral Sir Edward, [321], [326]
Stafford, [155]
Stamford, [157]
Stane Street, [357]
Stanhope, General, [333]
Stanley, Sir Edward, [257], [263], [266]
Stephen of Blois, King of England, [228]
Steward, Walter the, [239]
Stigand, Archbishop of Canterbury, [181]
Stilicho, Roman General, [69], [72]
Stirling, [334]
Strabo, [31], [32]
Strathclyde, [75], [104], [107], [159], [224], [230]
Strozzi, Leone, [217]
Stuart, Alexander, Archbishop of St. Andrews, [268]
Surrey, Thomas Howard, Earl of, afterwards second Duke of Norfolk, [250–270]
Suvórov, Marshal, Russian warrior, [270]
Swanage, Viking shipwreck at, [136]
Sweyn Estrithson, King of Denmark, [179], [206]
Sweyn Haraldson, ‘Fork-beard,’ King of Denmark, [165–170]
Swinton, Sir John, [247]
Tacitus, P. Cornelius, [36], [37], [46], [47], [53], [116]
Taillefer, minstrel, [197]
Talhærn, [108]
Taliesin, [108]
Tamworth, [155]
Tasciovan, King of the Catuvellauni, [31]
Tate, General, [348], [349]
Teignmouth, [345]
Tenby, [216]
Terceira, [283]
Texel, [352]
Thames, [24], [25], [50], [67], [123], [128], [203], [205], [213], [321], [326–330]
Thanet (Ruim), [89], [123], [163], [210]
Theodosius, General of Valentinian I., [68], [70]
Thorney Isle, in the Colne, [145]
Thetford, Vikings at, [127], [168]
Theudebert I., [116]
Theudric (‘Flamddwyn’), [108]
Thorkil ‘the Tall,’ [169], [170], [171], [173]
Thurstan, Archbishop of York, [229]
Till, the, [255], [257], [260]
Toesny, Ralph de, [194]
Togodubn, King of South Britain, [32], [35], [37]
Toglos, Earl, [156]
Torbay, [345]
Torington, Admiral, Lord, [330]
Tosti, brother of Harold II., [179], [182], [184], [186], [187], [188], [226]
Tourville, Anne Hilarion de Cotentin, Comte de, [344], [345]
Toustain de Bec-en-Caux, [196]
Trebonius, C., [25]
Tréport, [221]
Trinobantes, [4], [22–31], [45]
Twisel, [254], [258], [260]
Tyne and Tynemouth, [39], [60], [265]
Ubaldino, [311]
Uhtred, Earl, [172], [224]
Ulfkytel, Ealdorman, [168]
Ulgarich, Galwegian chief, [232]
Upnor Castle, [326]
Urbicus, Lollius, [58]
Urien of Reged, [108]
Ushant, [292]
Utrecht, sack by Danes, [119]
Valdes, Diego de, [296], [298], [309]
Valdes, Don Pedro de, [291–300], [358]
Van Ghent, Admiral, [320], [321], [324], [326], [327]
Vendée, La, [346]
Venta Silurum (Caerwent), [97]
Verulam, [26], [36–38], [47], [50], [80], [87], [96], [97], [106]
Vienne, Jean de, Admiral of France, [215], [216], [244], [245]
Vigo, [286]
Viking ships, the, [117], [118]
Viroconium (Wroxeter), [40], [42], [48], [50], [64], [70]
Voelund the Viking, [124]
Volusenus, C., [8], [11], [16], [17]
Vortigern, [85], [86], [87], [88], [89], [90], [91], [98]
Vortimer, [90]
Vortipore of the Demetæ, [105]
Wace, [180], [194]
Wade, Marshal, [339], [340], [342]
Wadon Hill, [102]
Wall of Antoninus, [68]
Wall of Hadrian and Severus I., [56], [68]
Wallace, William, [235]
Wallingford, [205]
Walsingham, Sir F., [285]
Warbeck, Perkin, [249]
Wark, [228]
Warwick, [156]
Wash, the, [120], [207], [211]
Watchet, [155]
Watling Street, [25]
Welland, [39]
West, Dr., [251]
Wharton, Sir Thomas, [272]
Widdrington, Lord, [333], [334]
Wigan, [342]
Wiggingamere, [156]
Wight, Isle of, [18], [216–219]
Wilton, [168]
Willes, General, [335], [336]
William ‘Longsword,’ Earl of Salisbury, [210]
William the Marshal, Earl of Pembroke, [211], [212], [213]
William, nephew of David I., [228]
William the Lion, King of Scotland, [233], [234]
William I., [178–208], [227]
William II. (Rufus), King of England, [227]
William III., King of England, [328], [329], [330], [331], [345]
Wincanton, [331]
Wintoun, Lord, [334]
Winchelsea, [211], [215]
Winchester, [124], [205], [212]
Witham, [155]
Witt, Grand Pensionary de, [320]
Wood, Sir Andrew, [250]
Wooler, [246], [257]
Wrekin, [40]
Wulfheard, Ealdorman of Hampshire, [120]
Wulfnoth, brother of Harold II., [178]
Yarmouth, [210], [215]
Yonge, Captain, [304]
York, [53], [60], [64], [72], [73], [125], [172], [187], [206]
Zosimus, [75]