CHAPTER XLI
THE TARTARS
From ancient times Tartars intimately connected with the Chinese— How the Chou state had to migrate to avoid the Tartars—Chou ancestors had originally fled from China to the Tartars—Chou family's subsequent dealings with the Tartars—How Ts'in replaced Chou as the semi-Tartar or westernmost state of China—Tartars for many centuries in possession of Yellow River north bank—Once extended to Kiang Su province—Confucius' knowledge of the Tartars—Tartar attacks in the eighth and seventh centuries B.C.— Causes of the Protector system—Incompetence of Emperors to stave off Tartar attacks—Ts'i's extensive relations with the Tartars— The Second Protector and his adviser—Rude treatment of the Second Protector by the orthodox Chinese states—Ts'u's bluff hospitality— Second Protector had to check Chinese instead of Tartar ambitions— Tsin's Tartar admixture—Comparison with Roman adventurers—How Tartars have in modern times ruled China and Asia.