| FIGURE | | PAGE |
| 1. | [
Soil and subsoil in St George's School garden ]
| 2 |
| 2. | [
Columns showing what 100 parts of soil and subsoil
were made of ]
| 4 |
| 3. | [
Columns showing what 100 parts of dried soil and
subsoil were made of ]
| 8 |
| 4. | [
Clay shrinks when it dries]
| 11 |
| 5. | [
Clay swells up when it is placed in water ]
| 12 |
| 6. | [
Landslip in the Isle of Wight.]
Phot. Valentine & Son
| 13 |
| 7. | [
Clay does not let water run through ]
| 14 |
| 8. | [
Sand allows air to pass through but clay does not ]
| 15 |
| 9. | [
A brick allows both air and water to pass through it ]
| 17 |
| 10. | [
Lime added to turbid clay water soon makes the clay
settle ]
| 20 |
| 11. | [
Sand dunes, Penhale, Cornwall.]
Phot. Geological Survey
| 23 |
| 12. | [
Blowing sand covering up meadows and ruining them.]
Phot. Geological Survey
| 25 |
| 13. | [
Model of a spring ]
| 26 |
| 14. | [
Foot of chalk hill at Harpenden where a spring breaks
out. ]
Phot. Lionel Armstrong
| 27 |
| 15. | [
The little pool and the spring.]
Phot. Lionel Armstrong
| 28 |
| 16. | [
Water spouting up from a bore hole, Old Cateriag
Quarry, Dunbar.]
Phot. Geological Survey
| 29 |
| 17. | [
Sandy soils in wet and in dry positions ]
| 31 |
| 18. | [
Map of the roads round Wye ]
| 32 |
| 19. | [
Peat bog in Hoy, Orkney: peat is being cut for fuel.]
Phot. Valentine & Son
| 39 |
| 20. | [
Rye growing in surface soil, subsoil, and sand ]
| 42 |
| 21. | [
Mustard growing in surface soil, subsoil, and sand ]
| 43 |
| 22. | [
Mustard growing in soil previously cropped with rye,
and in soil previously uncropped ]
| 45 |
| 23. | [
Pieces of grass, leaves, etc. change to plant food
in the surface soil lint not in the subsoil ]
| 50 |
| 24. | [
Soil in which earthworms have been living and making
burrows ]
| 55 |
| 25. | [
Fresh soil turns milk bad, but baked soil does not ]
| 57 |
| 26. | [
Soil contains tiny living things that grow on gelatine ]
| 58 |
| 27. | [
Our breath makes lime water turn milky ]
| 59 |
| 28. | [
Something in the soil uses up air and makes lime water
turn milky ]
| 61 |
| 29. | [
Soils are able to stick to water: clay or loam soils do
this better than sands ]
| 65 |
| 30. | [
Water can pass from wet to dry places in the soil, it
can even travel upwards ]
| 66 |
| 31. | [
Plants growing in soils supplied from below with water.
All the water the plants get has to travel upwards ]
| 67 |
| 32. | [
Mustard growing in soils supplied with varying
quantities of water ]
| 69 |
| 33. | [
Wheat growing in moist and in dry soils ]
| 71 |
| 34 a and b. | [
Plants found on a dry soil had
narrow leaves, those on a moist soil had wider
leaves. ]
Phot. S. T. Parkinson
| 72, 73 |
| 35. | [
Plants give out water through their leaves ]
| 74 |
| 36. | [
Stephen Hales's experiment in 1727 ]
| 75 |
| 37. | [
Hill slope near Harpenden showing woodland at top and
arable land lower down. ]
Phot. Lionel Armstrong
| 77 |
| 38. | [
View further along the valley; woodland and arable
above, rough grassland near the river.]
Phot. Lionel Armstrong
| 79 |
| 39. | [
Rough grass pasture near the river. Higher up is
arable land.]
Phot. Lionel Armstrong
| 81 |
| 40. | [
After harvest the farmer breaks up his land with a
plough and then leaves it alone until seed time.]
Phot. Lionel Armstrong
| 83 |
| 41. | [
Rolling in mangold seed on the farm.]
Phot. H. B. Hutchinson
| 85 |
| 42. | [
Soil sampler ]
| 88 |
| 43. | [
Cultivation and mulching reduce the loss of water
from soils ]
| 90 |
| 44 a and b. | [
Maize cannot compete successfully with weeds ]
| 94, 95 |
| 45. | [
A plot of wheat left untouched since 1882 at
Rothamsted has now become a dense thicket.]
Phot. Lionel Armstrong
| 97 |
| 46. | [
A badly drained wheat field ]
| 99 |
| 47. | [
Highly cultivated sandy soil in Kent ]
| 103 |
| 48. | [
A Surrey heath ]
| 105 |
| 49. | [
Woodland and heather on high sandy land, Wimbledon
Common. ]
Phot. R. H. Carter
| 107 |
| 50. | [
Poor sandy soil in Surrey, partly cultivated but mainly
wood and waste ]
| 109 |
| 51. | [
Open chalk cultivated country, Thanet ]
| 113 |
| 52. | [
Cliffs at the seaside, Manorbier.]
Phot. Geological Survey
| 117 |
| 53. | [
Cliffs in inland district, Arthur's Seat, Edinburgh.]
Phot. Geological Survey
| 119 |
| 54. | [
Model of a stream ]
| 120 |
| 55. | [
The bend of a river ]
| 121 |
| 56. | [
The winding river--the Stour at Wye.]
Phot. R. H. Carter
| 123 |
| 57. | [
Sketch map showing why Godmersham and Wye arose
where they did on the Stour ]
| 126 |
| 58. | [
Ford at Coldharbour near Harpenden.]
Phot. Lionel Armstrong
| 127 |
The photographs of the pot experiments are by Mr Lionel Armstrong.